That The Police Jury Was Ready For The Transaction Of Business: Fill & Download for Free

I specialized in crime defense. I’ve had people admit guilt, and I’ve had people who don’t admit anything. The law school answer is that your role is to ensure your client gets a fair trial and your knowledge of the defs guilt or not is irrelevant.While that’s true, the real world has additional considerations. I sat down with every client and reviewed the evidence against them. I informed them of the possible sentences. It’s usually pretty obvious how strong the states case is from the discovery packet. Many of my clients were down for drug offenses. Sales and possesion. Those defs usually couldn’t mount much of a defense beyond procedural objections to evidence gathering and police conduct. The Streif US Supreme Court case recently decided, pretty much eviscerates the fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine, in which evidence must be excluded if the prior acts of the state were violative of statutes or caselaw or the defs constitutional rights. So, basically, drug evidence is going to be admitted unless something really rotten can be shown. Not a level playing field in real life.So, I’m trying to minimize harm. I used a bunch of tactics to secure good plea bargains (and 98 percent or more cases are disposed by plea, trials are rare birds now). I was in a very conservative state MS. Most of my clients were black. The judges and das were all white. I hate it, but white people are very indifferent to black people, especially if they’ve been jaded by years of heinous crimes. Hard odds, no?By far, the best way to minimize harm for my clients was using the built in prejudices of the system against it. For example, these white people in power (and I’m white too btw) are Christian, both judges were former das and both were military background, one judge was a General in the National Guard. So what do they appreciate? Acceptance of personal responsibilty. Lacking in options for a good defense, I would discuss the merits of taking personal responsibility with clients. It worked like a charm. Always though, it’s their choice. I was just relaying facts and the lay of the land.The das standard offer on sale of crack was 7 yrs MDOC custody (MDOC rules required 85% time served on violent crimes, which crack sales were so deemed for some reason…it was 25% for non violent offenses). The standard offer was all the clients of the overloaded public defenders office would get. The pub defs never would advocate for less time. That is not a knock against the Pds, it’s my indictment against a deeply flawed system. The Pds were part time and took on private (paying) clients…they got the best deals. Anyway, standard offer 7 yrs. Your client is on videotape, drugs are in evidence. No police misconduct. Time to be a man (it were usually male defs I repped). If I could go to certain adas and have a sit down on a client and stress that they were willing to take personal responsibilty, the number went down…to 5 yrs, sometimes 4. Credit for time served. Client happy. Das happy, case cleared from docket, judges happy. Is it justice? It’s the real world best you can do.Two last stories: (since you’re a self professed law junkie).A crack sale client has video evidence against him. Standard 7yrs offered. No credible defense. However, he “made” the confidential informant. During the transaction def tries to to grab the hat cam and believed that the state had nothing on him. So we sit and watch the videotape and at the end of it, instead of accepting the truth, my client says it wasnt him on this very high quality video. What to do? I explain to him that he has a right to trial by jury and I will move to have all relevant evidence excluded, but that probably wouldnt be favorable. The evidence would stand. It may have been wrong of me, but I said that anyone could plainly see that’s you. He wouldn’t budge. So we had a trial. Now, the law school answer is that if you assert your right to trial and your guilt is proved, your sentence should not be disproportionately longer than if you pled guilty. Real world: you get hammered for taking to trial a case that is a slam dunk. And I mean hammered. Long story short, client found guilty on 2 counts of indictment (in pleas with multi counts, only one would stand, the rest nole prossed). So what was the sentence? 