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Is it true that some of the greatest minds of this world had some sort of psychological disorder?

Yes it is.Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)Da Vinci was known to have kept complicated journals where he wrote upside-down and backwards. He also had dyslexia.2. Michelangelo (1475-1564)Known for his incredible art, Michelangelo also suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).3. Isaac Newton (1643-1727)The scientist who explained gravity and had the Laws of Motion named after himself, Isaac Newton was known to have suffered from bipolar disorder and possible depression.4. Beethoven (1770-1827)While Beethoven is well-known for being a deaf composer and coming up with masterpieces such as Fur Elise, he also suffered from bipolar disorder and depression.5. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)Though this is no surprise, the father of the American short-story suffered from depression and alcoholism.6. Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)The 16th president of the United States suffered from depression and anxiety attacks.7. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)The creator of the Theory of Evolution suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).8. Mary Todd Lincoln (1818-1882)The wife of Abraham Lincoln suffered from schizophrenia.9. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)The inventor of the light bulb suffered from dyslexia.10. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)The creator of "Starry Night" suffered from bipolar disorder and depression.11. Winston Churchill (1874-1965)The former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom suffered from bipolar disorder and dyslexia.12. Albert Einstein (1879-1955)The creator of the theory of relativity suffered from dyslexia.13. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)This famous artist suffered from depression.14. Walt Disney (1901-1966)The man behind Mickey Mouse suffered from dyslexia.15. Buzz Aldrin (1930- )This astronaut, the second person to walk on the moon, suffers from depression.16. Elton John (1947- )This musician who wrote the song "Can You Feel The Love Tonight," suffered from bulimia.17. Ozzy Osbourne (1948- )This musician, known as The Prince of Darkness, suffers from bipolar disorder.20. Robin Williams (1951-2014)Loved by many, this actor and comedian lost his battle to depression in 2014.19. Stephen Fry (1957- )This actor and comedian suffers from bipolar disorder.20. Princess Diana of Wales (1961-1997)The late princess suffered from bulimia and depression.21. Jim Carrey (1962- )This actor and comedian suffers from depression.22. Ben Stiller (1965- )This actor and comedian suffers from bipolar disorder.23. Kurt Cobain (1967-1994)Founder and lead singer of the grunge-rock band Nirvana, Cobain suffered from ADD and bipolar disorder.24. Leonardo DiCaprio (1974- )This actor suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).25. Heath Ledger (1979-2008)This Australian-born actor known for his amazing performance as The Joker in "Batman: The Dark Knight," suffered from insomnia, anxiety, and depression.Every one in five people have a mental illness of some kind.These 25 people are only a tiny fraction of those who have some kind of mental illness in the "famous" or "well-known" spectrum. There are even more of those who have it in our day to day lives.O11 Historical Geniuses and Their Possible Mental DisordersBY KATHY BENJAMINSEPTEMBER 11, 2012WARREN, HENRY F., WIKIMEDIA COMMONS// PUBLIC DOMAINStudies have shown that there are much higher instances of mental disorder in political leaders and creative geniuses than in the general population. And while it's impossible to be completely sure of a correct diagnosis of a historical figure, that hasn't stopped researchers from making educated guesses. Here's a speculative look at the mental health of 11 of history's big thinkers.1. ABRAHAM LINCOLN // DEPRESSIONThe Great Emancipator managed to lead the country through one of its more trying times, despite suffering from severe depression most of his life. According to one Lincoln biographer, letters left by the president's friends referred to him as "the most depressed person they've ever seen." On at least one occasion, he was so overcome with "melancholy" that he collapsed. Both his mother and numerous members of his father's family exhibited similar symptoms of severe depression, indicating he was probably biologically susceptible to the illness. Lincoln is even assumed to be the author of a poem published in 1838, "The Suicide's Soliloquy," which contains the lines:Hell! What is hell to one like meWho pleasures never knew;By friends consigned to misery,By hope deserted too?2. LUDWIG VON BEETHOVEN // BIPOLAR DISORDERWhen the composer died of liver failure in 1827, he had been self-medicating his many health problems with alcohol for decades. Sadly, much of what he may have suffered from