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1. Google X:Google X was a version of the Google home page modeled specifically for Apple Mac users. The bottom of the page read, “Roses are read, Violets are blue. OS X Rocks. Home page to you”. Its hard to imagine Google crafting anything to Apple today, unless it’s a court document, and in fact Google X only survived for one day.2. Google Catalog:Google Catalogs, a search engine for print catalogs, languished in Beta from 2001 until 2009, when Google put it out of its misery, finally realizing the uselessness of a product that puts catalogs online, when only people who can’t use the Internet still use catalogs.3. Web Accelerator:Google’s downloadable Web Accelerator (a proxy server used to reduce web access time via caching technologies) had some terrible bugs and privacy issues. Let’s start with a simple example; it prevented users from watching YouTube videos. Google closed it in 2008.4. Google Video Player:Google Video player was a standalone desktop application for playing Google video files. Google hasn’t fared well at entering a market late unless it offers a clear improvement on existing products, and it turned out the world didn’t need yet another video player with no real improvements.5. Google Answers:Google’s answer to Yahoo Answers, literally. Google employed paid researchers and asked users to bid for a response to their questions. But users, it seems, preferred their information free, even if free isn’t always best.6. Google Wave:Google Wave was supposed to reinvent email; bringing old-fashioned electronic mail together with new technologies like instant messaging and social media. It launched to huge hype, but users found it overly complicated and it died shortly after.7. Wiki Search:SearchWiki turned Google Search into a Wiki – logged-in users could move results up and down or delete results they didn’t like. Searchers can still start a result to mark it as a favorite, but the other wiki options went to the chopping block. Let’s see if they will be reintroduced in Google +1 updates.8. Google Audio Ads:Google Audio Ads, a radio-based advertising platform, which would offer the powerful metrics of search-based advertising to broadcasters, however, measuring performance proved difficult which led Google to close it down in 2009.9. Dodgeball:Google bought Dodgeball; a mobile search networking services in 2005. The founder went on to leave Google and form Foursquare, now the leader in the location-based check-ins and social location advertising. Dodgeball closed down, FourSquare is booming, and Google has recently launched a new mobile app; Latitude. However, Latitude does not seem to be gaining popularity and is now being overshadowed by Facebook Check-In as well.10. Jaiku:Jaiku is to Twitter as Dodgeball is to FourSquare. Google purchased the micro-blogging services in 2007 but It failed to take off. This was not the first time in history that a market leader was missing the next technology bus.11. Google Notebook:Google notebook was a browser based application that allowed users to cut, paste, save and share text, links and images from the web to personal “notebook”. This functionality has been replaced by Google Docs.12. Google Page Creator:Google page creator was a tool to help users to create web pages, which were hosted on Google’s Servers. Google canned the product in 2008 to focus on Google Sites (not the first time it suffered from feature overlap).13. Google Buzz:In another attempt to keep up with Twitter and Facebook, Google launched this social network as an opt-out service for Gmail users, many of whom reacted angrily. Can Buzz overcome privacy concerns and slow growth? With the integration of Google +1, only time will tell.From : Failed Google ProjectsHere's an infographic : Google Flops & Failures - The Failed Google Graveyard

I will be periodically updating this answer to include all measures and initiatives taken by the new NDA government to tackle the burning issues of our country.This answer will contain a short summary of everything. The detailed posts will appear on the blog. The content will be curated jointly by me and Manoj Memana Jayakumar.NDA Gov WatchdogToday is Day 33.A. CorruptionIllicit/Black Money: A SIT (Special Investigation Team) has been set up under the leadership of retired SC Judge MB Shah to bring back the $500bn (estimated) black money that has flown out of India since Independence.(Full post: Milestone #1: Bringing back Black Money - NDA Government Watchdog)Further development:The Special Investigation Team's (SIT) efforts to unearth India's black money received a major boost as the Swiss government draws up a list of Indianssuspected of having black money piled away in their banks.