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I assume you mean shipping your own cargo and not receiving purchases from a retailer. The post below will touch on both sides. As I understand it, there are a few tiers of shipping. Parcel, less than truckload (LTL) and truckload (TL / FTL). Each of those in turn can also go international which adds some complexity and middlemen.PARCELConsumers are most familiar with this tier. These players carry small to medium sized packages up to 150 lbs. There are size restrictions as well.TraditionalTraditional players include UPS, FedEx, DHL, USPS. There are regional last-mile players such as LaserShip, OnTrac, Eastern Connection. As more retailers drive down delivery times, more and more packages have been directed through the regional players.Amazon is testing its own service, piggybacking off of their AmazonFresh service: Amazon, in Threat to UPS, Tries Its Own Deliveries. They've also gone and leased a few cargo planes to support their parcel operations: Amazon lines up fleet of Boeing jets to build its own air-cargo network. This move is in the guise of a private fleet supporting their own delivery operations and possibly their Amazon Marketplace deliveries, but are unlikely to be sold as a service for other retailers (yet).Shyp (Shyp | The easiest way to ship anything.) frontend side of consumer parcel shipping, picks up your item and figures out which of the traditional players to ship with.ShipBob (Chicago - Forget Going To FedEx, UPS or USPS), same model as Shyp.Uber for ParcelNew entrants based on the Uber model are below, they are basically the modern-day version of bike messengers. No reason why Lyft, Sidecar, FlyWheel and everyone else that does some sort of livery / delivery can't get in on the action. You can sort of split them up between local and regional.Local Players / Last Mile Players:UberRUSH in NYC (Announcing UberRush | NYC Courier Service)UberRUSH API (A Custom Delivery Solution, Powered By UberRUSH ), this in my mind will likely take out all other entrants in the local delivery market.Amazon Flex (Be Your Own Boss. Great Earnings. Flexible Hours.), Amazon’s take on it. Recently got something delivered by a Flex worker and asked to take a look at the app. Looks pretty polish, standard dispatch type app.Postmates (Ride or Drive with Postmates)Homer (Homer Logistics) instead of contractors, they hire full time employees and give them equity. Interesting take, unsure how that scales. Homer Logistics Aims to Make Delivery Good for Workers and BusinessDeliv (Same-Day Delivery Service - Deliv) white-labeled last mile delivery for B&M retailersDoorman (Evening On-Demand Package Delivery) a unique take on last mile parcelDoorDash (DoorDash Food Delivery | Restaurant Delivery), nice article on them: DoorDash Wants to Own the Last Mile — BackchannelWunWun (Wunwun Jobs) Ac-hired by Alfred. Founder started Darkstore, distributed 3PL?Blackbox (Blackbox), from the creators of CAH. Seems like a 3PL fulfillment service for parcels.AxleHire (The startup that facilitates deliveries for HelloFresh in SF and LA raises $4.3 million) last-mile delivery.Delivery Cube (Welcome to Delivery Cube) paused their logistics operation to focus on their technology. Seems similar to Onfleet now (Onfleet - Delightful Delivery Management Software).EasyVan / Lalamove (Asia Play: Professional Delivery On Demand for Business) raised an additional $10m recently On-demand logistics startup Lalamove raises $10M more in push for profitabilityGoGoVan (Asia Play: GoGoVan - GET YOUR STUFF MOVING) raised about $30m in funding.Regional Players:PiggyBack (piggyback)Roadie (Roadie App Wants To Help Shlep Your Stuff Faster Than UPS) Roadie closes $15M Series B to help you transport the creepy mannequin collection you hide from your friendsLTL (LESS THAN TRUCKLOAD)The following are Uber-like in terms of being on-demand but once you move out of parcel, few regular Joes own the equipment to properly move these larger loads. So in a sense, it's Uber-like not in terms of UberX but in terms of UberBlack / UberTaxi. The supply side is usually made of professionals. No point in naming legacy players here. Market is somewhat fragmented if you look at the new players. But if you are looking at the legacy providers such as YRC, Estes Express, R&L, few nationwide LTL providers dominate the market but not to the same degree as the intermodal or parcel space.Newish Players:uShip (Ship Freight, Furniture, Cars or Moves) seems to be the most well-known player here. As a marketplace / load board, they actually cover everything. But their bread and butter seems to be LTL.ShipHawk (https://shiphawk.com/business-solutions) seems to cater to retailers but they can handle individuals as well.Cargomatic (Cargomatic) recently raised a round, looks like the most focused LTL load board of the group. They are also closest to an Uber-like offering as in they seem to try to fill excess capacity in the system. However it looks like they may be running into some difficulties: Cargomatic, an 'Uber for truckers' with high-profile VC investment, laid off 50% of its staffLoadDelivered (Chicago Freight Broker & Logistics Services Provider) tech-enabled broker? Don’t see anything regarding their tech though.CaseStack (CaseStack Cloud Services) asset-based tech-enabled 3PL?Pivot Freight (Pivot Freight | Web-based TMS freight software) a dashboard utility where you can plug in your existing contract rates with your LTL carriers and by chance your pre-existing LTL carriers can't move a load, they can match you with another carrier already on their system. Things blur here between entrants that can actually move your freight via contracted carriers and software analytics plays like Pivot Freight.UberCargo / UberVan (UberCARGO: A Reliable Ride For Your Items) like UberRUSH is more of a local offering. Probably more related to Lugg below than the offerings above.Lugg (Lugg - Your on-demand mover) focused mainly on furniture moving. Had some experience with them, loved the service. Founder is a true hustler. Wish him well. Have used Lugg a number of times for our office and personal moves, software is lacking some major features and experience still requires quite a bit of human intervention but every Lugger moving for them have been great to work with.Fleetzen (Fleetzen) similar to Lugg, above.Cainiao (菜鸟网络 - 大数据 社会化协同物流平台) unsure where to put these guys, they are basically a tech-enabled asset-based 3PL, a total 180 from every other player on this list except Amazon (who has gone out and purchased / leased their own delivery assets and warehouses). They have their eyes set on the global market. Alibaba-backed logistics firm Cainiao lands funding at a reported $7.7B valuationFTL / TL (FULL TRUCKLOAD)Full truckload is littered with attempts at an Uber-like model. A few legacy load boards dominate the space trying to match supply and demand. But there is so much noise and scams, everyone that uses them aren't happy and try to avoid them at all costs.Newer players have largely stalled, Open Mile was a well funded early attempt but they ran into barriers and chose to sell to a legacy broker, Echo. Of all the ones listed below, TruckerPath was dominant via their PR and fundraising, at least on the supply side a year or two ago. No idea how they are doing w/ the demand side. They just got bought out by their main investor, Ren Ren.Existing load boards are more or less just outlets for PostEverywhere (Reach Trucking Companies and Owner Operators), they have a long list of load boards that uses their data feed. ITS and DAT will be the other large legacy players.Open Mile (Truckload Freight Rates & Quotes From Open Mile) raised substantial funds a few years ago and were acqhired by Echo Global Logistics, a traditional / legacy broker in the space.Over-Haul (Overhaul | A Commercial Trucking Online Marketplace Driven by Trust): Very interesting play on the Uber for freight idea by an industry veteran. Overhaul: Don’t call it 'Uber for trucking'Transfix (Transfix) got some recent press: Transfix Brings the Uber Model to the $800 Billion Trucking Industry, raised a $12m Series A: Long-Haul Trucking Startup Transfix Lands $12 Million Series A and a $22m Series B led by NEA: Transfix Raises $22M Series B to Disrupt Freight Brokering; Led by NEA. Overtakes TruckerPath in terms of how much they’ve raised. Interested to see how they spend this war chest. Outright marketing to acquire the supply side?Convoy (Page on convoy.com) raised three rounds from notable investors, among them Bezos, Benioff, Gates, Greylock and most recently YC. The last investor is important in that I’m assuming they must have learned something from their failed Keychain seed investment. Similar to Cargomatic, a regional player who is now expanding nationally after the YC-led round. Arrived on the scene guns blazing stating that they are going to take out the brokers. Similar story to most of the other Uber for * on this list. One of the things that standout here is that they secured a deal w/ Unilever, something that previous Uber for freight ideas struggled w/ (securing large repeatable demand volume). It remains to be seen where they fall on Unilever’s routing guide. It could be a similar story to Open Mile where they secured contracts but failed to see any shipments go their way because they were so low on the routing guide. Convoy, A Smart Logistics Service For Regional Trucking Businesses, Raises $2.5M and Convoy Sees Itself as the Uber of Local Trucking.Amazon (Amazon is secretly building an 'Uber for trucking' app, setting its sights on a massive $800 billion market) covered above in parcel, but this is the clearest shot at the truckload market. For a variety of reasons, likely to succeed where others have failed because they can guarantee demand where no one else can. They are also biting off a huge chunk, incorporating many benefits such as TruckerPath, payments into one solution. WITH DEMAND in tow. Curious as to how this affects Bezos’ investment in Convoy.Uber: (https://freight.uber.com/) Mentioned elsewhere on this list via their region specific UberCargo or their purchase of Otto. Uber’s brand and clout can probably take them further than the other plays, enough to offset “broker relationships”. W/ Otto providing AI driving to carrier partners, this could get around the incoming HOS ELD ruling coming into play at the end of 2017. Their initial niche should probably be time sensitive shipments. But w/o adopting Otto technology (which doesn’t look like the case), they’ll be relegated to a software-enabled freight broker. Great for tracking / visibility. Also w/ their war chest they’ll be able to attract truckers w/ their quick payment. But the question remains the same… how do you drive demand?Cargo Chief (Cargo Chief | Shipping Made Easy) don't really know much about them. They seem to be a tech-enabled broker. Similar to Flexport but just for OTR. They are making decent revenue on their brokerage operations, don’t think their TMS product has done all too well. Most recently, they jettisoned the brokerage operation, focused on just the TMS a bit, now it sounds like they’ve pivoted to just focus on carrier selection / capacity management? Word on the street is that they are shutting down.Keychain Logistics (Keychain Logistics): Folded. Have met plenty of engineers / designers that used to work there, haven't met anyone that is still there. Looks like YC has moved onto Convoy.Dispatcher (Dispatcher, Inc.): I think they started out w/ the Uber for freight model and have since pivoted into a TMS for shippers? Site is down, acq-hired by Uber.Loadsmart (Loadsmart): Uber for freight.Intrans (Page on intrans.com): May have folded, nothing on their site.DashHaul (Home - DashHaul)Convargo (Convargo) France’s Convargo wants to connect shippers with truckers, another entrant, this time based out of France. Impressive investors from the industry.Traansmission (Traansmission) started by a fellow Tartan! Went from getting rid of the broker to building tools for brokers. Looks more like a shipper TMS, funneling all carrier relationships into a portal, unsure of traction. As of late, they seem to have become a TMS for carriers.TruckerPath (Trucker Path, innovations in the trucking industry) started out as a social app / directory + map app for truckers, good model to onboard the supply side. Unsure how they are going to onboard the demand side. Raised $20mn Trucker Path Raises $20M To Claim The Uber For Truckers Moniker. From pure fundraising and supply side numbers, the current leader. Unsure what their strategy is to acquire the demand side. They started factoring. Acquired by RenRen.Dray (Welcome to Dray) not much information on them. Looks like they pivoted to Parade.ai.Turvo (Turvo) not much information on them. Very interesting play focusing on the TMS. Raised a large round right off the bat. Their network will help them get their initial pilots through.CargoX (CargoX | Transportadora Carga Fechada) Brazil-based. Raised $14m from notable investors: Goldman Sachs leads $10M