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Thanks Manjot Sidhu for the A2A.The UPSC Mains Exam is highly competitive as well as relative. That means if someone is writing a better answer than yours they will get better marks, and they will set the benchmark for others as far as that question is concerned. This means that if you write the same things everyone else is writing you won’t be able to differentiate yourself and you will be lumped together with others and awarded poor marks.UPSC asks a variety of questions that test different skills. For example some questions are factual which ask you to describe or detail a certain event/phenomena. In questions like these they are testing your ability to grasp and remember information and your ability to organise and present information in a cogent manner.Another class of questions are analytical. In them UPSC tests your ability to comprehend a complex issue, analyse it from different perspectives, argue from both for and against sides, ability to draw meaningful conclusions and also to present a positive way forward.There is no cut and dried method to improve one’e writing skills and make one’s answers different from others. It depends on the question asked as well as the strength of the person. If you read answers of both Gaurav Agarwal (AIR 1, 2013) and Tina Dabi (AIR 1, 2015) you will see a stark difference in writing style. Gaurav Agarwal’s answers are very factual, informative, with a lot of detail and barely any deep analysis or sentence/paragraph structuring. He also did not write proper introductions and conclusions. Whereas Tina Dabi’s answers are more holistic, with decent levels of analysis, properly formatted structuring with proper introductions and conclusions while being less data/information heavy. What this implies is that both had different strengths and skills and both played to their strengths and both were rewarded by UPSC equally (with Rank 1). What this also means is that UPSC looks at a certain standard in the answers which should be there in order to get good marks and this standard can be reached through different methods.In the previous era of UPSC exam (read before pattern change in 2013) UPSC used to ask fewer questions and lesser words to write. There was comfortable time pressure and hence it was possible to try and frame answers in the exam hall itself. But after the pattern change, UPSC asks 20-25 questions with 200-250 words to write in each answer. Sure, they emphasise that the content of the answer is more important than its length in the instructions, still you have to think on the spot and create a mental framework for 20-25 questions then and there in the exam hall. And if you don’t practice beforehand and that too intensively, you might need to spend 1-2 mins on creating a framework on each question. That means anywhere between 25-50 mins only on answer framing! So, you are left with very less amount of time to actually write the answer. This is the biggest issue as far as not doing writing practice is concerned.Writing answers also helps in organizing and prioritising your thought process. You learn to put forward what exactly is asked and not what you know. You learn to write meat of the argument and not beat around the bush. Last but not the least writing helps in internalising information and in better retention than only reading.So how does one differentiate oneself in such a fiercely fought competitive exam in which seemingly the best of the minds compete? Here are some pointers:Be Original and write according to your strengths: As I described earlier through the example of Gaurav Agarwal & Tina Dabi, one should write according to the skills one has. So if you can remember a lot of data and facts, try to quote them to enrich your answer. But if you face difficulty in this (as I always did), then try to analyse better. Don’t try to blindly ape others and disregard your interests and competencies.Thoughtful & Innovative Presentation: Everyone knows the same details and information as you do. So if you dump even everything asked by the question, like everyone else, you would not get good marks. Thoughtful Innovation in presentation is the key. What is thoughtful innovation? It is presenting data in graphical form, making flowcharts wherever possible, diagrams etc. But don’t draw a diagram just for the sake of it. Because it seems forced and unnecessary and doesn’t add value to the answer and it even creates a wrong impression.Cater to the demand of the question: Write what is asked and not what you know. This is a very common mistake by the students as in they simply write what they know about a topic and not what is actually asked. For example in 2014 Mains there was a question about Indus Valley civilization in which it was asked that which of the features of IVC have been used in modern day urban planning. Many of the students wrote about general features of IVC whereas the question asked about features which are relevant from modern day urban planning perspective. Actually many students fail to understand the thrust of the question and misinterpret the question leading to the answers going off at a tangent. Moreover there is a tendency in students to write what they know about a topic if they don’t know the specific answer in a hope to get some marks. This is a wrong tendency as UPSC does not award you any marks for superficial or irrelevant information.Proper formatting and structuring of answers: One should write in bullet forms when one is presenting multiple points and in small paragraphs while analyzing issues. It is absolutely not required that you have calligraphic handwriting, but your answer should be legible and properly written. Write in short paragraphs with proper space in between. It makes the