(Full post: Milestone #1.1: Promising development: Swiss government draws up list of Indians with suspected black money - NDA Government Watchdog)Nepotism: The government has sent a mandate to all ministers regarding appointment of their staff and has made it clear that they cannot pick family members or relatives. The appointment would be made from a common pool of candidates which will be decided by the Department of Personnel & Training’s Appointments Committee of Cabinet, which is part of the PMO.(Full post: Milestone #2: Curbing nepotism and favoritism - NDA Government Watchdog)B. GovernanceSpeedier decision making: After consolidating a bunch of ministries to harness synergies, Modi has also clarified that crucial decisions on strategy and execution will rest with the PMO.(Full post: Milestone #3: Speedier decision making and harnessing synergies - NDA Government Watchdog)E-Governance: The environment ministry under Mr. Prakash Javadekar has launched a system for online submission of applications for environment clearance. This move is to ensure transparency, accountability and faster decision making.(Full post: Milestone #5 : 'E-Governance' is the new mantra by Manoj Memana Jayakumar - NDA Government Watchdog)Abolishing GoMs and EGoMs: Mr. Modi has abolished 30 active GoMs and EGoMs constituted by the previous UPA govt.GoMs and EGoMs are panels constituted by the government to oversee important decisions when the Ministries themselves were unable to sort things out. This is a redundant level in the decision-making hierarchy and has resulted in unwarranted delays and backlogs.(Full post : Milestone #11 : Speeding up things; GoMs and EGoMs dismantled by - NDA Government Watchdog)MP HR workshop: The ongoing workshop cum training program for the newly elected MPs will have the senior leaders like Sushma Swaraj, Venkahaiah Naidu, Arun Jaitley address, teach and train the rookies in parliamentary proceedings, rights and duties as MPs, on how to spend their MPLAD fund for their constituencies, parliamentary etiquette, usage of social media, public conduct etc.(Full post: Guest Post #4: "Modi"fied MPs - NDA Government Watchdog)Running the government like a corporate machine: The Central Government, under Mr. Modi is trying to incorporate a 'corporate' culture in the government by instating "Employee of the month" awards on the basis of performance.(Full post: In other good news #7 : Employee of the Month Awards, Idea Boxes - Time for 'Corporate' Government - NDA Government Watchdog)Quality (ISO 9001) certification for the government: The Indian goverment under Mr. Narendra Modi is trying to form theWorld's first ISO 9001 certified government.(Full post: In other good news #6 : Modi to form world’s first ISO 9001 certified government - on NDA Government Watchdog)C. International RelationsPakistan: In talks with Nawaz Sharif, PM of Pakistan, Modi firmly put his foot down demanding that Pakistan curb terrorism arising from their territory. Following up on this, Sushma Swaraj, Minister, External Affairs, echoed the same sentiment and said, "The voice of talks gets lost in the sound of bomb blasts."(Full post: Milestone #4: Talks with Pakistan and stronger stance on cross-border Terrorism - NDA Government Watchdog)China: The new government has re-initiated talks with their counterparts in China. A formal invitation for meeting was sent to the Chinese premiere. The External Affairs Minister of China, Wang Yi, would be visiting India on June 8.(Full post: Milestone #6 : International relations with China - NDA Government WatchdogMilestone #6.1 : Indo-China Relationship - NDA Government Watchdog)The recent visit of Vice Prez Mr. Hamid Ansari to China made some good progress.There were 3 MoUs signed:Industrial (business) parks: To increase cross investment between India and ChinaBrahmaputra flood data sharing: More data sharing from China to India regarding the situation of Brahmaputra, allowing India to better forecast water flow and prevent floods.Sharing best practices(Full post: Milestone #6.2: Indo-China Relationship - NDA Government Watchdog)Bhutan: Narendra Modi's first official visit after becoming PM was to our small neighbor to the north-east. As to why this was an important visit and what was the purpose as well as the outcome, read:(Full post: Milestone #15: International Relations - Bhutan - NDA Government Watchdog)Bangladesh: Sushma Swaraj's Bangladesh visit discussed major issues like Visa process simplification, LBA (Land Boundary Agreement), Teesta river water sharing and cooperation on infrastructure.