investment in Brazilian trucking startup CargoX.Huochebang (物流QQ|货车帮 中国公路物流基础设施) one of apparently 200 Uber-for freight applications in China. They’ve been valued at over $1 billion. Interestingly enough, their main revenue might not be from taking a cut of each load moved. “The company processes as much as $120 million in shipping fees daily and has about 1,000 service centers sprinkled across China supporting drivers.” “Unlike Uber, which takes a cut from every ride, Huochebang makes money primarily from selling toll cards, taking a cut from the card top-ups, and helping truckers with financing.”INTERNATIONAL / INTERMODALIf you go international you have to deal with customs and a lot more intermediaries. For that, the following are available.Flexport (Freight Forwarding and Customs Brokerage) a tech-enabled licensed customs broker trying to get it all digital. Hustling and by the book. Really impressed w/ Ryan and what he’s done. Seems to have gotten the most funding in this space and best press. Clients have told me they do really well on the China > U.S. lane but don’t have much presence in other lanes. Still heavily operational which makes sense for now in this industry. Recently acquired warehouse space near ports (but some customers now complain it takes longer for their containers to move through the drayage process, as if they are trying to slow things down and then upsell expedited drayage services). Also leased a plane to guarantee capacity during the holiday season.FreightHub (FreightHub, a European ‘digital freight forwarder’, scores $20M Series A) European version of Flexport. Unsure if they have their own assets.iContainer (International Shipping Online, Ocean freight & Air Freight | iContainers) located in Florida / Spain, $9m in funding.Xeneta (Xeneta Home - Are you paying the right ocean freight rates?) based in Norway, $8.5m in funding.Fleet (Get Quotes for Your Ocean & Air Shipping Needs, formerly Shipstr) announced a while back, perhaps prematurely, is still getting its act together. Unlike Flexport, they are going to be a directory / marketplace to match you up with a broker, possibly Flexport.Kontainers (Instant Rate, Instant shipping, Try the easiest way to ship your next containers) UK playerHaven (Haven) beautifully designed marketing site. Raised a total of $14 million so far. Looks like a more automated competitor to Flexport. Unsure if thats the way to go. Think they are ingesting a ton of data and offering analytics for pricing comparisons. Have also been told they might be trying to offer a supply chain audit / transparency product, heavily reliant of manifests / bill of ladings.Shipwise (Shipwise · Streamlined Internation Freight and Supply Chain Solution) Know nothing about these guys...OMVS (On the Move Systems) public, but have never heard of these guys...Eyes on Freight (Home - Eyes On Freight) just sounds like a freight forwarder on the web? Except they don't own any relationships, they just make intros?ADJACENT COMPANIESDon’t want to dive too deep into these adjacent companies because it strays from the original question, but thought they were interesting enough to include here.FourKites (Page on fourkites.com): Interesting play, pushing tracking on drivers no matter what type of phones they are using. Leveraging the demand side to onboard the supply side and in turn trying to take advantage of backhauls (capacity on the way back). That is the original promise of all load boards which is to fill those backhauls. Lost in litigation to MacroPoint, pivoted away from cell tracking to integration w/ ELDs which MacroPoint is also moving into.MacroPoint (MacroPoint | Automated Track & Trace for Brokers & Shippers): This isn't a load board play, but interesting tech. Popping it in here to couple it w/ FourKites. Looks like there was litigation between the two. MacroPoint seems to have come out on top. As of now, think they are the only ones doing cell triangulation for load tracking, but once ELDs are fully implemented in late 2017, that won't be required so they’ve already moved into integrating with a bunch of ELDs. Was told they might have licensed the tech from others vs building in house. Acquired by Descartes.Starsky Robotics (Starsky Robotics) Most of the truck manufacturers have self-driving programs of their own. Looks like this independent shop is picking up where Otto left off. These Truckers Work Alongside the Coders Trying to Eliminate Their Jobs10–4 (Home) Fleet management / tracking, possibly similar to FourKites / Macropoint above. Unsure about txt capability.Project 44 (project44) replacing EDI?Realine (http://realine.net/) replacing EDI?Farewell (Farewell — Tech specs) TMS? This is a whole other list we can get into…Onfleet (Onfleet - Delightful Delivery Management Software) dispatch softwareOtto (Home) self-driving trucks! They design an add-on system to retrofit regular semis. Agreed that the automated technology will likely come to trucking first. Imagine a pilot in a plane, that’s what will happen to trucking in the near term. Driver kicks back for the long-haul but once the truck enters an urban center for the final miles of a delivery, driver takes control again. Eventually that model should give way to fully automated trucks. Plenty of truck manufacturers are working on this too. Uber acquired them to apply their tech to cars, but to also enter the Uber for freight sector. Unsure where the tech will go as they’ve been embroiled in legal issues with Waymo.Flexe (FLEXE: The Marketplace for Warehouse Space) E-commerce, decline of brick & mortar retail, warehousing space getting tight and rates going through the roof, raised expectations driven by Amazon have all changed the game of final mile logistics. This is one of the more interesting plays that I’ve seen. Idea isn’t new as people have pointed out, it’s based off AirBnb… VRBO’s model. But finding extra space not at traditional warehouses but in other industries, that’s brilliant.Stord (Stord, On-Demand Flexible Warehousing - Fast, Easy, Convenient) similar to Flexe.PARTING THOUGHTSAny basic research in the industry will reveal that there is indeed a massive problem of inefficiency. Getting everyone together, getting people to adopt technology, to change their behavior is a tough barrier to overcome. The technology isn't too hard. But getting to know the industry and how to move away all the constituents from their institutionalized behavior... that's the challenge. As the popular saying goes, everyone in the industry is very efficient at their inefficient processes.As current drivers, dispatch, warehouse, accounting teams retire and younger employees take their place, technology adoption naturally picks up. In addition, regulation and economic factors will force the adoption of technology just to stay in business or to be competitive.ArticlesFreightOS published a "comprehensive" list of tech companies in the logistics space, worth the read: The Ultimate List of Top Logistics Startups - Blog.Another write-up of logistics startups: 30 Logistics Startups You Should Know – Tradecraft – MediumThe Economist gives a good breakdown on how some of the companies are doing in this space: The appy truckerFor other technology plays in freight logistics, these survey results might be helpful. Still unclear who the respondents were, saw that the survey was listed on Princeton Consultants Inc.'s site. So rather self-selecting. Assume the survey wasn't properly done: Ranking 5 'disruptive' technologies coming to freight transportationOutdated but interesting sampling below via A Sampling of Logistics Startups | Transport Topics Online:

The 15 Best Online Marketplaces for Ecommerce RetailersAs an eCommerce seller, your success relies heavily on the online marketplaces where you choose to list your productsYour marketplace determines your audience, your reach, a good chunk of your overhead costs, and the policies and rules you have to abide by as a seller — and all of these can have a big impact on your reputation and your bottom line.We are going to cover everything you need to know about the top 15 online marketplaces, how they work, and how to get set upon them.What is an online marketplace?An online marketplace is an eCommerce site where multiple third-party sellers list their products. On online marketplaces, transactions are processed by the marketplace, not the sellers.How do online marketplaces work?Here’s a simplified explanation of what happens when a shopper makes a purchase from an eCommerce marketplace.1. Shopper makes a purchase on an eCommerce marketplaceLet’s say shoppers get to the Amazon Marketplace (directly or via another site such as Google), browse, and ultimately select an item(s) via a product page. When the shopper goes to check out on Amazon, their order will be submitted through the Amazon marketplace.2. The marketplace passes the order details along to the sellerWhen a shopper makes a purchase, the marketplace (in this example, Amazon) lets the third-party seller (in this example, Sony) know by sending the order details from the marketplace to the seller.3. The third-party seller sends the customer the productThe third-party seller then handles fulfillment for that purchase. Different marketplaces have different fulfillment policies, but this is the basic structure of how online marketplaces work with third-party sellers.Benefits of selling on an online marketplaceWhy should you sell in an online marketplace?One of the biggest benefits: pre-existing customer bases. Online marketplaces are already trusted by hundreds of millions of shoppers who check those marketplaces first when they need to buy something.Selling on an online marketplace can also be easier and faster than building your own eCommerce website because the interface is built for you — which often makes it a better experience for shoppers who are already familiar with the site. Once you’re approved as a third-party seller on an online marketplace, you can simply create your product listings, then you’re ready to sell!Many online marketplaces also offer third-party sellers opportunities to promote their products to shoppers, such as Amazon Advertising, and options to outsource order fulfillment, such as FBA (Fulfilled by Amazon).15 top online marketplacesHere are the 15 best online marketplaces for eCommerce retailers.1. Amazon MarketplaceAmazon is the leading online marketplace in the United States, with close to $280.5 billion in net sales in 2019. The Amazon Marketplace is one of the most well-known marketing channels for online retailers — which also makes it one of the most competitive.How to sell on Amazon: To sell on Amazon, you’ll need to choose a plan, create a seller account, and upload your products to Amazon. For a complete guide to selling on Amazon, check out this post: How To Sell on Amazon in 2020: Setup, Fees, & Strategy.Amazon Marketplace fees: The cost to sell on Amazon depends on which plan you choose.Amazon seller fees for a professional seller include:A monthly subscription fee of $39.99Referral fees on each item sold (varies by category)Variable closing fees (varies by category)Amazon seller fees for an individual seller include:No monthly subscription feeUSD$ 0.99 fee for each item soldVariable closing fees (varies by category)Amazon best practices: Here are some of our top tips for selling on Amazon:Keep Amazon SEO and the A9 Algorithm top-of-mind when creating your product listingsInvest in your Amazon, including A+ Content, Enhanced Brand Content, and Amazon StoresKeep your supply chain, inventory management, and fulfillment consistent and reliable — your Amazon success depends on itEnroll in the Amazon Brand Registry to protect your brand and create a trusted customer experienceResearch potential niches before deciding on the products you want to sell.Take advantage of Amazon Advertising by building out a comprehensive Amazon Advertising strategy (an agency can help!)2. Walmart marketplaceWalmart.com brings in 127 million unique visitors every month, and according to consumer research gathered by Tinuiti, there is a large overlap between Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more and Verify your identity shoppers: Over 57% of Amazon buyers also shop on Verify your identity. Having a presence on both marketplaces gives you a better chance of capturing those shoppers.How to sell on the Walmart Marketplace: To sell on Verify your identity, you need to fill out the Marketplace Application, which takes about 15 minutes to complete. If your application is approved, you’ll need to create your Next, you’ll register and complete your profile, verify your bank account, upload a product, and launch your account. Once the Walmart Marketplace team approves your account, your products will go live within 24 hours.Walmart Marketplace fees: Walmart Marketplace doesn’t charge a seller fee to maintain your seller account; they only charge a referral fee based on the product category.Walmart Marketplace best practices:To get approved to sell on the Walmart Marketplace, make sure your products are affordable