answer look more catchy and readable.Enriching the answers: To add value to your answers one should add proper examples, facts and data,one should quote committee reports and supreme court judgements (especially in polity answers), give spatial examples (in Geo), use good vocabulary and quotes (in essay), use thinkers wherever possible (in ethics) etc. The endeavor should be to make the answer rich and holistic.Presenting a balanced point of view: Out of the 20 odd questions in GS papers, UPSC asks a lot of analytical questions where they ask you to comment and present your views. In questions like these one should always present balanced arguments and should not take extreme views. Because a Bureaucrat should be neutral in his views and that’s what they want to see in your answers too.While many people focus on the directives and they are of the opinion that one should adhere scrupulously to the directives (Define, Comment, Discuss etc), I have a different opinion on this. I followed a different approach. What I used to do was to read the question with a keen eye and understand the demand of the question. Most of the time the question itself has enough clues as to what is being asked. In my opinion focusing too much on the directives can be detrimental as it circumscribes the thought process. One should understand the demand and write answers accordingly. Moreover in 200 words it is extremely difficult to organise the answer according to every directive. Also the time pressure is so much that most of the time writing only the required information is difficult let alone writing according to the directives.Importance of Answer Writing Practice:While prelims is only the qualifying exam which separates the grain from the chaff i.e. serious candidates from non-serious candidates, its marks are not added for creating the merit list. Mains exams is worth 1750 marks spanning over 7 papers (4 papers of GS, Two papers of Optional, and 1 paper of Essay). Also, there are two qualifying papers of languages which one must write nonetheless even though their marks are not counted in the final list. Since success in Mains evidently depends on one’s ability to write close to 100 questions and some 24000 words in all the papers it is of absolute necessity that one develops the articulation necessary for writing meaningful, to the point and concise answers.Who should do writing practice?In my opinion. Everyone. You might have been brilliant with writing skills since your childhood and you must have won many accolades for writing essays and everything but UPSC is an entirely different ballgame. Anyone can write a stellar essay if they were given ample time. But writing 4000 words, 20 questions in 3 hours and still maintaining a decent level in all the questions is no mean task. Plus, in addition to being mentally exhausting it can be physically taxing too. So, you need to do adequate writing practice to keep your mental faculties well-oiled and running at optimal efficiency. Although there are people who have good articulation and they can write easily, still they need to do the practice for the reasons mentioned above.How to do writing practice?In my opinion one should write individual questions as well as mock tests. Both serve different purposes and both are important. While a single answer give you time to think and create a mental framework to address a single topic, it fails to address the pressure you will face of writing continuously for 3 hours and 20 questions. So, if writing a single answer is like sprint, writing mock tests are like marathons. And both are important from exam point of view.Process: One should begin by writing answers of previous year question papers. In addition to giving you adequate answer practice they also help you in understanding the exam pattern and the demand of the exam very well. After finishing with previous years’ papers one should move on to writing answers on websites and other sources. As the mains exam approaches one should start taking mock tests and get them evaluated.So, a tentative timeline could be:Every day: Write 1-2 questions and analyse them yourself. If possible show them to seniors and get comments.Immediately After Prelims: Write 4-5 questions/day; Start taking weekly topical mock tests2 months before Mains: Start taking Full Length TestsA week before Mains: Take 3-4 FLTs at the same time when the Mains exam is conducted just to simulate exam conditions.Reviews: are important too. You can create a peer group in which you can discuss your questions and answers and get feedback. Some people also make a summary of their answers and that is also a good idea but it should be very summary and not a full-fledged note. One should also show the answers to seniors and friends you have gotten selected or have good scores in papers. That always helps. Websites are a good source of reviews too.Hype around Answer Writing: How important is answer writing? It IS important but it is not everything as it’s made out to be. It is just a part of the preparation. Moreover, different people have different level of writing skills. So, there are people who have cleared with minimal or even no writing practice at all and on the other hand some people do answer practice round the year. So, you must decide what level you are at and based on that you need to do answer practice.Kindly let me know your views in the comments below.

