Instructions For Submitting Scope Of Services To Contract Office: Fill & Download for Free

1. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR EMPANELMENT OF COLLECTION/ RECOVERY AGENTS (CRA)• Management Consulting Firms, Accounting Firms, Firms offering Asset Collection Management Services and NBFCs having expertise in Asset Collection Management services would be eligible. The firms working as Collection Agency with Public Sector Banks would be given preference.• CRA employees shall be graduates from any reputed university in India / Abroad.Preference will be given to the firms having Accounting / Engineering / Law Professionals. Besides, Collection Agency shall have “DIRECT RECOVERY AGENT CERTIFICATE” issued by the concerned agency (IIBF --INDIAN INSTITUTE OF BANKING & FINANCE) as per the guidelines of RBI (IIBF).• CRA should be registered with State’s Shops and establishment Act 1948 or other mandatory registrations which are statutory in nature as per law.• The registration of the CRA shall be at least three years old.• CRA shall have experience of at least three years of experience in handling the Collection/ resolution of NPA accounts with Public Sector Bank(s).• CRA shall have completed at least five assignments successfully with Public Sector Bank(s) earlier.• The firm of CRA shall have PAN number.• CRA shall have a thorough knowledge of the extant RBI guidelines and also instructions/ circulars issued by RBI/ IIBF/ IBA time to time on Collection Agency.• CRA having complaints before Police and also involved in court cases especially in the matters, which are in deviation to the extant RBI guidelines on “Collection Agency” and scope of work indicated by the Bank need not apply.• CRA blacklisted by any Bank need not apply for empanelment.• The Statutory and regulatory guidelines and changes in them issued by agencies concerned on Collection/ Recovery Agency from time to time should be adhered.__________________________________2. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR EMPANELMENT OF PRIVATE DETECTIVE AGENCY (PDA) AND SKIP TRACING AGENCY (STA)• Management Consulting Firms, Firms offering Private Detective Agency (PDA), Skip Tracing Agency Services and NBFCs having expertise in PDA and STA services would be eligible. The firms working as PDA and STA with Public Sector Banks would be given preference.• PDA and STA would be required to ascertain details of net worth, occupation, source of income, details of properties of the customers in their name/ guarantors and other assets as on date along with their current value, which may inter alia include- Immovable property in their names, residential house/ other buildings, if any, in their names, details of bank balances, deposits, investments etc. in their names and any other assets held in their name.• PDA and STA should be registered with Maharashtra Shops and establishment Act 1948 or other mandatory registrations which are statutory in nature as per law.• PDA and STA having complaints before Police and also involved in court cases especially in the matters, which are in deviation to the extant RBI guidelines on and scope of work indicated by the Bank need not apply.• PDA and STA blacklisted by any Bank need not apply for empanelment.• The registration of the PDA and STA shall be at least three years old.• PDA and STA shall have experience of at least three years of experience in handling the assignments with Public Sector Bank(s).• PDA and STA shall have completed at least five assignments successfully with Public Sector Bank(s) earlier.• The firms of PDA and STA shall have a PAN number.• Employees of PDA and STA shall be graduates from any reputed university in India/ Abroad.• PDA and STA shall have a thorough knowledge of the extant RBI guidelines and also instructions/ circulars issued by RBI/ IIBF/ IBA.• The Statutory and regulatory guidelines issued by agencies concerned on PDA and STA from time to time should be adhered.__________________________________3. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR EMPANELMENT OF RCU/ FI/ DVA (Vendors)• Partnership Firm or a Limited Company, Management Consulting Firms, Firms offering RCU/ FI/ DVA and NBFCs having expertise in RCU/ FI/ DVA, owned by predominantly persons who are Indian Residents, would be eligible.• Vendors should be registered with Maharashtra Shops and establishment Act 1948 or other mandatory registrations with statutory authority as per law.• Vendors working as RCU/ FI/ DVA with Public Sector Banks/ Other Banks.• The Vendors should not been found guilty of misconduct in a professional capacity. The Vendors blacklisted by any Bank need not apply for empanelment.• The vendors having complaints before Police and also involved in court cases especially in the matters, which are in deviation to the extant RBI guidelines on “RCU/ FI/ DVA” and scope of work indicated by the Bank need not apply.• The employees working with Vendors should be HSC or Graduate in any discipline, experience of two years with reasonable analytical ability.• The Vendors should have at least two years of experience in handling RCU/ FI/ DVA. The registration of the Vendors shall be at least two years old.• The Vendors need to submit at least two reference letters and the Bank needs to verify the quality of services provided by the vendor with the referees before empanelling them. The referees shall be from Branch managers of banks/ NBFCs where previously the Vendor had done Verifications. The reference letter shall be on the letterhead of the bank or NBFC which providing the reference.• The Vendors should have infrastructure such as fax, computers, mail connection, scanner, etc.• The Office should be well connected to Railway Station, Bus Station and City Centre.• The firm of RCU/ FI/ DVA shall have PAN number.• The Statutory and regulatory guidelines issued by agencies concerned on RCU/FI/DVA from time to time should be adhered.FIELD INVESTIGATION AGENCIES (FI), RISK CONTAINMENT UNIT (RCU), DOCUMENT VERIFICATION AGENCY (DVA), COLLECTION/ RECOVERY AGENCY (RCA), PRIVATE DETECTIVE AGENCY (PDA), SKIP TRACING AGENCY (STA) who fulfill the above eligibility criteria only shall submit the application)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SKIP TRACING JOBS AND TRAININGSkip tracing is an industry term used to describe the process of locating a fugitive or a missing person that can’t be found at their place of residence or usual hangouts. “Skip” refers to the person being searched for (derived from the term “to skip town”) and “tracing” meaning the act of locating the skip.The act of skip tracing is most often used by bail bondsmen, bounty hunters, repossession agents, private investigators, debt collectors, and even journalists. Skip tracing, however, may be performed by a professional — called a skip tracer — who is an expert in this process.HOW IS SKIP TRACING PERFORMED?Skip tracing is performed by collecting information on the individual in question. All information recovered by the skip tracer is analyzed, verified, and used to determine the location of the individual. Skip tracing may involve gathering and analyzing a great deal of information or very little information, both of which have their own set of advantages and disadvantages.Although most skip tracers now head to the Internet to gather information on the whereabouts of individuals, many also employ social engineering, the art of calling on individuals who may have information about the subject.It is the job of the skip tracer to use any number of resources and databases to collect the required information. As such, skip tracing often involves accessing the following:o Phone number databaseso Credit reportso Credit card applicationso Job applicationso Criminal background checkso Loan applicationso Utility billso Public tax informationo Public records databaseso Courthouse recordso Department store loyalty cardso Air travel recordso Driver’s license/vehicle registration departmentsSKIP TRACING AND BOUNTY HUNTINGThe term skip tracing is most often used in the field of bail bonds and bounty hunting, and many bounty hunters and bail bondsmen use the services of skip tracers to help locate individuals who have failed to meet the conditions of their bond. Because of this, skip tracing and bounty hunting are often mistakenly used synonymously.Skip tracing is a unique process, however, and, although it is often a function of bounty hunting, the two actions are distinctly different. In short, bounty hunters can act as skip tracers but skip tracers cannot serve as bounty hunters.Both bail bondsmen and bounty hunters use skip tracing to locate an individual who has skipped bail. Because the defendant who skips bail does not want to be found for fear of being sent to prison (referred to as an intentional skip, versus an unintentional skip, which involves a person who isn’t trying to avoid detection), the job of skip tracing in the bail bonds field can be quite challenging.Skip tracing in bounty hunting involves assessing information on the subject and uncovering facts to help in the apprehension of the fugitive. Using both traditional records and online tools and databases, all the while abiding by federal, state and local laws, such as trespass laws and privacy laws, skip tracers collect evidence and compose reports that are then used by bounty hunters when attempting an apprehension of the fugitive.Skip tracing is not unlike detective work, as it involves scouring databases, understanding where and how to search for information, and following up on leads. Skip tracing professionals conduct interviews, engage in surveillance activities, and assess information about their subject.HOW TO BECOME A SKIP TRACER: JOBS AND TRAININGAlthough there are no formal training requirements for performing skip tracing, professionals who want to learn how to become a skip tracer should make it a priority to learn about state and federal laws regarding everything from surveillance laws to privacy laws. Individuals interested in jobs in skip tracing may also achieve more career opportunities by specializing in a specific area of skip tracing, such as bounty hunting or debt collecting.Many skip tracers receive their training on the job, working for bail bond agencies, private investigation firms, debt collection agencies, etc. A good working knowledge of computer systems and databases is required to achieve success in this profession, as is the ability to communicate well with people.Formal training for skip tracer jobs can be attained through seminars and workshops, which are often offered through professional associations, such as the National Association of Fugitive Recovery Agents and the American Recovery Association Inc. Online seminars in skip tracing are also a popular option for skip tracers and other professionals, such as bounty hunters, debt collectors, and private investigators, who want to learn about the latest online search tools and databases.OPPORTUNITIES FOR SKIP TRACERSA number of industries hire skip tracers as employees, including debt collection agencies, investigative firms, and even law enforcement agencies. However, perhaps just as many skip tracers work as independent contractors, with bounty hunters, bail bondsmen and private investigators using their services as needed.