Hands On Ms Calculator Applications - University: Fill & Download for Free

Disclaimer: The following are my thoughts and views. It might not be what you think or might have experiencrd. Also the details are as such on the date it is published. Things change every year. So some facts that are given might have changed over time.MS in Germany is very demanding and widely sought out throughout the world for reasons such as:Low / No Tuition Fee ( a low fees called semester fees included which is around 350 Euro. Very few colleges have high tuition fee)Prospective Job Market in a developed country such as GermanyInternational CommunityTravel Options: Could travel across Europe if you are a traveler ( approx. 26 countries normally known as Schengen Countries)The Major Cons are:German Language is given a high priority and even if its not mandatory, its best for you if you want to live in Germany for an extended period of time.The Tax is high, but you can make up for it with the high standard of living.In this thread I would like to mention about only about MS in Engineering FieldsFind your interests or range of interest for doing MS. Make a list of the colleges and courses it offers. Go in depth and research about these. Know more about the curriculum, job market etc. You can get a basic idea about this from the DAAD website and for more information to the course website. German Academic Exchange Service - DAAD Now you have made a shortlist. You can use the LinkedIn platform for finding students in particular colleges or alumni who will give advise on the same.There are two kinds of Universities: Technical Universities (denoted as TU/TH) and University of Applied Sciences(FH/HS). Technical universities are mostly research focused and you may find the courses to be more theoretical. Applied universities are more industry oriented and practical's would be more compared to technical universities. However, you should take a caution as to whether you would be able to do PhD with a masters degree from an FH/HS or as if it may be valid in your home country for PhD. As well as for courses with 90 credits, just bear in mind, you might be required to do further 30 credits. I am not entirely sure, but you may find people in LinkedIn and could get a better understanding.Point to Note from experience: Pre requisites and credits are given a high value. There are more chances of rejects if you do not fulfil the criteria.There are lots of common requirements for courses in Germany. Documents such as Transcript, Letter of Recommendation, Letter of Motivation (SOP), Bachelor degree certificate, Language Certificate {TOEFL/IELTS).There are two semesters in a year: Summer ( starts around April) and Winter (starts around October). The application period starts around July- August for Summer and October-November for Winter. These are for the courses that starts the earliest. So you have to prepare the documents before hand.Some basic doubts regarding the documents:GRE: GRE is not mandatory everywhere, but some universities like RWTH Aachen has made it mandatory. It will be provided in the course application details if you need it or not. I do suggest to take the exam and get a good score around 315–320 as it will boost your profile, if you are having not a particularly great profile. Try to write the exams before the deadline so that you can use it for application across all your listed colleges.GATE( for Indian Students): GATE is mandatory for some courses ( e.g. Computational Science Engineering at TU Munich- require 550/1000). It can be introduced in the coming years as part of a screening process as the number of applications are increasing every subsequent year.Work Experience: It is a positive if you are having a work experience in the field of study you are interested. Still a work experience is an added advantage to your profile. Try to obtain the work experience certificate or proof of the same before application starts. They count internships as well.Letter of Motivation (LOM): This might be the hardest document to prepare, but also the most important. Mostly Universities ask for 1–2 pages. Keep on editing and review to make a perfect LOM. Include points such as Why you want to study the particular course, Why Germany, About your Bachelor thesis, work experience, Club activities, Your interests etc which align well with the course you have chosen. Some university asks for LOM in their letter heads( TU Dortmund/ HS Esslingen etc). Hence be careful and get these done before application starts. Try to make your own LOM and if not possible you can use professional help which I would consider as a waste of money.German Language Proficiency: This is not a major requirement for English Taught courses. Some Universities ask on A1, A2 or B1 certificate during application time due to some German electives present in the course. If you plan to stay in Germany for a long time, German language proficiency is required. Every application portal has a upload option for German Language Certificate. I would suggest you to get an A2 certificate to boost your profile. So start preparations either through Goethe Institutes, Private Institutes or any online material you could access easily.TOEFL/IELTS is a requirement for most of the colleges ( some exempt for Indians in universities like HS Esslingen). If you are pursuing MS outside of Germany check which is common for each country. It could be