This is a good question as these two papers are highly scoring. I scored 111 in GS 2 and 130 in GS 3. These scores were definitely one of the highest in both these papers in my attempt.I followed this systematic strategy to prepare myself:Static PortionUse the syllabus to chalk up all the sources for the static portion first. These portions would include topics such as constitution, federal structure, governance, judiciary, RPA and IR topics and many such others.For each of these topics, what I had to do was to collect content through online sources and read various Law commission reports, supreme court cases, Laxmikanth (for some static portions) etc. You can make notes on these or use some ready made sources/books/online sources, I refer to later here.Make sure that your concepts are absolutely clear. Without knowing the background and basic fundamentals, you will not be comfortable even with current affairs questions as UPSC requires some analysis and critical approach to answer writing.For GS 3, relatively lesser number of static topics are there as most of the syllabus is dynamic in nature. There, here focus on current after covering some static portions, as described below.Current PortionThe best sources for current affairs for mains are:Monthly magazines from one of the reliable coaching institutes that provide good quality monthly current affairs. Just pick one of these magazines and cover it properly for both GS 2 and 3 sections.Be sure to supplement your current affairs with the background conceptual readings. For example, if you read about the issue of Triple Talaq case in the Supreme court or about Aadhar ruling by Supreme court made recently, then be sure to pick up the static books and go through the relevant Constitutional articles and old cases Supreme court rulings as well in these. However, don’t do over analysis. Go through only the benchmark rulings and major events.What to ReadGS 2:Laxmikanth for some static portion is useful however the entire book is not necessary at all! In mains, lot of the topics are not covered hence you have to be very careful while reading Laxmikanth for mains (to ensure you don’t waste time). I personally read it only thrice (7–8 hours total) and that too selected chapters.You can refer to my book as well (110+ in GS 2, on amazon). My main aim to launch it was to cover this critical gap for GS 2 in mains and also to provide a comprehensive answer writing approach you can follow. (with over 100 solved answers). I am not trying to sell, but I sincerely do believe it will be helpful for the aspirants as I have put a lot of hard work into it.GS 3:Yojana magazine, selectively read Kurukshetra for rural development and agricultureNITI Aayog reports’ gistEconomic SurveyARCs, 12th Five year plan (I know it ended in 2017, but there is still some really useful content there which is even relevant till 2020).Make sure you do some basic reading (conceptual from the internet) on issues like unemployment, development policy making in India, sustainable development, budget main features, agricultural policy and such others given in the syllabus. This will help you to form points on major issues, solutions etc. in each of those topics.Answer WritingTHIS IS MORE IMPORTANT than reading. I you read well and write even better, it will probably end up getting you more marks than someone who read great but didn’t practice a lot of writing.For this, start writing at least 2 answers per day from online sources (timed) on your own and self-evaluate or use online peer platforms to get them evaluated. Start doing this at least 5–6 months before prelims (but stop 2–3 months before prelims).Then, take full test series after mains. If you have taken test series before prelims itself, just still try to write at least 1–2 questions per day. Daily practice makes a HUGE difference and you will yourself see a considerable difference.Remember, UPSC is looking for both quality AND quantity. So, an answer of 150–200 words is expected.How to Write AnswersTo do this, you have to make up the mind to do a LOT of answer writing practice. This really helps for all the 4 GS papers and is absolutely necessary in order to develop your speed and sharpness of thought and points you present in the answers.Break down the question in 1–3 parts (if required) and tackle each of it. Don’t get caught up in one part of the question and ignore the other. This is critical.It goes without saying that diagrams/tables etc. make a huge difference but do not overdo them. Only use them where they can enhance the quality of the answer and make it easier for examiner to read your copy.A lot more points follow in my book and blog :) Happy reading :)Just wanted to attach cover page of my book :) A lot of hard work and thought went into it. Hope you like it. Please provide feedback :)

I asked something among the lines of this question and I'm going to leave the best of what I got here:What are the most useful gems to use in Rails?Check out the Ruby Toolbox for better feedback:The Ruby Toolbox. But here is a rough list that is collected from Marc Anguera's Github repo and most of the ones I recall to be recommended.Also, to learn more about the following gem, I've made a list of Ruby podcasts that actually talk about some of the following gems in depth:Yad's answer to Are there good alternatives to Ryan Bates' RailsCasts?AbstractionActiveInteraction - Manage application specific business logic.Cells - View Components for RailsInteractor - Interactor provides a common interface for performing complex interactions in a single requestLight Service - Series of Actions with an emphasis on simplicity.Mutations - Compose your business logic into commands that sanitize and validate inputReform - Form objects decoupled from models.Admin Interfaceupmin/upmin-admin-ruby Upmin Admin is a framework for creating powerful Ruby on Rails admin backends with minimal effort.ActiveAdmin - a Ruby on Rails framework for creating elegant backends for website administrationRailsAdmin - A Rails engine that provides an easy-to-use interface for managing your dataAnalyticGabba - Simple way to send server-side notifications