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Had it not been for Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Davangere would have been the capital of Karnataka. Davangere is right in the centre of Karnataka. An ideal bridge between North and South Karnataka, it has been influenced equally by both the regions of the state. You can find Davangere to be famous for Benne Dose, which obviously is an indication of influence from the South and it is famous for Mirchi Bhajji and Mandakki also which is an influence of the Northern part of Karnataka.Davangere is a highly industrialized city and till the 1980′s was called as Manchester of Karnataka because of its numerous cotton mills. Till 1997, it was a part of Chitradurga district but in 1997, a separate district was created for Davangere. Davanagere has been a pioneer in municipal administration with the city attaining the status of a municipality as early as 1870.The Imperial Gazatteer of India (1911) says that the receipts and expenditure of the municipality, during the ten years ending 1901, averaged Rs 14,200 and Rs 12,600 respectively. Davangere is a major centre for trade in agricultural commodities. Davangere is surrounded by Chitradurga, Bellary, Shimoga, Chikmagalur and Haveri districts. With a population of about half a million, Davangere is the sixth largest city in Karnataka. Davangere has an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 74.04%.Now consider the parameters taken into account for selecting cities under smart city project.Stage 1Existing Service Levels (25 points): This includes Increase in service levels over Census 2011, an operational Online Grievance Redressal System, Publication of at least first monthly newsletter and online publication of municipal budget expenditure details for the last two financial years on website.Institutional Systems and Capacities (15 points): This covers imposition of penalties for delays in service delivery and improvement in internal resource generation over the last three years;Self-financing (30 points): This would be reflected in payment of salaries by urban local bodies up to last month, Auditing of accounts up to FY 201213, Contribution of internal revenues to the Budget for 201415 and Percentage of establishment and maintenance cost of water supply met through user charges during 201415.Past track record (30 points): Percentage of JNNURM projects completed which were sanctioned till 2012, Percentage of City level reforms achieved under JNNURM and extent of capital expenditure met from internal resources.Davangere scores well on all these parameters. It has always had a fantastic municipal corporation from way back in 1890′s! It is an industrialized city and an important city for trade as it is surrounded by Shivamogga, Ballari, Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, and Haveri. Majority of JNNURM projects in Karnataka have gone into the development of KSRTC, the state transport corporation. Davangere is well-connected by road to Mumbai, Pune, Goa, Bangalore, Mangalore and Chennai through National Highway 4 (India)(previously Pune-Bangalore Highway and now Mumbai-Pune-Bengaluru-Chennai Highway). Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, has a divisional office situated in Davanagere City. The city is well-connected to Bangalore and other cities in the state by KSRTC buses.Now let us consider stage 2.Stage 2Impact of proposal: To what extent the proposal is inclusive in terms of benefits to the poor and disadvantaged, Extent of employment generation, Articulation of quantifiable outcomes based on citizen consultations, Impact on environment etc.Cost effectiveness of Smart City Plan: Application of smart solutions for doing more with less of resources, Alternatives considered to enhance cost effectiveness of the proposal, firming up of resources required from various sources, Provision for Operation & Maintenance Costs, IT interventions to improve public service delivery.Innovation and Scalability: Extent of adoption of best practices in consultation with citizens, Applicability of project to the entire city, Adoption of smart solutions and Pan city developments.Processes followed: Extent of citizen consultations, vulnerable sections like the differently abled, children, elderly etc., ward committees and area sabhas and important citizen groups, Extent of use of social media and mobile governance during citizen consultations and Accommodation of contrary voices in the strategy and planning.Davangere is a diverse city with