IELTS. IELTS/TOEFL is an easy exam and for those who find English difficult try to focus on the exam pattern. Materials are available online from different platforms. Check Youtube websites for easy learning. Do free online mock tests from Kaplan as well as your TOEFL/IELTS websites. Most universities ask for an average score. The highest that I’ve seen asked is around 90/120 for TOEFL.Letter of Recommendation (LOR): Try to get a minimum of two recommendation letter which is mandatory everywhere, from your professors. Try to get one from your reporting manager if you are working. Most colleges have the upload option, and some needs post. try getting 5 copies of sorts as well as make it in pdf. Some universities require the professors to enter the details in particular URL, hence you have to be prompt about that as well. If you make a course specific LOR it would be more advantageous. Some university asks for LOR in their letter heads( TU Dortmund/ HS Esslingen etc.).CV- A tabular CV, that shows the details from latest to oldest format is preferred. Some universities ask for CV in their university letter head, hence be careful.CGPA- This is a major factor in getting an admit. Generally application requirements ask for a German GPA < 2.5. Here 1 being highest and 4 being the lowest. You can check out your German GPA from TUM Conversion calculator, which could give an approximate German GPA, as different universities use different formulas Grade Conversion Formula for Grades Earned Outside Germany. If you are currently studying, please do ensure to get a good CGPA.Transcript: Be sure to take 5–10 copies of Transcript from your college beforehand. Some college applications are by post, hence taking 1–2 will be a folly. Additionally you would also be required to send to uni-assist as well, if you chose a college which has a tie up with it.School Leaving Certificate: Universities ask for the school leaving certificate ( 12th grade). Do not confuse it with the marksheet. Please upload the pass certificate.Other Documents: Universities such as TU Dortmund and HS Esslingen requires your rank in college, for which the pdf would be provided in the application website. You have to ensure these are obtained. Check out for other requirements as well.Uni Assist- is a third party organizer which has some tie up with universities for application purposes. They check you CGPA and Bachelor qualification for the university and check if you are eligible for application. When you make a list check out the colleges which process through uni assist. You can go to the uni-assist portal select all these colleges, and upload required documents asked by the colleges. The first college selected requires 70 Euro and further colleges an additional 35 Euro.Google is full of answers and reviews. Check out the BharatinGermany videos, MS in Germany, Bharat in Germany groups in FB, Quora for all your doubts and queries. Make use of LinkedIn Platform to connect to people already in the universities.Yocket: is an app which helps in connecting students. It is an android App. You can select all the universities you wish to choose from and the year. They will create group for particular university and year, where you can ask and exchange queries.You do not need to go to agencies and spend lakhs on getting the consultation. There are lot of frauds happening around the world and you can find yourself there as well. If you are motivated enough, do the hardwork and all these procedures yourself. Finally it's your decision.Don’t wait till the application deadline to apply. Try applying at the start of application for its earlier processing so that you would not be needing to take hasty decision at end. Try getting all the documents mentioned above before applications start to make a hassle free approach. Check out if the application is online or via post and proceed accordingly. If you feel your profile is weak, try strengthening it from applying early, better LOM, LOR , German Language proficiency etc.If you wanna know what is a blocked account and what is Expatrio :Eby George's answer to What is a blocked account? How is it used in Germany?If you wanna know about TOEFL: Eby George's answer to How should I prepare for TOEFL?If you wanna know about German Student Visa Procedure: Eby George's answer to How can I get a German visa to study there?ALL THE BEST TO YOU GUYS

Each US university and department has its own admission criteria and tweaks them based on the results. It's not difficult to see how admitted MS students perform and correlate their performance to their admission materials (I don't know if every department does this, but it's not hard). For example, it may turn out that high grades from some colleges/universities do, in fact, select promising applicants. The significance of GRE is particularly easy to calculate (since there's no need to adjust for individual colleges). US Universities optimize their admission criteria to select applicants that can be successful in their graduate programs.As for Point 3, I am not sure I am following the logic. If a student has no research experience, finding a really good excuse does not help -- he/she still has no research experience. On the other hand, research experience is primarily important for PhD admissions, and few students have convincing research experience anyway. Given how many Indian students are admitted to top MS programs, I don't see a problem here.