to Google Analyticsactivenetwork/gattica Gattica is a Ruby library for talking to the Google Analytics API.Ahoy - A solid foundation to track visits and events in Ruby, JavaScript, and native appsLegato - Model analytics reports and queries against the official Google Analytics Reporting APIAPI BuilderActiveModel::Serializers - JSON serialization of objectsCrêpe - The thin API stackGrape - An opinionated micro-framework for creating REST-like APIs in Rubyjbuilder - Create JSON structures via a Builder-style DSLJSONAPI::Resources - JSONAPI::Resources, or "JR", provides a framework for developing a server that complies with the JSON API specification.Jsonite - A tiny, HAL-compliant JSON presenter for your APIsPliny - Opinionated template Sinatra app for writing excellent APIs in Rubyrabl - General ruby templating with json, bson, xml, plist and msgpack supportRails::API - Rails for API only applicationsRoar - Resource-Oriented Architectures in RubyAssetsLess Rails - The dynamic stylesheet language for the Rails asset pipeline.Less - Leaner CSS, in your browser or Ruby.Sass - Sass makes CSS fun againManagement:Rails Assets - Bundler to Bower proxySprockets - Rack-based asset packaging systemAuthentication and OAuthAuthlogicClearance - Small and simple email & password based authenticaton for RailsDevise - A flexible authentication solution for Rails based on WardenOmniAuth - A library that standardizes multi-provider authentication utilizing Rack middlewareSorcery - Magical Authentication for Rails 3 and 4OAuth:Doorkeeper - An OAuth2 provider for RailsOAuth2 - A Ruby wrapper for the OAuth 2.0 protocolAuthorizationAuthority ORM-neutral way to authorize actions in your Rails app.CanCanCanPundit - Minimal authorization through OO design and pure Ruby classesCachingAction caching for Action Pack - Action caching for Action PackDalli - A high performance pure Ruby client for accessing memcached serversRecord Cache - Cache Active Model Records in Rails 3CLI BuilderCommander - The complete solution for Ruby command-line executablesGLI - Git-Like Interface Command Line ParserMain - A class factory and DSL for generating command line programs real quickRake - A make-like build utility for RubySlop - Simple Lightweight Option ParsingThor - A toolkit for building powerful command-line interfacesCMSAlchemy CMS - A powerful, userfriendly and flexible Open Source Rails CMSLocomotiveCMS - A simple but powerful CMS based on Liquid templates and Mongodb databasePublify - A self hosted Web publishing platform on RailsRadiant - A no-fluff, open source content management system designed for small teamsRefinery CMS - An open source Ruby on Rails content management system for Rails 3 and 4Code Analysis and MetricsBrakeman - A static analysis security vulnerability scanner for Ruby on Rails applications.Flay - Flay analyzes code for structural similarities. Differences in literal values, variable, class, method names, whitespace, programming style, braces vs do/end, etc are all ignored. Making this totally rad.Flog - Flog reports the most tortured code in an easy to read pain report. The higher the score, the more pain the code is in.fukuzatsu - Complexity analysis tool with a rich web front-end.MetricFu - A fist full of code metricsrails_best_practices - A code metric tool for rails projectsReek - Code smell detector for RubyRubocop - A static code analyzer, based on the community Ruby style guide.Rubycritic - A Ruby code quality reporter.SimpleCov - Code coverage for Ruby 1.9+ with a powerful configuration library and automatic merging of coverage across test suites.Coding Style GuidesRails style guide - Community-driven Rails best practices and style for Rails 3 and 4RSpec style guide - Better Specs { rspec guidelines with ruby }Ruby style guide - Community-driven Ruby coding styleConcurrencyCelluloid - Actor-based concurrent object framework for RubyConcurrent Ruby - Modern concurrency tools including agents, futures, promises, thread pools, supervisors, and more. Inspired by Erlang, Clojure, Scala, Go, Java, JavaScript, and classic concurrency patterns.EventMachine - An event-driven I/O and lightweight concurrency library for RubyConfigurationConfigatron - Simple and feature rich configuration system for Ruby appsConfigus - Helps you easily manage environment specific settingsdotenv - Loads environment variables from .envEconfig - Flexible configuration for Rails applicationsFigaro - Simple, Heroku-friendly Rails app configuration using ENV and a single YAML fileGlobal - Provides accessor methods for your configuration dataRailsConfig - Multi-environment yaml settings for Rails3Core ExtensionsActiveSupport - A collection of utility classes and standard library extensions.Ruby Facets - The premiere collection of general purpose method extensions and standard additions for Ruby.AttributesActiveAttr - What ActiveModel left outFastAttributes - FastAttributes adds attributes with their types to the classVirtus - Attributes on Steroids for Plain Old Ruby ObjectsHashHashie - A collection of tools that extend Hashes and make them more usefulCountry DataCarmen - A repository of geographic regionsCountries - All sorts of useful information about every country packaged as pretty little country objectsi18n_data - country/language names and 2-letter-code pairs, in 85 languages, for country/language i18nnormalize_country - Convert country names and codes to a standard, includes a conversion program for XMLs, CSVs and DBsDashboardsDashing-Rails - The exceptionally handsome dashboard framework for Rails.Data VisualizationRailRoady - Ruby on Rails 3/4 model and controller UML class diagram generator.Rails Erd - Generate Entity-Relationship Diagrams for Rails applications.Ruby/GraphViz - Ruby interface to the GraphViz graphing toolDatabase