__________________FRAUD PREVENTION AND CONTROLo PROCESS OF FRAUD SAMPLING: ----APPLICATION FRAUD: - An Application for a credit card or loan using details intended to mislead the issuer, or a card or loan obtained by using false information, fake identity over application form can be said to be an application fraud.o To check the credibility of a person, contact point verification, income document verifications & KYC document verifications are the basic methods used.o An applicant may use an altered data in his income documents so as to improve the chances of approval of his application. Consequently, after the approval, the member generally fails to make payments.o The documents that are presented by the applicant at the time of applying for the card or loan may be any of the following: -INCOME DOCS.1. Income Tax Return (ITR) and Financial2. Form 163. Salary Slip / Salary Certificate / Appointment letter4. Credit card Statement of any other Bank he is a card member of Other than these documents.5. LIC policy documentBANK STATEMENTo KYC Docso ID Proof (Passport, DL, Voter ID, PAN, Ration Card etc.)o Address Proof (Passport, DL, Voter ID, PAN, Ration Card, Electricity Bill, Telephone Bill, Water Bill, Rent Agreement, Lease Deed, GPA, Partnership Deed etc.o It is an easily understood fact that alterations into the data of any of these documents or production of fake documents hence improving the profile of the applicant is not a very difficult task to be performed by intentional frauds.o A Fraud can make one or multiple applications to one or several card-issuing banks using false data and variations between applications in order to make some of them pass the bank’s screening process.o Almost all Card or Loan issuing Companies / Banks have contracts with vendors for sourcing their card applications. Since this is an outsourced activity, the types of frauds that we stated earlier / above are often committed by the employees of the vendors as well in order to improve their total number of applications sourced and consequently to meet their targets and get good commissions. Hence Issuers (Banks) often come across cases of application pumping, applications of non-existing persons or addresses.o We hence make attempts in several ways to help strengthen the banks improve the detection of fraudulent applications. Our first and foremost step towards this is to detect fraudulent/ suspicious applications and minimize fraud application losses to the Card Issuer banks / Companies. We use our personal skills/ experience and broad-based approaches to achieve effectiveness in fraud Checks. We pick samples from several applications of the same type of information/ documents and through our discreet /Non-discreet methods of verifications and investigations called fraud samplings to try to detect the fraud applications/ individuals / Sourcing agentso This Process is known as Fraud Sampling.SAMPLE PICK UP: -Executives of RCU or FCU on a daily basis check 100% of the applications received for any products from the banks and select some percentage of the lot, depending over the type of document received for sampling. All the applications that are checked are stamped “F C U Checked” and the ones that are selected for sampling are stamped as “Fraud Sample Picked”. No application without a “fraud sample checked” stamp over it can be sent for further processing in the mailroom of the bank. Besides the executives who review the applications put a chit over the application mentioning the reason sample picked.This chit helps the case to be verified and an action plan to be prepared over it once it is sent to Agency. The premise(s) from where the applications are selected/checked is defined by the bank.__________________Mystery Shopping is a process in which a person visits a retail store, restaurant, bank branch or any such location with the objective of measuring the quality of customer experience.Many companies define detailed processes and parameters to ensure that customers will have a good experience in their sales locations. Some examples are:How customers will be greetedo What is the maximum acceptable waiting timeo What should be the temperature of the facilityo How many products should be on display etc.To ensure that these processes are followed, these companies hire Mystery Shopping Companies to conduct regular audits on their locations.The mystery shopping companies (also called Mystery Shopping Agencies) find people who match the target customer profile, provide them a questionnaire for recording their experience, and provide some training on how to measure various parameters. This person is called a Mystery Shopper. These mystery shoppers then visit the location pretending to be a customer and make careful note of things they have been asked to measure. The data is reported to the mystery shopping company, who compiles and analyzes data gathered from different locations to help their clients measure and improve their customer experience.Mystery shoppers are usually freelancers or people who do this on the side and are paid a fee to conduct each mystery audit. If the audit involves purchasing or consuming anything - the mystery shoppers are usually provided a full or partial reimbursement of the money they spend as well._______________________- Initiating Seeding and Mystery Shopping activities.- Conducting various Agency audits including Collection Agency, FI Agency, RCU Agency, etc.- Monitoring the operations of the staff and recommending corrections for improvement.- Valuation of the fraud and assisting in the recovery.- The audit process includes Merchant Visits.- Receipt verification and data analysis from the MIS received.- Report preparation and retail client visits.___________________VERIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS SUBMITTED FOR CONSUMER BANK –ASSETS FOR IDENTIFYING AND MITIGATING FRAUDS PRIOR TO DISBURSEMENT.o Coordination and Monitoring of Verification agency for sampling activities done by the Agencyo Co-ordination with Credit Managers of various products for running daily operations smoothly.o Audit of the collection agencyo Any other activity assigned pertaining to RCU of Consumer Bank - Assetso MIS preparation and co-ordination with Head Officeo Supervising Ahmedabad and Rajkot RCU-RA activitiesTHE MEASURABLE WILL BE –o Control application Frauds by ensuring sampling efficiency at defined sampling percentageso Ensure optimum fraud hit rates with a sharp focus on document and profile related frauds.o Frauds prevented by sampling/screening processo Recovery cross-checks and agency controlso Quality of investigation and root cause analysiso Maintenance of TAT__________________________THE ROLE OF RISK CONTAINMENT UNIT (RCU) –CONSUMER BANKING AS A DEPARTMENT IS BROADLY CATEGORIZED INTO THE FOLLOWING:o Data Intelligence Team also known as Control team send alerts/ reports related to breach of bank defined limits/ suspicious trxn/ regulatory violations etco Pre A/C Opening Check / Verification on a sample basiso Onsite Process Support Visits for ensuring adherence to process.o Analytics for monitoring suspect transactionso Offsite monitoring via Compliance Certificate to confirm compliance to Regulatory items/ Processes/ Systems/ Controls by RL Branches.o Loss Data Management – Unusual Evento Case Management for Incidentso Investigation & Root Cause Analysis of fraud/dispute caseso Third-Party Product Analytics to ensure that the process of sale and product sold are right and suit the customer’s profile.o Analysis of Direct Banking Fraud Trends & Investigation/Action to be taken for limiting the risks.o Collection Receipt / Settlement Cases Calling on a random sampling basis to customers in order to confirm the genuineness of the receipts provided in records.o Agency Audit is conducted to check process adherence._____________________o Develop and sustain a system for Fraud identification, monitoring, investigating, reporting in order to minimize fraud losses and ensure timely recovery of fraud-related claims.o 100% screening & Sampling of Mortgage application based on scientific triggers.o Conducting end to end fraud document & profile investigation to reach out to fraud perpetratoro Weeding out negative elements (application /DSEs/companies) from the systemo Handling a team samplers for various risk control activitieso Cross-checking of FI reports & sharingo Cross-checking the authenticity & quality of RCU agency reports and vendor managemento DMA & DME pre empanelment market checks.o Continuous feedback to the policy team for updating the policy.o Audit & training of all the associated agencies viz., Direct Marketing Associates, Connectors, Collection agencies, Courier agencies, etc and report sharing with Business teams to align the process & system at our outsourced channels_____________________________BANK STATEMENT VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION WITH CONCERNED BANKo Criminal Records Checko Financial Competency Checko Financial Documents Checko Stability Checko Background Verification Checko Passport Checko All other Documents Authentication_________________________JOB ROLEo Verification of applications submitted for Home Loan / LAP Loan for identifying and mitigating frauds prior to disbursemento Coordination and Monitoring of Verification agency for sampling activities done by the Agencyo Co-ordination with Credit Managers of various products for running daily operations smoothlyo Audit of the collection agencyo Any other activity assigned pertaining to RCUo MIS preparation and co-ordination with Head Officeo Supervising RCU-RA activitiesTHE MEASURABLE WILL BEo Control application Frauds by ensuring sampling efficiency at defined sampling percentageso Ensure optimum fraud hit rates with a sharp focus on document and profile related fraudso Frauds prevented by sampling/screening processo Recovery cross-checks and agency controlso Quality of investigation and root cause analysiso Maintenance of TA__________________________BUSINESS VERTICALS: FRAUD & RISK CONTROLFRAUD & RISK CONTROL UNIT (FRC)ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED UNDER PFRC UNIT ARE AS BELOWEMPLOYEE BACKGROUND CHECKI. ADDRESS CHECKWe visit the stated address and verify whether the candidate is staying there. Details are confirmed through the neighbors and contacted person of the stated addressII. EDUCATION CHECKWe verify the same through direct contact with the authorized person/s in the student records department of the relevant educational institutionsIII. EMPLOYMENT CHECKWe check the duration of work, Designation, Salary, Reason of Exit, and any breach of contract been done by the candidate. We verify this information form HR unit/ reporting authority of the particular Company where candidate was employed previouslyIV. REFERENCE CHECKWe contact with the references provided and check the genuinely/ Integrity/ social background of the candidateV. CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKWe verify the presence or absence of any criminal records through the police station whose jurisdiction the stated address of the candidate comes underVI. GLOBAL DATABASE CHECKWe identify any sanctions, debarments, disciplinary records and compliance violations (India / Global) through Data-BaseVII. DRUG TESTWe visit client premises to collect the required samples and check for the presence of the specified drugs. The findings are corroborated with a report from the laboratory________________________________RCU (RISK CONTAINMENT UNIT - RCU) ServicesI. SCREENING & SAMPLING PROCESSThis is Pre – Sanction activity done for Various Retail loan products and in this we do screening of 100% files logged in, and look for any subspecies documents/ profile. We collect the samples of those documents up to the prescribed percentage of logged-in files for Verification and detailed report with findings is submitted in agreed Turnaround timeII. DOCUMENT VERIFICATIONWe verify the authenticity of KYC/ Income and other documents with the issuing authorities which could be the registrar, the hospital, Passport office, and other concerned authorities and highlight any mismatch or discrepancy detected (during verification) between the details mentioned on the document and that found in the authority_________________________SEEDING & MYSTERY SHOPPINGSEEDING & MYSTERY SHOPPING IS AN ACTIVITY CONDUCTED TO CHECKo Customer identification process followed by respective Units / Associateso Apparatus, equipment, and infrastructure employed for conducting Activitieso Sacrosanctity of services and approach, the process being conducted by Units / AssociatesDEALER STOCKYARD AUDITDEALER STOCKYARD AUDIT IS AN ACTIVITY CONDUCTED TO CHECKo To identify or Analyze the Utilization of Funding done by Bank’s / Financial Institute to Dealer’s for their working Capitalo Analysis & Tracking of physical stock available at the stockyard, stock in transit and sold Stocko Re-finance for new additional stockINVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATION IS A DESK CHECK & FIELD CHECK CONDUCTED TO FIND OUTo The correctness of Documents or Information Provided by any Applicanto Checking of his background & Involvement in political/ illegal activityo Cross-checking his criminal backgroundo Checking of relationship with business associates of Customero Checking of his Lifestyle with connection to his monthly earningo Previous Employer Feedback checking on his integrity

