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Rory Gallagher plays Belfast in the midst of the Sunningdale AgreementWho’s the most influential? Without question Jimi Hendrix who rewrote the rules for how to play modern electric guitars.Who’s the best? It’s subjective and down to taste and the mention of Taste reminds me of another question, who’s the most underrated?Here the answer is Rory Gallagher, who while hugely influential on many other well known guitarists is somewhat unknown. While admired by Albert & BB King, John Lennon & Bob Dylan and acknowledged as an influence by guitarists as diverse as Brian May, Slash, Gary Moore & Johnny Marr, in his lifetime Rory was a very under rated guitar virtuoso who despite his skills never sought the lime light. Rory lived for playing live to his fans, often playing 250 plus gigs annually. Rory played and toured throughout Europe from the late 60s with his power Trio Taste and with his band throughout the 1970s and 80s in his trademark working mans shirts. He is held in very high esteem across Europe from the UK, France & Holland to Greece and everywhere inbetween where he played live multiple times. It must be said that he somewhat stubbornly stuck to playing blues rock for all his career, a style that had had it’s heyday in late 60s & early 70s, Rory was not one for change. Without fuss or much record label promotion he managed to quietly shift upto 30 million records.His stature in Ireland goes beyond music, he regularly toured and one of those Irish tours produced Tony Palmer’s semi legendary film documentary. Irish Tour 74 captures Rory Gallagher’s tour across Ireland which included his show in Belfast, Northern Ireland at a time when any well known rock acts stopped playing live in the city due to “the troubles”, lack of insurance and fear of violence. Rory had strong musical connections with Belfast having earlier played in the local Blues Rock scene centered around the Maritime in 1967 pre the breakout of violence (the same venue where Van Morrison & Them had played earlier) and was not going to ignore his fans even with the risk of violence. In addition some of his band were from the hinterland (keyboard player Lou Martin & long serving bassist Gerry McAvoy) and music lovers from both communities turned up on the 29th December 1973* at the Ulster Hall to watch Rory live in the atmosphere of what was a home coming gig at a particularly tense time.In Your Town - Irish Tour 74 - BelfastI’m sure all these great guitarists have had nights where they were the best of the four guitarists on your list and indeed that night in Belfast, Rory Gallagher was the best guitarist among Buddy Guy, Jimi Hendrix & Stevie Ray Vaughan but also on that night Rory was for more reasons than guitar playing the best guitarist in the world.(*) The political atmosphere in late December 1973 at the time of Rory’s Belfast show was particularly fraught in Northern Ireland, earlier that month the Sunningdale Agreement was announced which included a cross border Council of Ireland. Supported by most N.I. political parties at the time including the Main Unionist & Nationalist Parties and the cross community Alliance Party, it was totally opposed by the DUP, a substantial minority of the UUP and physical force loyalist organizations due to the proposed involvement of the Republic of Ireland in the Council of Ireland. Rory Gallagher couldn’t have chosen a worse time to play in Belfast. The IRA continued their bombing campaign, despite the chance of a political settlement, two IRA members were killed when a bomb they were planting exploded prematurely in a pub in Newry killing one civilian on Christmas Eve, days before the gig. The Sunningdale Agreement would fail politically later in mid 1974 following power outages and a strike organised by the Ulster Worker's Council. The bombing and killing continue and direct rule was introduced. In 1975 members of the Miami Showband would be killed by physical force loyalists ambushed when returning home from a gig in Northern Ireland. Sport and Music provided some reprieve from the unending violence & the apolitical Rory Gallagher played his part.Cork Rory Gallagher Airport

Twenty-three years after ethnic clashes in Mizoram forced 37,000 people of the Bru (or Reang) community to flee their homes to neighboring Tripura; an agreement has been signed to allow them to remain permanently in the latter state.The agreement among the Bru leaders and the governments of India, Tripura, and Mizoram, signed in New Delhi on January 16, gives the Bru community the choice of living in either state. In several ways, the agreement has redefined the way in which internal displacement is treated in India.What is in the Bru agreement?All Bru currently living in temporary relief camps in Tripura will be settled in the state, if they want to stay on. The Bru who returned to Mizoram in the eight phases of repatriation since 2009, cannot, however, come back to Tripura.To ascertain the numbers of those who will be settled, a fresh survey and physical verification of Bru families living in relief camps will be carried out. The Centre will implement a special development project for the resettled the Bru; this will be in addition to the Rs 600 crore fund announced for the process, including benefits for the migrants.Each resettled family will get 0.03 acre (1.5 ganda) of land for building a home, Rs 1.5 lakh as housing assistance, and Rs 4 lakh as a one-time cash benefit for sustenance. They will also