12 years count one 10 yrs count two served consecutively. So that went from 7yrs at 85% to 22 yrs at 85%. That was sad. But what could I do?I am a Christian, and I know a good bit about the bible and biblical principles (not claiming to live by them, mind you…just that I had a base of knowledge). So, I’m in the judges chambers getting a motion signed (the General no less) when I notice an embroidery hanging on the wall. “Do justice, love mercy and walk humbly with thy God.” From the book of Micah. Put separation of church and state aside. In the real world judges have beliefs and values. Hopefully, they don’t let that override their constitutional duty, but it’s a fact. For a defense attorney though, I loved that verse. The concept of justice and mercy. The judges reputation was that he was tough on crime. But I felt an inroad. I heard of another case he presided over in another county where he was pilloried for being too lenient. I felt he had showed courage in the face of an angry mob mentality. There is a thing called an “open plea”. That’s when no plea agreement is reached between def and da, but def pleads guilty to the indictment and allows the judge to pass sentence. Well, there was this one case where my client was ready to plead but the da was being unreasonable, in my opinion. One count sale of crack and the only offer is 10yrs??? What was up with that I haven’t the foggiest. But my client says to me basically that all the others are getting 7yr offers and my jail reputation was at 5yrs. He wanted options. I told him he could try the case, and I was honest about his chances and about his sentence. In that 10yrs would end up sounding really good. I broached the idea of an open plea. I explained my reasoning for believing that if you stood before the General and accepted full responsibility, then perhaps, mercy would be possible. I also explained the downside…it could go badly, the max could be imposed. It’s akin to informed consent in medicine. The def decided to go for it. His case was called, I explained that my client wished to plead guilty, take responsibilty, and rely on the courts judgment. I requested mercy. Other lawyers thought it was a stupid move, but I had faith. I was scared though. Was I screwing my client over? The judge asked the da (this was the chief da, no ada) why a plea wasnt reached if the def wanted to plead. The da said the def refused the offer. The judge asked what was offered. 10yrs. Now, the General knew what was standard. And he saw before him a young lawyer who was willing to take a risk on an open plea due to either dumbness or brashness, or maybe shrewdness. But who knows what he thought. He asked the def if I had explained all the ramifications of open pleading. Yes sir says def. Ok then says the judge. Are you willing to accept this responsibilty and take whatever I give you knowing it could be the max? Yes. And the sentence? 4 years. Jailhouse legend grew and business picked up. Later cases caused problems, but for a while I was the man.Now, thats alot of asides and tangents to a straightforward question. But my answer is, don’t ask about guilt. Examine the evidence and every other thing you see around you and ask yourself: What’s the best outcome I can obtain for this client?Now, thats not necessarily the academic answer, but the real world is way different from the classroom, and even different from the caselaw and the statutes. You must work with what you have. Minimizing harm was usually the best one could do. Is the justice system in Mississippi institutionally rascist? Absolutely. Is the war on drugs a failure? Yes. Is the bail system a means of punishing poor defendants who may not even be guilty? Yes. Are reforms needed? Yes. Can you defend people and not forget their humanity? You/d better be able to, or you will just give lives up to the grinder.Should you tell your lawyer you’re guilty? If you like. The lawyer is bound by confidence and privilege. It may even help resolve your case.ThanksOne last thought on guilt, innocence and do you want to know. I represented a def charged with capital murder (by affidavit, not indictment. Important distiction). The affidavit was the most riduculous bunch of hearsay and coincidence masquerading as evidence I’d ever seen. To this day it scares me the line between prison and freedom and how tenuous it is for some. I requested a reconsideration by the Justice of the Peace who had denied bond (in MS no law degree required for such a powerful position. Scary). When that was denied I filed a Writ of Habeas Corpus in circuit court. Ultimately, the def was released and due to lack of evidence, was never indicted. I found, through sources, that the def was the most likely killer. The murder victim stole a wad of cash from a dope dealer his mother was dating who had gotten arrested. So, I’m thinking about the likelihood of these two guys running around with all that money and living it up and the fact that the def did have a gun. Plus, simple jealousy of the street. My only other alternative was to believe that the local sheriffs dept let the dealer out to settle the score and the dealer dutifully returned to jail. Now which is the more probable scenario. The only thing that really saved my client was the fact that the victim was skeletal in a field by the time he was found and the lack of direct evidence. Plus, the habeas petition moved the case forward where the detectives had to show evidence to the grand jury or give it up.To this day, that’s the only case that doesn’t sit right with me.