an excellent record. The diverse society here has largely been peaceful and has coexisted without any issues. Being in such a strategic location will help the state in general. More than 12% of the population in Davangere is less than 6 years of age, which makes it score on point no 4 as well.It is an excellent candidate for being a “smart city” and has been rightly chosen for the ambitious project. I whole heartedly support the inclusion of Davangere in the first list released by the Government of India. Not only does Davangere deserve to be in the list, but also if in case the Karnataka State Government tries to have an alternative capital for the state in the future, then Davangere would be the best option

President Obama’s efforts to fuel innovation and entrepreneurship are wide-ranging and unprecedented. As Chief Technology Officer of the United States (a position created for the first time by President Obama), I see these efforts first-hand throughout the Administration—and as an entrepreneur who cofounded a company at age 24 and took it public ten years later, I have a special appreciation for how startups and innovation create jobs and prosperity across the countryLet’s focus on three areas where the President’s leadership is making a huge impact: promoting high-growth entrepreneurship, helping accelerate technology breakthroughs, and investing in the “building blocks” of innovation. This is by no means a comprehensive list of every Administration effort to foster innovation across the United States, but every example below is specific, impactful, and well underway.Promoting high-growth entrepreneurshipUnlocking capital: This spring President Obama signed the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act (http://wh.gov/QBy), a bipartisan bill that allows startups to raise capital from investors more efficiently, among other initiatives, by allowing small-dollar crowdfunding investments (http://wh.gov/3Buf), expanding mini-public offerings, and creating an “IPO on-ramp” consistent with investor protections. This is on top of an Administration commitment of $2 billion to match private investment in high-growth companies over the next five years through vehicles such as Impact Investment Funds (http://1.usa.gov/rfYCI8) and Early Stage Innovation Funds (http://1.usa.gov/JFf36a). The Small Business Investment Company program just had a record year in 2011 of helping over 1,000 businesses get $2.6 billion in capital.Nurturing entrepreneurial talent: President Obama has taken executive action to make it much easier for graduates to manage student loan debt (http://wh.gov/uc1) and pursue an entrepreneurial path (http://wh.gov/TX5). The Administration has launched new mentorship and training opportunities for thousands of entrepreneurs starting new high-growth companies—including military veterans (http://1.usa.gov/NHNTE8), undergraduate engineers (http://1.usa.gov/qJOiWK), and clean energy entrepreneurs (http://1.usa.gov/fm47Pr) and students (http://1.usa.gov/o0kdfS) — and is engaged in sustained efforts to attract and retain immigrant entrepreneurs who create jobs here in the US (http://1.usa.gov/NglcgG).Speeding up “lab to market” research: The President has directed all federal research agencies to help accelerate innovation (http://wh.gov/Tuh) by speeding up grants to startups. The National Science Foundation launched an Innovation Corps (http://1.usa.gov/pQSt45) to get teams of scientists out of the lab and starting new companies. Over twenty federal agencies have cooperated to fund regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (http://1.usa.gov/qV9X0e), and are dramatically streamlining patent licenses for entrepreneurs in clean energy (http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/category/startup_america) and biotech (http://www.ott.nih.gov/startup).Liberating data to fuel innovation: The Administration has launched a series of Open Data Initiatives—in health (http://wh.gov/5bg), public safety (http://wh.gov/v9W), education (http://wh.gov/uDZ), and energy (http://wh.gov/OGKY) —to stimulate entrepreneurial innovation using newly unleashed data from government and other sources. As a model, decades ago, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (http://noaa.gov) began making weather data available for free electronic download by anyone. Entrepreneurs utilized these data (http://data.gov) to create weather newscasts, websites, mobile applications, insurance, and much more. Today, entrepreneurs are using freely available