(Full post: Milestone 16 : International Relations : Bangladesh - NDA Government Watchdog)D. Strategy and Policy"10 -point, 100-day" agenda: In an effort to speed up the decision making process and get rid of 'policy-paralysis' for which the UPA regime was severely criticized for, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has asked his ministers to prepare a list of issues that they will take up in the first 100 days in office, with a focus on efficiency, delivery systems and implementation. The PM also has a list of top 10 priorities with regards to governance.(Full post: Milestone #7 : The '10-point, 100-Day' agenda. by Manoj Memana Jayakumar - NDA Government Watchdog)A completely new ministry for entrepreneurship: For the first time in the history of Independent India, a new Ministry of Entrepreneurship has been created which will help to produce more entrepreneurs and business men in India. The ministry will be headed by Mr. Sarabanad Sonowal.(Full post: Milestone #12: Ministry of Entrepreneurship - NDA Government Watchdog)E. Infrastructure100 smart cities, housing for all: The urban development minister, Venkaiah Naidu, in a press conference stated that top priority for his ministry would be to:Bring back home loan interest rate to around 7% from existing 10%+Build 100 smart cities to accommodate the every increasing urban populationProvide housing for all by 2022 with a PPP model(Full post: Milestone #9 : "100 smart cities, affordable housing, low home loan interest rate" - Venkaiah Naidu - NDA Government Watchdog)Update: Government is seeking the help and guidance of Singapore in the same.(Full post: Milestone #9.1- Modi Seeks Singapore's Help in affordable Housing - NDA Government Watchdog)Irrigation and insurance schemes for farmers: The NDA Government is all set to launch 2 new projects to help the farmers of the country.Irrigation: ‘Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sinchayee Yojana’ which was promised in the BJP Manifesto.Insurance: 'Krishi Amdani Beema Yojana '(Full post: Milestone #10: Govt to launch grand irrigation, insurance plans - NDA Government Watchdog)Ganga cleaning and restoration (Uma Bharti): Uma Bharti, minister for water resources and river development, had been charged with a crucial responsibility i.e. to clean the Ganges and restore it to its pristine past status.Uma Bharti has said that a comprehensive plan for cleaning and restoration of Ganga as well as for promoting tourism and transport will be ready in the next 90 days. On the plan, 4 ministries are working in tandem. They are also be working along with scientists from IIT Roorkee and IIT Kanpur.(Full post: Milestone #13: Reviving and restoring The Ganges - NDA Government Watchdog)The "Diamond Quadrilateral" Project: The government is planning to construct a high-speed rail network connecting the major cities in India to reduce the commute time. The plan is to introduce high-speed bullet trains and semi-high speed trains in India. High speed trains will run at ~350 km/h and semi-high speed trains at 160-200 km/h.The existing rail track network will need to be upgraded as well as security measures need to be upgraded. After the passenger trains are upgraded, similar steps will be taken for freight trains as well.(Full post: Milestone #14: Diamond Quadrilateral : High speed trains and upgrading existing railway infrastructure - NDA Government Watchdog)Update: The first trial run of the semi high speed trains will take place on Jul 3, 2014.(Full post: Milestone #14.1: Trial of the first semi high speed train on July 3 - NDA Government Watchdog)

These are the highlights of the Railway Budget 2016Theme of the BudgetOvercoming challenges - Reorganize, Restructure Rejuvenate Indian Railways: 'Chalo, Milkar Kuch Naya Karen'Three pillars of the strategy i.e. Nav Arjan - New revenues, Nav Manak - New norms, Nav Sanrachna - New Structures.Financial Performance 2015-16: Savings of Rs. 8,720 crore neutralizing most of the revenue shortfall, expected OR 90%;2016-17: Targeted Operating Ratio (OR) - 92%, restrict growth of Ordinary Working Expenses by 11.6% after building in immediate impact of 7th PC, reductions planned in diesel and electricity consumption, Revenue generation targeted at Rs 1,84,820 crore.Investments and ResourcesProcess bottlenecks overhauled including delegation of powers to functional levels; average capital expenditure over 2009-14 is Rs. 48,100 crore, average growth of 8% per annum.2015-16 investment would be close to double of the average of previous 5 years.2016-17 CAPEX pegged at Rs. 1.21 lakh crore; implementation through joint ventures with states, developing new frameworks for PPP, etc.VisionBy 2020, long-felt desires of the common man to be fulfilled i.e, reserved accommodation