As a gun owner I can answer from the gun owner perspective. We have continually compromised and given up things and are still being asked to give up even more. The gun control crowd is unwilling to give up anything and constantly asks us to give up even more.The compromises include the 1934 NFA, the 1938 FFA, the 1968 GCA, the 1986 FOPA, and the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act that banned so-called assault weapons and magazines that could hold over 10 rounds. To get the support of some fence sitters and a few on the pro-gun side, that one had a sun-set clause provision. It provided that after 10 years a study would be conducted on the effectiveness of the bans on reducing crime and if it had little to no effect, it would not be reauthorized. The study was conducted by the FBI and it was determined it had little if any effect on reducing crime rate. Crime rate dropped because of better policing and policies that got criminals off the streets and locked them up for a long time.The 1994 act was sold to us pro-gun people as a compromise. If it passed and had no effect on crime, it would go away and the antis would never bring up an AWB again.I learned from that experience, no more compromises.What gun people do not want is registration. Why? When the political winds change or our government goes downhill, it will have a list of gun owners from whom to start the confiscations. I have relatives that lived in Germany during the rise of the Nazi party and Hitler. At the start, every patriotic German was supposed to have a gun. The state even helped those who could not afford one buy one as part of the national defense. Later they needed to register the guns to better solve crimes and to ensure the undesirable people did not have guns. Then, the time came when all citizens had to turn in their guns because it was for state security. They could not tell the good guys from the bad so anyone with a gun was shot on sight.It has happened in the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, and so many other countries.Full discloser, I live in CA, and we have UBC for all gun transactions, retail and private, a 10-day wait to pick up, an AWB that gets tighter every year, and starting next year, a background check required to purchase ammo. The “gun crimes” are still increasing while they are decreasing in many free states that do not have the draconian gun control laws.At the school I teach at, on the 4/20/18 school shooting walk out protest day, two students, whom I happen to have in one of my classes, were arrested because they thought it would be a great time to get their 15 minutes of fame. They pulled out hand guns from their pockets while at the anti-violence protest rally at the front of the school. They selected that time because they had a large number of victims amassing and the news cameras ready to film. What they did not count on was the police presence. My school draws heavily from a gang infested area so we always call for a police presence when we get word anything might be happening. One kid fumbled the gun and it fell on the ground, the other was tackled by the officer that stood behind him. The news crew ran for their van and GTFO. They never reported the story, allegedly because they wanted a story about students protesting anti-gun violence and reporting on arresting 2 students for gun violence at an anti-gun violence rally was not a story they wanted.The two students are 17 and are being tried as adults because they had prior histories. Guess what, they both avoided the background checks when getting their guns. One got his from breaking into a local residence and the other bought his from a local drug dealer (no serial number so it could not be traced). Both were prohibited anyway, being under 21 and having records of drug possession.You should look up the history of Prohibition. It had to be repealed because it was a miserable failure. More people were consuming alcohol after Prohibition became law than before. It was being made and sold everywhere.There are so many unforced gun laws most police officers do not know all the laws, especially in states like CA. The normally law-abiding gun owners are tired of being made to feel like criminals when deaths using guns as the tool are very low. More people drown, die in car accidents, die from alcohol and tobacco, from obesity related illnesses, and many other things than from guns. There is no national movement for car control or alcohol and tobacco control. Where are the calls for background checks before buying a car or alcohol.The number of laws in CA have reached a point where even the law abiding gun owners are giving up and saying screw it. It is a pain to go through a background check to buy ammo when I am just buying a couple of boxes of ammo to hit the range. If that is what the state thinks of me, I will just ignore the laws. I know more who buy and sell without going through the state required background checks. The police are overworked as it is and do not have time to run sting operations to catch these people.These people are making there own guns also. They are supposed to be registered with the state, but 99% of the time if caught, they are just confiscated. Our court systems and prisons are so overcrowded, DAs will not charge and judges will not give jail time if convicted. In many more rural areas, juries will not convict.Just like what is happening since the cigarette tax was increased $1 a pack last year, people are starting to go out of state to buy ammo. Cigarette smuggling is big business. People drive to Nevada, buy at an Indian smoke shop, and drive back home. I know a few who do this to pay for their gambling trips. Their are criminal gangs that do it on a larger scale.It is happening with ammo. The state cannot search, even if it were legal, the large number of vehicle that enter it every day and there are thousands of roads into the state that do not have state Agricultural Inspection Stations on them.And then, reloading your own is easy. My friends and I are using this new infringement as a reason to learn to load our own.Finally, if the gun controllers really want to consider real compromise, this is what they have to give up because this is what we want:—the ability to buy guns in any state like any other product, national CCW reciprocity (If I qualify for a CCW in one state, it does not matter if it is as a resident or non-resident, it is good in any state, just like driver’s licenses).— no waiting periods but a true instant background check (it is up to the government to get it right and not our fault if they cannot keep their records up to date, most of the delays are because of their errors and the person is found to not be prohibited).— drop the AWB nonsense (my hunting rifle that I have owned for over 40 years fires a round that is more powerful than the round fired from an AR-15. I have a couple of WWII surplus rifles that fire rounds just as fast (semi-auto) and even more powerful but are not considered assault weapons because they do not have the pistol grips. )—Forget about limits on magazine sizes. Any person who is competent with their weapon and change out a magazine in about a second. Criminals do not care about laws and get all the large capacity magazines they want, they are easy to make or buy on the black market. There is always the New York reload, bring multiple guns, all fully loaded, then you only have to change mags when there is a lull in the shooting.Finally, accept that no law will stop death by guns. Murder is illegal and still people kill other people. Suicide is illegal and people still kill themselves everyday.

