Construction Repair Estimate Template. Construction Repair Estimate Template: Fill & Download for Free

Here’s a list of resources for helping you learn how to flip houses and tools to help you manage the house flipping process:Education:BiggerPockets - Online community where you can access questions and get feedback from professional house flippers across the country.Flipper Force Academy - I have been writing a completely free step-by-step curriculum with over 50 articles and counting on tips on How to Flip HousesBook on Flipping Houses - This Book will teach you the basics of finding deals, analyzing deals, & managing projects.Book on Estimating Rehab Costs - This book will teach you how to Estimate Rehab costs for 25 Common Scopes of WorkREIAs / Meetups - Join a local REIA or attend meetups in your area to network with other investorsDeal Analysis:Deal analysis tools are really a dime a dozen and there are plenty of good options available for helping you analyze deals.Spreadsheets - You can build your own or use pre-built House Flipping Spreadsheet templatesFlipperForce - Web-based house flipping software for analyzing deals and creating professional investment reportsBigger Pockets Calculators - BP provides House Flipping Calculators to Analyze deals with their pro membershipDealCheck.io - Web-based deal analysis softwareREIkit.com - Web-based deal analysis softwareZilculator - Web-based deal analysis softwareRepair Estimation:Accurately estimating rehab costs is critical to ensure you don’t underestimate the repairs and overpay for a property:Spreadsheets - You can build your own or download a Repair Estimator Spreadsheet TemplateFlipperForce - Web-based Rehab Estimating Software that includes Estimating Starter templates with pricing for over 500 common repairs for Rehabs & New Construction projects.REIKit.com - Rehab Estimating softwareFunding the DealIf you don’t have the money to fund the deals you will have to use Other People’s Money to fund your flips.Local Hard Money Lenders - Search Google for local hard money lenders or go to local REIA meetingsPrivate Money Lenders - Friends, family or local high net worth individuals that have funds to invest in your dealsReal Estate CrowdFunding - Here are the leading Crowdfunding Sites according to the Real Estate Crowd Funding ReviewPeer StreetCrowd StreetFundThatFlipManaging the RehabTo manage your rehabs you will need to be able to schedule your Contractors, manage day-to-day tasks, & track your Budgets.FlipperForce - Web-based Gantt Scheduling, Task Management & Budget Management software with pre-built Schedule Templates & Task templates specifically for rehabbing houses.BuilderTrend or Co-Construct - Expensive custom home building and remodeling software, which is probably overkill for the average rehabber.Generic Project Management SoftwareAsanaZoho ProjectsTrelloBasecampSmartSheetAirTablePodioG-SuiteMicrosoft Office / MS ProjectAccountingAs you start to spend money on your projects, you will need to keep track of all of your Expenses so you can calculate your project profitability for tax purposes.Spreadsheets - You could use a blank spreadsheet to track your expenses or use pre-built Expense Tracking SpreadsheetsFlipperForce - Web-based Expense Tracking Software to manage your Budgets and Track your Actual Project Expenses.Quickbooks - World’s most popular accounting software, although not built specifically for house flipping.Wave Accounting - Free web-based accounting software

A section of the Great Wall, in Yanqing County, contains mortar made with blood. (The Ming Great Wall of Nanjing)THE CITY WALL OF NANJING, built 600 years ago, was the first line of defense for the founding capital of the Ming dynasty. Originally 22 miles long, it was built with 350 million bricks, most of which have survived centuries of weathering.[1] In 2010, intrigued by the wall’s sturdy composition, a team of Chinese researchers analyzed mortar samples from one section.[2] The secret ingredient turned out to be simple sticky rice, a staple of Chinese cuisine.Many kinds of materials have been used over the years in masonry mortars, and the technology has gradually evolved from the single-component mortar of ancient times to hybrid versions containing several ingredients. Beginning in 2450 BCE, lime was used as masonry mortar in Europe.[3] In the Roman era, ground volcanic ash, brick powder, and ceramic chip were added to lime mortar, greatly improving performance.[4] Because of its superior properties, the use of this hydraulic (that is, capable of setting underwater) mortar spread, and it was adopted throughout Europe and western Asia.Sticky Rice (The Ming Great Wall of Nanjing)Perhaps because of the absence of natural materials such as volcanic ash, hydraulic mortar technology was not developed in ancient China.[5] However, a special inorganic−organic composite building material, sticky rice−lime mortar, was developed. For thousands of years, Chinese builders mixed sticky rice, or glutinous rice, with slaked lime, a limestone that has been calcined, or heated to a high temperature, and then exposed to water[6] , creating what might be considered the first composite mortar.