on trains available on demand, time tabled freight trains, high end technology to improve safety record, elimination of all unmanned level crossings, improved punctuality, higher average speed of freight trains, semi high speed trains running along the golden quadrilateral, zero direct discharge of human waste.2015-16-AchievementsAction initiated on 139 budget announcements of 2015-16.Project execution2015-16: assured funding through LIC; commissioning of 2,500 kms Broad Gauge lines; commissioning of 1,600 kms of electrification, highest ever. In 2016-17 -targeted commissioning 2,800 kms of track; commissioning Broad Gauge lines at over 7 kms per day against an average of about 4.3 kms per day in the last 6 years. Would increase to about 13 kms per day in 2017-18 and 19 kms per day in 2018-19; will generate employment of about 9 crore man days in 2017-18 and 14 crore man days in 2018-19. Outlay for railway electrification increased in 2016-17 by almost 50%; target to electrify 2,000 kms.Dedicated Freight CorridorAlmost all contracts for civil engineering works to be awarded by March 31st 2016; Rs 24,000 crore contracts awarded since November 2014 as against Rs 13,000 crore contracts awarded in last 6 years; propose to take up North-South, East-West & East Coast freight corridors through innovative financing including PPP.Port connectivityTuna Port commissioned and rail connectivity projects to ports of Jaigarh, Dighi, Rewas and Paradip under implementation; implementation of rail connectivity for the ports of Nargol and Hazira under PPP in 2016-17.North EastBG Lumding-Silchar section in Assam opened thus connecting Barak Valley with rest of the country; Agartala brought on to the BG network. States of Mizoram and Manipur shortly to come on BG map of the country with commissioning of the Kathakal-Bhairabi and Arunachal-Jiribam Gauge Conversion projects.Jammu and KashmirWork on Katra-Banihal section of Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link Project progressing satisfactorily- 35 kms of tunnelling out of total of 95 kms completed; Decongestion work on Jalandhar - Jammu line in full swing and doubling of two bridges to be commissioned by March 2016, while the other two bridges will be completed by 2016-17.Make in IndiaFinalised bids for two loco factories; proposed to increase the current procurement of train sets by 30%.Capacity Building for the future through:1. Transparency: Initiated recruitments online in 2015-16, process now being replicated for all positions, social media being used as a tool to bring in transparency, all procurement including procurement of works moved to the e-platform, completed trial of process leading to award of tender electronically and to be rolled out on a PanIndia basis in 2016-17.2. Governance: Delegation led to compression of project sanction time to 6-8 months from 2 years earlier, key result areas identified to judge performance of GMs and DRMs, performance related MOUs signed with few Zones, to be replicated for all zones.3. Internal audit measures: Specialised teams mandated to screen railway operations in specific areas to detect inefficiencies and prevent wastages, every zone preparing 2 reports by March 31, 2016.4. Partnerships: Cabinet approval for JVs with State Governments, 17 consented and 6 MOUs signed with State Governments. 44 new partnership works covering about 5,300 kms and valuing about Rs. 92,714 crore have been indicated in the Budget documents.Customer Interface1. Interaction and feedback through social media & dedicated IVRS system.2. Making travel comfortable by generating over 65,000 additional berths, installing 2,500 water vending machines; introducing 'Mahamana Express' with modern refurbished coaches; 17,000 bio-toilets in trains; world's first Bio-Vacuum toilet developed.3. Improving punctuality: Operations audit for Ghaziabad to Mughalsarai section.4. Ticketing: Introduced 1,780 Automatic Ticket Vending Machines, mobile apps & GoIndia smartcard for cashless purchase of UTS and PRS tickets, enhanced capacity of e-ticketing system from 2,000 tickets per minute to 7,200 tickets per minute and to support 1,20,000 concurrent users as against only 40,000 earlier.5. Social initiatives: One-time registration for availing concessions while booking tickets online, online booking of wheelchairs & Braille enabled new coaches introduced for the Divyang, increased quota of lower berths for senior citizens and women, middle bays reserved in coaches for women.6. Wi-Fi provided in 100 stations, to be provided in 400 more.7. Stations being redeveloped - financial bid received for Habibganj, Bhopal; Cabinet approval for stations to be taken up under PPP.8. Security