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LADEE LLCD Optical ModuleBandwidth between planets is costly. As we do more in space there is pressure to move toward internet protocol and optical bandwidths. I’m a member of the Interplanetary Internet working group of the IEEE. Its been a subject of study for many years now.Space communication technology has steadily evolved fromexpensive, one-of-a-kind point-to-point architectures, tothe re-use of technology on successive missions, (one to many) tothe development of standard protocols agreed upon by space agencies of many countries (many to many).This last phase started in 1982 with the organisation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS).CCSDS is composed of the major space agencies of the world. It has 11 member agencies, 28 observer agencies, and over 140 industrial associates.The evolution of space data system standards has gone on in parallel with the evolution of the Internet. CCSDS has borrowed heavily from IP but space communications has evolved separately.It was the late 1990s when the familiar Internet protocols were adopted by CCSDS protocols. Since that time they have converged in the following ways;the successful FTP file transfer to Earth-orbiting STRV 1B on January 2, 1996, which ran FTP over the CCSDS IPv4- Space Communications Protocol Specifications (SCPS) protocols.Internet Protocol use without CCSDS on spacecraft, such as on the UoSAT-12 satellite, andthe Disaster Monitoring Constellation.Today networking and IP on board spacecraft have developed into reliable systems.The Interplanetary Internet study at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) was started by a team of scientists at JPL led by Vinton Cerf and the late Adrian Hooke.Cerf pioneered the Internet on here Earth, and currently holds the position of distinguished visiting scientist at JPL. Hooke was one of the founders and directors of CCSDS.SCPS protocols are similar to IP which are feasible for short hops, such as ground station to orbiter, rover to lander, lander to orbiter, probe to flyby.For interplanetary distances delay-tolerant networking is needed to get information from one region of the Solar System to another reliably.Combining location in space as a natural architectural factor will be key to the Interplanetary Internet. In this way characteristics of communication are predictable for given regions of the solar system at given times.What is evolving is a standard way to achieve end-to-end communication through multiple regions of space in a disconnected, variable-delay environment using a generalized suite of protocols.SpaceX has announced it’s StarLink program which will use its reusable rockets to launch 7,518 communications satellites that will use IP like SCPS uplink down link to serve 1 million satellite ground stations. The satellites are linked together with advanced open optical broad band backbone between satellites to provide a global wireless hotspot. SpaceX will capture a large segment of the $1.45 trillion per year wireless telecom market! Profits from this will help settle Mars.Obviously what is done around Earth can be done around the Moon, Mars and other planets.Adding deep space components at GEO and at Lagrange Points surrounding the moon, the Earth and Mars, will provide seamless capability to communicate between worlds. Though delays between Earth and Mars will be substantial compared to what we’re used to on Earth and even the Earth Moon system.SpaceX seeks FCC OK for 1 million satellite broadband Earth stationsSpaceX Receives FCC Approval to Launch 7,518 Starlink Satellites - Via Satellite -How Interplanetary Internet Will Workhttp://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/L.Wood/publications/lloyd-wood-amsat-2011-ip-ip.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/328040351_Future_Architecture_of_the_Interplanetary_Internethttps://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/monograph/series13/DeepCommoOverall--141030A_ama.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/253631211_Free-Space_Optical_Data_Bus_for_Spacecrafthttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/225005720_An_Introduction_to_Free-space_Optical_Communicationshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.10630.pdf

Standard issue plates in New Zealand when they went permanent in 1964 (prior to that they changed every year) they had a two letter, and a maximum four numeral pattern [XX0000]. The first one was [AA100] and the last was [ZZ9999]. In ’96 the plates were a standard six character so there were always four digits so instead of 1 it was 1000.When that series ran out in 2001 we went to a three letter - three numeral pattern [AAA100]. The only vehicles that have reserved the previously described 2 & 4 pattern are diplomatic, foreign embassy, high commission cars. In Wellington they start with DC, in Auckland and Christchurch they start with CC. FC plates are registered to vehicles owned by foreign ambassadors and their family members.Mayoral and ministerial vehicles used the prefix "CR" (CRown)The Prime Minister receives plate CR1, while the plate DC1 is reserved for the British High Commissioner to New Zealand.As the official representative of the Monarch in New Zealand, the Governor General's primary vehicle carries no number plate but instead displays the royal crown. It is the only standard car permitted to operate on New Zealand roads without a number plate.A number of three-letter combinations have been skipped, mainly to avoid offence. These include: ARS, ASS, BAD, BAG, BAT, BRA, BUM, BUT, CNT, CUM, CUN, DUM, FAG, FAK, FAT, FCK, FKN, FKQ, FKU, FQM, FQN, FUC, FUK, FUQ, FUZ, HAG, JAP, JEW, KFC, KGB, KKK, KLL, KNT, KUM, and LSD. Despite negative connotations, the FTP and GAY combinations were issued during 2011.Serials in the CCC and DCC series have been reserved, presumably for diplomatic vehicles. The combinations EBA, FCC, and FNA-FNZ,G(A-H)A were excluded for as yet unknown reasonsMost of this information was taken from Vehicle registration plates of New Zealand - Wikipedia