I will answer this question with four real events in history.I want to thank you for being here 20世纪研究所，马前卒，知乎用户，匿名用户.The answer of these four Zhihu users is the full strength of my ability to complete this article. I translated a lot of their words and provided inspiration and inspiration for me.I.A group photo of nine European emperors.In May 1910, nine European monarchs gathered in London to attend the funeral of King Edward VII and take a group photo. Although the Russian Czar, the Italian King, the Romanian king and the Austro Hungarian king are missing, this is the most complete picture of the king's participation in history (rather than family photo). In the future, four of them will be abandoned and one will be assassinated.（Standing from left to right: King hakang VII of Norway, King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King Manuel II of Portugal, King William II of Germany, King George I of Greece and King Albert I of Belgium.Sit from left to right: Alfonso XIII, king of Spain, George V, king of Denmark, Frederick VIII.）Can you believe that they are all one family, and they have very complicated relations. （In the picture, King Frederick VIII of Denmark is the father of King hakang VII of Norway; the wife of King hakang VII of Norway is the sister of King George V of England; the wife of King Frederick VIII of Denmark is also the uncle of King George V of England; the wife of King George I of Greece is the cousin of Russian emperor Nicholas II (not shown in the picture); the king of Germany Wei Lian II, King George V of England and Russian Tsar Nicholas II are all cousins... While Ferdinand of Bulgaria, Albert I of Belgium, Manuel II of Portugal and Alfonso XIII of Spain are all related to Britain, Habsburg, khohensoren and other royal families. What a European family!）Intermarriage has caused many deformities in babies.*Many people think of George V, the king of England sitting in the middle, as Tsar Nicholas II. The two brothers are really like each other! Because their mother is a sibling. (the two brothers have a good relationship. It is said that when George V knowed that Nicholas II was killed by comrade Lenin, the old man was silent for a sad morning!)▾ they are really like twins. Many people can't recognize each other if they become doubles. They can tell by speaking haha😂.This picture was taken in 1913. Left: Nicholas II right: George v. (* Please pay attention to their costumes! The two brothers were wearing German cavalry uniforms. Nicholas II was wearing German Westphalia light cavalry uniforms. George V was wearing Rhine cavalry army uniforms. In the past, European royal families used to symbolically present one of their own troops to other countries as a friendly exchange)Nicholas II on the left and George V on the right.▾ left: Maria fiodorovna (the mother of Russian czar Nikolai II) right: Alexandra Caroline (the mother of King George V)II.These are some of the cold knowledge of Western Law (trivia)1. According to the medieval Christian theory, there is a risk of going to hell to convict people (in some more rigorous theories, whether the conviction is correct or not, they will go to hell). At that time, the divine ruling was presided over by the church. The Catholic Church said that I would not accept this task, which was one of the reasons for abolishing the divine ruling.2. So the risk of convicting people to go to hell is transferred to countries. The judges in England also said that I would not accept the task, so they tactfully put the responsibility of conviction in the criminal trial on the jury.3. The jury is also unwilling to accept the damned task, so the jurors often ignore the facts and refuse to be convicted. In order to ensure that jurors have no psychological burden of conviction, England established the earliest theory of "excluding reasonable doubt" in the middle ages. That is, as long as the jurors have "ruled out reasonable doubt" at the time of conviction, even if the verdict is wrong, there is no need to go to hell.4. Judges in continental Europe failed to leave the pot to the jury, and the judges themselves assumed the responsibility of conviction. So the European continent established strict and mechanical evidence system earlier, because judges can avoid the risk of going to hell as long as they are convicted according to the evidence system.5. Because the evidence system in the European continent is more strict, leading to many cases can not obtain enough evidence, so the European continent introduced the torture system in the middle ages. On the contrary, in England, where the evidence system is more loose, torture is not necessary.6. "The scope of deterrence by death penalty set by criminal justice in England exceeds the extent that law enforcers are willing to implement it. In order to avoid