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the most influential man in the history of politicians. He has proven himself to be the man of his words, through the transformation of his revolutionary ideas into a vivid reality. It would be an understatement to call him just the ‘Champion Of Development’ because he also excels in every other role of an ideal Prime Minister.1. His Stand Against Divisive PoliticsRight after Modi was elected as Gujarat's Chief Minister in 2002, the Godhra riots broke out in which more than 1000 Indians were killed. It was a sensitive time that he handled well enough as a first time CM.Since Independence, there have been over 90 massacres and hundreds of riots. However, Gujarat was the only state to set up a court to investigate and jail the culprits. Modi had to face Special Investigation Team (SIT) probes several times after being alleged to have an active role but was given the clean chit eventually.2. His Handling Of Terrorism And Security ThreatsThe attacks of 26/11 proved, how vulnerable our nation was to infiltration and attacks. If it were not for NSG, Army, and police the collateral damage would have been far worse.After the attack on the Pathankot airbase, everything seemed to change, the terrorists had strict instructions from their Pakistani handlers to destroy Indian assets. The infiltration in the Pathankot airbase was detected by a drone that was deployed for regular patrolling. The authorities sealed the entire area and neutralized them in less than three days with minimal damage to civilian life and property.Apart from this, India is also prepping its military arsenal by entering joint partnerships with France, the USA, Russia, and Israel. The arsenal predominantly includes nuclear-capable submarines, F-16s, rockets, and choppers. These will help ensure security at Indian borders at all times.3. His Lobbying For Permanent Unsc Membership For IndiaModi traveled to various countries and was dubbed the 'NRI Prime Minister' by some. What they didn't note was that by traveling so extensively he was furthering three key agendas: improving relationships with countries, inviting investments and winning support for India's permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).After traveling and inviting ambassadors and leaders from countries like the US, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan, he achieved almost everyone's support for India's UNSC bid. This support was a direct result of his efforts to showcase India's eligibility for a position on this international platform.4. Decision-Making AbilitiesAt the time of his governance in Gujarat, PM Narendra Modi demonstrated his extraordinary decision-making skills, a trait that isn't seen too often in Indian politicians. His no-nonsense approach in making key executive decisions and ensuring quick implementation is pivotal to his effective governance model.5. Clear Vision For India’s FuturePM Modi has envisioned a "long jump" for changing the economic and social face of India. Keeping the poor and underprivileged in the focus of all the government policies, he has come up with P2 G2 (Pro-Poor, Proactive and Good Governance) approach.At the policy level, the Modi government will continue focusing on "Jan Dhan" or the financial inclusion of the poor. The two new aspects are also included: "Jal Dhan" programs for increasing agriculture network, and "Van Dhan" programs for protecting forest resources.6. Powerful Mass AppealNarendra Modi has a huge mass appeal and there's a strong reason as to why crowds gather in large numbers to hear him. His campaigns have been multidimensional focusing on youth empowerment, fighting corruption, wiping out terrorism and much more. With an aim to replicate socio-economic success, he strives to connect with the masses on a deeper level.7. Contemporary Uniform Civil CodeAccording to Article 44 in Part IV of the Constitution of India – Directive Principles of State Policy, “The state shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.”This suggests that all Indians shall be governed by the common law on matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance and the like. This puts an end to confusion and chaos of different religious personal laws and offers a fair dignity to every citizen. Modi has vowed to enforce a contemporary uniform civil code for harmonizing tradition with today’s times.8. Abrogation Of Article 370This Article comes in Part 21 of the Constitution and pertains to the Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions. It resulted in a 1974 accord between Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Abdullah which restored peace in Jammu and Kashmir. It renders political and administrative autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir in all matters except defense, atomic energy, CBI, foreign affairs, railways, ports, maritime security, elections, currency and the like. It aimed to allow time for the political injury to heal but it has turned into a bargaining tool.For a healthy democracy, all states must be equal. Special status and special category likely create a sense of entitlement that hurts India. Article 370 must be removed or it must apply to all states.9. Rationalization Of MinistriesModi vows to rationalize ministries and departments.it's likely that those ministries may merge to form a lean and mean cabinet. Near about 30 ministries could work more efficiently for India to become more focused. The UPA had a lot of ministries which resulted in every minister doing or not doing as they pleased.10. Proactive DiplomacyModi is well on his way to expand and empower India’s pool of diplomats. Part of his proactive diplomacy has begun with the invites to neighbor countries for his swearing-in ceremony. It is refreshing to see New Delhi take charge. How the neighbors respond is of interest but it takes nothing away from the initiative. In time, Modi says he would work to regain the glory India once had. This is worth it. India was a world mentor once and can still be so, with hard and intelligent work.11. 100 New CitiesThis ambitious plan needs vision, money, planning, and brilliance. Shanghai has set a new benchmark for future cities. India’s new cities ought to begin from where Shanghai left off. A key aspect should be that these cities must have aesthetic value. They ought to improve in Paris and the rest of Europe at the minimum. For this, Modi and his team would need great architects.12. Bullet Train QuadrilateralWhile the world is working at their levitating train technologies, India needs its bullet trains already; the engineers speak of soil and other challenges to bullet trains in India. It sounds like alibis. A nation is stuck if its people can’t travel fast. We are 50 years behind Japan on bullet trains; the world has moved on to much faster maglev trains. Five years should be the outer limit for bullet trains to start in India.13. Infrastructure Along The LACIndia drops a few steps on the developing country ladder when it comes to infrastructure because it is either nonexistent or in shambles. Modi has said he would lay special emphasis on developing infrastructure along the LAC at Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim.This means moving man and machine there and rapidly putting together super roads, bridges, communication, offices, houses, and airports. China has begun work on connecting the world through high-speed trains from Beijing. Surely India could at least fix its LAC act.14. Modernize 100 Most Backward DistrictsImagine the wretched parts of India teeming with activity and progress. It would be such a boost to self-esteem and confidence. All we need is integrity, skill, and speed. Hopefully, the Modi government would share a list of these 100 districts first.15. Return Of The Kashmiri PanditsIt is a shame that our own has to be in exile in the homeland. A safe and sound long-term return of the Kashmiri Pandits could help heal in a big way. It ought to be the first of many such correctives going all the way to the Maoists in Chhattisgarh.16. Back To BasicsThe Swacch Bharat Abhiyan is a wonderful example of how the PM has managed to reign in the children and the youth of the country to battle the issue of cleanliness and hygiene – a traditional concern of India. In the process, he has managed to introduce healthy competition by naming clean cities and clean railway stations as well, putting cleanliness on the national agenda.17. Economic LeadershipThe Na-Mo government’s focus on the economic development of the country is undeniable. It is here that we should let numbers do the talking. In economic growth rate of the country in 2013-14 was pegged at about 4.7 percent, a slight increase over the 4.5 percent growth of 2012-13.Compare this with the GDP growth of 7.6 percent as reported for 2015-16. The average inflation of India in 2013 was estimated at 10.92 percent and in 2016 it was estimated at about 6.00 percent.18. Empowering India“Make in India” These three words declared by the PM from the ramparts of the Red Fort woke the nation up to its potential. For years, India has been grappling with the menace of unemployment but the PM’s vision to transform India into the manufacturing hub of the world has breathed new life into about 25 different sectors. Foreign investment is pouring in with Ease of Doing Business rankings climbing steadily. Add to this Modi’s flagship campaigns – Skills India and Digital India and the nation is turning into one of the best startup incubation centers in the world.19. Leading The WorldIndia has been quite a docile follower despite its immense capabilities. Under PM Narendra Modi India seems to have broken out of its shell. Be it with regard to the BRICS bank or the PM Modi, along with French President François Hollande, launched an alliance of over 120 nations – the Solar Alliance – at Paris COP21 climate summit. He volunteered to set up the headquarters in Gurgaon, India, once again bringing our nation to the forefront. Under Na-Mo, India has emerged from the shadows and taken on the lead in the global space.20. One Nation One MarketIt's been 70 years since our independence and Sardar Patel united different provinces to form a united India. The political union did turn into a reality for India but it didn't become one market. PM Modi-led Government aims to unite Indian markets to empower our producers & strengthen our consumers. With this vision, the NDA government has taken numerous initiatives to really achieve One Nation, One