[7] It may be the first widespread inorganic−organic composite mortar technology in China, or perhaps in the world.The earliest record of this technique can be found in an encyclopaedia, the Tian Gong Kai Wu ( The Exploitation of the Works of Nature) , which was compiled by Song Yingqing during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD).[8] According to the archaeological evidence, however, the sticky rice-lime mortar technique was developed at a much earlier date, no later than the South-North Dynasty (386-589 AD).[9]This use of gummy grains in Chinese concrete as an adhesive is not entirely surprising. Cooked rice was first boiled into a paste, then blended with sand and lime, a substance produced by heating limestone.[10] Because of its high adhesive strength, low porosity, and sturdiness, the mixture was highly durable, used in the construction of rammed earth structures, palaces, temples, walls and causeways and tombs throughout Ming China. [11] The mortar prevented weeds from growing, creating a seal between bricks that would rival modern cement in strength.[12]Scientists have long been fascinated with this unusual formula, and in recent years, different teams have conducted studies to better understand it. Researchers Jiajia Li and Bingjian Zhang spent six years collecting 378 samples of ancient mortar from 159 sites throughout China, dating from the Taosi phase (2300-1900 BC) all the way to the late Qing dynasty (1644-1911).[13] Numerous chemical analyses found that 219 mortars from 96 locations had “organic components”—that is, small traces of starch, protein, brown blood, and oil.[14]Parts of Nanjing’s city wall are held together with sticky rice mortar. (Why_Ancient_Chinese_People_Like_to_Use_Organic-Inorganic_Composite_Mortars)One notable sample, from a 2000-year-old tomb in Jiangsu province, turned up what the researchers say is the oldest known trace of sticky rice mortar.[15] A separate study identified an earlier use, dating to three thousand years ago.[16] While the origin's of the recipe remains elusive, by the Tang dynasty (816-907), rice was frequently used to improve construction.[17] The unique mortar became prevalent during Song and Ming dynasties, periods of intensive architectural activity.[18]Pyramid-shaped zongzi (Zongzi)Sticky rice is sweet, and augments savory dishes such as zongzi, pyramids of rice and fillings neatly wrapped in leaves[19] , or tang yuan, a sweet soup with rice dumplings.[20] It is also waxy—a texture that comes from the polysaccharide amylopectin, which gives the rice a denser, gelatinous microstructure.[21] Water insoluable, It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylose.[22]Mixed with lime mortar, the grains boost compressive strength, helping walls bear loads without fracturing.[23] They are also highly water resistant, which protects buildings against erosion. Sticky-rice mortars become stronger over the years, because the key chemical reactions in the mortar continue to occur, while controlling shrinkage.[24]Mortar samples from ancient constructions were analyzed by both chemical methods (including the iodine starch test and the acid attack experiment) and instrumental methods (including thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy).[25] These analytical results show that the ancient masonry mortar is a special organic−inorganic composite material. The inorganic component is calcium carbonate, and the organic component is amylopectin, which is presumably derived from the sticky rice soup added to the mortar.[26]Mortar samples from halls and the garden of the famed Forbidden City, built in the 15th century, tested positive for the starch.[27] So did sections of the Great Wall of China, which was largely restored during the Ming dynasty.[28] But one sample from the Wall, where it runs through Yanqing County, contained a less common ingredient: animal blood, which showed up in just five sites.[29]Animal blood might sound like a grisly substance for building walls, but it was a perfectly normal additive used by several cultures. Historical recipes written in French, Italian, and English have detailed ways to mix oxblood and lime mortars.[30] In China, builders used pig blood to improve the consistency of their mortar.[31] Results indicated that pig blood accelerates the formation of microstructure at early stage. A mechanism was suggested that biomineralization occurs during the carbonation of calcium hydroxide, where the pig blood functions as a template and controls the growth of calcium carbonate crystal.[32] Easily available, swine blood is characteristic of diverse regional dishes such as pork blood soup and pig blood curd.[33]Tiger Hill Pagoda - WikipediaConstruction workers were a disposable commodity when it came to building the wall. It’s estimated that as many as 400,000 people died building the wall, earning it the sobriquet “longest cemetery on Earth.” [34] Many of the workers who died during the wall’s construction were buried in its foundation. Peasants and soldiers forced into labor suffered under terrible conditions, with insufficient food, steep hillsides and brutal weather.[35] The wall had such a reputation for suffering that it was an indispensible reference in Chinese literature, like in the “Soldier’s Ballad” (200 A.D.) and popular novels of the Ming dynasty.[36]Many other organic additives favored by the Chinese helped repel water. Oil samples from 87 sites, contained tung oil, a common waterproof seal for wooden ships.