and that your customer service is top-notchStay on top of your inventory management and fulfillment to meet Walmart’s high standardsTake advantage of Amazon’s sponsored product and search ad opportunitiesFor more intel on selling on Walmart Marketplace, check out these posts:Is the Walmart Marketplace Right for You? | The Complete GuideStay Ahead in 2020: Advertising on the Growing Walmart Marketplace3. KrogerFounded in 1883 in Cincinnati, Kroger is the largest grocery chain in America. While you might not associate Kroger with ecommerce, the grocery chain’s grew digital sales 58% in 2018 and ranked #86 on the Internet Retailer Top 1000 list.How to become a Kroger vendor: Retailers can apply to become Kroger suppliers or vendors online through Kroger’s website. Kroger suppliers and vendors must use Kroger’s Supplier Hub to apply and manage their Kroger vendor accounts. To be considered as a Kroger supplier,you must be certified by a third-party agency, complete registration in our Supplier Management System, and meet Kroger’s selection criteria and requirements.For information about fees and best practices, you’ll need to reach out directly to the Kroger B2B team or apply on their site. To learn more, check out Kroger’s full Business 2 Business Vendor Site.4. eBayWith 182 million worldwide buyers, eBay remains one of the biggest online retailers internationally, with nearly every category of product you can imagine.How to sell on eBay: eBay offers a “Quick Start” guide to help you start selling in 4 easy steps. Merchants can create a “My eBay” page from which to answer questions and view sales information. eBay also offers business consultation (for free), a Business Efficiency Guide, and Seller Development Resources, which is a program eBay designed to assist merchants in successfully selling their product.eBay fees: eBay charges 2 different types of selling fees: an insertion fee when you create your listing, and a final value fee when your item sells. For a complete list of eBay fees, here is their guide to selling fees.eBay best practices:If you can, offer fast and free or low-cost shipping and free returns to convert more shoppersOptimize your titles and product descriptions for eBay search (and to pique customer interest)Make sure your product listings and photos are accurate and give as many details as possible to avoid customer confusing (or dissatisfaction)Price your products competitively, including shipping costs5. ChewyAcquired in 2018 by PetSmart, Chewy.com is one of the biggest online marketplaces for pet products, beating out Amazon in pet products sold in 2018. Chewy is known for excellent customer service and affordable prices.How to sell pet supplies online on Chewy: Chewy doesn’t list information on how to become a Chewy vendor, but they recommend emailing [email protected] for more information.6. WayfairIf you sell home decor, furniture, mattresses or any other household item, Wayfair can be a great place to sell your products. Launched nearly 17 years ago, the site has over 11 million active users and boasts seriously high checkout averages (nearly $230 per transaction!).How to sell on Wayfair: Wayfair operates as a dropship model and calls their third-party sellers “partners.” When a shopper places an order on Wayfair, Wayfair forwards the order to your warehouse, then you pick, pack, and ship the order to the customer — while Wayfair covers the shipping cost. You can apply to sell on Wayfair here.Fees: Wayfair doesn’t charge fees or take a percentage of partners’ sales. Instead, Wayfair pays partners the wholesale cost of the items, then sets a higher retail price.Wayfair best practices:Wayfair is a good option for nice, higher-priced niche home items that might not fit well on Amazon or other budget-friendly marketplacesTake advantage of Wayfair’s promotional opportunities, like the annual Way Day (their version of Prime Day), to drive customers to your productsFor more information about selling on Wayfair, check out their Wayfair partnership site here.7. CostcoCostco is one of the biggest brick-and-mortar retailers in the US. For consumers, Costco has become synonymous with quality, bulk-buying, and value, with warehouses stocked with premium brands and private labeled products at below-market price-per-unit prices.How to sell to/in Costco: Costco has limited information available about becoming a vendor. If you are selling non-food or sundry items, you can contact the corporate office. If you are a prospective vendor of food and sundry items, you can contact the appropriate division office. See their vendor contact page here.For our full guide on how to sell to Costco, check out The Costco Vendor Guide for Beginners.8. TargetTarget is a retail giant both in brick-and-mortar stores and online, with eCommerce sales growing more than 25% for five years in a row.How to become a Target vendor: To sell your product on Target: Expect More. Pay Less., you’ll need to connect with their merchandising or sourcing team and submit a proposal. If your product is selected, you’ll set up an account on Target’s Partners Online portal.There’s limited information available online about how to become a Target vendor and the Target vendor application, as well as Target fees. We do know that Target prefers to sell products with a proven track record, making Target a better choice for established ecommerce brands than for new online sellers.For more information on Target’s Supplier Program, check out their Supplier page.9. NeweggNewegg is an online marketplace for electronics and hardware. With over 40 million customers in 20 countries, Newegg is the top electronics marketplace online. If you sell electronics or hardware, you should sell on Newegg.How to sell on Newegg: To apply to sell on Newegg, fill out this Seller Application. Once you’re approved, you can list your products and start selling. You can ship orders yourself or use SBN (Shipped by Newegg). Newegg pays sellers weekly.Newegg fees: Newegg offers 3 different seller plans:Standard: Zero Fees (Up to 5,000 listings)Professional: $29.95 / month (Up to 10.000 listings)Enterprise: $99.95 / month (Unlimited listings)Newegg best practices:Make the most of your product listing by customizing your Newegg Store landing page with featured products, banners, and videoKeep an eye on your Newegg Seller Rating, which can range from 1 to 5 eggs — shoppers use these ratings to figure out which sellers are the most trustworthy to buy fromMake sure to ship your orders within 72 hours (holidays and weekends not included) to meet Newegg’s requirements10. JetJet.com is actually owned by Walmart, but its marketplace is completely separate from the company’s main one. It’s a great site for items typically bought in bulk, as it rewards customers with discounts and freebies based on how much they add to their cart. Jet calls their third-party sellers Jet Retail Partners.How to sell on Verify your identity: All Jet Retail Partners are required to connect with Jet via API integration — you can’t manually upload listings via .csv — so make sure you have the technical capabilities to sell on Jet before you apply. To apply to partner with Jet, check out the application on their website. Like Walmart, the seller standards are pretty high with Jet, so make sure you’re ready for a lengthy approval process.Verify your identity seller fees: For any item sold on Jet, the amount of Commission charged = Applicable Commission Rate * Retailer Price + Dollar Based Adjustments. The Retailer Price = the Item Price + Shipping Price. To learn more about Verify your identity’s Commission structure, here’s their help center article.Verify your identity best practices:Provide as much information about each product as possible, including SKU data, Unique IDs, multi-pack quantity info if you sell in bulk, inventory in stock, and up-to-date pricingChoose descriptive titles for your product listings that include your brand nameFulfill orders quickly and reliably and keep your order defect rate (ODR) below 2% — or risk getting suspended from the platform11. AlibabaAlibaba is China’s ecommerce giant. What was once a startup employing only 18 people now has over 22,000 employees. The international company’s market cap recently broke $400 billion, and they currently account for 80% of online sales in China.How to sell on Alibaba: Alibaba can be an excellent marketing engine for suppliers, but new vendors should keep in mind that it can take years to rise to the top of Alibaba’s search results and account for the expense — so make sure that it’s worthwhile for your business before you get started.If you do decide to sell your products on Alibaba, you’ll need to register for an account, establish your company profile, and list your products.Alibaba fees: How much does it cost to sell on Alibaba?Pricing depends on the type of product you sell and the individual Alibaba portal you sell it on (there are many — including some that are even fee-free). There are also subscription and transaction fees in some cases.While sellers can join for free, basic membership on Alibaba severely limits the number of products displayed as well as access to promotional tools, rendering it functionally useless to most companies hoping to expand.Selling on Alibaba can be cost-prohibitive to smaller retailers. Any seller fees are in addition to the 1% charge associated with Alipay, the company’s Paypal-like payment processor.Alibaba best practices:Given that Alibaba is a B2B website, their best-sellers are generally items that can be mass-produced and sold wholesale to replenish inventory for companiesConsider investing in a Gold Membership if you plan to make Alibaba one of your main online marketplace channelsTake advantage of Alibaba’s training and educational resources for sellersLearn more about Alibaba here12. EtsyEtsy is geared toward “crafters, artists, and collectors”, and except for items categorized as “Vintage” or “Supplies”, Etsy is designed to sell handmade items created by the person selling the product. This makes it a good option for crafters, artists, and antique or vintage shops looking to sell online.How to sell on Etsy: To get started on Etsy, follow these steps:Create an Etsy accountSet your shop location and currencyChoose a shop nameCreate a listingSet a payment methodSet a billing methodEtsy fees: How much does it cost to sell on Etsy? Etsy seller fees include a:Transaction fee (5%)Subscription fee (varies based on tier)Shipping fee (Etsy shipping labels, USPS labels, FedEx labels, or Canada post labels)For businesses that are new to the platform, Etsy offers the first 40 listings for free. If you choose the Etsy Plus plan, it costs an additional $10 per month — in exchange, you’ll receive “an expanded set of tools to help jump-start growth and express your brand.”Etsy best practices:Check out Etsy’s advertising options, including promoted listings and Google shopping ads, both of which can be managed through the advertising dashboardSell unique, high-quality products (and make sure your listings and photos reflect that)Take beautiful product photos — the products that perform best on Etsy are highly visual, and aesthetics matter13. OverstockOverstock.com sells both closeout and new home decor, furniture, bedding, apparel, and many other product categories. The eCommerce marketplace is known for its affordable prices and huge selection.How to sell on Overstock: Overstock works with businesses and entrepreneurs who join their “Supply Network”, which allows Overstock to list these merchant’s products in their online stores. This helps suppliers boost their online presence and allows an influx of their products into the marketplace. To apply to sell on Overstock, you can submit an online request form. If you’re approved as an Overstock Merchant, you’ll upload your SKUs, content, and images, then set your own retail prices/Overstock fees: How much does it cost to sell on Overstock?There is limited information available online about how much it costs to sell on Overstock. Listing fees range from $0.10 to over $3, with additional fees for listing enhancements.Overstock best practices:Make sure your fulfillment and inventory is well-managed — you’ll be responsible for fulfilling Overstock ordersUse Overstock’s reporting and analytics to track how well your listings are performingOverstock also offers a range of customized services available to help you drive growth, so take advantage of those if you need them14. RakutenThe Rakuten marketplace is often called “the Amazon of Japan.” The largest B2B2C (Business to Business to Consumer) ecommerce site in Japan, the Rakuten marketplace has now expanded globally, including a program for US ecommerce sellers.How to sell on Rakuten: You can apply to sell on Rakuten here. Rakuten sellers can manage their account and listings through the Rakuten Seller Portal. You can upload products to Rakuten using the RMS web tool, FTP feed, their Open API, or a third-party integrator.Rakuten fees: Rakuten takes a commission of 8% to 15% depending on the product category.Rakuten best practices:Rakuten merchants can customize their own shipping and return policies, so make sure yours is competitive (aka cheap/free and fast)Leverage Rakuten’s partner ecosystem for integration, shipping, and payment servicesKeep your customer service consistent and responsive — Rakuten’s feedback system lets customers rate sellers for each purchase.15. HouzzHouzz is a Scandinavian online marketplace that features a wide range of sellers in more than 900 categories of home products.How to sell on Houzz: To apply to sell on Houzz, reach out to their Seller Support team. Once you’re approved as a Houzz seller, you can begin listing and selling your products through the Houzz Seller Central. For the complete Seller Guidelines for product listings, see this article from the Houzz help docs.Houzz seller fees: How much does it cost to sell on Houzz? Houzz has a 15% commission fee for products sold through their marketplace.Houzz best practices:Houzz is very strict about product listings. Make sure your listings are descriptive, clear, properly formatted and categorized, and highlight feature benefits.Keep your product data accurate and up-to-date at all times. If you need to update your product data, mark it as Inactive until you make your update.Keep your shipping costs and speeds competitive — Houzz says shipping costs cannot “exceed the industry rate.”These are just the top few of the hundreds of online marketplaces available to eCommerce retailers. The right marketplace for your business will depend on your vertical, budget, and goals. To learn more about online marketplaces, check out Tinuiti’s online marketplace brand-building services.