Market.21. Empowering Farmers For A Prosperous IndiaPM Modi-led government has laid an unprecedented focus on agriculture. Several initiatives have been taken for improving productivity, safeguarding farmers and augmenting their incomes and improving their overall well-being. These significant steps of the government are helping farmers in many ways including easy availability of fertilizers, improving irrigation facilities, easy access to credit, scientific help and better price for their produce. PM Modi also aims to double farmers’ incomes by 2022 through multi-modal interventions.22. Swachh Bharat MissionWhile launching the Swachh Bharat Mission at Rajpath, New Delhi in 2014, PM Narendra Modi had said, “A clean India would be the best tribute India could pay to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150 birth anniversary in 2019.” While spearheading the nationwide movement for cleanliness, PM Modi urged people to fulfill Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of a Clean India. As a result of that, this campaign became successful.23. Jan Dhan – Financial InclusionWhen the Narendra Modi led government came into power in May 2014, millions of people in India didn't have a bank account. Several decades had passed but financial inclusion remained far-fetched to millions of Indians. So to ensure financial inclusion to one and all, the Jan Dhan Yojana was launched as a mission.As a result, 23.93 crore bank accounts have been opened within 2 years' span. Moreover, Rs. 41,789 crore has been deposited in these bank accounts. This will help in securing the future and bringing stability to the lives of millions of people with the savings they will have in their bank accounts. It has also opened doors to institutional credit who were until now affected by lenders and their high-interest rates. The Jan Dhan Bank account also comes with overdraft, insurance, that are now being used widely.24. Beti Bachao, Beti PadhaoPM Modi launched Beti Bachao Beti Padhao on 22 January 2015 at Panipat, Haryana. This mission was initiated to address the worsening Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and issues related to women empowerment over a life-cycle. It is an effort of three ministries: Ministries of Women and Child Development, Health & Family Welfare and Human Resource Development.The major elements of the scheme are Enforcement of PC & PNDT Act, nation-wide awareness and advocacy campaign and multi-sectoral action in the 100 chosen districts that are low on CSR. A strong emphasis has been laid on the change of mindset through training, sensitization, awareness-raising and community mobilization on ground.25. Saansad Adarsh Gram YojanaOn 11 October 2014, Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana was launched with an aim of translating the radical vision of Mahatma Gandhi about making an ideal Indian village a reality. Under this initiative, every Member of Parliament needs to adopt a Gram Panchayat and usher its overall progress thereby considering social development more important than the infrastructure. The ‘Adarsh Grams’ will turn into schools of local development and governance and will thus inspire other Gram Panchayats.By taking villagers into account and using scientific tools to the utmost advantage, a Village Development Plan is drafted under the Member of Parliament’s leadership. After that, departments prepare detailed project reports and submit to the state government. State Level Empowered Committee (SLEC) reviews, suggest amendments and renders priority allocation of resources. As of now, several Ministries /Departments of Government of India have amended 21 Schemes in order to prioritize the SAGY Gram Panchayat projects.26. Unleashing India’s Entrepreneurial EnergyPM Modi’s government has taken major steps to give a boost to entrepreneurship. The ‘Make In India’ initiative focuses on not only manufacturing sectors but services and infrastructure sectors as well. A 3 pronged strategy adopted by the government is based on 3 C Model to work upon Compliances, Capital & Contract Enforcement.27. Powering India’s GrowthIndia is on an ambitious mission to provide electricity to 18,000 villages that continue to fraught with darkness after almost 7 decades of independence. PM Modi had announced on 15 August 2017 that all the remaining villages will be electrified within 1000 days.Rural electrification is taking place rapidly and is being done in a truly transparent way. It is worth noting that the electricity reaching the villages is accompanied by dreams, aspirations & upward mobility in life for villagers.28. Ganga Rejuvenation Project- Namami GangeThe River Ganga supports more than 600 million people, that’s about 40% of India’s population. In order to turn this vision into reality, the Government launched an integrated Ganga conservation mission called ‘Namami Gange’ to curb the ever-increasing pollution of the Ganga River and revive the river. The Union Cabinet sanctioned the action plan that was proposed by Centre regarding spending Rs 20,000 crores till 2019-2020 on cleaning the river and increasing the budget by four times and with 100% central share – a central sector scheme.29. Make In India‘Make in India’ is a revolutionary initiative launched by PM Narendra Modi to give an impetus to entrepreneurship. Its four pillars are new processes to promote ‘ease of doing business’, new and modern infrastructure for industries’ growth, new sectors (25 sectors have been identified in all the sectors) and a new mindset of being a facilitator rather than a regulator.30. Unprecedented TransparencyIn the past decades, we have witnessed arbitrary decision making, corruption and discretion rather than policy dictating crucial decisions. After the Supreme Court’s decision of canceling the coal block allocations, the current government took swift action to ensure transparent and timely auctions. The Auction and Allotment revenue from 67 coal blocks have reached 3.35 lakh crores over the life of the mine.The long-time pending defense band identification was resolved swiftly and a good quantity of 2100 MHz released by the Defence Ministry was put into the auction. Various rounds of the auction were carried out for spectrum in 4 different bands: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz. The approved reserve price was Rs 80277 crore but the auction ended up fetching a record of Rs.109875 crore. Apart from this, the Environment Ministry began the process of online submission of applications to ensure online tracking and facilitate informed, transparent, expeditious and predictable decisions on forest approval applications.Moreover, the government is working in tandem with the Swiss Government and procuring case details investigated by the IT Department. The Government sanctioned the Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets (Imposition of Tax) Bill 2015. The Provisions of the Bill include severe penalties and punishment for undisclosed foreign income and assets. It is also mandatory to quote PAN for purchase or sale of above Rs. 1 lakh.31. Connecting India like Never BeforePM Modi's government has been giving a huge boost to infrastructure. Railways, Roads, and Shipping have been the focus to augment this infrastructure and aid in connectivity. The Railway budget focuses on structural and infrastructural reforms. New trains are announced on a regular rather than on an annual basis.Various passenger-friendly amenities including Wi-fi on railway stations, passenger helpline (138), security helpline (182), paperless unreserved ticketing, e-catering, mobile security app and CCTV cameras for the safety of women, etc have been launched. The railways will serve as a locomotive of the economy and connect mines, coasts, etc.32. Empowering the Different States Equally With Boost To FederalismPM Modi has stressed on the need to leverage co-operative & competitive federalism to achieve all-round growth. For a long time, we have seen a Big Brother relationship between the Centre & States. A ‘One Size Fits All’ approach had been used for years, not taking into account the heterogeneity of different states and their local requirements.The NITI Aayog was formed to further empower and strengthen the states. An important evolutionary change from the past will be replacing a Union-to-State one-way flow of policy by a genuine and continuing partnership with the states. NITI Aayog will act with speed, to provide the strategic policy vision for the government as well as deal with contingent issues.33. Putting The Indian Economy On A Fast-TrackIndia’s GDP Growth rocketed to 7.4%, which is the fastest among all the large economies of the world. Various rating agencies and think tanks have predicted that India’s growth would accelerate sharply in the next few years under the NDA Government. Banking on the strong fundamentals & reforms being undertaken by the NDA Government, Moody’s upgraded India’s rating from ‘stable’ to ‘positive’ recently.When BRICS was launched, a lot of people felt that the “I” (India) does not belong to the league and India was seen with skepticism. Now, it is India that is perceived to be powering the BRICS as its growth engine.34. Smart Cities MissionSmart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with a mission to develop 100 cities all over the country making them citizen-friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development is responsible for implementing the mission in collaboration with the state governments of the respective cities.35. The World Does Yoga TogetherInternational Yoga Day is celebrated annually on 21 June since its inception in 2015. An international day for yoga was declared unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). Yoga is a physical, mental and spiritual practice attributed mostly to India. The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his UN address suggested the date of 21 June, as it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and shares special significance in many parts of the world.36. Inhumanity We TrustWhen the conflict in Yemen reached its peak there were people of several nations stuck on the conflict zone. The Government of India left no stone unturned to rescue people, not only Indians but of several Nations. Several Nations sought India’s assistance in rescue operations and the scale and speed at which India’s rescue operations were unprecedented and highly impactful.37. Goods And Services Tax (GST)Earlier, because of multiple tax structures, the maximum resources of the transport and logistics sector were expended in maintaining paperwork. Pollution levels have also come down with the increased speeds of the trucks. Goods are also being transported much faster. The time required to cover distances has come down drastically. Highways have become clutter-free.38. One Rank, One PensionThe implementation of OROP resulted in enhanced pension for the pensioners/family pensioners of Defence Forces. The setting up of the Judicial Committee headed by Justice L. Narasimha Reddy did help in the removal of anomalies that may arise in the implementation of OROP.39. Startup IndiaStart-ups are now exempted from paying income tax on their profit for the first three years. The Government has introduced a simple exit policy for Start-ups along with a scheme of fast-tracking of Start-up patent applications.Eighty percent exemption in patent fee for Start-up businesses and a self-certification based compliance system for Start-ups would be introduced for 9 labor and environment laws. The Atal Innovation Mission was also launched to give a boost to innovation.40. No Doubt A Bold Step DemonetizationDemonetization of the currency means discontinuity of the said currency from