[37] Another, egg white, is not only water resistant but also improves the viscosity of mortar. Eggs whites were also used as a paint binder to color the famous Terracotta Army.[38] Researchers have found that brown sugar, too, reduces water content in mortars, enhancing their strength.[39] According to ancient literature, sucrose was often used to build forts and homes in eastern and southeastern China. Other innovative mortars have similarly developed out of convenience, from a church in the Philippines made out of egg whites[40] to a Brazilian chapel held together by red wine.[41]Researchers found sugar in the mortar of Suzhou’s Tiger Hill Pagoda. (SIYUWJ/CC BY-SA 4.0)Great design is often the result of thinking beyond form and function. Philosophy, the researchers posit, might be one poetic inspiration for these fusion pastes:“Ancient Chinese people advocated a view of nature often termed ‘heaven-and-human oneness. The use of agricultural, forestry, and animal products in building materials reflected architectural aesthetics that sought to integrate architecture and nature.”[42]After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the recipe of sticky rice mortar matured, being utilized in the famous Forbidden City in Beijing, a stretch of Great Wall built during the Ming Dynasty, the Chengde Mountain Resort, the Eastern Qing tombs, and the Qiantang River wall built during the Ming and Qing dynasties..Fujian Tulou (“earthen buildings”).(China's Massive Earthen Fortresses Once Housed Up to 800 People)The Fujian Tulou (literally “earthen buildings”) are famous for their durability. Giant multistoried homes capable of housing close to 800 individuals and built with wood and fortified with mud walls were constructed between the 15th and 20th centuries.[43] These massive communal homes were sited with feng shui principles and are purposefully nestled amidst tea, tobacco, and rice fields and bountiful forests of pine and bamboo.[44] Some of these buildings were constructed using sticky rice mixed with lime, clay, sand, sugar, and other organic substances, making the walls as strong as cement.[45]Incredibly, structures built with sticky rice mortar have survived more than natural erosion. A Ming tomb, of the minister Xu Pu and his wife, was nearly damaged by a bulldozer when found in 1978, but it was “so firm [the vehicle] could do nothing about it.”[46] In 1604, when a 7.5-magnitude earthquake shook the port city of Quanzhou, many temples, stupas, and bridges were not destroyed.[47] Instead, sticky rice mortar kept their foundations firmly secured.Although clearly effective, these revolutionary adhesives fell out of fashion in the late Qing dynasty. China’s first cement factory opened in 1889 in Hebei province,[48] and this inorganic binder gradually filled the role of composite mortars.Shouchang Bridge (Construction: Don't Hold the Rice)But researchers still see potential in these ancient formulas, especially to stabilize historical sites. Due to high quantities of salt, cement is detrimental and incompatible (being too strong and rigid) with traditional lime-based mortars.[49] In China, restorers successfully used sticky rice-lime mortars to mend ancient structures, such as the single-arch Shouchang Bridge from the Song dynasty.[50]In Xichang, Sichuan Province, a restoration project is underway to rebuild the city’s ancient wall. Workers’ tasks include making bricks, laying brickd and boiling large bowls of rice to cement the bricks together.[51] Informed by a 21st century discovery regarding the ancient methods used to build the original wall, workers seek to stay true to the original Ming Dynasty builders’ techniques.Every day, the builders put 500 kilograms of glutinous rice on the boil, and then mix this starchy alternative with a few other ingredients, such as limestone, to form a mortar which will hold the wall together. It’s estimated that the entire project will require an impressive total of 50 tons of rice, in all. At the site of construction, five giant pots are heated over coal, and workers must keep stirring the rice inside these pots to prevent it sticking, as they haven’t invented non-stick crockery of these proportions yet.[52]Researchers and conservationists from the Getty Conservation Insitute have combined the ancient technology of sticky rice with relatively new nanotechnology to develop an innovative treatment for historical sites.[53] This is an original and ecologic application that can be used to repair any lime-based structure, such as limestone or a lime mortar. Testing the durability of their materials continues, but the capabilities of the ancient grain are evident. Soon, glutinous rice may glue together historical buildings around the world.