the result of killing people, various forms of evasion measures are implemented. The adversarial criminal procedure is formed under this background. If we want to understand why the British and American criminal procedure formed in this era is so indifferent to the truth, we must remember that the day when we set up the criminal judicial procedure is the time when we do not need the truth so much. " It's about the 18th and 19th centuries.7. "No one should be forced to sue himself" has the same Christian background. This principle comes from church law, but for a completely different purpose. This is to make a clear distinction between the two aspects of Christians, emphasizing that the confession obligation of believers does not require criminal charges against themselves. Christians can confess their sins to priests, but they don't have to confess to judges or prosecutors about crimes that would be criminally punished.8. One of the main sources of income of the royal family in the Middle Ages was the court fees and fines, so the royal family of England tried to expand the jurisdiction of the royal court.9. Francis Bacon was a justice of the British court of equity and was impeached (despite the complicated political background) for taking bribes. When he left, Bacon said bluntly that although he did take bribes, he was still the cleanest justice of the equity court in history.10. In the history of the British Parliament, the level of corruption is not so good. Franklin once joked that if he was given half of the military expenditure of the war of independence, he could bribe the British Parliament.11. Gulliver's travels describes the English common law, which is totally different from the legal history textbook: "I said that there are such a group of people there. They (lawyers) have been learning a subject since their youth. How to use words to try to prove that it is black and the black is white? How much money you give him, how much power he will give you. In the eyes of these people, all but them are slaves They (judges) are all selected from the most astute and experienced lawyers. They are old, easy-going and hard-working, and they have been against the truth and justice all their lives, so they must protect fraud, perjury and tyranny These lawyers have a rule that it is legal for anything to be quoted in the preceding case to happen again. Therefore, they pay special attention to recording all previous judgments against utility and humanity. "12. Hugo spent a whole chapter in les miserables attacking the French Criminal System (Volume II, Chapter 7). In the normal textbooks of legal history, the French Criminal Code is called one of the important achievements of the enlightenment.13. Adam Smith once mentioned in the wealth of nations that England's judges and clerks charge according to the length of the judgment. I personally think this can explain why traditionally English judges are more lengthy than their counterparts in continental Europe.14. Adam Smith's speech on law, police, revenue and armaments mentioned a purely legal and technical issue: the testamentary successor can inherit the property only when the decedent dies, but at that time, the decedent has passed away and lost his rights. Leibniz solved this problem tactfully. Leibniz pointed out that the soul is immortal, so the heir still has rights after his death.15. Leibniz is a doctor of law. His doctoral dissertation is entitled "on the difficulty of law". He participated in the preparation of the civil code of Saxony, and some principles of the pandect system were established by Leibniz.16. The process of drafting and compiling the German civil code is extremely slow, which is much faster than that of the civil code under the law. As a matter of fact, the drafting of the French civil code was very slow at the beginning. It was not until Napoleon asked about it and often attended the regular drafting meeting that the progress was greatly accelerated.17. Goethe also studied law and worked in the Privy court of the Holy Roman Empire. Gerd once wrote a bad personal experience of poetry and Tucao, but I didn't expect this poem to become an important document for studying the imperial Privy Council.18. Anselm Feuerbach, the father of German philosopher Feuerbach, is a famous criminologist. It is common to say that ansom Feuerbach also loves philosophy and studies law for money, because "criminal law is the knowledge of bread". However, according to ansom Feuerbach's letter to his son, his original savings were enough to learn philosophy, until he knew his mother, in order to catch up with his sister, the cost increased, and finally he embarked on the road of criminal law.19. In contrast, Hobbes did not know the common law when he wrote Leviathan. His good friend gave him a common law textbook