circulation and replacing it with a new currency.Most of the people hailed Modi's strong decision, while the poor were shocked by the move. The overnight decision changed the life of many as black money holders were worried about the pile of cash they were sitting on. Many poor daily wage workers were left with no job and income as owners were unable to pay their daily wages.41. He believes in TeamworkPM Modi seems to attribute every bit of success to the party and their teamwork in the hour of need. Modi can be seen diverting all the credits coming his way to his dedicated team. “Teamwork is the essence of good governance. It is necessary to form a team within the party and also within the administrative system.”42. E-governance is easy, effective and economicalE-governance has been strongly backed by PM Narendra Modi for not only is easy, effective and economical but also because it is environment-friendly and will result in paperless offices. Technology, indeed, has the power to transform our economic potential. Bridging the digital divide, IT acts as an enabler for change.National eGovernance Plan (NeGP) has been formulated with an aim to improve the delivery of government services to citizens and businesses. The major activities include setting up ICT infrastructure, implementation of national and state-level e-governance projects, R&D, etc.43. Information Technology + Indian Talent = India TomorrowAccording to PM Narendra Modi, embracing technology cannot happen if only a few people are keen on it and the scale has to be larger. Technology has the power to transform our economic potential also. IT + IT = IT. This means ‘Information technology + Indian Talent = India Tomorrow’.44. Respecting the dignity of womenOut of over 24 crore households in India, India about 10 crore households are deprived of LPG as cooking fuel and use primary cooking sources such as firewood, coal and dung cakes. The smoke produced by burning these fuels badly affects women's and children’s health and causes various respiratory disorders.Since the launch of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in May 2016, the food fuel and housing inflation have almost halved from 6.44% in May’16 to 3.05% in October’17. This initiative aims to empower poor women who inhale unhealthy emissions from burning coal, wood and other such cooking fuels. Over 3 crore LPG connections have been released across India until now.45. Stand-Up IndiaPM Narendra Modi launched ‘Stand up India’ on 5 April 2016 to back women entrepreneurs and SC/ST communities in the non-farm sector. This scheme offers bank loans of 10 lakh-1 crores repayable for up to 7 years. It provides handholding support at both pre-loan stages and during operations such as registration with online platforms and e-marketplaces and sessions on best practices.46. He Interacts with People through his official app & Social MediaOur Prime Minister Narendra Modi is digital savvy and is very active on social media. In a first, the official app of PM Modi provides the latest information, instant updates and allows people of India to contribute toward several tasks. By sharing ideas and suggestions, the people of India get an exclusive opportunity to receive emails and messages directly from the PM. It has some features that empower citizens to make a positive difference in society. On its thoughtful forums, one can share ideas, views and interact with a wide range of people.47. His Numerous Measures To Attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to IndiaIn three years of Modi’s governance, the inflow of FDI has considerably gone up by 38%, from $36 billion in 2013-14 to $60 billion in 2016-17. Bold policy reforms and ‘Make in India’ initiative have especially played a major role in driving FDI to India. It was even regarded as the “topmost attractive destination for foreign investment” according to a release.48. Expand the scope of the Food Security ActWhen the National Food Security Act was rolled out by 33 states/UTs in 2016, the Centre extended its scope by making foodgrain available to India’s 12 crores “poorest of poor” for free. The poorest 2.5 crore households now get 35 kg each of highly subsidized foodgrain (rice, wheat, and coarse cereals) a month under the Antoydaya Anna Yojana (AAY).49. Give Up LPG Subsidy“Give it up” campaign urged well-off sections of society to forgo LPG subsidy so that it can be utilized in giving subsidized LPG connections to the poor. This would help BPL house ladies get kitchen comfort by reducing carbon emissions due to firewood burning.50. Saubhagya on electrificationPradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana is a scheme that aims to provide electricity connections to more than 40 million households in rural and urban areas.51. Securing our nation, Restoring its prideOur Indian Army has been tough against terror and gave a strong fightback to the enemy by doing a surgical strike in which it destroyed terrorist launchpads in 2016. This bold move was also backed globally. Moreover, it carried out an operation to eliminate a group of insurgents in Myanmar.52. His reforms led to Moody's upgrading India's rating for the first time in 14 yearsIt’s the result of structural reforms undertaken by the Modi government that the international rating agency Moody’s Investors Service upgraded India’s sovereign rating for the first time in 14 years.53. The Indigenous financial engine Mudra BankIn Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, the companies which needing funds less than Rs. 10 lacs can easily apply for a loan under this scheme. It is highly beneficial for small businesses, non-farm sector businesses and non-corporates. In this scheme, the age for filing loan is 23-28 years and the loan should be paid back before reaching 65 years’ age.54. Eco-Friendly steps were taken by ModiUnder the Modi government, various steps have been taken toward achieving eco-friendly goals for a sustainable future. The widely successful campaign Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Clean Ganga Mission, National Air Quality Index, Toilets Before Temples, and Clean Mission for Mount Everest.55. Modi represents New IndiaMarking 70 years of India’s independence, Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged people and outlining the vision of ‘Unify India’ (Bharat Jodo) in which he aims to build a “New India” that will be free of caste and religious differences, corruption and terrorism and where all the Indians will get access to housing, electricity, and water.56. India becoming a hub of quality educationPM Modi has also set out to bring structural reforms in school and university education. The functioning of Niti Ayog that focuses on the government’s mission of ‘grade-wise learning for each class’, the University Grants Commission and restructuring All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) has been emphasized.57. Women & Child DevelopmentPM Modi has taken serious initiatives to provide aid to pregnant and lactating mothers for a comfortable birth. Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana provides Rs. 6000 financial aid to pregnant mothers on their first live birth. Moreover, another scheme named Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritv Abhiyan aims to offer assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care services to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month for free.58. A special gift for Meritorious Muslim girlsModi government encouraged Muslim girls to pursue higher education and those obtaining graduate degrees and have got MAEF scholarships earlier will get Rs. 15,00 as a wedding gift. This scheme has been called Shaadi Shagun.59. He works really hardPM Modi’s dream for new, better India is so vivid and his love for country is so selfless that he doesn’t even need Sundays off and some sources even say that he works tirelessly for 20 hours a day and sleeps only for about 3-4 hours.60. India can defend itself in times of terrorBold steps taken against terrorism by Modi government include carrying out surgical strikes across the Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir, resuming cordon and search operations in more than 20 villages in Shopian and combing operations launched against Maoists in Chhattisgarh among many others.61. Mera Aadhaar Meri PehchanAadhar card serves as proof of one’s identity and addresses anywhere in India. It helps in instantly opening a bank account and obtaining a monthly pension, passport in 10 days, PF money and student scholarship.62. Green Energy has got a boost under Modi regimeModi to raise solar investment target to $100 Billion by 2022. The investments will help boost the alternative energy capacity to 100,000 MW. The Government wants to raise renewable capacity to 175 gigawatts by 2022 from 45 gigawatts at present. The impact can already be seen with the public commute vehicles switching to electric and other renewable energy sources.The government also issued Rs 42,000 crore for afforestation with Parliament passing The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Bill, 2016.63. Empowering IndiansPrime Minister Narendra Modi has lived up to his mantra of "sabka saath sabka vikas" (development for all) by empowering Indians not just in the country but also those living abroad. In the last three years, the government had managed to evacuate 1.25 lakh people from troubled places in different parts of the world64. Initiative For Women Empowerment Revolution in IndiaOut of the several schemes that the Modi government launched these are a few which falls under the category of Women Empowerment:Beti Bachao Beti PadhaoThe One Stop CentreWomen HelplineNari Shakti PuraskarAnd there were few amendments in the existing women empowerment schemes too.65. Housing For AllPrime Minister Narendra Modi’s flagship housing scheme 'Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojna' came with the aim of providing 'Housing For All' by 2022. The credit-linked subsidy scheme (CLSS) on home loans under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana has now been extended till March 2019.66. No place for VIP culture in New IndiaSoon after the Union Cabinet decided to ban red beacons on VIP cars, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday said people must also move away from the mindset of VIP culture. Stressing that if every person is considered important in a country of 1.25 billion people, he said India can achieve great things.67. The first leader in India to connect with people through radioIn fifteen addresses of Mann ki Baat broadcast so far, more than 61,000 ideas have been received on the website and 1.43 lakh audio recordings by listeners have been received. Each month, some selected calls become a part of the broadcast. 