government data and building apps and services that help Americans in an expanding number of ways – e.g., apps and services that help people find the right health care provider for their family, identify the college that provides the best value for their money, save money on electricity bills through smarter shopping (http://wh.gov/REo), keep their families safe by knowing which products have been recalled, and much, much more.The Startup America Partnership: In response to the President’s call to action to support American entrepreneurs, the nonprofit Startup America Partnership (http://s.co) has mobilized well over $1 billion in private-sector commitments to help support startups and has launched entrepreneur-led coalitions in Startup Regions (http://www.s.co/regions/map) across the country.Helping accelerate technology breakthroughsBiotechnology: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has launched a new National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (http://www.ncats.nih.gov/) to speed up the development of new diagnostics, treatments, and cures by building new bridges between the lab and clinic.Nanotechnology: The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) (http://nano.gov) is investing in areas such as nano-electronics, to foster a revolution in computing comparable to the transition from the vacuum tube to the transistor.Advanced manufacturing: President Obama launched the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership (AMP) (http://1.usa.gov/Q8uopK), a national effort that brings together industry, universities, and the federal government to invest in the emerging technologies that create high-quality manufacturing jobs and enhance our global competitiveness (read the AMP Steering Committee report: http://wh.gov/xTFw). As a first step in building a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (http://1.usa.gov/N0izNg), the Administration is funding a pilot institute for additive manufacturing (3-D printing) (http://1.usa.gov/HhHgBC). The President has also launched a National Robotics Initiative (http://wh.gov/rEt) and a Materials Genome Initiative (http://wh.gov/yF4) to help accelerate manufacturing innovation.Space exploration: Guided by the President’s National Space Policy (http://wh.gov/3HB), NASA, the Department of Defense, and other agencies are advancing U.S. capabilities and expanding American industry’s role in developing next-generation applications—including the historic docking of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft (http://1.usa.gov/Nk2qQD) with the International Space Station.Health care technology: Building on the Recovery Act (http://wh.gov/recovery) and the Affordable Care Act (http://wh.gov/healthreform), the Administration is continuously engaged in major efforts to promote health information technology adoption, reform payment incentives to reward value instead of volume, and liberate health information for the benefit of patients while protecting privacy.Educational technologies: To advance technologies that will transform teaching and learning, the President launched the Digital Promise partnership (http://1.usa.gov/Ole1n1) and championed a new Advanced Research Projects Agency for Education (ARPA-ED) (http://1.usa.gov/h9kob4).Clean energy: The Administration is working to accelerate game-changing energy breakthroughs by funding the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) (http://arpa-e.energy.gov/) and Energy Innovation Hubs (http://1.usa.gov/NHPOII), while pursuing 21st century grand challenges like SunShot (http://1.usa.gov/jignu6) (making solar energy cost-competitive with fossil fuels) and EV Everywhere (http://wh.gov/XFe) (making electric vehicles as affordable and convenient to own and drive as today’s gasoline-powered vehicles).Investing in “building blocks” of innovationResearch and development: The market innovations that drive economic progress so often depend on breakthroughs in fundamental science. President Obama has implemented the largest increase in federally funded research and development (R&D) in history (http://1.usa.gov/h1cg9G), and is making continuous investments to fuel “Big Data” (http://1.usa.gov/OlfERF) research and double funding for key basic research agencies.Education: The President has led the charge to provide every K-12 student in America with a world-class education, including the historic Race to the Top (http://1.usa.gov/2rYyB0) investments to drive comprehensive reform at the state and district levels. The Investing in