DriversCassandra Driver - A pure ruby driver for Apache Cassandra with asynchronous io and configurable load balancing, reconnection and retry policiesDataObjects - An attempt to rewrite existing Ruby database drivers to conform to one, standard interface.mongo-ruby-driver - MongoDB Ruby drivermoped - A MongoDB driver for Rubymysql2 - A modern, simple and very fast Mysql library for Ruby (binding to libmysql)Redic - Lightweight Redis Clientredis-rb - A Ruby client that tries to match Redis' API one-to-one, while still providing an idiomatic interfaceruby-pg - Ruby interface to PostgreSQL 8.3 and laterSQLite3Database ToolsDatabase Cleaner - Database Cleaner is a set of strategies for cleaning your database in Ruby.PgHero - Postgres insights made easySeed dump - Rails 4 task to dump (parts) of your database to db/seeds.rb.Seed Fu - Advanced seed data handling for Rails.Date and Time Processingbusiness_time - Support for doing time math in business hours and daysChronic - A natural language date/time parser written in pure Rubygroupdate - The simplest way to group temporal data in ActiveRecord, arrays and hashestime-lord - Adds extra functionality to the time classtime_diff - Calculates the difference between two timevalidates_timeliness - Date and time validation plugin for ActiveModel and Railsyymmdd - Tiny DSL for idiomatic date parsing and formattingDebugging ToolsByebug - A simple to use, feature rich debugger for Ruby 2.debugger - A port of ruby-debug that works on 1.9.2 and 1.9.3.DecoratorsDraper - Draper adds an object-oriented layer of presentation logic to your Rails applicationDevOps ToolsBackup - Provides an elegant DSL in Ruby for performing backups on UNIX-like systemsCapistrano - A remote server automation and deployment tool written in RubyChef - A systems integration framework, built to bring the benefits of configuration management to your entire infrastructureLogstash - Logs/event transport, processing, management, searchMina - Really fast deployer and server automation tool.Puppet - An automated administrative engine for your Linux, Unix, and Windows systems, performs administrative tasks (such as adding users, installing packages, and updating server configurations) based on a centralized specificationRubber - The rubber plugin enables relatively complex multi-instance deployments of RubyOnRails applications to Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).DocumentationAsciidoctor - A fast, Ruby-based text processor & publishing toolchain for converting AsciiDoc to HTML5, DocBook, EPUB3, PDF & more.grape-swagger - Add swagger compliant documentation to your Grape APIInch - Inch is a documentation measurement and evalutation tool for Ruby code, based on YARDRDoc - RDoc produces HTML and command-line documentation for Ruby projectsYARD - YARD enables the user to generate consistent, usable documentation that can be exported to a number of formats very easilyE-Commerce and PaymentsActive Merchant - A simple payment abstraction library extracted from ShopifyPaypal Merchant SDK - Official Paypal Merchant SDK for RubyPiggybak - Modular, Extensible open-source ecommerce solution for Ruby on RailsROR EcommerceShoppe - A Rails-based e-commerce platform which allows you to easily introduce a catalogue-based store into your Rails 4 applicationsSpreestripe-ruby - Stripe Ruby bindingsEbookBookshop - Bookshop is a an open-source agile book development and publishing framework for authors, editors.Eeepub - EeePub is a Ruby ePub generator.Gepub - A generic EPUB library for Ruby : supports EPUB 3Git Scribe - Basically the best way to write an ebook.Mobi - A Ruby way to read MOBI format metadataReview - Re:VIEW is flexible document format/conversion systemEmailIncoming - Incoming! helps you receive email in your Rack appsLetterOpener - Preview mail in the browser instead of sending.Mail - A Really Ruby Mail LibraryMailCatcher - Catches mail and serves it through a dreamMailman - An incoming mail processing microframework in RubyPony - The express way to send mail from RubyEnvironment Managementchgems - Chroot for RubyGemschruby - Change your current Ruby. No shims, no crazy options or features, ~90 LOCfry - Simple ruby version manager for fishgem_home - A tool for changing your $GEM_HOMErbenv - Use rbenv to pick a Ruby version for your application and guarantee that your development environment matches productionruby-build - Compile and install Rubyruby-install - Installs Ruby, JRuby, Rubinius, MagLev or MRubyRVM - RVM is a command-line tool which allows you to easily install, manage, and work with multiple ruby environments from interpreters to sets of gemsError HandlingAirbrake - The official Airbrake library for Ruby on Rails (and other Rack based frameworks)Better Errors - Better error page for Rack appsErrbit - The open source, self-hosted error catcherException Notification - A set of notifiers for sending notifications when errors occur in a Rack/Rails applicationNesty - Nested exceptions for RubyRaven Ruby - Raven is a Ruby client for Sentry.File UploadCarrierWave - Classier solution for file uploads for Rails, Sinatra and other Ruby web frameworksDragonFly - A Ruby gem for on-the-fly processing - suitable for image uploading in Rails, Sinatra and much more!PaperClip - Easy file attachment management for ActiveRecordrack-secure-upload - Upload files securelyForm BuilderAbracadabra - The gem that swaps out text with a fully-compliant Rails form in one clickFormtastic - A Rails form builder plugin with semantically rich and accessible markupRails Bootstrap Forms - Rails form builder that makes it super easy to create beautiful-looking forms with Twitter Bootstrap 3+Simple Form - Rails forms made easyGame DevelopmentGosu - A 2D game development library for the Ruby and C++ programming languagesYeah - Practical Ruby video game frameworkGeolocationGeocoder - A complete geocoding solution for Ruby. With Rails it adds geocoding (by street or IP address), reverse geocoding (find street address based on given coordinates), and distance queriesGeokit - Geokit gem provides geocoding and distance/heading calculationsHTTPexcon - Usable, fast, simple Ruby HTTP 1.1. It works great as a general HTTP(s) client and is particularly well suited to usage in API clients.FaradayHttp Client - Gives something like the functionality of libwww-perl (LWP) in Rubyhttp - The HTTP Gem: a simple Ruby DSL for making HTTP requests.httpartyPatron - Patron is a Ruby HTTP client library based on libcurl.RESTClient - Simple HTTP and REST client for Ruby, inspired by microframework syntax for specifying actionsSavon - Savon is a SOAP client for the Ruby programming language.Sawyer - Secret user agent of HTTP, built on top of FaradayTyphoeus - Typhoeus wraps libcurl in order to make fast and reliable requestsImageryMiniMagick - A ruby wrapper for ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick command linePSD.rb - Parse Photoshop files in Ruby with easeRMagick - RMagick is an interface between Ruby and ImageMagickSkeptick - Skeptick is an all-purpose DSL for building and running ImageMagick commands.Internationalizationi18n-tasks - Manage missing and unused translations with the awesome power of static analysisi18n - Ruby Internationalization and localization solutionr18n - Advanced i18n library for Rails, Sinatra, desktop apps, models, works well with complex languages like Russian.twitter-cldr-rb - Ruby implementation of the ICU (International Components for Unicode) that uses the Common Locale Data Repository to format dates, plurals, and moreLoggingCabin - Structured+contextual logging experiments in Ruby.Fluentd - Fluentd collects events from various data sources and writes them to files, database or other types of storagesHttpLog - Log outgoing HTTP requests.Log4r - Log4r is a comprehensive and flexible logging library for use in Ruby programsLogging - A flexible logging library for use in Ruby programs based on the design of Java's log4j library.Lograge - An attempt to tame Rails' default policy to log everything.MongoDB Logger - MongoDB logger for RailsScrolls - Simple loggingYell - Your Extensible Logging LibraryMachine LearningPredictionIO Ruby SDK - The PredictionIO Ruby SDK provides a convenient API to quickly record your users' behavior and retrieve personalized predictions for themRuby Datumbox Wrapper - It's a simple Ruby Datumbox Wrapper. At the moment the API currently allows you to build applications that make use of machine learning algorithms.Markdown Processorskramdown - Kramdown is yet-another-markdown-parser but fast, pure Ruby, using a strict syntax definition and supporting several common extensionsMaruku - A pure-Ruby Markdown-superset interpreterRedcarpet - A fast, safe and extensible Markdown to (X)HTML parserMiscAASM - A library for adding finite state machines to Ruby classesAXLSX - An excel xlsx generation libraryBetty - Friendly English-like interface for your command line. Don't remember a command? Ask BettyForeman - Manage Procfile-based applicationsGollum - A simple, Git-powered wiki with a sweet API and local frontend.Guard - A command line tool to easily handle events on file system modificationsJsonCompare - Returns the difference between two JSON filesplay ► - Your company's djPry Debugger - Pry navigation commands via debugger (formerly ruby-debug)Pry - A powerful alternative to the standard IRB shell for Rubypygments.rb - A Ruby wrapper for the Python pygments syntax highlighterRuby Operators - A webpage showing awesome names for different Ruby operators.Termit - Google Translate with speech synthesis in your terminalTreetop - PEG (Parsing Expression Grammar) parserYomu - Read text and metadata from files and documents (.doc, .docx, .pages, .odt, .rtf, .pdf)Mobile DevelopmentRuboto - A platform for developing full stand-alone apps for Android using the Ruby language and librariesRubyMotion - A revolutionary toolchain that lets you quickly develop and test native iOS and OS X applications for iPhone, iPad and MacMoneyeu_central_bank - A gem that calculates the exchange rate using published rates from European Central BankMoney - A Ruby Library for dealing with money and currency conversionNatural Language ProcessingTreat - Treat is a toolkit for natural language processing and computational linguistics in RubyORM/ODMActiveRecordDataMapper - ORM which works well with legacy databases. Last release (1.2.0) was on 13 October 2011.Guacamole - An ODM for ArangoDBMongoid - An ODM (Object-Document-Mapper) framework for MongoDB in RubyMongoMapperMongoModel - Ruby ODM for interfacing with MongoDB databasesohm - Object-hash mapping library for RedisSequel - Sequel is a simple, flexible, and powerful SQL database access toolkit for RubyORM/ODM ExtensionsMongoid Tree - A tree structure for Mongoid documents using the materialized path patternPackage ManagementGemsBundler - Manage your application's gem dependencies with less painRubyGems - Community's gem hosting servicePackages and ApplicationsBerkshelf - A Chef Cookbook managerCocoaPods - The Objective-C dependency managerfpm - Effing package management! Build packages for multiple platforms (deb, rpm, etc) with great ease and sanityHomebrew-cask - a CLI workflow for the administration of Mac applications distributed as binariesHomebrew - The missing package manager for OS XPaginationKaminari - A Scope & Engine based, clean, powerful, customizable and sophisticated paginator for modern web app frameworks and ORMswill_paginate - A pagination library that integrates with Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, Merb, DataMapper and SequelPDFGimli - Utility for converting markup files to pdf files.Kitabu - A framework for creating e-books from Markdown/Textile text markup using Ruby.Pdfkit - HTML+CSS to PDF using wkhtmltopdfPrawn - Fast, Nimble PDF Writer for RubyRGhost - RGhost is a document creation and conversion API.Shrimp - A phantomjs based pdf rendererWicked Pdf - PDF generator (from HTML) plugin for Ruby on RailsWisepdf - Wkhtmltopdf wrapper done rightProcess MonitoringBluepill - Simple process monitoring toolGod - An easy to configure, easy to extend monitoring framework written in RubyProcesses and ThreadsParallel - Run any code in parallel Processes (> use all CPUs) or Threads (> speedup blocking operations). Best suited for map-reduce or e.g. parallel downloads/uploadschildprocess - Cross-platform ruby library for managing child processes.forkoff - brain-dead simple parallel processing for rubyposix-spawn - Fast Process::spawn for Rubys >= 1.8.7 based on the posix_spawn() system interfacesProfilerbullet - Help to kill N+1 queries and unused eager loadingPeek - Visual status bar showing Rails performanceperftools.rb - gperftools (formerly known as google-perftools) for Ruby coderack-mini-profiler - Profiler for your development and production Ruby rack appsruby-prof - A code profiler for MRI rubiesQueueactive_job - Declare job classes that can be run by a variety of queueing backendsDelayed::Job - Database backed asynchronous priority queueResque - A Redis-backed Ruby library for creating background jobsSidekiq - A full-featured background processing framework for Ruby. It aims to be simple to integrate with any modern Rails application and much higher performance than other existing solutions.Sucker Punch - A single process background processing library using Celluloid. Aimed to be Sidekiq's little brother.RoboticsArtoo - Next generation robotics framework with support for different platforms: Arduino, Leap Motion, Pebble, Raspberry Pi, etc.RSSFeed normalizer - Extensible Ruby wrapper for Atom and RSS parsers.Feedjira - A feed fetching and parsing library.Ratom - A fast, libxml based, Ruby Atom library.Simple rss - A simple, flexible, extensible, and liberal RSS and Atom reader.SchedulingClockwork - Clockwork is a cron replacement. It runs as a lightweight, long-running Ruby process which sits alongside your web processes (Mongrel/Thin) and your worker processes (DJ/Resque/Minion/Stalker) to schedule recurring work at particular times or dates.resque-scheduler - A light-weight job scheduling system built on top of Resquerufus-scheduler - Job scheduler for Ruby (at, cron, in and every jobs)Whenever - A Ruby gem that provides a clear syntax for writing and deploying cron jobsSearchattr_searchable - Search engine like fulltext query support for ActiveRecordelasticsearch-rubyhas_scope - Has scope allows you to easily create controller filters based on your resources named scopes.pg_search - Builds ActiveRecord named scopes that take advantage of PostgreSQL's full text searchransack - Object-based searching.Rroonga - The Ruby bindings of GroongaSearchkick - Searchkick learns what your users are looking for. As more people search, it gets smarter and the results get better. It’s friendly for developers - and magical for your users.Searchlogic - Object based searching, common named scopes, and other useful named scope tools for ActiveRecordSunspot - A Ruby library for expressive, powerful interaction with the Solr search engineThinking Sphinx - A library for connecting ActiveRecord to the Sphinx full-text search toolSEOFriendlyId - The "Swiss Army bulldozer" of slugging and permalink plugins for Active RecordMetaTags - A gem to make your Rails application SEO-friendlySitemapGenerator - A framework-agnostic XML Sitemap generator written in RubySocial NetworkingCampo - Campo is a lightweight forum application, base on Ruby on Rails.diaspora* - A privacy aware, distributed, open source social networkDiscourse - A platform for community discussion. Free, open, simpleForem - Rails 3 and Rails 4 forum engineState MachinesAASM - State machines for Ruby classes (plain Ruby, Rails Active Record, Mongoid)simple_states - A super-slim statemachine-like support libraryStatesman - A statesmanlike state machine libraryWorkflow - A finite-state-machine-inspired API for modeling and interacting with what we tend to refer to as 'workflow'Static Site GenerationHigh Voltage - Easily include static pages in your Rails appJekyll - Transform your plain text into static websites and blogsMiddleman - A static site generator using all the shortcuts and tools in modern web developmentNanoc - A static site generator, fit for building anything from a small personal blog to a large corporate web siteTemplate EngineCurly - A template language that completely separates structure and logicHaml - HTML Abstraction Markup LanguageLiquid - Safe, customer facing template language for flexible web appsMustache - Logic-less Ruby templatesSlim - A template language whose goal is reduce the syntax to the essential parts without becoming crypticTilt - Generic interface to multiple Ruby template enginesTestingFrameworksRSpec - Behaviour Driven Development for RubyFormattersEmoji-RSpec - Custom Emoji Formatters for RSpecFuubar - The instafailing RSpec progress bar formatterNyan Cat - Nyan Cat inspired RSpec formatter!Bacon - A small RSpec cloneCapybara - Acceptance test framework for web applicationsCucumber - BDD that talks to domain experts first and code secondCutest - Isolated tests in RubyKonacha - Test your Rails application's JavaScript with the mocha test framework and chai assertion libraryminitest - minitest provides a complete suite of testing facilities supporting TDD, BDD, mocking, and benchmarkingRR - A test double framework that features a rich selection of double techniques and a terse syntaxshoulda-matchers - Provides Test::Unit- and RSpec-compatible one-liners that test common Rails functionality. These tests would otherwise be much longer, more complex, and error-prone.Spinach - Spinach is a high-level BDD framework that leverages the expressive Gherkin language (used by Cucumber) to help you define executable specifications of your application or library's acceptance criteria.Spork - A DRb server for testing frameworks (RSpec / Cucumber currently)Test::Unit - Test::Unit is a xUnit family unit testing framework for RubyFake DataFabrication - A simple and powerful object generation libraryfactory_girl - A library for setting up Ruby objects as test datafaker - A library for generating fake data such as names, addresses, and phone numbers.ffaker - A faster Faker, generates dummy data, rewrite of faker.Forgery - Easy and customizable generation of forged data.Machinist - Fixtures aren't fun. Machinist isMockActiveMocker - Generate mocks from ActiveRecord models for unit tests that run fast because they don’t need to load Rails or a database.TestXml - TestXml is a small extension for testing XML/HTML.WebMock - Library for stubbing and setting expectations on HTTP requestsWebDriversSelenium WebDriver - This gem provides Ruby bindings for WebDriver.Watir - Web application testing in RubyExtraAppraisal - Appraisal integrates with bundler and rake to test your library against different versions of dependenciesRuby-JMeter - A Ruby based DSL for building JMeter test plansSpring - Preloads your rails environment in the background for faster testing and Rake taskstimecop - Provides "time travel" and "time freezing" capabilities, making it dead simple to test time-dependent codevcr - Record your test suite's HTTP interactions and replay them during future test runs for fast, deterministic, accurate testsThird-party APIsdatabasedotcom - Ruby client for the Salesforce's Welcome to the world’s most trusted and secure cloud database, salesforce.com. - Salesforce.com and Chatter APIsDropbox - Dropbox API Ruby Client.facy - Command line power tool for facebookfb_graph - A full-stack Facebook Graph API wrapperflickr - A Ruby interface to the Flickr APIgitlab - Ruby wrapper and CLI for the GitLab APIgmail - A Rubyesque interface to Gmail, with all the tools you'll need.hipchat-rb - HipChat HTTP API Wrapper in Ruby with Capistrano hooksinstagram-ruby-gem - The official gem for the Instagram REST and Search APIsitunes_store_transporter - Ruby wrapper around Apple's iTMSTransporter programlinkedin - Provides an easy-to-use wrapper for LinkedIn's REST APIsOctokit - Ruby toolkit for the GitHub APIPusher - Ruby server library for the Pusher API.ruby-gmail - A Rubyesque interface to Gmailruby-trello - Implementation of the Trello API for Rubysoundcloud-ruby - Official SoundCloud API Wrapper for Rubyt - A command-line power tool for Twittertweetstream - A simple library for consuming Twitter's Streaming APItwitter - A Ruby interface to the Twitter APIwikipedia - Ruby client for the Wikipedia API.youtube_it - An object-oriented Ruby wrapper for the YouTube GData APIYt - An object-oriented Ruby client for YouTube API V3VideoStreamio FFMPEG - Simple yet powerful wrapper around the ffmpeg command for reading metadata and transcoding moviesWeb Crawlinganemone - Ruby library and CLI for crawling websites.LinkThumbnailer - Ruby gem that generates thumbnail images and videos from a given URL. Much like popular social website with link preview.Mechanize - Mechanize is a ruby library that makes automated web interaction easy.MetaInspector - Ruby gem for web scraping purposes. It scrapes a given URL, and returns you its title, meta description, meta keywords, an array with all the links, all the images in it, etc.Upton - A batteries-included framework for easy web-scraping. Just add CSS! (Or do more.)Wombat - Web scraper with an elegant DSL that parses structured data from web pagesWeb FrameworksCamping - A web microframework which consistently stays at less than 4kB of codeCuba - A microframework for web developmentLotus - It aims to bring back Object Oriented Programming to web development, leveraging on a stable API, a minimal DSL, and plain objects.Padrino - A full-stack ruby framework built upon SinatraPakyow - A framework for building modern, realtime web-apps in Ruby. It helps you build working software faster with a development process that's friendly to both designers and developersRamaze - A simple, light and modular open-source web application framework written in RubyRoda - A routing tree web frameworkRuby on Rails - A web-application framework that includes everything needed to create database-backed web applications according to the Model-View-Controller (MVC) patternSinatra - Classy web-development dressed in a DSLVolt - A Ruby web framework where your ruby code runs on both the server and the clientWeb ServersGoliath - A non-blocking Ruby web server frameworkPhusion Passenger - Fast and robust web server and application serverPuma - A modern, concurrent web server for RubyRack - A common Ruby web server interface. By itself, it's just a specification and utility library, but all Ruby web servers implement this interfaceThin - Tiny, fast & funny HTTP serverUnicorn - Rack HTTP server for fast clients and UnixWebSocketFaye - A set of tools for simple publish-subscribe messaging between web clients. It ships with easy-to-use message routing servers for Node.js and Rack applications, and clients that can be used on the server and in the browser.Firehose - Build realtime Ruby web applicationsRails Realtime - Adding Real-Time To Your RESTful Rails App.Sync - Real-time Rails PartialsWebsocket-Rails - Creates a built in WebSocket server inside a Rails application with ease. Also support streaming HTTP