Caution: Pls be objective while reading this. I still know that I would be trolled. I’m no expert on the politics of JNU. But we all can understand basic numbers & information that JNU has on its website & other public media. Trouble however is that this data is extremely unorganized, as if nobody cares to know about it. At-least that is what I observed. You can draw your own inferences. I’ve tried to compile some critical information at one place which poses certain questions.The student strength & courses: What do they teach at JNU.Let’s go one step at a time. Do you know how many courses are there at JNU & what is the student strength? Here is how it looks.Now we see that there are a total of ~8000 students at JNU. Of this, the lion’s share of 57% students is of social sciences, language, literature & arts (4578 students) & International studies 15% ( 1210 students). So between the two categories, we have 72% of the campus covered.There is another interesting statistic here. Almost 55% of the total student strength i.e. 4359 students are doing M.Phil. or Ph.D. At any campus across the world, the strength of students declines as we move from under-grad courses to post grad & there are very few who pursue doctorate level courses. This is also driven by financial compulsions as people need to get back to the earning workforce fast & get on to a career track. I couldn’t find specific information about why did JNU chose to have such high strength of M.Phil. & doctoral level students. Anyways we’ll use this number once again to derive some conclusions so keep this in mind.Cost of running such University: Just how much does government spends on JNU?Look at the Profit & Loss account of JNU for 2018. This is from the 600 page annual report, & this one page which should possibly be the first section on any annual report, is hiddnen somwhere in the middle. Probably this was not very important in the overall scheme of things. So what do we observe here :So JNU spends about Rs 556 crores per year on its functioning. This is aside of the fixed assets it has, the huge land base, the infra & building it owns which was built on government money at some point. I see that some depreciation is accounted for.So what is the cost per student at JNU ? We can calculate. Rs 556 crore / 8000 students gives us Rs 6.95 lac per student annually. Although the university calculations somewhere quote this number as Rs 2.33 lac per student (Rs 170 crore/7304), this calculation is seriously flawed. The real numbers have to divide the entire university expenses by the number of students. There can be no university withoput students so all expenses eventually have to come from student body & other income.Even if we exclude “other income” & count only the govt subsidy & grants, we have a total expense of Rs 352 crore over 8000 students. We can safely assume that each student consumes Rs 4.4 lacs of government subsidy at JNU every year. Shocking how public money can be misused at scale. What talent are we producing at this high cost subsidy ? This is competing with IITs & IIMs fee.Research, publications & patents at JNUNow the students would say that JNU is an academics focused institution & it should not be compared with commercial institutions. Fair point. I tried to dig in the kind of work & research papers JNU publishes. You would be surprised that for an institution which claims to be the center of academics on social sciences, the claims on the website seem pretty sketchy. Read for yourself as I quote from the website:Publications : The faculty of the University has been regularly publishing many research journal articles, books; contributed chapters in books; presented papers in national and international conferences/workshops and delivered several lectures outside the University.Research: JNU has been promoting research by students and faculty. Faculty members have been able to attract competitive research grants from many national and international funding agencies. Currently, more than 300 research projects are running in the University. Research grants are also received from DST, DBT, ICMR, CSIR, UGC, ICSSR, ICHR, ICCR, Ministries, European Union, European Commission, Ford Foundation, Welcome Trust etc. In addition to research projects, faculty members are also encouraged to undertake consultancy projects. University has also set up an Advanced Instrumentation Research facility where state of the art equipment have been installed to meet the requirements of many science schools/special centers. University has also set up an Intellectual Property Management (IPM) Cell to facilitate filing of patents and technology transfers.As you can see, there is no specific mention of any numbers or concrete claims on research & publications, no names of journals or publications worth mentioning. Perhaps JNU doesn’t need to publish this info as nobody cares to read this. At-least not the students who study there or want to join JNU.But there should be some patents at-least ? All that we find for patents is the below information:Patents by faculty:• R. Bhatnagar (2001-2002). A Process for the Preparation of Non-Toxic Anthrax Vaccine. Indian patent (1222/Del/2001) accepted. International PCT application (PCT/IN2002/00048; WO-03-048390A1, June 12, 2003) published. R. Bhatnagar (2001). A process for constitutively preparing anthrax protective antigen. Indian patent (1127/Del/2001) accepted. R. Bhatnagar (2001). An Anthrax Protective Antigen. Indian patent (1074/Del/2002) accepted.• Aparna Dixit (2007). Anti-diabetic recombinant protein. Indian patent and International PCT applications filed. Aparna Dixit (2007). Recombinant vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila. Indian Patent application filed.• R. Bhatnagar (2008). An immunodominant B cell epitope based protein vaccine against Anthrax. Indian Patent application (2947/DEL/2008) filed. R. Bhatnagar (2008). A pharmaceutical composition of vaccine against Rabies…..its preparation thereof. Indian Patent (1449/DEL/2008) and International PCT (PCT/IN2008/000578) applications filed.• K. J. Mukherjee (2006). A process for getting high yields of xylanases (patent application filed). K.J. Mukherjee (1999). A process for getting high yields of streptokinase. K.J. Mukherjee (2002). Process technology for production of human alpha interferon in E.coli Application No. 212080 (1276/Del/2002) Indian Patent Accepted.