through helplines & CCTVs.9. Safety: 350 manned level crossings closed, eliminated 1,000 unmanned level crossings, 820 ROB/RUB completed in the current year and work going on in 1,350 of them.Other major achievements1. Energy: Annualized savings of Rs. 3,000 crore to be achieved in the next financial year itself, a year earlier than announced; achieved by procuring power directly at competitive rates using IR's status as Deemed Distribution Licensee.2. Rail University: Initially identified the National Academy of Indian Railways at Vadodara.3. Digital India: Application of Track Management System (TMS) launched, inventory management module of TMS has resulted in inventory reduction by 27,000 MT resulting in saving of Rs.64 crore and scrap identification of 22,000 MT equivalent to Rs.53 crore.The Way AheadImproving quality of travelFor the unreserved passenger -1. Antyodaya Express unreserved, superfast service.2. Deen Dayalu coaches - unreserved coaches with potable water and higher number of mobile charging points.For the reserved passenger -1. Humsafar: Fully air-conditioned third AC service with an optional service for meals2. Tejas: Will showcase the future of train travel in India. Will operate at speeds of 130 kmph and above.Will offer onboard services such as entertainment, local cuisine, WiFi, etc. through one service provider for ensuring accountability and improved customer satisfaction3. Humsafar and Tejas to ensure cost recovery through tariff and non-tariff measures4. UDAY: Overnight double-decker, Utkrisht Double-Decker Air-conditioned Yatri Express on the busiest routes, has the potential to increase carrying capacity by almost 40%.Ticketing: Sale of tickets through hand held terminals; e-ticketing facility to foreign debit/credit cards; bar coded tickets, scanners and access control on a pilot basis. Expansion of Vikalp - train on demand to provide choice of accommodation in specific trains to wait listed passengers. E-booking of tickets facility on the concessional passes available to journalists; facility of cancellation through the 139 helpline post verification using 'One Time Password' sent on registered phone number, to improve tatkaal services CCTV cameras on windows and periodic audit of PRS website.Cleanliness: 'Clean my Coach' service through SMS, ranking of A1 and A stations based on periodic third party audit and passenger feedback; waste segregation and recycling centres; 'Awareness campaigns'; additional 30,000 bio-toilets; providing portable structures with biotoilets at all platforms of select stations for senior citizens, Divyang and women travellers, plan to explore innovative means of providing and maintaining toilets such as advertisement rights, CSR, voluntary support from social organizations.Catering and stalls at stations: IRCTC to manage catering services in a phased manner; explore possibility of making catering services optional, adding 10 more IRCTC operated base kitchens; to build local ownership and empowerment, weightage will be given to district domicile holders for commercial licenses at stations.Stoppages: Convert all operational halts into commercial halts for the benefit of the common manRail Mitra Sewa: Expanding Sarathi Seva in Konkan Railway to help the old and disabled passengers, strengthening the existing services for enabling passengers to book battery operated cars, porter services, etc. on a paid basis in addition to the existing pick up and drop, and wheel chair services.Measures for Divyang: All stations under redevelopment accessible by Divyang; to provide at least one Divyang friendly toilet at each platform in A1 class stations during the next financial year and also ensure availability of wheelchairs in sufficient numbers at these stations.Travel Insurance to passengers: To offer optional travel insurance for rail journeys at the time of booking.Hourly booking of retiring rooms: Will be handed over to IRCTC.Janani sewa: Children's menu items on trains, baby foods, hot milk and hot water would be made available.SMART (Specially Modified Aesthetic Refreshing Travel) Coaches: design and layout of our coaches to ensure higher carrying capacity and provision of new amenities including automatic doors, bar-code readers, bio-vacuum toilets, water-level indicators, accessible dustbins, ergonomic seating, improved aesthetics, vending machines, entertainment screens, LED lit boards for advertising, PA system.Mobile Apps: Integrate all facilities into two mobile apps dealing with ticketing issues and for receipt and redressal of complaints and suggestions.Improving customer interface: Skilling our front-end staff and those we employ through our service providers, information boards