Amazo Customer Care 9679824416 NNumber Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more, Inc.[8] (/ˈæməzɒn/ AM-ə-zon) is an American multinational technology company based in Seattle, Washington, which focuses on e-commerce, cloud, along with Google, Apple, Microsoft, and Facebook.[9][10][11][12] The company has been referred to as "one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world", as well as the world's most valuable brand.[13][14]Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more, Inc.Amazon logo.svgLogo since 2000Amazon Spheres 05.jpgThe Amazon Spheres, part of the Amazon headquarters campus in SeattleTrade nameAmazonFormerlyCadabra, Inc. (1994–95)TypePublicTraded asNASDAQ: AMZNNASDAQ-100 componentS&P 100 componentS&P 500 componentISINUS0231351067IndustryCloud computinge-commerceartificial intelligenceconsumer electronicsdigital distributionself-driving carsFoundedJuly 5, 1994; 26 years agoBellevue, Washington, U.S.FounderJeff BezosHeadquartersSeattle, Washington, U.S.Area servedWorldwideKey peopleJeff Bezos (President, CEO, and Chairman)Andy Jassy (CEO-elect)Brian Olsavsky (Senior VP and CFO)ProductsEchoFire TabletFire TVFire OSKindleServicesAmazon.comAmazon AlexaAmazon AppstoreAmazon MusicAmazon PrimeAmazon Prime VideoAmazon Web ServicesRevenueIncrease US$386.064 billion (2020)Operating incomeIncrease US$22.9 billion (2020)Net incomeIncrease US$21.331 billion (2020)Total assetsIncrease US$321.2 billion (2020)Total equityIncrease US$93.404 billion (2020)Number of employeesIncrease 1,298,000 (Dec. 2020)[1]U.S.: 810,000 (Oct. 2020)[2]SubsidiariesA9.comAbeBooksAlexa http://InternetAmazon.com ServicesAmazon AirAmazon BooksAmazon FreshAmazon Game StudiosAmazon Lab126Amazon LogisticsAmazon PharmacyAmazon PublishingAmazon RoboticsAmazon StudiosAWSAudibleBody LabsBook DepositoryComiXologyDigital Photography ReviewGoodreadsGraphiqIMDbPillPackRingSouq.comTwitch InteractiveWhole Foods MarketWootZapposWebsiteOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & moreFootnotes / references[1][3][4][5][6][7]Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in Bellevue, Washington, on July 5, 1994. It started as an online marketplace for books but expanded to sell electronics, software, video games, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. In 2015, Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in the United States by market capitalization.[15] In 2017, Amazon acquired Whole Foods Market for US$13.4 billion, which substantially increased its footprint as a physical retailer.[16] In 2018, its two-day delivery service, Amazon Prime, surpassed 100 million subscribers worldwide.[17]Amazon is known for its disruption of well-established industries through technological innovation and mass scale.[18][19][20] It is the world's largest online marketplace, AI assistant provider, live-streaming platform and cloud computing platform[21] as measured by revenue and market capitalization.[22] Amazon is the largest Internet company by revenue in the world.[23] It is the second largest private employer in the United States[24] and one of the world's most valuable companies. As of 2020, Amazon has the highest global brand valuation.[25]Amazon distributes downloads and streaming of video, music, and audiobooks through its Prime Video, Amazon Music, Twitch, and Audible subsidiaries. Amazon also has a publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, a film and television studio, Amazon Studios, and a cloud computing subsidiary, Amazon Web Services. It produces consumer electronics including Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo devices. Its acquisitions over the years include Ring, Twitch, Whole Foods Market, and IMDb.Amazon has been criticized for practices including technological surveillance overreach,[26] a hyper-competitive and demanding work culture,[27] tax avoidance,[28] and anti-competitive behavior.[29][30]HistoryFurther information: History of AmazonThe company's largest campus outside the United States was inaugurated in Hyderabad, India in September 2019.Jeff Bezos founded Amazon in July 1994. He chose Seattle because of technical talent as Microsoft is located there.[31] In May 1997, Amazon went public. It began selling music and videos in 1998, at which time it began operations internationally by acquiring online sellers of books in United Kingdom and Germany. The following year, Amazon began selling items including video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys.In 2002, Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS), which provided data on website popularity, Internet traffic patterns and other statistics for marketers and developers. In 2006, Amazon grew its AWS portfolio when Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), which rents computer processing power as well as Simple Storage Service (S3), that rents data storage via the Internet, were made available. That same year, Amazon started Fulfillment by Amazon which managed the inventory of individuals and small companies selling their belongings through the company internet site. In 2012, Amazon bought Kiva Systems to automate its inventory-management business, purchasing Whole Foods Market supermarket chain five years later in 2017.[32]In January 2021, Amazon invested with over $278 million by opening two new centers in Italy (Novara and Modena) and creating over 1100 jobs.[33]On February 2, 2021, Amazon announced that Jeff Bezos would be stepping down as CEO and transition to Executive Chair of Amazon's board in Q3 of 2021. Andy Jassy, who is currently CEO of AWS, will replace Bezos as CEO of the company.[34][35]Board of directorsAmazon founder Jeff Bezos in 2016As of September 2020, the board of directors is:[36]Jeff Bezos, President, CEO, and ChairmanKeith B. Alexander, CEO IronNet Cybersecurity, former NSA DirectorRosalind Brewer, Group President, and COO, StarbucksJamie Gorelick, partner, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale, and DorrDaniel P. Huttenlocher, Dean of the Schwarzman College of Computing at the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJudy McGrath, former CEO, MTV NetworksIndra Nooyi, former CEO, PepsiCoJon Rubinstein, former Chairman, and CEO, Palm, Inc.Thomas O. Ryder, former Chairman, and CEO, Reader's Digest AssociationPatty Stonesifer, President, and CEO, Martha's TableWendell P. Weeks, Chairman, President, and CEO, Corning Inc.Merchant partnershipsIn 2000, U.S. toy retailer Toys "R" Us entered into a 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $50 million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its own independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $51 million in damages.[37][38][39]In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders Group, under which Amazon would comanage Barnes & Noble Welcomes Borders® Bookstore Customers as a co-branded service.[40] Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.[41]On October 18, 2011, Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, The Sandman, and Watchmen. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves.[42]In November 2013, Amazon announced a partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and New York because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into Dallas, Houston, New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014.[43]In June 2017, Nike confirmed a "pilot" partnership with Amazon to sell goods directly on the platform.[44][45][46] This pilot ended in November 2019.[47]As of October 11, 2017, AmazonFresh sold a range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas.[48]In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$ 104.44 million (₹ 759 crore) in financial year 2017–18.[49]In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc. to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019.[50][51]LogisticsAmazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages. Amazon-branded services include:Amazon Air, a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the United States Postal Service.Amazon Flex, a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hour Prime Now, same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries, and standard Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.[52]Amazon Logistics, in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls "Delivery Service Partners") to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20-40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.[53]Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service.Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses, bulk distribution centers, staffed "Amazon Hub Locker+" locations, and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages. As of December 2020, it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees.[54]Rakuten Intelligence estimated that in 2020 in the United States, the proportion of last-mile deliveries was 56% by Amazon's directly contracted services (mostly in urban areas), 30% by the United States Postal Service (mostly in rural areas), and 14% by UPS.[55] The USPS is used to deliver packages to at least some unstaffed Amazon Lockers, according to on-site signage.Products and servicesMain article: List of Amazon products and servicesOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more's product lines available at its website include several media (books, DVDs, music CDs, videotapes and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal-care items, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry, watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items and toys & games.[citation needed] In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco, CA as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city.[56] Amazon has separate retail websites for some countries and also offers international shipping of some of its products to certain other countries.[57] In November 2020, the company started an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.[58]Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more has a number of products and services available, including:AmazonFreshAmazon PrimeAmazon Web ServicesAlexaAppstoreAmazon DriveEchoKindleFire tabletsFire TVVideoKindle StoreMusicMusic UnlimitedAmazon Digital Game StoreAmazon StudiosAmazonWirelessSubsidiariesSee also: List of Amazon locationsAmazon owns over 40 subsidiaries, including Audible, http://Diapers.com, Goodreads, IMDb, Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics), Shopbop, Teachstreet, Twitch and Zappos.[59]http://A9.comhttp://A9.com, a company focused on researching and building innovative technology, has been a subsidiary since 2003.[60]Amazon MaritimeAmazon Maritime, Inc. holds a Federal Maritime Commission license to operate as a non-vessel-owning common carrier (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its own shipments from China into the United States.[61]Annapurna LabsIn January 2015, Amazon Web Services acquired Annapurna Labs, an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M.[62][63][64]Unlock a listen for every momentUnlock a listen for every moment is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital audiobooks, radio and television programs and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.