02 June 2017, PM Narendra Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat' will soon be available in regional dialects, starting with Chhattisgarh, Haryana, and Jharkhand.68. His Moral values towards NationOne can say that PM Modi does what he preaches, and it is a sign of a man who is still in touch with his roots; a man who wants to advance but not at the cost of his cultural values. For PM Modi the nation comes first, maybe that’s one of the reasons why he works 18 hours a day. (Narendra Modi believes in India, Indian values, and it's traditions. Hence he insists his colleagues and officials go in for Indian dresses when bonus official duties.Narendra Modi has maintained high moral ground. Also, he is a very hard-working one, putting in 18 hours a day work. Modi doesn't waste his time. Hence when on tour, he travels during the night and keeps the day time for official work. For Modi nation comes first. Hence many decisions, even if they affect the party electorally, implements them. Narendra Modi appreciates and encourages anyone who does good work even if he is from the opposition.Modi does not consider his adversaries within the party or outside, as his enemies. If they are merited he takes them into the cabinet as in the case of Sushma Swaraj. He congratulated Nitish Kumar on his victory though he was his adversary.69. He is Man of RuleAt Times Modi has Addressed the BJP Parliamentary meeting, saying that he was disappointed with the attendance percentage of BJP MPs and that there is an urgent need to overcome the flaw. Proving that he is a man of rule and he is willing to tie all the loose ends in order to establish order.70. Growth in AgricultureTo resolve the problem of the unpredictable nature of farming and prevent farmer suicides in the country, the Government launched PM Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana in early 2016. It’s a crop insurance policy with relaxed premium rates on the principal sum insured for farmers. Implemented with a budget of Rs 17,600 crore, this scheme will provide financial support to farmers and cover for their losses.71. What Makes Narendra Modi Different?Modi is a leader who has both power and passion. We have seen political leaders who had visionary thinking and we have seen some leaders who had an eye for the details, but Narendra Modi can do both. While his eyes are focused on the stars his feet are firmly on the ground.72. Your bank account is now key to security as wellPradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is available to people between 18 and 70 years of age with bank accounts. It has an annual premium of ₹12 exclusives of taxes. The GST is exempted on Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana. The amount will be automatically debited from the account. The accident insurance scheme will have one year cover from June 1 to May 31 and would be offered through banks and administered through public sector general insurance companies.73. Har Ghar Bijli...Har Ghar Paani...Gaon Gaon Faili Khushaali…The DDUGJY scheme will enable to initiation of much-awaited reforms in the rural areas. It focuses on feeder separation (rural households & agricultural) and strengthening of sub-transmission & distribution infrastructure including metering at all levels in rural areas. This will help in providing round the clock power to rural households and adequate power to agricultural consumers.74. Disclose Your Undisclosed Income to Transform IndiaThe government had launched PMGKY after the demonetization of high-value currency as a second chance for tax evaders to come clean.Under the scheme, holders of black money in the demonetized currency notes could declare the undisclosed income and pay penalty and tax of up to 50 percent of the funds and park 25 percent in a non-interest bearing deposit for four years.75. Driving India towards a cashless driven countryPM Modi has been giving a big push towards making India a digitally empowered and cashless economy. Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) aims to empower poor, Dalits, tribals and farmers by using a secure fingerprint access system for making transactions. Internet banking, mobile banking, Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) are other digital payment methods.76. Make a contribution in honor of the Bravehearts‘Bharat Ke Veer’ is an initiative calling out to civilians to contribute to the families of martyred soldiers. The portal allows the general public to donate money online directly to individual braveheart’s account and or Bharat Ke Veer’s corpus.77. Quality medicines at affordable prices for allQuality branded medicines are not affordable to all so Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana Kendra was launched to provide quality generic medicines at affordable prices to the masses through special kendras.78. Rejuvenating the soul of Urban IndiaIndia is a country with rich heritage and culture. This scheme aims to preserve and revitalize the heritage city’s soul so as to reflect the city’s unique ethos by fostering accessible, informative and secured environments.This scheme is being implemented in 12 cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal.79. His revolutionary initiative for water conservationTo address the ever-growing water crisis in the country, Jal Kranti Abhiyan was launched in June 2015 to preserve the precious water. It would involve using the modern technique for enhancing water security, encouraging combined use of surface and groundwater, creating additional facilities for water conservation through the construction of water harvesting structures, a widespread program for rain-water harvesting and for motivating the villagers toward participation in the water-related schemes and cost-sharing by the community to promote a sense of belongingness and accountability.80. SANKALP SE SIDDHI (New India Movement 2017-2022)Sankalp Se Siddhi scheme is a 5-year plan of building new India by focusing on major issues such as Corruption-free, Literate India, Poverty-free, Communalism free, Caste discrimination-free, Clean India and Terrorism Free. It also aims to double low-income group families especially poor farmers’ income.81. Growing international tourist arrivalsModi’s tourism push has truly paid off. International tourist arrivals (ITAs) have seen a significant jump of 16 places within the past 2 years according to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation’s World Tourism Barometer. In 2015, India was at 40th place and it recorded 24th place this March 2017. Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) scheme were launched to develop and beautify pilgrimage sites to drive the growth of domestic tourists. Moreover, 27 projects of Rs. 2261 crore has been sanctioned for 21 states and UTs.82. Healthcare InitiativesIn the healthcare sector, several initiatives have been taken to free India from the issue of open defecation to prevent diseases including typhoid, cholera, hepatitis among others. Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, and Kerala have recently been declared as the first three open defecation-free states. Clean India Initiative (Swachh Bharat Mission), E-health, door-to-door screening of various chronic diseases are few other initiatives taken by Modi government. The launch of the New Health Policy seeks to escalate public health facilities by 50% by 2025.83. Secularism: India FirstModi’s stand for secularism can be seen in his speeches and in his actions too. Secularism is a term interpreted in many different ways by different people. PM Modi mantra is made quite clear with this statement of his “For me, it has always been something very simple - putting India First.” The OFBJP(Overseas Friends Of Bhartiya Janta Party), a BJP sympathizer group has presence across 12 states in the US. The body claims to work towards projecting a positive and correct image of India and its people in the US and foreign media.84. ISRO Makes HistoryISRO and the Department of Science successfully accomplished 36 missions in the last three years. Which includes 17 launch vehicle missions, 16 satellites mission and 3 technology demonstration missions. The most notable feat was that the ISRO launched a record 104 satellites in one go using PSLV. The government also made huge investments in an effort of preparedness for disaster management with Monitoring of drought, floods, and cyclones are being done.85. Modi's India Is RisingAccording to a Forbes article, Modi has done well in his term of just 3 years in comparison to the long-reigning former government.India’s rise in the last couple of years is evident in international rankings. Like the World Bank’s 2017 ranking of “ease of doing business,” from 130 last year to 100 this year. And the World Economic Forum Report (WEFR) competitiveness ranking, which ranked India 40th out of 137 countries included in the report, the highest it has ever been, up from 71st three years ago.86. Fearless LeaderAccording to John Chambers, the executive head of Cisco Systems and the chairman of newly constituted US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF); Prime Minister Narendra Modi is a ‘fearless’ leader who would tirelessly pursue the path of economic reform,87. 3rd most trusted Govt in the worldIndia securing a third best place in the list of most trusted governments worldwide is a piece of evidence that the country is treading in the right direction of development under our Honorable PM Modi’s leadership. The report reveals that almost three quarters (74 percent) of Indians say they have confidence in their national government.The factors taken into consideration were- the economy, political upheaval, and headline-grabbing events like major corruption cases.88. Modi and his “Yaari Dosti”PM Narendra Modi has been in talks for long because of his frequent foreign visits. The countries that he visited in an effort to improve the friendly ties between India and the world are Russia Balochistan Pakistan Britain Australia and The United States Of America. People have been giving him names like NRI PM and what not.Modi's foreign visits, however, have certainly placed India in a strong strategic position internationally.89. He Is Among World’s 10 Most Powerful PeoplePrime Minister Narendra Modi has been ranked among the top 10 most powerful people in the world by Forbes in a list that has been topped by Russian President Vladimir Putin for a fourth straight year and had US President-elect Donald Trump in the second place.90. Law & OrderWith the Narendra Modi government celebrating the completion of three years in power at the Centre, the Ministry of Law and Justice has highlighted its 40 achievements, including the appointment of 17 judges to the Supreme Court and 232 judges to various high courts since May 2014.91. Not A Single Corruption Charge Against Modi GovtPM Modi projected his government's success in the areas of fighting terror and graft, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that there has not been a single stain of corruption against his regime and no country has questioned the surgical strikes conducted across the border.92. Revolution in the AirUDAN-RCS, UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) is a regional airport development and "Regional Connectivity Scheme" (RCS) of Government of India, with the objective of "Let the common citizen of the country fly", aimed at making air travel affordable and widespread, to boost inclusive national economic development, job growth and air transport infrastructure development of all regions and states of India.93. Shramev JayateTo usher in labor reforms, the Shramev Jayate scheme was launched in 2014. The wage ceiling of laborers was raised Rs 6500 per month to Rs 15000 per month all throughout the country. It even aims to improve employability through skill development programs for laborers by promoting the Industrial Training Institutes.94. Infrastructure InitiativesMultiple infrastructure projects have been launched and some are on the brink of implementation. Rs. 12,00,000 crore Sagarmala project of building more than 6 mega ports, Rs 50,800-crore Setu Bharatam project of renovating 1500 British era bridges, Rs 1198 crore project of building world’s highest bridge on Chenab and several others are key projects initiated under Modi government.95. Promises that were never kept are now being taken care ofEven after more than 65 years of independence, “Garibi Hatao” has been an age-long slogan being given by politicians in every election. But the fact is that any serious initiative to solve such a huge problem has hardly been taken. And Modi government and has truly transformed the lives of many through