[54]Footnotes[1] The Ming Great Wall of Nanjing[2] Study of Sticky Rice−Lime Mortar Technology for the Restoration of Historical Masonry Construction[3] Package Pavement - Historic Lime Mortars for Restoration[4] Why modern mortar crumbles, but Roman concrete lasts millennia[5] Lime and Lime Mortars[6] Calcium hydroxide | chemical compound[7] Revealing the ancient Chinese secret of sticky rice mortar - American Chemical Society[8] Recipe from Tian Gong Kai Wu, or The Exploitation of the Works of Nature[9] Ancient Chinese secret? Yes. Masons used sticky rice as mortar[10] Investigation of sticky-rice lime mortar of the Horse Stopped Wall in Jiange[11] Investigation of sticky-rice lime mortar of the Horse Stopped Wall in Jiange[12] Revealing the ancient Chinese secret of sticky rice mortar[13] Textual and Experimental Studies on The Compositions of Traditional Chinese Organic–Inorganic Mortars[14] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325430911_Why_Ancient_Chinese_People_Like_to_Use_Organic-Inorganic_Composite_Mortars-Application_History_and_Reasons_of_Organic-Inorganic_Mortars_in_Ancient_Chinese_Buildings[15] Traditional mortar represented by sticky rice lime mortar—One of the great inventions in ancient China[16] Investigation of sticky-rice lime mortar of the Horse Stopped Wall in Jiange[17] Ancient Chinese Buildings Are Held Together With Rice, Sugar, and Blood[18] Sticky Rice Keeps the Great Wall Standing - Vision Times[19] Chinese Zongzi Introduction, How to Make Zongzi[20] Glutinous Rice Balls in Ginger Soup (Tang Yuan) | Asian Inspirations[21] What Makes Rice Sticky? | Rouxbe Online Culinary School[22] Starch - Wikipedia[23] Ingenious use of sticky rice mortar in Ancient China[24] Sticky Rice Holds Ancient Chinese Buildings Together[25] Study of Sticky Rice−Lime Mortar Technology for the Restoration of Historical Masonry Construction[26] http://Durgadevagi Shanmugavel, Rachna Dubey, Ravi Ramadoss. Use of natural polymer from plant as admixture in hydraulic lime mortar masonry. Journal of Building Engineering 2020,[27] Ancient Chinese Buildings Are Held Together With Rice, Sugar, and Blood[28] Sticky Rice Mortar, the View From Space, and More Fun Facts About China’s Great Wall[29] Analytical Investigations of Traditional Masonry Mortars from Ancient City Walls Built during Ming and Qing Dynasties in China[30] Mortar mixes with oxblood: historical background, possible recipes and properties[31] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267162056_Proteomic_identification_of_organic_additives_in_the_mortars_of_ancient_Chinese_wooden_buildings[32] Understanding and Assessment of Ancient Chinese Pig Blood–Lime Mortar | Scientific.Net[33] Is Congealed Pig's Blood Really a Superfood?[34] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/08/why-trumps-comparison-of-his-wall-to-the-great-wall-of-china-makes-no-sense/?utm_term=.f0750833e2b5[35] How were the workers treated on the great wall of china?[36] The Great Wall[37] The Architectural Art of Ancient China[38] Identification of proteinaceous binding media for the polychrome terracotta army of Emperor Qin Shihuang by MALDI-TOF-MS[39] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277328312_Enzymatic_Method_for_Detecting_Sucrose_in_Ancient_Chinese_Mortars&ved=2ahUKEwiL3omQ2oboAhUVK80KHex6CN0QFjAWegQIBRAB&usg=AOvVaw1tWBWvKVnpkCLV_Xdj_vuO [40] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://aleteia.org/2019/10/22/the-miagao-fortress-church-in-the-philippines-a-church-built-from-limestone-adobe-and-coral/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwiR15SG24boAhWVZs0KHXp_AIoQFjANegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw2HyYU_tLRMfG_UvyGLnOeC&ampcf=1[41] Inside a Brazilian Chapel Made Out of Wine[42] Study of Sticky Rice−Lime Mortar Technology for the Restoration of Historical Masonry Construction[43] Fujian Tulou — Mysterious Earth Castles, Mulan's Home[44] Fujian Tulou — Mysterious Earth Castles, Mulan's Home[45] Fujian Tulou, Hakka Earth Buildings: Unique Residential Architecture[46] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/194596/Jin_umn_0130E_18889.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&ved=2ahUKEwi2np7IzIboAhXCF80KHd3zBWMQFjAMegQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw0v0MN-zTfljVQ-iUK7i10B[47] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293209678_The_ancient_great_earthquake_and_earthquake-resistance_of_the_ancient_buildings_towers_temples_bridges_in_Quanzhou_city[48] China: First in cement[49] Threats and Challenges to the Archaeological Heritage in the Mediterranean[50] Construction: Don't Hold the Rice[51] When Cuisine and Construction Merge | The World of Chinese[52] http://n.yibada.com/articles/140045/20160711/builders-in-xinchang-use-glutinous-rice-to-restore-ancient-city-walls.htm[53] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332490476_Sticky_rice-nanolime_as_a_consolidation_treatment_for_lime_mortars&ved=2ahUKEwjg5_yLrYboAhXUaM0KHY33BbYQFjAAegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw2U1quSqn6UW-xPvEJ4ARWL[54] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/19/5169/pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjxibbby4boAhVXVs0KHQ-MDoEQFjAcegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw1AoPiaNwrNvUMLqNfpZVjw&cshid=1583523276318

Invoice means it is a document, includes details about the products or services purchase from the seller. In the template dot net website you have different type of invoice templates for free.These are the different type of invoice templatesAccounting invoice templatesAutomotive invoicesBasic invoicesBank invoicesConstruction invoiceConsultant invoicesEstimate invoicesHotel invoicesSample invoicesIT and software invoiceRepair invoiceSales invoice templateFor more free invoice templates visit template dot net website