receive a monthly allowance of Rs 5,000, and free rations for two years from the date of resettlement.All cash assistance will be through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), and the state government will expedite the opening of bank accounts and the issuance of Aadhaar, permanent residence certificates, ST certificates, and voter identity cards to the beneficiaries.When will the Bru resettlement take place?Physical verification to identify beneficiaries will be carried out within 15 days of the signing of the deal. The land for resettlement will be identified within 60 days, and the land for allotment will be identified within 150 days.The beneficiaries will get housing assistance, but the state government will build their homes and hand over possession. They will be moved to resettlement locations in four clusters, paving the way for the closure of the temporary camps within 180 days of the signing of the agreement. All dwelling houses will be constructed and payments completed within 270 days.Where will the Bru be resettled?Revenue experts reckon 162 acres will be required. Chief Minister Deb has said that the effort will be to choose khash or government land, but since Tripura is a small state (only 10,491 sq km), his government would explore the possibility of diverting forest lands, even reserve forest areas if necessary, to grant the new entitlements.Diverting forest land for human settlements will, however, need clearance from the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), which is likely to take at least three months. Deb has said that the central government has promised to provide funds, if needed, to acquire forest land or government land.Benefits for IndiaWith the signing of the agreement, the long festering Bru problem has been solved to the satisfaction of all concerned. The human rights issues of the Brus have also been satisfactorily addressed with the settlement package being part of the Agreement. GoI can take due credit for it. The Govt. can highlight its problem solving abilities that can give it a confidence to take on other similar intricate issues besetting the country. For example, resettlement of Kashmiri Pandits in their homeland in Kashmir, identification of illegal immigrants from Bangladesh in Border States of Assam and Tripura and their subsequent deportation are some of the pressing issue for the Govt. to tackle.

To answer your question directly, no, most employees, advisors, or consultants are not in a position to demand any special type of equity. They get options under the option plan, and some cash. Their main negotiating points are how many shares and how much cash. Sometimes you can create a side agreement or special promise to them about transferability, how to exercise the options, etc., but not a fundamentally different kind. Occasionally founders are in a position to get special treatment - see the note about FF shares, below. And of course investors get whatever they want, as long as the company is willing.In a typical American startup organized as a C corporation:Common shares - these are the basic ownership units of the companyFounder shares. Not a term of art or legal distinction. This is usually used to mean shares issued at nominal price at or shortly after formation of the company, whether or not the holder of the shares is in fact a founder. Alternately, some people refer to any shares held by a founder as founder shares. Founder is not a term of art either, it's an honorific.Other common shares. Parties other than founders may acquire common shares through a variety of methods such as exercising options or warrants to purchase shares from the company, direct purchase of shares for investment purposes (typically at seed level), proceeds of the company's acquisition of another company, or more rarely, conversion of preferred shares according to the terms of a preferred financing. For most companies all common shares are identical and interchangeable in the same way that any dollar is like any other dollar, but holders of shares may be subject to various agreement with the company or other shareholders with respect to transfer rights, voting, and so on.Authorized but unissued shares. Similar to the old concept of "treasury shares", there are usually many shares that the company is authorized to issue according to its Articles, but simply has not yet issued. Some of these are considered "reserved" because they are set aside for various contingencies and purposes. For example, when a company issues stock options, it must reserve enough underlying common shares to be issued in the event all of the holders exercise their options. Further, the company usually sets aside an "option pool" both for outstanding options and also for options that will be given to new employees as they are hired.Vested versus unvested shares. Unvested shares are subject to a restriction placed in the stock purchase agreement / issuance that the company may buy them back at the original purchase / grant price, typically at the time the holder's relationship with the company ends. A vesting schedule sets out timing and increments by which a shareholder's unvested shares become vested over time. The formula is staged to maximize the incentive value of equity in exchange for ongoing contributions and loyalty, typically 3-4 years for founders and other long-term participants, and a shorter priod for contractors, advisors, board members, and others who give value over a shorter period. There is usually