[65]Beijing Century Joyo Courier ServicesBeijing Century Joyo Courier Services is a subsidiary of Amazon and it applied for a freight forwarding license with the US Maritime Commission. Amazon is also building out its logistics in trucking and air freight to potentially compete with UPS and FedEx.[66][67]Brilliance AudioBrilliance Audio is an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in Grand Haven, Michigan.[68] The company produced its first 8 audio titles in 1985.[68] The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.[69][70] At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.[70] It operates as an independent company within Amazon.In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.[71] The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.[71] It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.[71]ComiXologyComiXology is a cloud-based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads as of September 2013. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.[72]CreateSpaceCreateSpace, which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.[73][74]EeroEero, stylized as eero, is a company that manufactures mesh-capable routers. The company was founded in 2015 and is based in San Francisco. Amazon announced it would buy Eero in 2019.GoodreadsMain article: GoodreadsGoodreads is a "social cataloging" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their own groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members and over 10 million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013.[75]Health NavigatorIn October 2019, Amazon finalized the acquisition of Health Navigator, a startup developing APIs for online health services. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of PillPack for under $1 billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.[76]JungleeJunglee is a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started off as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.[77]Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012[78] as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.[79]Kuiper SystemsMain article: Kuiper SystemsKuiper Systems LLC, is a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a broadband satellite internet constellation with an announced 3,236 Low Earth orbit satellites to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.[80][81][82]PillPackPillPack is an online pharmacy specializing in shipping pre-sorted medications in by-day packets. It was acquired by Amazon in June 2018.Lab126Main article: Amazon Lab126Lab126, developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the Kindle, became a subsidiary in 2004.[83]RingMain article: Ring Inc.Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its WiFi powered smart doorbells, but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$1 billion in 2018.[84]ShelfariShelfari was a social cataloging website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, tag and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.[75] Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with Goodreads and closing down Shelfari.[85][86]SouqMain article: تسوق اون لاين الاجهزة الالكترونية ، الملابس ، الكمبيوترات، موبايلاتتسوق اون لاين الاجهزة الالكترونية ، الملابس ، الكمبيوترات، موبايلات is the largest E-Commerce platform in the Middle East based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. On March 28, 2017, Amazon confirmed it would be acquiring تسوق اون لاين الاجهزة الالكترونية ، الملابس ، الكمبيوترات، موبايلات for $580 million.[87] تسوق اون لاين الاجهزة الالكترونية ، الملابس ، الكمبيوترات، موبايلات is now a subsidiary of Amazon, and acts as Amazon's arm into the Middle East region.TwitchMain article: Twitch (service)Twitch at the Electronic Entertainment ExpoTwitch is a live streaming platform for video, primarily oriented towards video gaming content. The service was first established as a spin-off of a general-interest streaming service known as http://Justin.tv. Its prominence was eclipsed by that of Twitch, and http://Justin.tv was eventually shut down by its parent company in August 2014 in order to focus exclusively on Twitch.[88] Later that month, Twitch was acquired by Amazon for $970 million.[89] Through Twitch, Amazon also owns Curse, Inc., an operator of video gaming communities and a provider of VoIP services for gaming.[90] Since the acquisition, Twitch began to sell games directly through the platform,[91] and began offering special features for Amazon Prime subscribers.[92]The site's rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major esports competitions on the service, leading GameSpot senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as "the ESPN of esports".[93] As of 2015, the service had over 1.5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers.[94]On August 10, 2020, Amazon announced the rebranding of Twitch Prime, the live-streaming site, renaming it Prime Gaming [1] in another attempt to crack the video game market after failing a big-budget game effort. With Twitch Prime, users will be given a free subscription to Twitch, with free games from small studios and discounts for larger titles like Grand Theft Auto and League of Legends.[95]On November 2, 2020, Twitch announced a virtual flagship conference and named it GlitchCon instead of TwitchCon to be held on November 14. The main aim of the conference will be to bring its numerous, disparate communities of streamers and fans together where they can be real life confidants.[96]Whole Foods MarketWhole Foods Market store in Ann Arbor, MichiganWhole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.[97]On August 23, 2017, it was reported that the Federal Trade Commission approved the merger between Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more and Whole Foods Market.[98] The following day it was announced that the deal would be closed on August 28, 2017.[99]Supply chainAmazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and New Castle, Delaware. Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of crossdock centers, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, delivery stations, Prime now hubs, and Prime air hubs. There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125,000 employees.[100][101] Employees are responsible for five basic tasks: unpacking and inspecting incoming goods; placing goods in storage and recording their location; picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment; sorting and packing orders; and shipping. A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role: employees carry hand-held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress. Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by Amazon Robotics.Amazon.fr : livres, DVD, jeux vidéo, musique, high-tech, informatique, jouets, vêtements, chaussures, sport, bricolage, maison, beauté, puériculture, épicerie et plus encore ! fulfillment center in Lauwin-Planque, Francecompra online de electrónica, libros, deporte, hogar, moda y mucho más. fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares, SpainLow Prices in Electronics, Books, Sports Equipment & more fulfillment center in Glenrothes, Scotland, UKGünstige Preise für Elektronik & Foto, Filme, Musik, Bücher, Games, Spielzeug & mehr fulfillment center in Graben, GermanyAmazon | 本, ファッション, 家電から食品まで | アマゾン fulfillment center in Ichikawa, JapanAmazon fulfillment center in Macon, Georgia, U.S.WebsiteOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & moreOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more-Logo.svgLogo since 2000ScreenshotOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more screenshot.jpegHomepageType of siteE-commerceAvailable inArabicEnglishFrenchGermanSpanishSwedishItalianChineseJapanesePortugueseDutchTurkishOwnerAmazonURLOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more (original U.S. site)CommercialYesRegistrationOptionalLaunched1995; 26 years agoCurrent statusActiveWritten inC++ and Java[102]The domain Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more attracted at least 615 million visitors annually by 2008;[103] by the beginning of 2016, over 130 million customers were visiting the U.S. website each month.[104] The company has invested heavily in a massive amount of server capacity for its website, especially to handle the excessive traffic during the Christmas holiday season.[105] According to Alexa Internet rankings, Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more is the third most popular website in the United States and the 14th most popular website worldwide.Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees.[106] The company's localized storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by top-level domain and country code:Region Country Domain name SinceAmericas Brazil Compre livros, Kindle, Echo, Fire Tv e mais. December 2012Canada Low Prices - Fast Shipping - Millions of Items June 2002Mexico Precios bajos - Envío rápido - Millones de productos August 2013United States Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more July 1995Asia China 亚马逊中国 z.cn, 一站放心购全球 September 2004India Online Shopping site in India: Shop Online for Mobiles, Books, Watches, Shoes and More June 2013Japan Amazon | 本, ファッション, 家電から食品まで | アマゾン November 2000Singapore Shop Online for Electronics, Computers, Books, Toys, DVDs, Baby, Grocery, & more July 2017Turkey Amazon.com.tr: Elektronik, bilgisayar, akıllı telefon, kitap, oyuncak, yapı market, ev, mutfak, oyun konsolları ürünleri ve daha fazlası için internet alışveriş sitesi September 2018United Arab Emirates Welcome to Amazon.ae Shop Online in UAE for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Grocery & more May 2019Saudi Arabia تسوق اون لاين الاجهزة الالكترونية ,الملابس , الكمبيوترات, البقالة و اكثر - سوق.كوم الان اصبحت أمازون June 2020Europe France Amazon.fr : livres, DVD, jeux vidéo, musique, high-tech, informatique, jouets, vêtements, chaussures, sport, bricolage, maison, beauté, puériculture, épicerie et plus encore ! August 2000Germany Günstige Preise für Elektronik & Foto, Filme, Musik, Bücher, Games, Spielzeug & mehr October 1998Italy elettronica, libri, musica, fashion, videogiochi, DVD e tanto altro November 2010Netherlands Groot aanbod, kleine prijzen in o.a. Elektronica, boeken, sport en meer November 2014Spain compra online de electrónica, libros, deporte, hogar, moda y mucho más. September 2011Sweden Låga priser på Elektronik, Böcker, Sportutrustning & mer October 2020United Kingdom Low Prices in Electronics, Books, Sports Equipment & more October 1998Oceania Australia Shop online for Electronics, Apparel, Toys, Books, DVDs & more November 2017ReviewsSee also: Criticism of Amazon § Amazon reviewsAmazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicate the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicate that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. Customers may comment or vote on the reviews, indicating whether they found a review helpful to them. If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews.[107]When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended the practice by claiming that Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more was "taking a different approach ... we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly ... to let truth loose".[108]There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients[109] and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works.Content search"Search Inside the Book" is a feature which allows customers to search for keywords in the full text of many books in the catalog.[110][111] The feature started with 120,000 titles (or 33 million pages of text) on October 23, 2003.[112] There are about 300,000 books in the program. Amazon has cooperated with around 130 publishers to allow users to perform these searches.[citation needed]To avoid copyright violations, Amazon does not return the computer-readable text of the book. Instead, it returns a picture of the matching page, instructs the web browser to disable printing and puts limits on the number of pages in a book a single user can access. Additionally, customers can purchase online access to some of the same books via the "Amazon Upgrade" program.[citation needed]Third-party sellersAmazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon.[113] Associates receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.[114] In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads.[115] It is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission.[116] Amazon reported over 1.3 million sellers sold products through Amazon's websites in 2007. Unlike eBay, Amazon sellers do not have to maintain separate payment accounts; all payments are handled by Amazon.[citation needed]Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched (rumored to be internally called "Project Genesis") to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history.[117] In 2019, Amazon launched a bigger local online store in Singapore to expand its product selection in the face of intensifying competition with competitors in the region.[118]In July 2019 the 3rd U.S. City Court of Appeals in Philadelphia ruled that Amazon can be held accountable for faulty third-party sales.