several years later, and suggested that Hobbes study common law. By the way, Leviathan didn't have a full French translation until after World War II.20. John Marshall's legal education was also limited, with only a few months of evening classes.21. The famous case of Marbury v. Madison originated from the fact that the former Secretary of state forgot to send a letter of appointment to Marbury before leaving office, and the new secretary of state Madison refused to send a letter of appointment to Marbury. John Marshall, the former Secretary of state, forgot to send a letter to Marbury. So Marshall's failure to avoid the trial of Marbury v. Madison was, to say the least, a disgrace.22. In the minutes of the constituent assembly, it is indeed recorded that a representative made a statement proposing to grant judicial review power to the Federal Supreme Court. But at least according to Madison's notes, the proposal fell to pieces without any response from other representatives. At least we can say that the judicial review power of the Supreme Court has not been seriously discussed by the representatives of the constituent assembly, and it is likely that the system design is not what they want to see.23. At the time of the constituent assembly, another representative put forward with great enthusiasm that the so-called "state power" does not exist and is far from a concept with a long history that has been generally recognized. This is just a theory created by every state for its own benefit, especially for the sake of keeping saving slaves.24. Marx wrote a pure declaration of philosophy of historical schools in early years. Although I do not know what hatred Marx and the Historical School of law are, but this article is in the fancy Historical School of law, for example, "people generally believe that the historical school is a reaction to the frivolous spirit of eighteenth Century. The popularity of this view is just in inverse proportion to its authenticity. Specifically, there is only one product of the 18th century, its main feature is frivolity, and the only product of this frivolity is the school of history.25. The Grimm brothers, who wrote fairy tales, are the students of Savigny, a famous historical law school. Now we can also publish the lecture notes of Savigny School of historical law based on the notes of the green brothers in the bookstore.III.A poor Chinese emperor who has never eaten eggsOne day, Daoguang, the Emperor of Qing Dynasty,cared about whether a minister had breakfast before the early Qing Dynasty. The minister was very moved to say that his family was poor, so he simply ate a few eggs. Results Daoguang was shocked: I dare not eat more eggs, but you dare to cry for poverty.During the reign of Guangxu, the egg reimbursement in the palace has become 30 Liang, while the one sold outside is 3 or 4 copper plates. So that Emperor Guangxu felt guilty every time he ate eggs.In fact, these emperors are also pitiful. They don't know that eggs are not valuable things in their whole lives, but that the Royal management department is too corrupt.IV.In the latest history, I am most shocked by Japan's initiative to send missions to the new world and Europe in the early 17th century.In the early shogunate era, Japan had actively participated in the early era of great navigation, using the routes opened by Spain and Portuguese to explore the world. The above route map is the route of the shogunate mission across the Pacific Ocean, across the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean to visit Europe:In 1609, the Spanish yacht San Francisco was hit by severe weather on its way from Manila to Acapulco, and it was wrecked in Chiba near Edo. The crew were rescued and warmly entertained, and the captain Rodrigo de vivero also met with Tokugawa.On November 29, 1609, the two sides signed a treaty. The treaty agreed that Spanish people would be able to set up factories in eastern Japan and bring in mining experts from New Spain. Spanish merchant ships would be allowed to visit Japan if necessary, and Japan would send an envoy to the Spanish royal family.Shogunate general decided to build a large sailing ship to bring biscaino and a Japanese mission to New Spain. The great name of Sendai, Yida Zhengzong, was in charge of the project. He ordered his family to take charge of the task. The Japanese named the large sailing ship as the village of IDA Maru, which was later renamed San Juan Bautista by the Spanish. It took 45 days to build the ship. The shogunate sent 800 shipbuilders, 700 blacksmiths and 3000 carpenters to participate in the project.After the completion of the project, the ship was ready to leave for Acapulco, Mexico, on October 28, 1613. About 180 people accompanied, including 10 shogunate Warriors (provided by the Minister of the navy to