probably could have been managed with today's medications, including a serious case of bipolar disorder. Beethoven's fits of mania were well known in his circle of friends, and when he was on a high he could compose numerous works at once. It was during his down periods that many of his most celebrated works were written. Sadly, that was also when he contemplated suicide, as he told his brothers in letters throughout his life. During the early part of 1813 he went through such a depressive period that he stopped caring about his appearance, and would fly into rages during dinner parties. He also stopped composing almost completely during that time.3. EDVARD MUNCH // PANIC ATTACKSThe world's most famous panic attack occurred in Olso during January 1892. Munch recorded the episode in his diary:"One evening I was walking along a path, the city was on one side and the fjord below. I felt tired and ill. I stopped and looked out over the fjord—the sun was setting, and the clouds turning blood red. I sensed a scream passing through nature."This experience affected the artist so deeply he returned to the moment again and again, eventually making two paintings, two pastels, and a lithograph based on his experience, as well as penning a poem derived from the diary entry. While it isn't known if Munch had any more panic attacks, mental illness did run in his family; at the time of his episode, his bipolar sister was in an asylum.21 Historical Figures You Didn’t Know Had Serious Mental DisordersBy John KuroskiPublished May 28, 2017Updated December 1, 20176 of 22PreviousAbraham LincolnContemporaries described Abraham Lincoln's periods of profound sadness and even suicidal thoughts as "melancholy." Today, we know that America's 16th president was actually battling clinical depression.The condition, coupled with anxiety attacks, ran in his family and plagued him from a very young age, when he was still simply a young lawyer in Illinois. As his law partner, William Henderson, once said, "His melancholy dripped from him as he walked."Wikimedia CommonsNikola TeslaAccording to contemporary research reported by organizations like the International OCD Foundation and National Geographic, Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla suffered from severe obsessive-compulsive disorder throughout his adult life.As National Geographic writes, "He loathed jewelry and round objects and wouldn't touch hair. He was obsessed with the number three and polished every dining implement he used to perfection, using 18 napkins."Wikimedia CommonsVincent van GoghAs the American Journal of Psychiatrywrites, Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh "had an eccentric personality and unstable moods, suffered from recurrent psychotic episodes during the last 2 years of his extraordinary life, and committed suicide at the age of 37. Despite limited evidence, well over 150 physicians have ventured a perplexing variety of diagnoses of his illness."Those diagnoses, according to the journal, include depression, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, but also schizophrenia, which may have run in his family. However, other writers and physicians have since disputed this diagnosis.Wikimedia CommonsAdolf HitlerPerhaps more than any other figure in history, Adolf Hitler both elicits infinite diagnoses of possible mental disorders and renders any definitive conclusions about said diagnoses all but impossible to attain. As elusive as definitive conclusions may be, that hasn't stopped a veritable subfield concerned with Hitler's possible psychopathology from springing up.Dozens of physicians and writers who either knew Hitler personally or studied him posthumously have advanced possible diagnoses of everything from schizophrenia to narcissistic personality disorder to sadistic personality disorder to antisocial personality disorder to Asperger's syndrome.Wikimedia CommonsVladimir PutinIn 2015, several major news outlets gained access to a secret 2008 Pentagon study that claimed that Russian leader Vladimir Putin may have autism, specifically Asperger's syndrome.A team of doctors studied Putin's movement patterns and defensive behavior in large social settings to ultimately conclude that his "neurological development was significantly interrupted in infancy" by some tragic event and that he now "carries a neurological abnormality."Wikimedia CommonsWolfgang Amadeus MozartHe created some of the most sophisticated music ever written, yet is also well-known for some of the most vulgar scatology you'll ever read. Indeed, many now know that the letters, biographies, and unofficial compositions of Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are filled with references to feces, buttocks, and the like.And what some medical journals have now suggested is that these vulgar preoccupations — along with his vocal and motor tics — indicate that Mozart had Tourette's syndrome.Wikimedia Commons

Could any state have stayed neutral during the civil war?