[119] The decision ran counter to a past lower court ruling that had favored Amazon. Heather Oberdorf had sued the company in 2016 over a dog leash that snapped, causing permanent loss of vision in one eye. If upheld, the decision would expose Amazon and similar platform businesses to strict liability lawsuits for defective products, which represents a major change in the law.[120] The panel sent the case back to the lower court, to decide whether the leash was actually defective.[121]Amazon sales rankThe Amazon sales rank (ASR) provides an indication of the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon.[122] While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists.[122] Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales.[123] For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via the Nielsen BookScan service to verified authors.[124] While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR,[125] though Amazon states:Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources— Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more Help[126]Multi-level sales strategyAmazon employs a multi-level e-commerce strategy. Amazon started by focusing on business-to-consumer relationships between itself and its customers and business-to-business relationships between itself and its suppliers and then moved to facilitate customer-to-customer with the Amazon marketplace which acts as an intermediary to facilitate transactions. The company lets anyone sell nearly anything using its platform. In addition to an affiliate program that lets anyone post Amazon links and earn a commission on click-through sales, there is now a program which lets those affiliates build entire websites based on Amazon's platform.[127]Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their own websites. The sales are processed through Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price.[128]In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle. The store is 5,500 square feet and prices for all products match those on its website.[129] Amazon will open its tenth physical book store in 2017;[130] media speculation suggests Amazon plans to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country.[129]In June 2018, it was reported that Amazon planned to open brick and mortar bookstores in Germany.[131]In September 2020, Amazon launched Luxury Stores on its mobile app, where Oscar de la Renta become the first and only label to partner with the firm.[132]FinancesOnline Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.[133] As of 2018, Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more is ranked 8th on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[134]For the fiscal year 2018, Amazon reported earnings of US$10.07 billion, with an annual revenue of US$232.887 billion, an increase of 30.9% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835 billion to 232.887 billion, thanks to continued business expansion.[135]Amazon's market capitalization went over US$1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results.[136] Amazon's total employees now number 798,000.[136]Year Revenuein mil. USD$ Net incomein mil. USD$ Total Assetsin mil. USD$ Employees2007[137] 14,835 476 6,485 17,0002008[138] 19,166 645 8,314 20,7002009[139] 24,509 902 13,813 24,3002010[140] 34,204 1,152 18,797 33,7002011[141] 48,077 631 25,278 56,2002012[142] 61,093 −39 32,555 88,4002013[143] 74,452 274 40,159 117,3002014[144] 88,988 −241 54,505 154,1002015[145] 107,006 596 64,747 230,8002016[146] 135,987 2,371 83,402 341,4002017[147] 177,866 3,033 131,310 566,0002018[148] 232,887 10,073 162,648 647,5002019[149] 280,522 11,588 225,248 798,0002020[150] 386,064 21,331 321,195 1,298,000ControversiesIt has been suggested that sections about criticism of Amazon be split out and merged into the article titled Criticism of Amazon, which already exists. (Discuss)Main article: Criticism of AmazonSince its founding, the company has attracted criticism and controversy for its actions, including: supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools;[151] forming cloud computing partnerships with the CIA;[152] leading customers away from bookshops;[153] adversely impacting the environment;[154] placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers; actively opposing unionization efforts;[155] remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users; taking public subsidies; seeking to patent its 1-Click technology; engaging in anti-competitive actions and price discrimination;[29][30] and reclassifying LGBT books as adult content.[156][157] Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the WikiLeaks website, works containing libel and material facilitating dogfight, cockfight, or pedophile activities. In December 2011, Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one-day deal to promote its new Price Check app. Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick-and-mortar store were offered a 5% discount to purchase the same item from Amazon.[158] Companies like Groupon, eBay and http://Taap.it countered Amazon's promotion by offering $10 off from their products.[159][160]The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability. One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project, after Bezos suggested, according to Brad Stone, "that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle."[106] In July 2014, the Federal Trade Commission launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in-app purchases to children, which were being transacted without parental consent.[161] In 2019, Amazon banned selling skin-lightening and racist products that might affect the consumer's health.[162]Environmental impactIn 2018, Amazon emitted 44.4 million metric tons of CO2.[163]In September 2019, Amazon workers organized a walk-out as part of the Global Climate Strike.[164][165] An internal group called Amazon Employees for Climate Justice said over 1,800 employees in 25 cities and 14 countries committed to participating in the action to protest Amazon's environmental impact and inaction to climate change.[164] This group of workers petitioned Jeff Bezos and Amazon with three specific demands: to stop donating to politicians and lobbyists that deny climate change, to stop working with fossil fuel companies to accelerate oil and gas extraction, and to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2030.[166][165]Amazon has introduced the Shipment Zero program, however Shipment Zero has only committed to reducing 50% of its shipments to net zero by 2030. Also, even that 50% does not necessarily mean a decrease in emissions compared to current levels given Amazon's rate of growth in orders.[167]That said, Amazon's CEO has also signed the Climate Pledge, in which Amazon would meet the Paris climate agreement goals 10 years ahead of schedule, and would be carbon-neutral by 2040. Besides this pledge, it also ordered 100 000 electric delivery trucks from Rivian.[168]Amazon funds both climate denial groups including the Competitive Enterprise Institute and politicians denying climate change including Jim Inhofe.[169][170]In November 2018, a community action group opposed the construction permit delivered to Goodman Group for the construction of a 160,000 square metres (1,700,000 sq ft) logisitics platform Amazon will operate at Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport. In February 2019, Étienne Tête filed a request on behalf of a second regional community action group asking the administrative court to decide whether the platform served a sufficiently important public interest to justify its environmental impact. Construction has been suspended while these matters are decided.[154]Amazon considered making an option for Prime customers to have packages delivered at the most efficient and environmentally-friendly time (allowing the company to combine shipments with the same destination) but decided against it out of fear customers might reduce purchases.[171] Since 2019, the company has instead offered customers an "Amazon Day" option, where all orders are delivered on the same day, emphasizing customer convenience, and it occasionally offers Prime customers credits in return for selecting slower and less expensive shipping options.[171]Selling counterfeit, unsafe and discarded itemsThe selling of counterfeit products by Amazon has attracted widespread notice, with both purchases marked as being fulfilled by third parties and those shipped directly from Amazon warehouses being found to be counterfeit. This has included some products sold directly by Amazon itself and marked as "ships from and sold by Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more".[172] Counterfeit charging cables sold on Amazon as purported Apple products have been found to be a fire hazard.[173][174] Such counterfeits have included a wide array of products, from big ticket items to every day items such as tweezers, gloves,[175] and umbrellas.[176] More recently, this has spread to Amazon's newer grocery services.[177] Counterfeiting was reported to be especially a problem for artists and small businesses whose products were being rapidly copied for sale on the site.[178]One Amazon business practice that encourages counterfeiting is that, by default, seller accounts on Amazon are set to use "commingled inventory". With this practice, the goods that a seller sends to Amazon are mixed with those of the producer of the product and with those of all other sellers that supply what is supposed to be the same product.[179]In June 2019, Buzzfeed reported that some products identified on the site as "Amazon's choice" were low quality, had a history of customer complaints, and exhibited evidence of product review manipulation.[180]In August 2019, The Wall Street Journal reported that they had found more than 4,000 items for sale on Amazon's site that had been declared unsafe by federal agencies, had misleading labels, or had been banned by federal regulators.[181]In the wake of the WSJ investigation, three U.S. senators – Richard Blumenthal, Ed Markey, and Bob Menendez – sent an open letter to Jeff Bezos demanding him to take action about the selling of unsafe items on the site. The letter said that "Unquestionably, Amazon is falling short of its commitment to keeping safe those consumers who use its massive platform."[182] The letter included a number of questions about the company's practices and gave Bezos a deadline to respond by September 29, 2019, saying "We call on you to immediately remove from the platform all the problematic products examined in the recent WSJ report; explain how you are going about this process; conduct a sweeping internal investigation of your enforcement and consumer safety policies; and institute changes that will continue to keep unsafe products off your platform."[182] Earlier in the same month, senators Blumenthal and Menendez had sent Bezos a letter about the Buzzfeed report.[182]In December 2019, The Wall Street Journal reported that some people were literally retrieving trash out of dumpsters and selling it as new products on Amazon. The reporters ran an experiment and determined that it was easy for a seller to set up an account and sell cleaned up junk as new products. In addition to trash, sellers were obtaining inventory from clearance bins, thrift stores, and pawn shops.[183][184]In August 2020, an appeals court in California ruled that Amazon can be held liable for unsafe products sold on its website. A California woman had bought a replacement laptop battery that caught fire and caused her to receive third-degree burns.[185]Tax avoidanceMain article: Amazon taxAmazon's tax affairs were investigated in China, Germany, Poland, South Korea, France, Japan, Ireland, Singapore, Luxembourg, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, United States and Portugal.[186] According to a report released by Fair Tax Mark in 2019, Amazon is the worst offender of tax avoidance, having paid an 12% effective tax rate between 2010-2018, in contrast with 35% corporate tax rate in the US during the same period. Amazon countered that it had an 24% effective tax rate during the same period.[187]Comments by Donald Trump and Bernie SandersIn early 2018, President Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon's use of the United States Postal Service and its prices for the delivery of packages, stating, "I am right about Amazon costing the United States Post Office massive amounts of money for being their Delivery Boy," Trump tweeted. "Amazon should pay these costs (plus) and not have them bourne [sic] by the American Taxpayer."[188] Amazon's shares fell by 6 percent as a result of Trump's comments. Shepard Smith of Fox News disputed Trump's claims and pointed to evidence that the USPS was offering below-market prices to all customers with no advantage to Amazon. However, analyst Tom Forte pointed to the fact that Amazon's payments to the USPS are not made public and that their contract has a reputation for being "a sweetheart deal".