its numerous initiatives.96. Ek Bharat Shreshtha BharatIndia is a country celebrating the spirit of ‘unity in diversity’. Its diverse cultures, languages, and traditions has led to the Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat program that aims to enhance interaction across varied geographies, ensuring the geopolitical strength and building learning ecosystem through State to State connect.97. Solving Long Pending IssuesModi government has played a key role in solving several long-time pending issues. Now, there’s no more free reign for black money, no more worries on OROP (One Rank One Position), no more villages in dark and land boundary agreement with Bangladesh has been implemented.98. Prakash Path – Way to LightConserving power is much more economical than producing power. So PM Modi launched a scheme for energy conservation by promoting the use of LED bulbs for home and street lighting.99. Initiative to bring students closer to natureTo bring school students closer to the natural environment, School Nursery Yojana was launched in 2015 to raise plant nurseries. This will help them in understanding the natural processes of germination and feel the joy of watching sapling grow.100. Conserve and develop indigenous bovine breedsEnhancing the productivity of indigenous breeds of India through professional farm management and superior nutrition is the major idea behind Rashtriya Gokul Mission for Farmers. Rs 150 crore has been sanctioned for the project.101. Skill Development and EntrepreneurshipThe National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme aims to provide apprenticeship training to over 50 lakh youngsters in order to create more jobs. It has a budgetary outlay of Rs 10000 crore. NAPS is implemented by the Director-General of Training (DGT) under the aegis of Union Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).102. Follower of Swami VivekanandaNarendra Modi is a follower of Swami Vivekananda which shows in his shared ideologies with Swami Vivekananda who had given the concept of ‘One Asia.’ He said that the solutions to the world’s problems will come from Asia. Today, the world says the 21st century is Asia’s century.

The development of medical device starts with the need realized by a physician or surgeon. The device development is usually the result of this need and communication between him and engineer from a medical device supplying company. Although large medical device companies typically develop successive iterations of existing devices, most new device categories are typically developed by venture-backed start-up companies. Typically, a physician and/or engineer inventor conceives of a device solution to an unmet clinical challenge, initiates the patent process, and builds preliminary device prototypes. Preliminary bench and animal testing may be performed using the inventor’s or an acquaintance’s personal funding (angel investors). Further development typically requires engaging a team of engineers who work closely with physician advisors to bring the concept through the “design-build-test-redesign” cycle of bench and animal testing. This preclinical stage typically takes 2 to 3 years and depending on the nature of the device may consume US$10 to $20 million before the device is ready for clinical testing. These capital requirements exceed the means of most angel syndicates and are typically obtained from venture capital firms in the form of equity financing.A small percentage of device ideas are conceived in academic medical centers using federal or other grant funding. Few academic centers have the intrinsic capabilities to develop the device beyond the early prototype stage. Intellectual property is typically out-licensed to an existing company or start-up for further development. To facilitate the development of ideas that emerge out of federally funded programs, Congress passed the Bayh-Dole Act that assigns all intellectual property rights to the academic medical center.Initial Clinical TestingA start-up company’s survival is dependent on reaching milestones efficiently (in terms of time and money) to successfully raise additional funding. First clinical use is perceived by many as a key milestone, so that delays in the initiation of clinical testing programs can threaten a company’s viability. Companies will therefore seek the quickest path to first clinical use. US regulatory requirements are more extensive and require additional time and resources compared with those of other countries. It is estimated that obtaining Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to initiate clinical studies in the United States adds 3 to 6 months to the process of device development. In addition, subsequent review by the institutional review board (IRB) at the clinical site can add an additional 3 to 6 months to this timeline. Because of these factors, initial clinical device testing has shifted largely to outside of the United States. It is thus estimated that more than 75% of first clinical use cardiovascular device testing is now outside the United States, saving what may be 6 to 12 months when compared with US clinical initiation. When initial clinical testing is performed within the United States, it is estimated that only 25% of the work occurs at academic institutions. This is due in part to the bureaucracy associated with large academic institutions for both IRB approval and contract negotiations .Clinical testing of an unapproved significant-risk medical device requires FDA approval in the form of an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE). The IDE application provides information to the FDA on device design and qualification, as well as on the study protocol. The FDA is mandated to respond to the IDE application within 30 days.1 An IDE may also be required for studies in which an approved device is used for a purpose distinct from its approved indication.2 This is typically the case when a trial is sponsored by a company for the purpose of expanding the indication of a device or making significant changes in the instructions for use.Regulatory Approval Process (United States)Medical devices are regulated in the United States by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the FDA. The FDA/CDRH mandate is to promote and protect the public health by making safe and effective medical devices available in a timely manner. The standard for demonstrating safety and effectiveness is determined in part by the risk associated with the device in question. Devices are classified according to their perceived risk using a 3-tiered system (class I, II, or III).Class I devices (lowest risk) are subject to general controls, which are published standards pertaining to labeling, manufacturing, post-market surveillance, and reporting. Devices are placed into class I when there is reasonable assurance that general controls alone are adequate to assure safety and effectiveness. The general controls that typically apply to class I devices include prohibitions against adulteration and misbranding, requirements for establishing registration and device listing, adverse event reporting, and good manufacturing practices. Furthermore, remedies including seizure, injunction, criminal prosecution, civil penalties, and recall authority are provided to FDA. Formal FDA review is not required for most class I devices before their market introduction.Class II devices are those higher-risk devices for which general controls alone have been found to be insufficient to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness, but for which there is adequate information available to establish special controls. Special controls may include performance standards, design controls, and post-market surveillance programs. In addition, most class II devices require FDA clearance of a premarket notification application (PMA or 510[k]) before the device may be marketed. In the 510(k) application, the medical device manufacturer must provide data to demonstrate that the new device is “substantially equivalent” to a legally marketed device. Although substantial equivalence can usually be demonstrated on the basis of bench and animal testing alone, approximately 10% of 510(k) applications include clinical data.Class III devices, such as heart valves, pacemakers/implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and coronary stents, are judged to pose the highest potential risk. These devices are either life-sustaining/supporting, of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, or present a high risk of illness or injury. Consequently, general and special controls alone are inadequate to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Most class III devices require FDA approval of a PMA before they can be legally marketed. Approval of the PMA generally requires clinical data demonstrating reasonable assurance that the device is safe and effective in the target population.The Human Device Exemption (HDE) is a new pathway to allow for commercialization of class III devices designed to address small markets, ie, diseases or conditions that affect fewer than 4000 patients in the United States each year. Approval of an HDE requires demonstration that the device is safe and the probable benefits outweigh the probable risks. Although the process may require smaller clinical trials, an HDE device must continue to operate under local IRB approval at each participating institution and must continue to collect case report forms akin to an ongoing clinical trial. The PMA process typically involves a series of studies starting with first clinical use and culminating in a multicenter, prospective randomized control trial (pivotal trial). The complexity and extent of the clinical testing program is dictated by the nature of the device and its proposed use. The clinical study program is developed by the company in conjunction with clinician investigators, all in close collaboration with FDA/CDRH.The first and arguably most important step in this process is the pre-IDE meeting, in which the company, often accompanied by the lead clinical investigator(s), meets with FDA/CDRH to present data about the device, its clinical development program, and its intended use after approval. The FDA/CDRH staff reviews existing bench and animal data (as well as any outside-the-United States clinical data) and makes informal non-binding suggestions regarding the need (if any) for additional pre-clinical data (bench and animal), as well as the study design. The sponsor then submits an IDE application to FDA/CDRH (Medical Devices) for formal review.Clinical development of a new class III device is typically divided into pilot and pivotal trial phases. The purpose of the pilot phase (starting with first clinical use) is to establish safety and to assist in design of the pivotal trial. Pilot-phase testing is typically limited to fewer than 100 patients treated at a few centers. The purpose of the pivotal trial is to generate data that define patient populations in which use of the device is safe and effective. The dialogue initiated during the pre-IDE meeting continues and intensifies between FDA/CDRH and the company over the specifics of the pivotal trial and includes the patient population, the control group against which the new device will be evaluated, and the primary and secondary end points of the evaluation. For first-in-class devices, eg, drug-eluting stents, where there are few data regarding short- or long-term outcomes, FDA/CDRH requires prospective randomized controlled studies. Though high profile, devices that require randomized data for approval are the exception rather than the rule. The vast majority of device clinical trials are case series that carefully document product