in trains enumerating the on-board services and also GPS based digital displays inside coaches to provide real time information regarding upcoming halts. Work underway on installation of a high-tech centralized network of 20,000 screens across 2000 stations for enabling real time flow of information to passengers and also unlock huge advertising potential. All A1 class stations will be manned with duly empowered Station Directors supported by cross functional teams; to make one person accountable for all facilities on trains.1. Pilgrimage centres: To take up on priority the provision of passenger amenities and beautification on stations at pilgrimage centres including Ajmer, Amritsar, Bihar Sharif, Chengannur, Dwarka, Gaya, Haridwar, Mathura, Nagapattinam, Nanded, Nasik, Pali, Parasnath, Puri, Tirupati, Vailankanni, Varanasi and Vasco; also intend to run Aastha circuit trains to connect important pilgrim centres.2. Porters: Intend providing them with new uniforms and train them in soft skills, henceforth, to be called sahayak.3. High Speed Rail: Passenger corridor from Ahmedabad to Mumbai being undertaken with the assistance of the Government of Japan. SPV for implementing high speed projects will be registered this month. Prime benefit would be providing IR with technology advancements and new manufacturing capability.4. Entertainment: Propose to invite FM Radio stations for providing train borne entertainment; extend 'Rail Bandhu' to all reserved classes of travelers and in all regional languages.Passenger traffic: Suburban traffic: in-principle approval for MUTP III received. Early award of tenders for elevated suburban corridors between Churchgate-Virar and between CSTM-Panvel; revive Ring Railway system in Delhi; launching a new investment framework for developing suburban systems in partnership with State Governments, development in Ahmedabad, Bangaluru, Hyderabad Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram on the anvil.Winning back the lost modal share Expanding the freight basket of IR: To start time-tabled freight container, parcel and special commodity trains on a pilot basis, container sector would be opened to all traffic barring coal, specified mineral ores and part-loads during the non-peak season. All existing terminals/sheds would be granted access to container traffic, where considered feasible.Rationalising the tariff structure: Undertake review of tariff policy to evolve a competitive rate structure vis a vis other modes, permit multi-point loading/unloading and apply differentiated tariffs to increase utilization of alternate routes, explore possibility of signing long term tariff contracts with our key freight customers using pre-determined price escalation principles.Building terminal capacity: Proposed to develop Rail side logistics parks and warehousing in PPP mode, 10 goods sheds will be developed by TRANSLOC, the Transport Logistics Company of India, in 2016-17. To soon inaugurate India's first rail auto hub in Chennai. Encourage development of cold storage facilities on vacant land near freight terminals. Local farmers and fisherman would be given preferential usage of the facility. A policy in this regard would be issued in the next 3 months.Nurturing customers: Will appoint Key Customer Managers to liaison with our major freight stakeholders; each Zonal Railway will develop customer commitment charter indicating service level commitments of IR, will explore the feasibility of opening up leasing of general purpose wagons.Non fare revenuesStation redevelopment; monetizing land along tracks; monetizing soft assets - website, data, etc; advertising - in 2016-17 target 4 times the revenue of 2015-16; overhaul of parcel business - liberalize the current parcel policies including opening the sector to container train operators; revenues from manufacturing activity - by 2020, aim at generating annualised revenues of about Rs 4,000 croreProcess Improvements1. EPC projects standard document finalized, will implement at least 20 projects through this mode in 2016-17; by 2017-18, endeavour to award all works valuing above Rs. 300 crore through EPC contracts.2. Performance output parameters based contracts - to review service contracts to integrate them and make them simpler and outcome focused.3. Leveraging technology for project management- intend to use the latest drone and Geo Spatial based satellite technology for remotely reviewing the physical progress across major projects; monitoring of DFC to be operationalised through this mode in 2016-17.4. System-wide Information Technology integration - initiated system wide integration, both horizontal and vertical, akin to an ERP through innovative