general Inoue), 12 Sendai warriors, 120 Japanese businessmen, crew and entourage, and about 40 Spanish and Portuguese.After three months of sea voyage, the ship arrived at Acapulco on January 25, 1614, and the envoys received a grand reception. The final task of Chang Cang is to go to Europe. After staying in Mexico for a while, he took a boat named Don Antonio Oquendo to sail in Veracruz. The sailboat sailed from San Jose to Europe on June 10. Zhicang had to leave the huge Japanese mission in Acapulco to wait for his return. On January 30, 1615, Ambassador Chang Chang Chang met with King Philip III of Spain in Madrid. Zhicang transmitted the letter of Yida Zhengzong to the king, which was a request for trade. The king complied with the demands. The branch was baptized by the king's personal priest on February 17 and renamed Philip Francisco branch. After that, Chang visited France and Rome. Through contacts with the west, Japan learned about geography and shipbuilding technology, and began to explore the world around it. However, the era of Japanese aggressors has passed, and the emerging military strength of the Qing Dynasty far exceeds that of the Ming Dynasty. The surplus Japanese warriors can only turn to Southeast Asia. In the first half of the 17th century, the Japanese in Ayudhaya had interesting similarities between the two rulers who started diplomatic relations between Japan and Siam in the early 17th century. In order to enrich the country and the people through commerce, King ergadh of Siam (R. 1605-1610) often went abroad to investigate. He was so keen on trade that the chronicles of the Siamese King described him as "more greedy than any of his predecessors", apparently "concerned only with how to enrich his treasury", and he was "very inclined to strangers and foreign countries". His successful brother, the great Siamese emperor Nari Xuan, completed the consolidation of Siamese kingdom which had been destroyed by Burmese for decades since 1569. In Japan, Jiakang, the first generation General of Tokugawa family, seeks diplomatic solutions in order to enhance business relations, establish friendly relations and new alliances between Japan and other Asian countries. He sent private letters to Southeast Asian countries to express the intention of business cooperation, and issued a royal seal to Japanese businessmen visiting Southeast Asia to protect and support them. Unlike European countries, Tokugawa did not form a joint venture company with businessmen in Japan, and its trade activities were still based on the subordination of Haoshang and shogunate. In 1606, Jiakang wrote a letter asking for the wood, cannon and gunpowder provided by the agathothal, indicating that he had established contact with the Siamese government of Ayudhaya at the latest. In another document in 1610, Jiakang thanked the king of Siam for his guns and gunpowder. Siamese also asked for Japanese horses and swords. The military trade between the two governments has a unique symbolic role, because it seems to imply the military alliance between the two sides. As a result, Tokugawa maintained official relations with the royal family in Ayudhaya and exchanged symbolic gifts, while they let the merchants take charge of large transactions. The Siamese side did not mind appointing Japanese businessmen as arbitrators to handle trade with Japan. For example, Chaya shirojiro, a businessman in Kyoto, can communicate directly with okphra Chula, an official of the Siamese court, while Hasegawa gonroku, the acting official of Nagasaki, has another channel of equal priority. Tsuda and Zuo weimen have lived in ayudaya since the first decade of the 17th century. He returned to Nagasaki in 1622 (or 1624) and became a translator. Kii KY Û Zaemon in Nagasaki may be the first Japanese to take office in the Siamese court. In 1616, he became the first envoy of Siamese to Japan. Generally speaking, Japanese invade Southeast Asia, Japan invade Korea, samurai and merchants enter Southeast Asia, zhicang often sends envoys to Europe and America, and shogunate defeats the last indigenous people in Hokkaido. There is a great correlation between these several events, which are the response of Japan to the new world system in the early period of the great navigation era. Although Japan quickly entered the period of lock up, as an island country with strong military tradition, the tradition of sea expansion inherited by Japan in the early era of great navigation had a great impact on the development of the country after its founding in the 19th century.My English is not very good. I welcome you to point out your opinions and suggestions for me.If you want to see other interesting things, you can leave a message in the comment area about the interest and scope, I will continue to update.Thank you for reading.