• Santosh K. Kar, (2006). Method for Identification and/or Diagnosis of REM Sleep Loss from Blood Samples. Indian Patent. Date of Issue: 24 Oct 2006.So barring some 4 names of Mr. Bhatnagar, Ms. Dixit, Mr Kar & Mr. Mukherjee, there are no patents by any other faculty. Number of patents by students ??? Try searching….I did not find any results. So much for the 57% students doing doctorate level courses.You want to know the best claims about the research JNU publishes ? You’ll find that in the placement brochure (yes they have one, although very superficial & doesn’t disclose any statistics about past placements). Here is what you’ll see in the name of research at JNU:Some inferences from the data above:1) With 4360 students in M.Phil. & Ph.D. courses, there are hardly 1000 research “articles” published in Journals. The university doesn’t name any notable journals while making such claims. This implies that there is just ONE “article” published for every 4.5 students each year. This when there are 600 plus Ph.D. s granted annually. Would you consider this any worthwhile research work ? May be JNU has more “liberal” standards for us to understand this.2) There is huge participation in international conferences. So about 2000 international conferences are attended every year. Again, not sure what materializes in those conferences. Certainly not the research papers or patents.Is the fee hike Justified ? Why punish the meritorious students?Firstly, in view of the data above, it doesn’t appear that there is much focus on output or getting laurels for the nation at JNU. There is absolutely no data point to believe that is the case.Now, let’s look at the “fee” the students pay to study at the university.Let me clarify. The numbers you are looking at are not in thousands or lacs. These are what they are in INR. So Rs 240 is the entire tuition fee paid by JNU student. Aside, they pay a generous Rs 6 for library & Rs 40 as refundable security deposit. How was a university allowed to run with this fee structure & without any hike for decades is itself a research paper in the making. Of-course, nobody at JNU would have time to research on this. IIT Delhi which is located close by charges about Rs 2.25 plus lac annually & IIMs charge about Rs 5 to 10 lac per year. We don’t see any strikes at those places. Students know they need to jump into the job market, start their earning life & also repay the student loan that they carry. JNU is free of any such thoughts or troubles. Probably the reason why students have much time left to create new troubles of their own. Ideology or idle mind, you decide.Is the fee hike justified at JNU ?I don’t want to conclude any political thoughts here. But the data from official sources of the university help us infer a lot of ideas. JNU is a perfect example of bad socialism. If you give something for free, people have no incentive to work & earn. Why would anyone at JNU be in a hurry to find jobs or even publish research. In a nation where we’re are hardly able to educate our children thru primary schools, JNU stands tall as an example of socialist elitism at its best. This must stop. The students may have all the time for doctoral courses, the nation is certainly running out of patience & money to pay for these scholars.Surprised that this social reform idea never came out from the university that claims to be the biggest study centre on social sciences ? Irony died a quite death !!Feel free to mail or write to me on twitterHonest - Unbiased - Simplified, as alwaysEdit on comments raised by some students in defense.Some students have raised questions or tried to defend the protests. Let me try to address some of these questions:Defense 1: There is a corruption of thousands of crores in public distribution system, so why target few hundred crore of JNU subsidy?I think this is amusing argument. So both should stop. Firstly, this is an unfair comparison. National PDS system budget has to be compared with the national/state subsidy on ALL universities in India. I’m sure that amount also will run into thousands of crores. It is a complete wastage of resources in India for privileged few. Classic socialism downside where state resources are cornered by a powerful few.Defense 2: JNU will have less patents as it is focused on social sciences. But it has contribution in social sector. It has provided various luminaries to the nation & many IAS officers. This is JNU contribution to society.I’m surprised by this argument. Joining a govt service is not a contribution to the society. And they will join IAS with or without JNU. People join for their own good. This is just like saying - politicians are in politics for public welfare. Well, the country understands these arguments better now. Also how do we measure the “social work” of JNU. When research papers are hardly anything to talk about & nation still grappling with poverty, there has to be some metric to measure contribution vs subsidy. And this also applies to all institutes where fee is subsidized.Finally, some students indicate that during M.Phil., they “contribute towards the research work by their professors & thus earn their education”. Well, has any one of them asked the professors what “research” they do because there are handful of papers published ? At least tell the country this when you protest. The idealism of “right to education” is hollow self-centered logic. This won’t fly. And social sciences study at Rs 4.5 lac per student ? This would put global schools to shame !!Defense 3: When PSU banks can lend money to industrialists & write off lacs of crores, why is JNU being targeted?Again a self-defeating logic. PSUs & nationalized banks are relics of the past. Many of them are dying a gradual death. Many exist since politics needs a free checkbook to write loans to loved ones in the name of socialism. So students want free education & politics wants free non-refundable loans. Common folks also want govt jobs and just sit on it till retirement. Not to mention the corruption. The country goes to dogs.This socialism of the 70s is dead. Not because politicians have become saints. But because govts have run out of budgets. Ask Air India, PSU bank employees & others. Did someone tell you that the Soviet Union has collapsed ? And that China is the most ruthless form of capitalism that you can have in the world. How about a research paper on that ?ReferencesIIM Fees Structure for MBA and SeatsUniversity of Delhi Courses & Fee Structure 2019-20Welcome to Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityWelcome to Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityWelcome to Jawaharlal Nehru University