I assume the question is about the American Civil War, rather than one of the many other civil wars in history?In which case, Kentucky actually tried to do this. They managed to remain neutral for several months, but eventually their neutrality was violated (by the South) and they were drawn into the war. If the conflict had ended before that happened, then their neutrality would have been preserved.Kentucky in 1861 was a slave state: 23% of households owned slaves. Most plantations were concentrated in the west and south of the state, near the rivers. However, there was also a strong pro-Union sentiment in other parts of the state, leading to division.After Lincoln's election, South Carolina was the first state to declare secession in December 1860, followed over the next three weeks by Mississippi, Florida and Alabama. Georgia, Louisiana and Texas had followed suit by 4 February when representatives of those seven states met in Montgomery, Alabama to declare the foundation of the Confederacy. The remaining Confederate states did not secede until April-May, after the attack on Fort Sumter.The State of Alabama appointed a commissioner, Stephen Hale, to try to persuade the state government of Kentucky to join their rebellion. (Similar diplomatic moves were also made to other states.) Hale wrote to the Governor of Kentucky, Beriah Magoffin, on 27 December 1860, warning him that President-elect Lincoln believed in "one dogma, the Equality of the Races, white and black" and that he even "claims for free negroes the right of suffrage, and an equal voice in the Government" (the horror!) — something Hale argued that the US Constitution did not recognise.Hale warned in lurid terms that Lincoln's policies would inevitably incite slaves to rebel against their masters:The triumph of this new theory of Government destroys the property of the South, lays waste her fields, and inaugurates all the horrors of a San Domingo servile insurrection, consigning her citizens to assassinations, and her wives and daughters to pollution and violation, to gratify the lust of half-civilized Africans.[...]Who can look upon such a picture without a shudder? What Southern man, be he slave-holder or non-slave-holder, can without indignation and horror contemplate the triumph of negro equality, and see his own sons and daughters, in the not distant future, associating with free negroes upon terms of political and social equality, and the white man stripped, by the Heaven-daring hand of fanaticism of that title to superiority over the black race which God himself has bestowed?—Letter from S F Hale, Commissioner from Alabama,to B Magoffin, Governor of Kentucky, 27 December 1860Magoffin accepted Hale's arguments — he replied to the letter quoted above stating he entirely agreed with Hale's description of "the intolerable wrongs and menacing dangers" that Lincoln's "insane crusade" against slavery threatened to bring about.However, Magoffin regarded secession as the final resort if other negotiation failed. He hoped that if the 15 slave states acted together "within the Union", they might be able to divide the opposition, prevent Lincoln from enacting his policies, and perhaps even secure an Amendment to the Constitution that would explicitly protect slavery and white supremacy. Nevertheless, he promised to present Hale's arguments to the next meeting of the Kentucky state legislature.Beriah Magoffin, the pro-slavery governor of KentuckyThe Kentucky General Assembly, however, was divided, and there was no majority for secession. When Magoffin asked for the creation of a special convention to discuss state sovereignty, Unionist representatives in the Assembly were able to defeat the motion. It was notable that legislators from the western counties of Kentucky, those where slave-owning was most heavily concentrated, were unanimously in favour of the idea; but those elected by the more mountainous eastern counties opposed secession.The result was that when the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America met on 4 February 1861, Kentucky was not represented among them.Lincoln was inaugurated as President on 4 March 1861. A month later on 12 April, Confederate artillery opened fire on Fort Sumter. Lincoln treated this as a declaration of open war, and on 15 April called for volunteers to suppress the rebellion. By law, the President was entitled to mobilise a maximum of 75,000 troops from the various State militias (they were not called the 'National Guard' until 1903). This was put into effect: 87 regiments of militia were called up, with the largest loyal state, New York, being ordered to provide 17 regiments and eleven of the smallest states providing one regiment each. Kentucky's quota was to be four regiments.Some state legislatures reacted with enthusiasm. The governors of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia and Arkansas refused point-blank to provide troops, instead sending defiant messages back to Lincoln. Governor Magoffin of Kentucky told the President:I will send not a man nor a dollar for the wicked purpose of subduing my sister Southern states.— Governor MagoffinWithin two days of Lincoln's demand for troops to crush Secession, Virginia had itself seceded in response. Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina soon followed. Governor Magoffin wanted to do the same; indeed he stated on 7 May that in his opinion, "the late American Union is dissolved". However, he could not persuade the Kentucky General Assembly to agree.This was due to skilfull political manoeuvring by the Unionist representatives in the General Assembly. In the fervid atmosphere of April-May 1861, it is quite possible that a majority of Kentucky delegates might have voted for secession. Instead, the Unionists proposed neutrality as a compromise:This State and the citizens thereof should take no part in the Civil War now being waged, except as mediators, and as friends to the belligerent parties; and Kentucky should, during the contest, occupy a position of strict neutrality.— Resolution of the Kentucky House of Representatives, 16 May 1861This motion was passed by the state House of Representatives on 16 May 1861. On the same day, the Kentucky Senate passed a similar resolution of neutrality, which explained their motives in more detail:Being connected with the seceding states geographically, and having the same domestic institution, Kentucky is unwilling to take up arms against them; being attached to the national government under which she has always lived and greatly prospered, and having no cause for war against it, she can not take up arms to overthrow it.— Resolution of the Kentucky Senate, 16 May 1861The resolution went on to say that Kentucky would remain part of the Union ('will not sever her connection with the national government'), but would not take up arms to fight the Southern states. Instead, Kentucky's state militia would be used in self-defence only, "preserving peace and tranquility within her own borders". The state Senate asked both belligerents to respect this position of neutrality.Following this resolution, Governor Magoffin issued a proclamation warning the Confederate and Union governments alike that any attempt by either of them to move troops into Kentucky was now forbidden. The state militia would enforce this decision if necessary.President Lincoln took a pragmatic view of this development. Kentucky was an important state, with a strategic position in the Ohio valley allowing it to potentially cut the Union in half if its troops marched north. If the state seceded, which seemed quite possible in spring 1861, it would be a very serious blow to the Northern cause. That meant that accepting Kentucky's neutrality was a much better option than pushing them into the hands of the Confederacy.Indeed, on 26 April Lincoln remarked that while it was Kentucky's moral duty to assist in putting down the rebellion, "he had neither power, right nor disposition to coerce her; and if she made no war upon his own government, the United States, he would make none upon her."The Union did take the precaution of establishing armed bases just across the Ohio River from Kentucky, at Camp Clay near Cincinnati, Camp Joe Holt near Jeffersonville, and Cairo in Illinois, just in case Kentucky's neutrality ended. These bases also accepted recruits from Kentucky who wanted to join the Union army. The Confederacy did the same, setting up bases in Tennessee along the Kentucky border and recruiting sympathisers from the state into their own army.Cartoon in Harper’s Weekly from June 1861, complaining that Kentucky’s neutrality benefitted the Confederacy. Note the bottle of Kentucky bourbon at Magoffin’s belt, and that Jefferson Davis is depicted as a pirate (and a cat).Kentucky's neutrality lasted about five months, until September 1861. During that time, Unionist sympathy in the state was growing. They won most of the seats in the June elections for Congress, while in the August elections for the state legislature the Unionists won more than three quarters of the seats in the House and just under three quarters in the Senate.Tensions grew within the state, as both Unionists and Secessionists believed that the policy of neutrality could not last. A particular grievance was the establishment on 6 August of Camp Dick Robinson in eastern Kentucky. This was a training base for members of the Kentucky militia who were pro-Union in sympathies. It did not violate Kentucky's neutrality since they were not part of the Union army, and took no military action other than training and preparation. They were, they proclaimed, "loyal Kentuckians assembled upon their native soil". Still, the pro-South faction in the state was both alarmed and angry at this development. When Governor Magoffin complained to President Lincoln, Lincoln replied that the troops were 'an indigenous force' and nothing to do with the Federal government.Soon after these events, on 4 September 1861, the Confederate States finally violated Kentucky's neutrality openly. General Leonidas Polk commanded the CSA's Department No 2, responsible for defending the tongue of land between the Mississippi and Tennessee rivers. He wanted to block the Mississippi to Union shipping, and noted that the town of Columbus in Kentucky was on a high bluff overlooking the river. Polk sent some of his troops to occupy the area, and build a fort (with 143 cannons) on the high ground.The Confederate fortified position at Columbus, overlooking