a 6-12 month "cliff" during which equity that would otherwise vest is held back, and sometimes an immediate "acceleration" of vesting upon a company acquisition, termination not for cause, or other milestone. Investors and those given equity for discrete or past events are typically not subject to vesting.Vesting is subject to a vesting schedule, that sets out the timing and increments of vesting, typically 3-4 years in the case of founders and sometimesVoting versus nonvoting shares. Occasionally, shares are subject to restrictions that they are not entitled to vote for the Board of Directors or other shareholder matters, that they have a fractional vote instead of a full vote, or that their vote is proxied to another shareholder who will vote for them. Typical examples may be shares held by former team members, trusts, bankruptcy trustees, heirs and divorced spouses, etc. This may be a separate class of common stock, or may be reflected in a contract. (*)Series (or Class) B (or F, or FF) common stock. Companies sometimes create a separate type of common stock given to founders and other principals, to confer special voting or liquidation rights. It's an old concept, but the application to tech startups is fairly new, often credited to Sean Parker (business person) and the Founders Fund (venture capital firm) (hence, FF). In this case, founders are given a small amount of FF shares in addition to their regular or Class A common stock. If and when the company receives venture investment, some or all of their Class FF shares are converted to preferred shares and sold to the investors as part of the round, thereby allowing the founders some cash out. (*)Preferred shares - prefered shares are typically sold to investors.Series A, B, C, D, E Preferred. At the time of a preferred financing the company's Articles are usually amended to permit the issuance of a new class of preferred shares, and also to reserve the same number of common shares for the potential conversion of preferred to common shares (typically, as part of an IPO). The letter designates which successive round the shares were issued, A being the first round, B the second round, etc. Sometimes the stock issued in successive rounds is identical except for the price (and therefore, the liquidation and antidilution denominators). Other times, later rounds receive different rights and terms, in which case the earlier preferred investors either maintain their old preferences or agree to convert their stock to the new terms. Having many preferred rounds with different terms can make the company's capital structure extremely complex, and create unforseen and sometimes perverse consequences.Series AA, BB, CC, DD, etc. preferred. This is sometimes used to designate a small supplemental round between two bigger rounds. For example, Series AA would fall after the A round and before B. Alternately, some companies reset the count to AA following a crunch-down, effectively resetting and undoing the previous A through N rounds. The reason for the terminology is kind of amusing. An idealized company path is three rounds of preferred financing (and perhaps a "Mezzanine Capital" round) then an IPO. Going above C, certainly anything beyond E, is a red flag to the world that your company has been struggling. Using AA, BB, etc., is a way to avoid going too high in the alphabet.Authorized but unissued shares. A company may set aside more preferred shares than it has issued, pending final closing the investment round. Additional preferred shares may be set aside for the conversion of convertible notes into a number of shares that may vary depending on the valuation used in the round, valuation caps, and multiples.Tranched investments. Rather than purchasing all of a round and investing all of the funds upfront, many preferred investors invest over a series of tranches. After one tranch, their obligation (or choice) to invest in the next tranch is contingent on the company achieving agreed-to milestones. Alternately, they may receive additional stock as a bonus / penalty should the company fail to hit the milestones.Subscription agreements. There are many different ways to "close" an investment round. One of them is to have investors enter into a subscription agreement by which they pay, or promise to pay, or pay their funds into escrow. The company continues to raise funds until it has reached a minimum target, or perhaps until the round is fully subscribed at an upper limit, at which point the money is invested for shares in one or more closing events. (*)Options and warrantsEmployee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) - A formal structure for awarding options to employees, board members, advisors, contractors, and other team members. Typically has extensive provisions and restrictions on buying and holding stock. A pool of options is allocated, and issued over time to various people subject to vesting conditions comparable to those associated with common stock.ISO and NSO options. Options granted pursuant to the plan are classified as "incentive stock options" (ISO) that qualify certain optionee-employees for preferential tax treatment or else "nonqualified stock options" (NSO) for everyone else. Shares set aside for the option plan are called option shares. As a matter of terminology, a single option applies to multiple shares, but colloquially, each share is described as being covered by a single option (hence, someone may say that they own 10,000 options).Option exercise. An option gives the holder the right, but not the requirement, topurchase a fixed number of common shares by paying in a strike price,which is usually set at the appraised value of the shares as of the dateof option issuance. By law, option plans must require optionees to exercise their options if at all within 3 months of ceasing their association with the company, and companies sometimes set shorter periods of 30 or 90 days. It is easy for the company or optionee to "blow" ISO treatment and thereby lose their tax advantage.Early exercise. Optionees are sometimes permitted to transact an "early exercise" in which they exercise their options while still with the company, thereby establishing a tax basis (original valuation) and holding period for purposes of capital gains taxes. They thereby pay the strike price in exchange for common stock that is subject to vesting provisions that parallel those that had applied to their options.Other warrants and options - The company may issue options and warrants to purchase stock outside of its option plan, often to strategic business partners or as a "sweetener" for investors. These are covered by agreements outside the ESOP, and typically are not subject to vesting provisions, although they may require the optionee to achieve a milestone and typically expire after five or ten years.(*)Convertible debtSome angel investors, and others who invest in advance of the opening of a preferred round, hold notes that convert to preferred stock at the next closing of a preferred financing. They may have a right (or obligation) to convert at pre-agreed terms, or alternately to be redeemed (paid back) in the event the preferred financing does not happen before a deadline. If a financing does occur, they typically receive credit for their original investment plus interest (and perhaps a multiple, discount, or valuation cap). These terms leave considerable uncertainty over just how many shares will be issued.Repurchased shares, expired optionsA company may repurchase shares that were already outstanding. The most common reason is to take back unvested stock after a team member leaves. It can also be a vehicle for distributing some investment proceeds to founders, or a settlement with an investor who wants their money back. ESOP options typically expire if not exercised within 30 or 90 days after leaving, and other options and warrants have expiration dates as well (typically 5 or 10 years). In most cases these repurchased equity instruments simply disappear into the company's pool of unallocated equity, like a gold ring to melt down and make another ring in the future. In some cases due to laws or agreements the equity does not actually get recycled automatically, but is considered to be extinct, or held by the company.(*) Items with an asterisk are not universalI wouldn't say that any of this has an "implication" for the cap table, they are the cap table. The cap table is an attempt to capture all of the different shares outstanding, pledged, or reserved for different purposes. As such, investors and other stakeholders assess different classes differently for different purposes. Most typically they look at the "fully diluted capital structure", which would be the number of common shares that would be outstanding if every single outstanding option and warrant were exercised, all convertible notes converted, and every single preferred share converted to common according to its current conversion ratio. Often the entire option pool (the primary vehicle for employees, advisors, consultants, etc) is included, not just the outstanding options, even though in practice only a portion of these will ever be exercised and become stock.In addition, there are some investment or compensation grants that are not equity.Restricted Stock Units. Later stage private companies often grant RSUs, a form of phantom (synthetic) equity, in place of granting stock options. As a contract right rather than an actual security, this avoids some of the burden of compliance with securities laws and regulations, option plan maintenance, shareholder rights, and so on, and keeps the capitalization table shorter. Each RSU entitles the holder to a single share of stock upon vesting, with actual delivery often delayed until a future event like an IPO or leaving the company, potentially paid in cash rather than shares. Like options, these are defined in the stock plan.(*)Stock appreciation rights. Another form of phantom equity, more or less identical to RSUs but they only track the increase in the fair market value / market price of a share following grant, not the underlying value at the time of grant.(*)Profit participation plans, bonus plans, commissions. Not securities, but these are compensation rights that depend on the performance of the company and/or an employee grantee.(*)Retirement plans, 401(k). Allows employees to purchase stock in the company, or in other companies, or mutual funds, on a tax-deferred or pre-tax basis.(*)Royalties, favored vendor or customer status, pre-purchases, free product, benefits, perks, etc. As a sweetener to make the deal more attractive, some investors, strategic partners, and occasionally even key hires will get special treatment by the company. Royalties can be paid on a per-unit basis or a percentage of sales or profits, sometimes straight or subject to tiers, caps, or minimums. You see this often on Shark Tank but not so much in startup businesses generally.(*)That's all I can think of. Let me know if I missed anything.