Innovation (I3) fund (http://1.usa.gov/Nk4R5x) supports school districts and nonprofit partners to develop, validate, and implement innovative evidence-based practices that accelerate student learning and achievement. And the President has doubled down on education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by launching a STEM Master Teacher Corps (http://1.usa.gov/Olgpdu) along with public/private investments to scale up high-quality STEM programs (http://changetheequation.org), prepare 100,000 STEM teachers over the next decade (http://wh.gov/tZl), and graduate 10,000 more engineers every year (http://1.usa.gov/ppgPfX).Internet: The President signed legislation to invest $7 billion in broadband infrastructure, computers, and training (http://www.broadbandusa.gov/) for consumers and businesses nationwide, and has moved to dramatically expand high-speed wireless service for consumers and first responders through both direct executive action (http://1.usa.gov/Olh0M9) and legislation (http://wh.gov/l17z). Through the US Ignite partnership (http://1.usa.gov/OlhmCt), the Administration has also laid the groundwork for next-generation ultra-fast broadband networks. And during the national debate over the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and related legislation, the Administration made clear that the important task of protecting intellectual property online must not threaten an open and innovative internet (http://1.usa.gov/Nk5P1S).Smart grid: To build a 21st century electric system, the President led the charge to make over $4.5 billion in smart grid (http://smartgrid.gov) investments for electricity delivery and energy reliability modernization, along with new smart grid initiatives to empower consumers (http://wh.gov/DpJ), improve the reliability of the electric grid, and spur innovation.Patent system: President Obama signed the bipartisan America Invents Act (http://wh.gov/gOT) after nearly a decade of efforts to reform the nation’s outdated patent laws. The new law is helping entrepreneurs and inventors avoid costly delays and unnecessary litigation so they can focus instead on innovation and growth.Again, this list is not comprehensive—for more details, check out the White House Startup America Initiative (http://1.usa.gov/xmHjcs) and the President’s Strategy for American Innovation (http://1.usa.gov/9bT9XU). And I have barely touched on all the ways that President Obama has fostered massive innovation within government, from unprecedented use of prizes and challenges (http://wh.gov/ho3) to the new Presidential Innovation Fellows program (http://wh.gov/innovationfellows) that pairs top innovators from outside and inside government to implement cutting-edge solutions for the American people.To stay up to date on President Obama’s innovation agenda, you can follow me on Twitter @todd_park and @whitehouseostp.

Genesis of Yadavas: - King Yadu was somvanshi son of King Yayati, had four sons, they were Prince Sashtrajeet, Kroshta, Nal and Ripu. Since king Yadu due to conflict with his father Yayati over exchanging of his youth with his father resulted in outcast of Yadu by Yayati. Further king Yadu order his present generation in blood line and coming generation hence forth to be termed as vansh (seed) of king Yadu, thus Yaduvanshi and gradually to Yadav. The elder son of king Yadu got to rule the Northern India and his blood line further called as "Haihai Yadav" occupying the northern regions whereas the King Kroshta's (other son of Yadu) generation became to be known as "Kroshta Yadav' occupying southern regions. It was king Kroshta yadav who latter acquired whole kingdom of north and south and became the first Yaduvanshi ruler. King Kroshta Yadav was the 8th king in the line of Yaduvanshis.Latter King Bhoj (14th in the line) ruled northern India called "Bhoj Pur". The local dialect thus now called as Bhojpuri.King Surasena was the 44th, King Vasudeva was 45th generation in line and 46th was the king Shri Krishna.Shri Krishna's son Pradhyumna (47th) and than the grandson Anirudh (48th).At this stage there were millions of Yadavas spread all over the world. ( It is said that Yahudi is the derived term of Yadu/yaduvanshi.)However coming back on the core of question raised.After the war of Mahabharata, Gandhari accused Shri Krishna for all this sufferings and especially she was shattered by the death of her eldest son Duryodhana. In a fit of rage she cursed Shri Krishna with destruction of the whole of his Yadav vansh including him. But that should not be