partnership models.Rail Development AuthorityTo enable fair pricing of services, promote competition, protect customer interests and determine efficiency standards; draft bill to be ready after holding extensive stakeholder consultations.Undertaking Navarambh - A new beginningNavinikaran - Structural InterventionsOrganisational Restructuring- Proposed to reorganize the Railway Board along business lines and suitably empower Chairman, Railway Board. As a first step, cross functional directorates to be set up in Railway Board to focus on areas like non-fare revenues, speed enhancement, motive power and information technology; explore the possibility of unifying cadres for fresh recruitment of officers; strengthen PPP cell to improve ease of doing business with IR.Sashaktikaran - Improving our planning practicesTo set up a Railway Planning & Investment Organisation for drafting medium (5 years) and long (10 years) term corporate plans; identify projects which fulfill the corporate goal. Prepare a National Rail Plan to harmonise and integrate the rail network with other modes of transport and create synergy for achieving seamless multi-modal transportation network across the country.Aekikaran - Consolidation: Forming a holding company of companies owned by IR.Shodh aur vikas - Investing in the future: to set up a R&D organization, a Special Railway Establishment for Strategic Technology & Holistic Advancement, SRESTHA. RDSO will now focus only on day to day issues while SRESTHA would drive long term research..Vishleshan - Analyzing data: a dedicated, cross functional team called Special Unit for Transportation Research and Analytics (SUTRA) would be set up for carrying out detailed analytics leading to optimized investment decisions and operations.Navrachna - Innovation: by setting aside a sum of Rs 50 crore for providing innovation grants to employees, startups and small businesses.Avataran - Seven Missions for the transformation of IRMissions will be headed by a Mission Director reporting directly to the Chairman, Railway Board and heading a cross functional team empowered to take all relevant decisions for a timely targeted delivery. Annual outcome based performance targets for the Mission would be announced and the Missions will finalise the implementation plans for short, medium and long terms and proceed accordingly.Mission 25 Tonne for 25 tonne axle load, Mission Zero Accident for safety, Mission PACE (Procurement and Consumption Efficiency), Mission Raftaar for higher speeds, Mission Hundred for commissioning 100 sidings/ freight terminals, Mission beyond book-keeping for accounting reforms, Mission Capacity Utilisation to prepare a blueprint for making use of the capacity created once DFC is commissioned.Sustainability and Social Initiatives: Human Resources/ Skilling, Social initiatives, Environment1. To tie up with the Ministry of Health for ensuring an exchange between Railways hospitals and Government hospitals; to introduce 'AYUSH' systems in 5 Railway hospitals; provide gang men with devices called 'Rakshak' for intimating them about approaching trains, also reduce the weight of the tools carried by them while patrolling. To provide toilets and air-conditioning in cabs for our loco pilots.2. Set up two chairs: One C T Venugopal chair on Strategic Finance, research and policy development and another Kalpana Chawla chair on geo-spatial technology.3. For youth: Open our organisation to 100 students across Engineering and MBA schools for 2-6 months' internships each year.4. Partnering with Ministry of Skill Development - skill development on IR premises.5. Undertaken energy audits for reducing energy consumption in non-traction area by 10% to 15%: All new light provisions will be LED luminaire and all Railway stations to be covered with LED luminaire in next 2 to 3 years.6. Action plan drawn up for environmental accreditation, water management and waste to energy conversion. More than 2,000 locations provided with Rain Water Harvesting facility. In place of steel sleepers on steel bridges environmentally friendly composite sleepers made of recycled plastic waste will be used over all girder bridges.7. 32 stations and 10 coaching depots have been identified for installation of water recycling plants in the coming years.Tourism1. Partnering with State Governments for operating tourist circuit trains; recent upgradation of National Rail Museum, promotion of tourism through Railway museums and UNESCO world heritage Railways.2. To spread awareness about our National Animal, the Tiger, complete packages including train journey, safaris and accommodation to cover the wildlife circuit comprising Kanha, Pench and Bandhavgarh will be offered.