the Mississippi. (The picture shows a scene from later on, in November 1861)Polk's action may have made tactical sense at the time, but it was a major strategic blunder since it gave the Union a justification for crossing the border into Kentucky themselves. On 6 September, two days after the Confederate incursion, a detachment of Union troops under the soon-to-be-famous Ulysses S Grant occupied Paducah in Kentucky, commanding the junction between the Ohio and Tennessee rivers.Governor Magoffin demanded that both sides withdraw their troops from Kentucky territory. However, when he asked the state legislature to follow suit, the Unionist majority overrode his wishes and instead passed a resolution on 11 September which only condemned the initial Confederate violation, not the Union's response; demanded that the Confederates (just the Confederates) should withdraw their troops; and authorised the state militia to 'drive out the invaders'. Magoffin vetoed the resolution; the General Assembly had enough votes to override his veto, so the motion was passed.The United States flag was formally raised over the state Capitol in Frankfort. Neutrality was over.In response to Kentucky declaring for the Union, the Confederate general Albert S Johnston immediately sent troops to occupy the southern part of the state and establish a defensive line. Simon Bolivar Buckner, a Southern sympathiser and former commander of the Kentucky militia, accepted the rank of brigadier general in the Confederate army and occupied Bowling Green in central Kentucky, turning it into a Confederate stronghold.The strategic situation in September 1861. Note the importance of the rivers for transport and communication. The Union would try to use the Mississippi, Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers as highways into the Confederate heartland; the Confederates would try to block them.The Union moved more slowly, apart from consolidating control of the area where they already had sympathisers, but in January 1862 they began an offensive into Kentucky. Buell's Army of the Ohio marched towards the Cumberland Gap in the east while the force that would later (March 1862) be named the Army of the Tennessee under Grant advanced up the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers.While the state legislature in Frankfort was now openly supporting the Union, the pro-slavery faction was unwilling to compromise, and believed they represented the true will of the people of Kentucky. Accordingly, they decided to form their own secessionist state government. On 18 November a group of 116 delegates met in Russellville, 26 miles from Bowling Green, and declared that the State of Kentucky had seceded from the Union. They elected a plantation owner, George Johnson, as governor and made Bowling Green their capital.The Confederate States officially recognised the Bowling Green group as the legal government of Kentucky, and accepted the state into the Confederacy on 10 December 1861. They only remained in their capital for a couple more months; after General U S Grant captured Fort Henry on 6 February 1862 the Confederate army abandoned Bowling Green, and the self-proclaimed Confederate government of Kentucky had to retreat into Tennessee. They would briefly return to their home state in September-October 1862 as the Confederates advanced again, only to be forced to return to Tennessee as their protectors were once again driven back.They then faded into obscurity. Governor Johnson was killed at the Battle of Shiloh; his successor, Richard Hawes, ended up living with his sister in Virginia and periodically travelling to Richmond to plead with the Confederate government for them to recapture Kentucky. They never did.It is certainly feasible that Kentucky might have maintained its neutrality for longer. Lincoln was willing to play the long game and avoid taking actions that might have pushed the state into rebellion. As long as it seemed likely that the Civil War would be short, and decided by a climactic battle in northern Virginia, there was no need to send troops into Kentucky. However, as the war dragged on such a position is likely to have become less tenable. The 'Anaconda Plan' devised by Winfield Scott for the Union entailed marching down the Mississippi valley to cut the Confederacy in half and seize its main communications artery: doing that would mean a violation of Kentucky territory. (The west bank of the Mississippi in Arkansas lacked the railway infrastructure to support an advance.) Lincoln would almost certainly prefer to wait for the Confederates to act first and give him an excuse, as they actually did historically; but he might eventually have been pushed into acting unilaterally.From the Confederate perspective, Kentucky offered a valuable defensive barrier protecting their northern flank. As such, Polk's decision to violate their neutrality seems to have been an error. In his defence, setting up a strong fortress at Colombus with 143 cannons seemed to be a more secure defence of the river than merely trusting in the Union's willingness to respect Kentucky's neutrality. Polk seized the high ground, physically if not morally.

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