performance. Still more products are approved as “tools.”Most devices currently in testing are similar to well-characterized approved devices, eg, next generation bare metal stent, angioplasty balloon, etc. When FDA/CDRH has substantial data on the device class metrics, comparisons may be made to historical data or objective performance criteria. When few data on existing standards are available, the FDA typically requires randomized rather than single-arm studies, in which the new device is compared against concurrent controls treated with current best medical practice. That comparison may be powered to show that the new treatment is superior to prior approaches, or that it is non-inferior (equivalent or better) compared with a previously approved device in a new area. The issues relating to the type of trial are discussed below.The specifics regarding study design may have profound impact on the time and cost of bringing a new device to market. Though the primary mission of the FDA/CDRH is to ensure safety and effectiveness of commercially available devices, when exerting regulatory oversight the agency must balance its primary mission with the costs of introducing new technologies to the clinical marketplace. This has been codified by the FDA Modernization Act and the FDA Modernization Act-II, which require the agency to pursue the “least burdensome means” available to establish device safety and efficacy. Although surrogate end points, eg, angiographic restenosis rather than recurrent cardiac events, may be allowed as secondary end points, the primary end point of a pivotal trial for a first-in-class class III (Classify Your Medical Device) device is usually a clinical end point (or a well-established surrogate such as infarct size in a myocardial infarction treatment device). Depending on the end points negotiated, such pivotal trials may require enrollment of 1000 or more patients at 30 to 50 sites over a period of 1 to 2 years, with appropriate follow-up frequently to 1 year after treatment. The trial must be conducted according to good clinical practices standard, with the approval of the local IRB at each participating center.Clinical Site (IRB, Contract, Conflict of Interest)Once the FDA/CDRH has approved the IDE, the sponsor must formally recruit as many as 50 sites to ensure patient enrollment in a timely fashion. Each site has its own rules regarding participation in clinical studies, which typically can be divided into 3 components: Human research, contract, and conflict of interest.Every clinical site is federally mandated to have an IRB responsible to ensure the protection of the rights, safety, and welfare of research subjects. Regulation of the IRB review of protocols involving medical devices is under the purview of the FDA. The Office of Protection From Research Risks (OPRR) is responsible for oversight regarding all human research and is in direct communication with the FDA/CDRH. Studies involving human subjects that do not involve products regulated by the FDA fall under the direct purview of the OPRR. Both the FDA and the OPRR are in the Department of Health and Human Services. Each IRB must meet standards for the composition, leadership, and processes set forth by that department. IRBs are subject to periodic audits by the FDA to ensure that records and procedures are in compliance with regulations.Working with the sponsor, the principal investigator prepares an application to the IRB at his/her institution that includes the consent form describing in lay language the device, the proposed clinical study, the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the trial, and a draft consent form describing the risks and benefits of participation in the study. The IRB then formally reviews the application and frequently requests changes, particularly to the informed consent. The IRB process typically requires approximately 3 months, but at times can take considerably longer.The company must also negotiate agreements with each clinical site addressing the many issues associated with the clinical trial. In addition to the study costs/reimbursement (per-patient enrolled and overhead), these agreements typically include indemnification and the assignment of ownership rights of new discoveries (intellectual property) made in the course of the study. The resources required at each center to perform the high quality research necessary for a PMA protocol are formidable. In addition to resources required to maintain an excellent clinical program (physician, nursing, and technical staff coupled with state of the art facility), the study center must dedicate additional resource, primarily research nurses to perform high-quality clinical research. The role of the research nurse is critical to all phases of the trial, including general study management, IRB process, patient recruitment, and accurate completion of case report forms. The sponsor is responsible for accrediting each clinical site to document that the necessary resources are in place to fulfill the demands set forward in the protocol. The clinical research staff do not provide clinical care and are thus not part of the hospital’s salaried clinical nursing staff. The per-patient costs include all additional charges the patient incurs for the study, including procedures (therapeutic and diagnostic), clinic visits, and diagnostic studies, as well as research nurses’ salaries. It is estimated that it takes 3 to 6 months to formally recruit each clinical site.Device development from the earliest stages requires active involvement of practicing clinicians. Clinician/inventors are frequently involved in creation of the device concept and are often integral members of the design team performing the majority of the early animal studies. Through this involvement, the clinician/inventor obtains intimate knowledge of device performance and failure modes. Safety concerns during first clinical use and pilot phase mandate participation by these clinician/inventors. The clinician/inventors frequently take leadership roles and have equity positions in the company developing the device. These interests present important conflicts of interest which must be addressed to ensure patient safety, data integrity, and public trust in the process. Many institutions have set up formal processes to address these conflicts of interest, potentially adding more time to the institutional recruitment process.Pivotal studies required for a PMA application are typically large multicenter randomized trials and often represent the largest commercial risk and expense in the device development process. In addition to obtaining an IDE from the FDA and formally recruiting clinical sites, the sponsor must also put into place an extensive infrastructure that typically includes engaging a contract research organization (CRO), core laboratories, formation of a data safety monitoring board (DSMB), and an executive committee. The CRO provides the infrastructure required to recruit, qualify, and audit sites. Core laboratories evaluate primary data, eg, angiography, ECG, and ultrasound results, in a uniform and blinded manner. An executive committee is typically composed of the clinician investigators, company representative, CRO, and core laboratories. The DSMB, composed of a group senior clinical investigators and statisticians with no other involvement in the study, periodically reviews trial data at specified intervals. The DSMB has the mandate to stop or modify a study, eg, discontinue randomization to one of the groups if complications associated with the study device are in excess of anticipated rates, if differences between study groups reach statistical significance, or if further patient enrollment will not impact study outcome.Regulatory Approval Process (European Union)Though there are many similarities in the regulatory process in the United States and countries within the European Union, there are important differences that impact the time and cost associated with the introduction of a new medical device.I have identified 3 illustrative examples: Use of notified bodies, criteria for approval, and local site (IRB/site negotiation).The European Union system relies heavily on notified bodies (NBs), which are independent commercial organizations to implement regulatory control over medical devices. NBs have the ability to issue the CE mark, the official marking required for certain medical devices. NBs are designated, monitored, and audited by the relevant member states via the national competent authorities. Many functions performed by the FDA/CDRH within the United States are performed by NBs, including medical device certification, device type designation, assessment and verification of quality systems, and review of design dossiers for high-risk devices. Currently, there are more than 50 active NBs within Europe. A company is free to choose any notified body designated to cover the particular class of device under review. After approval, post-market surveillance functions are the responsibility of the member state via the competent authority. NBs typically function in a closed manner, providing little visibility on criteria required for approval. This dynamic allows for a high degree of variation as well as competition among NBs. As a result, NBs are perceived by industry to be less bureaucratic organizations that can respond more quickly and efficiently than the FDA. These potential benefits may be offset by a system that is intrinsically more fragmented and highly variable and has resulted in the approval and continued marketing of devices, eg, abdominal aorta stent grafts, in Europe that failed efficacy trials in the United States.Criteria for approval of high-risk devices are different in the European Union. To receive approval to market a class III high-risk (and some class II) device in the United States, the manufacturer must demonstrate the device to be reasonably safe and effective, which typically requires a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. To receive approval to market a device in the European Union, the manufacturer must demonstrate that the device is safe and that it performs in a manner consistent with the manufacturer’s intended use. This difference has a profound impact on the size and scope of the clinical studies for regulatory approval. This significant difference is illustrated by examining the introduction of distal protection systems. The GuardWire developed by PercuSurge, Inc (later acquired by Medtronic) is a specialized coronary guidewire with an elastomeric balloon mounted at the tip. During an angioplasty/stent procedure, the operator crosses the lesion with the GuardWire and inflates the balloon. Stent placement is then performed, after which a specialized catheter is used to evacuate any arterial debris that may have become dislodged during the procedure. The GuardWire balloon is then deflated. Demonstration of safety and performance, ie, ability to aspirate material during the stenting procedure, was demonstrated in a 22-patient single-arm study. In contrast, in the United States, this device was designated class II (requiring 501[k] clearance and clinical data). To satisfy US criteria for clearance, the standard of safety and effectiveness required in this case was defined as the ability to reduce complications associated with stenting of saphenous vein grafts. To meet this criterion, an 800-patient multicenter trial randomized trial comparing distal protection to usual care (no protection) was performed. At 30 days, a 42% relative reduction in major adverse cardiac events (primarily myocardial infarction) was observed. A trial of this type is estimated to cost US$10 to $12 million and may take 24 months to perform.