taken literally as death of all the Yadavas all over India or world. Since whole of Gokul Vrindawan, Mathura, Brij etc. were mostly populated with Yadavas as civilians, they were in millions. How is it possible that all that millions of population get vanished with this curse? As well there is no specification of any such catastrophic event or happening in the Mahabharata or other historical books.The curse was for all those Yadavas who were directly associated with Shri Krishna during the war of Mahabharatha. Secondly the curse was not applicable to those who are not born at the time when actual curse was imposed by Rishi Vishwamitra. It took almost 36 years of dormant period and finally induce effectiveness for both the curses (from Gandhari nested with the curse from Vishwamitra) thus killing 1000s of Yadavas belong to the vansh (seed) of Krishna.The curse by Gandhari started manifesting when few Yadav princess from Dwarka along with Sambh/samba Yadav (Son of Shri Krishna and Jambavati) played a prank with Rishi Vishwamitra by wrapping cloth as saree and took him to the rishis for their blessings so that the lady (disguised samba) could beget a son. Taking this as a sheer insult the angered rishi cursed Sambh Yadav to beget an iron Moosal (Flail to crush the grains) which further resulted as the cause of death of Yadav Vansh who played such derogatory prank. Understanding the severity of the curse as advised by Shri Krisha, the flail was crushed to powder and dumped across river bank but that didn't help either to avoid the curse and later the powder germinated was sprouted out into sharp poisonous hard kush (grass) which in turn was used by the Andhak, Vrishni and other Yaduvanshi as the weapon to kill each other while fighting among themselves.Since the incident of prank towards Rishi Vishwamitra took place in Dwarka so as the curse. As a result hence the fight was among Yadavas mostly in close association with Shri Krishna who earlier migrated to Dwarka from Mathura.The another grandson of Shri Krishna Vrijnabh when heard about the death of his father Pradhyumna (son of Shri Krishna) died of heart attack on the way towards Dwarka. The two great grandsons of Shri Krishna and sons of Vrijnabh (Vraj Yadav and Kheer Yadav) got survived of the curse effect as both were not born at the time of curse by Vishwamitra.Vraj Yadav returned to Mathura and become the ruler of northern region, while Kheer Yadav ruled Dwarka. The descendants of both as well survived Yadavas as civilians all over Bharatvarsha are known as Yaduvanshis today and use surname as Yadav.More information further: -King Yadu and his past generation were Kshatirya (warrior) so as further descendants too were warriors. King Vasudeva was warrior so as the son Shri Krishna was Kshatriya (warrior) by Varna (social class as per adopted profession). Latter on when he moved to Nanda’s home he become the Gwala (Milkman) and farmer which by Varna called as “Vaisya” (the productive labor class or farmers/cowherds). Subsequently latter when Shri Krishna ruled Mathura again he and other gwalas (Milkmen) as his associates in ruling kingdom were termed as Kshatriya (warrior class). See this was the beauty of ancient Indian Varna (social class) system based on “Guna and Karma” as adopted profession and skill but never imposed as the permanent caste tag on whole generation. Ironically this unique and best social class system is today distorted into ugly and corrupt caste system. Thanks to White British and latter black and brown British after Independence.Yadavas are also termed as Ahirs. Ahir is derived from settlers of Ahirwal located in between Rajasthan and Haryana region. Ahir is also said to be derived from Abhirs the community from Yaduvanshi line who married widows and girls of Yadavas directly in association and in relation to Shri Krishna killed in conflicts fighting among themselves due to curse.Abhir or Ahir means fearless and are straightforward as well even may be shot tempered.The Ahirs of Mathura and Braja regions were known to be peace loving cowherds whereas the Abhirs of Hariyana and Mahendraghad, who later on became to be called as Ahirs after marrying the widows and daughters of Ahirs (Yadavas killed fighting among themselves), were powerful and accomplished warriors. The generations from the kidnapped women or widows were known as Yaduvanshis. However, the ones with Abhir fathers became to be known as Yadavs. Out of these Yadavs, many have been categorized into economically backward classes whereas the rest of them are flourishing farmers in Hariyana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states.Kunti mother of Pandavas was sister of King Vasudeva and from same Yadav blood line. Hence Shri Khrishna use to call Kunti as Bua (Aunt! don’t know this relation what else is called in English)Yadavas constitutes 20% of Indian population and around 3% of world population.King Hanspat of Hisar city was the 76th Yaduvanshi King after Shree Krishna as per Bharat calander. Accordingly, King Hanspat was born roughly 2520 years after Shree Krishna.Son of Sambh (uncle of Anirudha lead in playing prank with Rishi) Ushneek who was born after curse got survived and later become the king of Sonitpur. Many centuries later, one of the generations of King Ushneek, Devendra lost the kingdom to Nabi Mohammad and as a result his son, Prince Ugrasen was forced to convert to Islam. Prince Ugrasen was also known as Asvapati. Devendra's second son, Prince Gajpati came to Surat and established his own state. Gajpati's generations were known as "Chudasiya Yadavs". Devendra's third son defeated Firozshah in Gazni and ruled thereafter. Devendra's fourth son ruled the states of Kacch and Sindh.Sindh and Multan (now in Pakistan ) was once ruled by Samb (son of Shri Krishna).The Nanda dynasty including Dhananada of Magadh (today’s Bihar) and Patliputra (Today’s Patna) ruled whole northern part are from the same blood line of Yaduvanshi.20th Yaduvanshi King Vidharbh Established the southern state of Vidharbh (now in Maharashtra). He had three sons named Krath, Kaushik and Rompad. One of the descendants of Rompad was called Chedi. He established the states of Chedi, which is now known as Chanderi (now in MP).Yadavas, Gawali, Solaskars from Maharashtra are also said to be Yaduvanshi. Jadhavs too claim to from Yaduvanshi clan.The great Maratha Warrior Shri Shivaji Maharaj’s mother shri Jijabai too was Yadav from Yaduvanshi line.Konar or Idaiyar or Tamil Yadavar is a caste from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a sub-division of Yadava community. Maniyani is a caste of Kerala that claims descent from Krishna.Most historians claim in one voice that Maratha identity was initially laid by Yadav dynasty during 12th century. The Yadavas of Devgiri, modern day Daulatabad are said to be rulers of first known Maratha empire. Raja Seunachandra, was an very early yadav king. who originally ruled a region called Seunadesha present-day Khandesh. The Seuna dynasty claimed descent from the Chandravanshi Yadavas of north India. According to verse 21 of Vratakhand (a Sanskrit work by Hemadri), the Seunas were originally from Mathura and later moved to Dwarka. Bhillama V (1173–1192), a later Yadav ruler, established the sovereign Seuna kingdom. The Marathi saint Dyaneshwar describes them as yadukulvansh tilak. Some Seuna inscriptions call them Dvaravatipuravaradhishvaras ("masters of Dvaravati or Dwaraka"). A stone inscription found at Anjaneri, near Nasik, suggests that a minor branch of the Yadava family ruled a small district, with Anjaneri as its chief city. The inscription indicates that a ruler called Seunadeva, belonging to the Yadava family, called himself Mahasamanta and made a grant to a Jain temple. Scholars such as Dr. O. P. Varma, state that Yadavas were Marathi speakers and the period of their rule was very important for the history of the MarathiRaja Seunachandra Yadav took over the Chalukya capital of Kalyani in 1190 and founded Devagiri (now Daulatabad) as the capital of the Yadava dynasty. Yadavas in the true sense are credited with overthrowing the rule of Kannada-speaking dynasties in Maharashtra. The word Jadhav derives from the word "Yadav"; the Jadhavs traditionally claimed descent from the Yadavas of Devagiri, who in turn claimed descent from Yadu.Conclusion: It's wrong and illogical to say all Yadavas around Bharatvarsha got killed or died during Mahabharata war. The curse was applied on Vansh or Kull of Yadvas who were in direct association and relation with Shri Krishna, as well who took part in war and lived at the time, also those who played prank with rishi Vishwamitra and since Shri Krishna was in direct blood relation with Sambh and other Yadavas, the curse got applied on him as well. Vansh/kull is a Sanskrit/Hindi term for direct blood line within family.Every Individual as the head of Hindu family believes in flourishing and growth of his Vansh further that doesn’t mean it’s reference to whole of the population holding same surname like Yadav, Sharma or Singh etc. etc..