[189][190]Throughout the summer of 2018, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders criticized Amazon's wages and working conditions in a series of YouTube videos and media appearances. He also pointed to the fact that Amazon had paid no federal income tax in the previous year.[191] Sanders solicited stories from Amazon warehouse workers who felt exploited by the company.[192] One such story, by James Bloodworth, described the environment as akin to "a low-security prison" and stated that the company's culture used an Orwellian newspeak.[193] These reports cited a finding by New Food Economy that one third of fulfilment center workers in Arizona were on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).[194] Responses by Amazon included incentives for employees to tweet positive stories and a statement which called the salary figures used by Sanders "inaccurate and misleading". The statement also charged that it was inappropriate for him to refer to SNAP as "food stamps".[192] On September 5, 2018, Sanders along with Ro Khanna introduced the Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Act aimed at Amazon and other alleged beneficiaries of corporate welfare such as Walmart, McDonald's and Uber.[195] Among the bill's supporters were Tucker Carlson of Fox News and Matt Taibbi who criticized himself and other journalists for not covering Amazon's contribution to wealth inequality earlier.[196][197]On October 2, 2018, Amazon announced that its minimum wage for all American employees would be raised to $15 per hour. Sanders congratulated the company for making this decision.[198]Opposition to trade unionsMain article: Amazon worker organizationA sticker expressing an anti-Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle.Amazon has opposed efforts by trade unions to organize in both the United States and the United Kingdom. In 2001, 850 employees in Seattle were laid off by Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more after a unionization drive. The Washington Alliance of Technological Workers (WashTech) accused the company of violating union laws, and claimed Amazon managers subjected them to intimidation and heavy propaganda. Amazon denied any link between the unionization effort and layoffs.[199] Also in 2001, Low Prices in Electronics, Books, Sports Equipment & more hired a US management consultancy organization, The Burke Group, to assist in defeating a campaign by the Graphical, Paper and Media Union (GPMU, now part of Unite the Union) to achieve recognition in the Milton Keynes distribution depot. It was alleged that the company victimized or sacked four union members during the 2001 recognition drive and held a series of captive meetings with employees.[200]An Amazon training video that was leaked in 2018 stated "We are not anti-union, but we are not neutral either. We do not believe unions are in the best interest of our customers or shareholders or most importantly, our associates."[201] Two years later, it was found that Whole Foods was using a heat map to track which stores had the highest levels of pro-union sentiment. Factors including racial diversity, proximity to other unions, poverty levels in the surrounding community and calls to the National Labor Relations Board were named as contributors to "unionization risk".[202]In early 2020, an Amazon internal documents were leaked, it said that Whole Foods has been using an interactive heat map to monitor its 510 locations across the U.S. and assign each store a unionization risk score based on such criteria as employee loyalty, turnover rate and racial diversity. Data collected in the heat map suggest that stores with low racial and ethnic diversity, especially those located in poor communities, are more likely to unionize.[203][204]Working conditionsFormer employees, current employees, the media, and politicians have criticized Amazon for poor working conditions at the company.[205][206][207] In 2011, it was publicized that workers had to carry out tasks in 100 °F (38 °C) heat at the Breinigsville, Pennsylvania warehouse. As a result of these inhumane conditions, employees became extremely uncomfortable and suffered from dehydration and collapse. Loading-bay doors were not opened to allow in fresh air because of concerns over theft.[208] Amazon's initial response was to pay for an ambulance to sit outside on call to cart away overheated employees.[208] The company eventually installed air conditioning at the warehouse.[209]Some workers, "pickers", who travel the building with a trolley and a handheld scanner "picking" customer orders can walk up to 15 miles (24 kilometres) during their workday and if they fall behind on their targets, they can be reprimanded. The handheld scanners give real-time information to the employee on how quickly or slowly they are working; the scanners also serve to allow Team Leads and Area Managers to track the specific locations of employees and how much "idle time" they gain when not working.[210][211]In a German television report broadcast in February 2013, journalists Diana Löbl and Peter Onneken conducted a covert investigation at the distribution center of Amazon in the town of Bad Hersfeld in the German state of Hessen. The report highlights the behavior of some of the security guards, themselves being employed by a third party company, who apparently either had a neo-Nazi background or deliberately dressed in neo-Nazi apparel and who were intimidating foreign and temporary female workers at its distribution centers. The third party security company involved was delisted by Amazon as a business contact shortly after that report.[212][213][214][215]In March 2015, it was reported in The Verge that Amazon would be removing non-compete clauses of 18 months in length from its US employment contracts for hourly-paid workers, after criticism that it was acting unreasonably in preventing such employees from finding other work. Even short-term temporary workers have to sign contracts that prohibit them from working at any company where they would "directly or indirectly" support any good or service that competes with those they helped support at Amazon, for 18 months after leaving Amazon, even if they are fired or made redundant.[216][217]A 2015 front-page article in The New York Times profiled several former Amazon employees[218] who together described a "bruising" workplace culture in which workers with illness or other personal crises were pushed out or unfairly evaluated.[15] Bezos responded by writing a Sunday memo to employees,[219] in which he disputed the Times's account of "shockingly callous management practices" that he said would never be tolerated at the company.[15]In an effort to boost employee morale, on November 2, 2015, Amazon announced that it would be extending six weeks of paid leave for new mothers and fathers. This change includes birth parents and adoptive parents and can be applied in conjunction with existing maternity leave and medical leave for new mothers.[220]In mid-2018, investigations by journalists and media outlets such as The Guardian reported poor working conditions at Amazon's fulfillment centers.[221][222] Later in 2018, another article exposed poor working conditions for Amazon's delivery drivers.[223]In response to criticism that Amazon does not pay its workers a livable wage, Jeff Bezos announced beginning November 1, 2018, all US and UK Amazon employees will earn a $15 an hour minimum wage.[224] Amazon will also lobby to make $15 an hour the federal minimum wage.[225] At the same time, Amazon also eliminated stock awards and bonuses for hourly employees.[226]On Black Friday 2018, Amazon warehouse workers in several European countries, including Italy, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, went on strike to protest inhumane working conditions and low pay.[227]The Daily Beast reported in March 2019 that emergency services responded to 189 calls from 46 Amazon warehouses in 17 states between the years 2013 and 2018, all relating to suicidal employees. The workers attributed their mental breakdowns to employer-imposed social isolation, aggressive surveillance, and the hurried and dangerous working conditions at these fulfillment centers. One former employee told The Daily Beast "It's this isolating colony of hell where people having breakdowns is a regular occurrence."[228]On July 15, 2019, during the onset of Amazon's "Prime Day" sale event, Amazon employees working in the United States and Germany went on strike in protest of unfair wages and poor working conditions.[229][230]In March 2020, during the coronavirus outbreak when the government instructed companies to restrict social contact, Amazon's UK staff was forced to work overtime to meet the demand spiked by the disease. A GMB spokesperson said the company had put "profit before safety".[231] GMB has continued to raise concerns regarding "gruelling conditions, unrealistic productivity targets, surveillance, bogus self-employment and a refusal to recognise or engage with unions unless forced", calling for the UK government and safety regulators to take action to address these issues.[232]In August 2019, BBC reported on Amazon's Twitter ambassadors. Their constant support for and defense of Amazon and its practices have led many Twitter users to suspect that they are in fact bots, being used to dismiss the issues effecting Amazon workers.[233]In its 2020 statement to its US shareholders, Amazon stated that "we respect and support the Core Conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO), the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Operation of these Global Human Rights Principles has been "long-held at Amazon, and codifying them demonstrates our support for fundamental human rights and the dignity of workers everywhere we operate".[234]On November 27, 2020, Amnesty International said, workers in working for Amazon have faced great health and safety risks since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. On Black Friday, one of Amazon's busiest periods, company failed to ensure the key safety features in France, Poland, the United Kingdom and USA. Workers have been risking their health and lives to ensure essential goods are delivered to consumer doorsteps, helping Amazon achieve record profits.[235]On January 6, 2021, Amazon said that it is planning to build 20,000 affordable houses by spending $2 billion in the regions where the major employments are located.[236]On January 24, 2021, Amazon said that it was planning to open a pop-up clinic hosted in partnership with Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle in order to vaccinate 2,000 persons against COVID-19 on the first day.[237]In February 2021, Amazon said that it was planning to put cameras in its delivery vehicles. Although many drivers were upset of this decision, Amazon said that the videos were only be sent in certain circumstances.[238]Conflict of interest with the CIA and DODIn 2013, Amazon secured a US$600 million contract with the CIA, which poses a potential conflict of interest involving the Bezos-owned The Washington Post and his newspaper's coverage of the CIA.[239] Kate Martin, director of the Center for National Security Studies, said, "It's a serious potential conflict of interest for a major newspaper like The Washington Post to have a contractual relationship with the government and the most secret part of the government."[240] This was later followed by a US$10 billion contract with the U.S. Department of Defense.[152]Seattle head tax and houselessness servicesIn May 2018, Amazon threatened the Seattle City Council over an employee head tax proposal that would have funded houselessness services and low-income housing. The tax would have cost Amazon about $800 per employee, or 0.7% of their average salary.[241] In retaliation, Amazon paused construction on a new building, threatened to limit further investment in the city, and funded a repeal campaign. Although originally passed, the measure was soon repealed after an expensive repeal campaign spearheaded by Amazon.[242]Nashville Operations Center of ExcellenceThe incentives given by the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County to Amazon for their new Operations Center of Excellence in Nashville Yards, a site owned by developer Southwest Value Partners, have been controversial, including the decision by the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development to keep the full extent of the agreement secret.[243] The incentives include "$102 million in combined grants and tax credits for a scaled-down Amazon office building" as well as "a $65 million cash grant for capital expenditures" in exchange for the creation of 5,000 jobs over seven years.[243]The Tennessee Coalition for Open Government called for more transparency.[243] Another local organization known as the People's Alliance for Transit, Housing, and Employment (PATHE) suggested no public money should be given to Amazon; instead, it should be spent on building more public housing for the working poor and the homeless and investing in more public transportation for Nashvillians.[244] Others suggested incentives to big corporations do not improve the local economy.[245]In November 2018, the proposal to give Amazon $15 million in incentives was criticized by the Nashville Firefighters Union and the Nashville chapter of the Fraternal Order of Police,[246] who called it "corporate welfare."[247] In February 2019, another $15.2 million in infrastructure was approved by the council, although it was voted down by three council members, including Councilwoman Angie Henderson who dismissed it as "cronyism".[248]Facial recognition technology and law enforcementWhile Amazon has publicly opposed secret government surveillance, as revealed by Freedom of Information Act requests it has supplied facial recognition support to law enforcement in the form of the Rekognition technology and consulting services. Initial testing included the city of Orlando, Florida, and Washington County, Oregon. Amazon offered to connect Washington County with other Amazon government customers interested in Rekognition and a body camera manufacturer. These ventures are opposed by a coalition of civil rights groups with concern that they could lead to an expansion of surveillance and be prone to abuse. Specifically, it could automate the identification and tracking of anyone, particularly in the context of potential police body camera integration.[151][249][250] Because of the backlash, the city of Orlando publicly stated it will no longer use the technology, but may revisit this decision at a later date.[251]Access to NHS dataThe UK government awarded Amazon a contract that gives the company free access to information about healthcare published by the UK's National Health Service.[252] This will, for example, be used by Amazon's Alexa to answer medical questions, although Alexa also uses many other sources of information. The material, which excludes patient data, could also allow the company to make, advertise and sell its own products. The contract allows Amazon access to information on symptoms, causes and definitions of conditions, and "all related copyrightable content and data and other materials". Amazon can then create "new products, applications, cloud-based services and/or distributed software", which the NHS will not benefit from financially. The company can also share the information with third parties. The government said that allowing Alexa devices to offer expert health advice to users will reduce pressure on doctors and pharmacists.[253]Collection of data and surveillanceOn February 17, 2020, a Panorama documentary highlighted the amount of data collected by the company and the move into surveillance causing concerns of politicians and regulators in the US and Europe.[254][255]Antitrust complaintsOn June 11, 2020, the European Union announced that it will be pressing charges against Amazon over its treatment of third-party e-commerce sellers.[256]In July 2020, Amazon along with other tech giants Apple, Google and Facebook were accused of maintaining harmful power and anti-competitive strategies to quash potential competitors in the market.[257] The CEOs of respective firms appeared in a teleconference on July 29, 2020 before the lawmakers of the U.S. House Antitrust Subcommittee.[258] In October 2020, the antitrust subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives released a report accusing Amazon of abusing a monopoly position in ecommerce to unfairly compete with sellers on its own platform.[259]Anti-vaccination and non-scientific cancer 'cures'Anti-vaccination and non evidence-based cancer 'cures' have routinely appeared high in Amazon's books and videos. This may be due to positive reviews posted by supporters of untested methods, or gaming of the algorithms by truther communities, rather than any intent on Amazon's part.[260][261]Wired magazine found that Amazon Prime Video was full of 'pseudoscientific documentaries laden with conspiracy theories and pointing viewers towards unproven treatments'.[262]U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) expressed concern that Amazon was “surfacing and recommending products and content that discourage parents from vaccinating their children.” Amazon subsequently removed five anti-vaccination documentaries.[263] Amazon also removed 12 books that unscientifically claimed bleach could cure conditions including malaria and childhood autism. This followed an NBC News report about parents who used it in a misguided attempt to reverse their children's autism.[264]Response to COVID-19 pandemicHazard pay and overtimeAmazon introduced new policies to reward frontline workers for continuing to come into work during the crisis. One of these policies, announced on March 16, 2020 was a temporary $2-per-hour rise in pay. This policy expired in June 2020.[265] Amazon also announced a policy of unlimited, unpaid time off that lasted until April 30, 2020.[266]Additional hiring as a result of pandemicIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon introduced temporary restrictions on the sale of non-essential goods. In March 2020, it hired some 100,000 more staff in the US to help deal with essential items such as food and medical equipment. It also reported that it was so busy that it was unable to bring on board new customers and therefore had to have a waiting list. In April, the firm announced that it was going to hire up to 75,000 workers to help deal with increased demand.[267] In September 2020, the company announced it would hire an additional 100,000 workers in the United States and Canada.[268]Employee protests during COVID-19During the pandemic there have been protests by the Amazon workers at warehouses in the US, France, and Italy. The BBC reported that there were confirmed coronavirus cases in more than 50 locations.[267] The reason for the protests is the company policy to "run normal shifts" despite many positive cases of the virus.[269] According to the UNI Global Union, "Amazon cannot act like this is business as usual. We are facing a deadly virus that has already taken the lives of thousands of people and paralyzed the world's economy. If distribution centers are not safe for workers right now, they should be closed immediately."[269] In Spain, the company has faced legal complaints over its policies.[270] Despite workers at 19 warehouses in the US having tested positive for COVID-19, Amazon did not shut down warehouses, only doing so when forced by the government or because of protests. A group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos in March 2020, expressing concerns about worker safety.[271]An Amazon warehouse protest on March 30, 2020, in Staten Island led to its organizer, Christian Smalls, being fired. Amazon defended the decision by saying that Smalls was supposed to be in self-isolation at the time and leading the protest put its other workers at risk.[270] Smalls has called this response "ridiculous".[272] The New York state attorney general, Letitia James, is considering legal retaliation to the firing which she called "immoral and inhumane."[270] She also asked the National Labor Relations Board to investigate Smalls' firing. Smalls himself accuses the company of retaliating against him for organizing a protest.[272] At the Staten Island warehouse, one case of COVID-19 has been confirmed by Amazon; workers believe there are more, and say that the company has not cleaned the building, given them suitable protection, or informed them of potential cases.[271] Smalls added specifically that there are many workers there in risk categories, and the protest only demanded that the building be sanitized and the employees continue to be paid during that process.[272] Derrick Palmer, another worker at the Staten Island facility, told The Verge that Amazon quickly communicates through text and email when they need the staff to complete mandatory overtime, but have not been using this to tell people when a colleague has contracted the disease, instead waiting days and sending managers to speak to employees in person.[271] Amazon claim that the Staten Island protest only attracted 15 of the facility's 5,000 workers,[273] while other sources describe much larger crowds.[271]On April 14, 2020, two Amazon employees were fired for "repeatedly violating internal policies", after they had circulated a petition about health risks for warehouse workers internally.[274]On May 4, Amazon vice president Tim Bray resigned "in dismay" over the firing of whistle-blower employees who spoke out about the lack of COVID-19 protections, including shortages of face masks and failure to implement widespread temperature checks which were promised by the company. He said that the firings were "chickenshit" and "designed to create a climate of fear" in Amazon warehouses.[275]In a Q1 2020 financial report, Jeff Bezos announced that Amazon expects to spend $4 billion or more (predicted operating profit for Q2) on COVID-19-related issues: personal protective equipment, higher wages for hourly teams, cleaning for facilities, and expanding Amazon's COVID-19 testing capabilities. These measures intend to improve the safety and well-being of hundreds of thousands of the company's employees.[276]From the beginning of 2020 until September of the same year, the company declares that the total number of workers who have contracted the infection is 19,816.[277]Closure in FranceThe SUD (trade unions) brought a court case against Amazon for unsafe working conditions. This resulted in a French district court (Nanterre) ruling on April 15, 2020, ordering the company to limit, under threat of a €1 million per day fine, its deliveries to certain essential items, including electronics, food, medical or hygienic products, and supplies for home improvement, animals, and offices.[278] Instead, Amazon immediately shut down its six warehouses in France, continuing to pay workers but limiting deliveries to items shipped from third-party sellers and warehouses outside of France.[279] The company said the €100,000 fine for each prohibited item shipped could result in billions of dollars in fines even with a small fraction of items misclassified.[280] After losing an appeal and coming to an agreement with labor unions for more pay and staggered schedules, the company reopened its French warehouses on May 19.[279]LobbyingAmazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and data protection and intellectual property. According to regulatory filings, Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more focuses its lobbying on the United States Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Reserve. Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more spent roughly $3.5 million, $5 million and $9.5 million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.[281]Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more was a corporate member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.[282]In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal Aviation Administration to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld lobbying firm in June.[283] Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.[284] In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.[285]In 2019 it spent $16.8m and had a team of 104 lobbyists, up from $14.4m and 103 lobbyists in 2018.[286]See alsoAmazon Breakthrough Novel AwardAmazon Flexible Payments ServiceAmazon MarketplaceAmazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN)Camelcamelcamel – a website that tracks the prices of products sold on Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & moreList of book distributorsInternal carbon pricingStatistically improbable phrases – Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more's phrase extraction technique for indexing booksReferencesInline XBRL Viewerhttps://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872421000004/amzn-20201231.htm#i75de98b9097f40f3b5884e541f532421_73. 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New York: Portfolio Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59184-375-7.Daisey, Mike (2002). 21 Dog Years. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-2580-5.Friedman, Mara (2004). Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more for Dummies. Wiley Publishing. ISBN 0-7645-5840-4.Marcus, James (2004). Amazonia: Five Years at the Epicenter of the http://Dot.Com Juggernaut. W. W. Norton. ISBN 1-56584-870-5.Spector, Robert (2000). Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more – Get Big Fast: Inside the Revolutionary Business Model That Changed the World. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-662041-4.Stone, Brad (2013). The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon. New York: Little Brown and Co. ISBN 978-0-316-21926-6. OCLC 856249407.External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more.Official website Edit this at WikidataAmazon (company) companies grouped at OpenCorporatesBusiness data for Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more, Inc.: