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MCU Timeline: From Infinity Stones to Infinity War and BeyondThis article by Collider is a big time treat for every Marvel fan.Any Marvel fan worth their vibranium could tell you that the MCU as we know it launched in 2008 with Jon Favreau‘s Iron Man. A tougher task by far is to deliver a blow-by-blow retelling of the events that occurred within the MCU, from the Jotunheim invasion of Earth, to the foundation of the Arena Club, to the next wave of technological innovations on display at the Stark Expo, and the futuristic nation of Wakanda. So with that in mind, we’ve put together a list of the major events of the MCU timeline up to and including the latest releases. We’ll be updating this list as more films and TV series are released.If you’re all caught up on every installment of the MCU so far and are curious about the upcoming releases (including those outside the MCU), you’ll want to check out our superhero release date calendar here. And if you’ve got a lock on the history of the MCU but are interested in just where on Earth the events occur, reddit’s MrRLopez has you covered with this interactive map. MrRLopez’s own timeline helped to fill out our own, in addition to assistance from the super-detailed Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki.Here’s a refresher on the chronological timeline of the MCU’s films and TV series in the order they were released:Image via MarvelPhase One:Iron Man (2008)The Incredible Hulk (2008)Iron Man 2 (2010)Thor (2011)Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)Marvel’s The Avengers (2012)Phase Two:Iron Man 3 (2013)Thor: The Dark World (2013)Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)Ant-Man (2015)Phase Three:Captain America: Civil War (2016)Doctor Strange (2016)Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017)Thor: Ragnarok (2017)Black Panther (2018)Avengers: Infinity War (2018)Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)Captain Marvel (2019)Avengers End Game (2019)Image via MarvelFuture Films:Spider-Man: Far from Home (2019)Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3(2020)Marvel’s TV:Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. – Season 1 (2013)Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. – Season 2 (2014)Agent Carter – Season 1 (2015)Daredevil – Season 1 (2015)Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. – Season 3 (2015)Jessica Jones – Season 1 (2015)Agent Carter – Season 2 (2016)Daredevil – Season 2 (2016)Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. – Season 4 (2016)Luke Cage – Season 1 (2016)Iron Fist - Season 1 (2017)The Defenders – Season 1 (2017)Inhumans – Season 1 (2017)The Punisher (TBA – 2017)Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. – Season 5 (2018)Cloak & Dagger - Season 1 (2018)Daredevil - Season 3 (TBA)Jessica Jones – Season 2 (TBA)Luke Cage – Season 2 (TBA)If you want to watch the MCU in its entirety from beginning to end, chronologically, check out this insane viewing order breakdown. If it’s a detailed timeline you crave, continue reading below but be aware that there are spoilers:Ancient Times: Infinity Stones, Celestials, and Frost GiantsBefore the Universe Began:Six singularities existed: Space, Mind, Reality, Power, Time, SoulDark Elves arose from the darkness before traveling to the Nine Realms to rule over them all from Svartalfheim, the Dark World.After the Universe Began:Cosmic Entities Death, Entropy, Infinity, and Eternity created the Infinity Stones from these singularities.Elders of the Universe: The Collector and the Grandmaster come into being.Several Million Years Ago:Ego the Living Planet comes into being as a Celestial, a member of a powerful, primordial race.Thousands of Years Ago:Asgardian, Kree, and Human civilizations emerge.Kree experiments on Earth give rise to Inhumans whose genetic abilities are triggered by Terrigen Mist, causing Terrigenesis.Agamotto founds the Masters of the Mystic Arts and constructs three sanctuaries on Earth.2988 BCEConvergence, or the alignment of the Nine Realms of Yggdrasil, occurs. This happens once every 5,000 years.First Battle of Svartalfheim: Malekith leads the Dark Elves in an attempt to destroy the Nine Realms using the Aether (Reality Stone). The Asgardian army, led by Odin’s father Bor, defeat Malekith and secure the Aether, hiding it away.Some time later, Odin and his firstborn Hela, acting as his executioner, wage war across the Nine Realms, conquering them all. When Hela’s ambition grows too great, their forces battle against each other and many Valkyries are killed in the combat. Odin, victorious, seals Hela away in a prison and banishers her memory from history.Image via Marvel Studios965 CE:Battle of Tønsberg: Jotunheim’s Frost Giants invade Tøsberg, Norway in an attempt to conquer Midgard, a.k.a. Earth.Battle of Jotunheim: Odin leads the Asgardian army against the Frost Giants to defend Midgard. Odin also discovers an abandoned Jotunheim infant, adopting him, and raising him alongside his own son Thor with the given name, Loki.Odin negotiates a truce with the Frost Giant king, Lufey.“Centuries” Before the Current Time:In the opening scene of Black Panther, the story of a Vibranium meteorite crashing into Africa “centuries ago” is retold. This sparked war among the five regional tribes, eventually leading to the emergence of the powerful Black Panther, a leader who gained powers through consuming the Heart-Shaped Herb, united the tribes, established the nation of Wakanda, and continued the mythology of the Panther Gods.The Jabari Tribe remains isolated from Wakanda by their own choosing, watching from their mountain stronghold while the Wakandans develop incredible technology by using Vibranium.Wakanda also chooses to remain isolated, appearing to the world as a Third World nation of sheep and goat-herders.It’s possible that an Infinity Stone was hidden away within the meteorite, but this has yet to be confirmed.1014 CE:Kree and Nova Empires fight a war that lasts thousands of years.1197 CE:A defector from Asgard’s Berserker Army flees to Earth and breaks his strength-enhancing weapon–the Berserker Staff–into three pieces which he hides across Europe.1342 CE:Image via MarvelThe Ancient One is born.1409 CE:Odin hides the Tesseract in Tønsberg, Norway.1413 CE:Lorelei enslaves hundreds of men across the Nine Realms by enthralling them before being defeated by Sif and being imprisoned in Asgard’s dungeons.1839 CE:Members of HYDRA meet to determine who among them will pass through the Kree Monolith.1876 CE:Ulysses Klaue’s great-grandfather is killed by Wakanda’s Black Panther.1900-1950: Captain America, Peggy Carter, and S.H.I.E.L.D.1901:The Council of Nine orchestrates the assassination of President McKinley.1906:The Council’s headquarters The Arena Club is founded.1914:July 28th – World War I begins.1917:March 10th – James Buchanan “Bucky’ Barnes is born.August 15th – Howard Stark is born.1918:May 8th – Joseph Rogers dies while fighting in the war with the 107th as a consequence of a mustard gas attack. He received a posthumous Purple Heart.July 4th – Steve Rogers is born.November 11th – World War I ends.1921:April 9th – Margaret “Peggy” Carter is born.1929:October 24th – Council member Thomas Gloucester orchestrates the Wall Street Crash.Image via Marvel Studios1930:January 10th – Dr. Abraham Erskine begins experimentation on a Super Soldier Serum.September 6th – Steve Rogers meets Bucky Barnes in New York City.1933:Johann Schmidt begins searching for the Tesseract.1936:October 15th – Sarah Rogers dies of tuberculosis.1937:April 24th – Dottie Underwood and other Soviet girls train to become master assassins in the Red Room program.1939:September 1st – World War II begins.September 30th – Howard Star founds Stark Industries.1940:August 7thPeggy Carter calls off her wedding and enlists in the British counter-intelligence and security agency, MI5.OctoberPeggy Carter becomes an advisor to American agency Strategic Scientific Reserve.November 11thJohann Schmidt injects himself with the Super Soldier Serum, transforming him into the Red Skull.December 24thBucky Barnes and Steve Rogers enlist while visiting New York City’s U.S. Recruiting and Induction Center, but Steve is designated 4F and rejected. He tries four more times in four different cities but meets the same fate each time.December 25thLed by Dr. Erskine along with Howard Stark, Peggy Carter, and Colonel Chester Phillips, the Strategic Scientific Reserve’s Project Rebirth chamber is completed and ready to transform volunteers into super-soldiers.Image via Marvel Studios1942:March 3rdRed Skull discovers and secures the Tesseract.AugustHYDRA General Warner Reinhardt’s team, tasked with discovering more artifacts related to the Tesseract, find the corpse of a blue-skinned extraterrestrial, a Kree soldier they dub G.H.1943:June 14thSteve Rogers is recruited by Dr. Erskine for Project Rebirth.June 22ndSteve Rogers is successfully transformed through the use of the super-soldier serum. However, Dr. Erskine is assassinated by HYDRA operative, Heinz Kruger.June 23rdSteve Rogers refuses to be kept in a lab as a research specimen and goes on a USO tour instead as Captain America.November 3rdCaptain America leads an assault on a HYDRA facility in Austria to liberate Dum Dum Dugan, Gabe Jones, Jim Morita, James Montgomery Falsworth, Jacques Dernier, Bucky, and the rest of the 107th, some of whom will form the Howling Commandos.November 5thHoward Stark’s research of HYDRA’s mysterious power source leads him down the path to developing a New Element. Tony Stark later completes this research to improve upon his arc reactor.1944:June – General John McGinnis’ soldiers raid Howard Starks lab and steal his research along with Midnight Oil, a combat drug originally designed to keep its users awake and alert, but which had the side effect of causing the user to go mad.1945:JanuaryThe Howling Commandos capture Arnim Zola but Bucky Barnes falls from the HYDRA train in the process and is presumed dead.JanuaryWerner Reinhardt discovers the “Obelisk”, a Kree Diviner used to contain Terrigen Crystals which would release Terrigen Mist upon exposure.March 4thbCaptain America and the Howling Commandos defeat Red Skull, who uses the Tesseract and subsequently vanishes, never to be seen again. Captain America crashes the HYDRA plane Valkyrieoff the coast of Greenland and is presumed dead.Reinhardt tests the Obelisk on an unwilling Chinese woman named Jiaying. She survived the experiment but was locked up in a cage while Reinhardt moved his base of operations upon hearing of Red Skull’s presumed death.May 7thSoldiers encounter a mysterious phenomenon known as Zero Matter or the Darkforce while on the battlefields of Europe.May 21stReinhardt is interrogated by Peggy Carter and sentenced to life imprisonment, despite him attempting to share information on the Obelisk and Kree.September 2nd – World War II ends.1946:AprilHoward Stark is tried by the United States Congress to determine whether or not he’s a traitor when some of his inventions show up for sale on the black market. Stark flees the country, believing he will be convicted, and tasks his butler Edwin Jarvis with assisting Peggy Carter on her mission. He becomes the SSR’s most-wanted target.April 16thSoviet scientist Anton Vanko tells Carter and Jarvis that Roxxon is the only company with the means of weaponizing Stark’s dangerous chemical compound, Nitramene. The Roxxon Refinery explodes that same night.1947:The Cold War begins.July 11th – Peggy Carter arrives in Los Angeles where an exonerated Howard Stark has opened up a new estate and started a motion picture company.1948:An unidentified Iron Fist is caught on film by the Chinese Government while defending a secret passage into K’un-Lun from soldiers who had become lost in the jungle.September – Howard Stark and Peggy Carter plan to form S.H.I.E.L.D., which they launch in January of 1949.1949:Zola, now recruited by S.H.I.E.L.D., begins to rebuild HYDRA from within the agency. He and former HYDRA agents track down Bucky Barnes, who had survived his fall and was in the custody of Soviet authorities. Bucky’s memory is wiped and modified, as is his body; he’d lost an arm but was outfitted with a metal prosthetic. HYDRA kept Bucky cryogenically frozen, thawed out only when needed as the elite assassin, Winter Soldier.1950 - 2000: Nick Fury, Tony Stark, and Phil Coulson1951:December 21st – Nick Fury is born.1953:June 21st – Peggy Carter is interviewed about her experiences with Captain America during World War II.1954:January 1st – The year-long Stark Exposition kicks off.1955:February 15th – Yondu Udonta is sold into Kree slavery as an infant.1959:April 25th – The Winter Soldier conducts an operation, as documented by the KGB.1960:September – Meredith Quill is born.1962:Vietnam War begins, orchestrated by HYDRA.August 10th – Midtown School of Science and Technology is founded. (Peter Parker will later attend.)October 14th – 28th – Cuban Missile Crisis, manipulated by HYDRA.1963:Image via MarvelMarch 13th – Anton Vanko defects to the U.S. to develop Arc Reactor technology with Howard Stark as part of The Unity Project.November 22nd – The assassination of President John F. Kennedy is orchestrated by HYDRA and carried out by the Winter Soldier.1964:January 1st – Stark World Exposition held alongside the World’s Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York City.July 8th – Phil Coulson is born.October 12th – Trevor Slattery performs his first theatrical role as Boatswain #1 in William Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest.’1967:October 17th – Anton Vanko is accused of espionage, deported as a spy, and exiled to Siberia for 20 years. Howard Stark assumes full credit for the Arc Reactor technology. Obadiah Stane convinces Stark to once again focus his efforts on weapons technology.1968:February 15th – Anton Vanko’s son Ivan is born.October 8th – James Rupert Rhodes is born.1969:December 18th – Bruce Banner is born.1970:May 29th – Tony Stark is born.1971:January 7th – Clinton “Clint” Barton is born.1972:Image via Marvel StudiosArnim Zola dies of a terminal illness, but his consciousness is uploaded into a computer system in a S.H.I.E.L.D. bunker in Camp Lehigh, New Jersey.1973:November 8th – A young Wilson Fisk kills his father with a hammer to stop him from beating Wilson’s mother, Marlene. Wilson and his mother cut up the body and dump it into the river over a few days. Marlene soon sends Wilson to live on a farm with his relatives.1974:April 1st – The last Stark World Exposition until 2011. Howard Stark’s video advertising the expo cleverly disguises a clue to perfecting the Arc Reactor technology, one which only his son Tony Stark will recognize.1975:April 2nd – Yondu Udonta is freed from Kree slavery by Stakar Ogord and becomes a Ravager. Yondu goes against the code by working for Ego and delivering children gathered from across the universe to Ego’s planet.April 30th – Vietname War ends.1976:July – Misty Knight is born.1978:September 23rd – Sam Wilson is born.September 24th – Howard Stark unveils his Arc Reactor technology but does not explore the tech’s profitability.November 7th – Ego comes to Earth to plant a seedling and falls in love with Meredith Quill. He leaves on December 23rd, but returns multiple times over the months ahead.1980:Hope Van Dyne is born.October 27th – Peter Quill is born.1984:April 7th – Hank Pym uses his Ant-Man suit to test his EMP communication device by shrinking down to the size of Bullet Ants.October 22nd – Natasha Romanoff is born.1985:November – Matt Murdock is born.1987:January – Anton Vanko returns from Siberian exile.April 2nd – Thanos kills Gamora and Nebula’s families, and then adopts them as his daughters. They become skilled assassins and fighters under Ronan the Accuser.May 28th – During a training scenario, Gamora tosses Nebula over a cliff, injuring her to the point that she requires cybernetic augmentations which disappoint her adopted father.July – Hank Pym and Janet Van Dyne try to disarm a Soviet ICBM as Ant-Man and the Wasp. Janet presumably dies after turning off her suit’s regulator in order to shrink down small enough to enter the missile and disable it, though she may be lost in the quantum realm.August 19th – Leo Fitz is born.September 11th – Jemma Simmons is born.1988:Image via Marvel StudiosJuly 2nd – Daisy Johnson is born.November 10th – Meredith Quill dies and Peter is abducted by Yondu’s Ravagers under orders from Ego.1989:March – Reinhardt is set free by Alexander Pierce and returns to Austria to resume experimentation on Jiaying, using his discoveries to restore his own youth.June – Hank Pym resigns from S.H.I.E.L.D. upon discovering that the organization attempted to replicate his size-changing technology.1990:March 17th – John Garrett becomes the first test subject for HYDRA’s Project Deathlok after becoming mortally wounded by an IED in Sarajevo.1991:April 1st – Danny Rand is born.December 16th – Howard and Maria Stark assassinated by the Winter Soldier. Obadiah Stane assumes interim CEO duties of Stark Industries.December 25th – Soviet Union dissolved and the Cold War ends.1992: (Spoilers ahead for Black Panther. Highlight the text to reveal it.)Image via Marvel StudiosDuring the Los Angeles Riots, two men in Oakland, California plot to use their cache of weapons to start a race war. They’re interrupted by two “Grace Jones-lookin’ chicks with spears”, members of the Dora Milaje who herald the arrival of the current Black Panther, T’Chaka (Atandwa Kani).It turns out that one of the men is actually Prince N’Jobu (Sterling K. Brown), T’Chaka’s brother, a Wakandan royal, and member of the Golden Tribe who possesses one of their father’s royal rings.While on assignment, N’Jobu met an American woman; they had a son named Erik (Seth Carr). At some point, N’Jobu gifted his son with a Vibranium inner-lip tattoo that acted as a mark of a true Wakandan.N’Jobu, a War Dog tasked with reporting back to Wakanda on the events transpiring in California at this time, became entangled in the racial tensions, opting to help the mercenary Ulysses Klaue to steal Vibranium from Wakanda in order to start a race war and give his people the upper hand.However, it was revealed that N’Jobu’s right-hand man James was actually Zuri (Denzel Whitaker), a Wakandan confidant who had earned N’Jobu’s trust while also reporting back to T’Chaka.Learning of the deception, being caught in the act of aiding Klaue in smuggling Vibranium from Wakanda, and facing trial in Wakanda for the resulting deaths of his people (including W’Kabi’s parents), N’Jobu attempts to shoot Zuri, but T’Chaka interferes, killing his own brother.Young Erik, having witnessed the arrival and departure of T’Chaka’s ship, returns home to find his father murdered. He also finds N’Jobu’s journals, including a decryption key for the Wakandan language, and begins his journey of vengeance.Over the years, Erik Stevens, a.k.a. N’Jadaka, a.k.a. Erik Killmonger, would graduate from MIT, become a Navy SEAL, be recruited into the CIA Ghost unit as a Black Ops mercenary, and rack up dozens of kills, which he marked on his body using scarification.1993:Image via MarvelMay 5th – Ivan Vanko receives 15-year prison sentence for selling Soviet-era weapons grade plutonium to Pakistan.October – While attempting to save a bystander from being hit by a truck, Matt Murdock is doused in hazardous chemicals. He loses his sight, but his other senses become enhanced.1994:February – Jack Murdock is assassinated for failing to throw a boxing match.May – Stick introduces himself to Matt Murdock at the St. Agnes Orphanage, offering to train him.1995:May 5th – Bruce Banner and Betty Ross begin dating as undergraduate students at Harvard.July 24th – Natasha Romanoff joins Russia’s covert espionage program, emerging three years later as the Black Widow.1996:June 6th – Stick was also training another pupil, Elektra. Rather than following orders to kill her once it became clear that she was the latest incarnation of the Black Sky, Stick placed her with a wealthy adoptive family in Greece for her own safety.1997:Image via MarvelApril – In attempting to reconcile the death of his wife Adria, Kaecillius is brought to Kamar-Taj by Karl Mordo and meets with The Ancient One, joining the Masters of the Mystic Arts.1998:January 27th – Nick Fury sends Clint Barton to eliminate Natasha Romanoff in Russia, seeing her as a threat to global security. Instead, she’s given a chance to join S.H.I.E.L.D., which she takes.1999:July – Jessica Jones is the sole survivor of a car crash during a family road trip. Chemicals spilled during the crash grant Jessica Jones her abilities.December 31st – Tony Stark travels to Bern, Switzerland for a New Year’s Eve party where he meets Maya Hansen and Ho Yinsen. Disabled scientist Aldrich Killian requests funding from Stark for his think tank Advanced Idea Mechanics (A.I.M.), but is rudely rebuffed. Hansen later reveals her work on the Extremis virus to Stark.21st Century: Phase One - Avengers Assemble2000:January 3rd – A rejected Killian accepts a jilted Hansen into A.I.M. where they work on Extremis together.2001:June 28th – Under HYDRA’s influence, NASA sends astronauts through the Monolith to survey the planet on the other side.September 12th – Frank Castle enlists in the Marine Corps following the September 11th attacks.September 13th – General Thaddeus Ross starts the Bio-Tech Force Enhancement Project through the U.S. Armed Forces in order to replicate Project Rebirth.2003:March 20th – Iraq War begins, orchestrated by HYDRA.August 29th – Matt Murdock meets his college roommate, Foggy Nelson.2005:February 25th – Bruce Banner joins the Bio-Tech Force Enhancement Project under false pretenses of Thaddeus Ross and earnest convictions of Betty Ross.April 16th – Testing his experiment on himself, Bruce Banner is exposed to a combination of Gamma radiation and Betty’s formula derived from Dr. Erskine’s super-soldier serum, accidentally becoming the Hulk.April 19th – Learning that the Army wants to use him as a weapon, Banner runs, starting a six-year chase across the globe.2006:November 14th – Microsoft releases the Zune 30. Peter Quill later obtains one.2007:January 3rd – S.H.I.E.L.D. assists Thaddeus Ross in the quest to bring down the Hulk until 2011. Stark also provides Humvee-mounted sonic cannons.October 31st – Aldrich Killian injects himself with the Extremis virus, healing his disabilities and allowing him to walk without a cane.2008:February 19th – Killian exposes willing subjects, mostly seriously injured military veterans, to Extremis. Those who survive heal and regrow lost limbs.May 15th – S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Melinda May earns her nickname “The Cavalry” during the Rescue in Bahrain.2009:Image via MarvelDecember 18th – Nick Fury places Phil Coulson in charge of Project T.A.H.I.T.I. with the aim of using the Kree corpse to potentially revive a fallen Avenger.2010:January 12thTony Stark demonstrates his Accelerated Wave Explosion (A.W.E.) weaponry to the U.S. Armed Forces.January 24thChristine Everhart is kicked out of the Stark Mansion by Pepper Potts after a one-night stand; she later becomes an anchor for WHIH World News. Later, during a weapons demonstration in Afghanistan, Tony Stark is kidnapped by the Ten Rings, who are working for Obadiah Stane.January 25thUnder Fury’s orders, Phil Coulson questions Obadiah Stane as to whether or not Stark could have sold weapons to terrorists. Fury refuses Coulson’s request to go search for Stark himself.April 21stProject T.A.H.I.T.I. test subjects go insane and are given new memories to cope with the effects of the trauma.April 26thStark and fellow captive Ho Yinsen, who saves Stark’s life multiple times, construct Tony’s Mark I suit of armor, allowing him to escape; Yinsen does not survive. Stark’s first flight as Iron Man is picked up by S.H.I.E.L.D.’s radar and Nick Fury contacts the U.S. Department of Defense with the intel.July 16thHaving returned to the U.S., after pulling out of the weapons business and cancelling all military contracts, Stark turns his attention to his Arc Reactor and Iron Man tech.October 24thPepper Potts and Phil Coulson discover the Iron Monger Armor and Stark uses his Mark III armor to battle the power-hungry Stane, who dies in an explosion of the industrial Arc Reactor.October 25thStark publicly claims his new nickname as Iron Man, rejecting S.H.I.E.L.D.’s cover story; he’s later approached by Nick Fury to join the “Avengers Initiative.” That same day, Anton Ivanko dies and his son Ivan vows to take revenge on Stark by developing his own powered-armor tech.November 17thEmil Blonsky and his team track Bruce Banner to South America2011:April 23rdTony Stark appears before the Senate Armed Services Committee’s Weaponized Suit Defense Program Hearings.May 22ndNatalia Rushman, a.k.a. Natasha Romanoff, joins Stark Industries as Tony’s new personal assistant, on Fury’s orders.May 24thIvan Vanko crashes the Circuit de Monaco, battling Tony Stark, who equips his lightweight Mark V armor and defeats Vanko’s Whiplash tech.May 30thWhile Fury confines Tony Stark to house arrest after helping to slow his palladium poisoning, Rhodes delivers the stolen Mark II armor to the military, where it’s upgraded by Justin Hammer the same time, Jane Foster and Erik Selvig monitor strange atmospheric disturbances in New Mexico, landing them on S.H.I.E.L.D.’s radar.Meanwhile, Thor’s coronation is interrupted by the Frost Giants breaking into Odin’s treasure room; the Asgardian quickly brings the battle to Jotunheim before Odin puts a stop to it.May 31stIron Man, War Machine, Black Widow, and Happy Hogan defeat the Hammer Drones when Vanko hacks them to attack the Stark Expo. During this battle, a young boy (now confirmed to be Peter Parker) stands up to a Hammer Drone, assisted by Iron Man himself.Coulson arrives in New Mexico and Thor crashes to Earth while Bruce Banner arrives at Culver University.June 1stOdin enters Odinsleep and Loki begins to move against his brother when his true parentage is revealed.Romanoff begins spying on Banner while Blonsky receives an unauthorized dose of enhancement serum.June 2ndSif and the Warriors Three arrive on Earth with the Destroyer following them on Loki’s orders. It attacks S.H.I.E.L.D. agents and citizens at Puente Antiguo, but Thor proves himself worthy and, with his powers restored, defeats it.Image via MarvelLater that day, Thor and Loki duel at the Rainbow Bridge. Thor destroys the Bifrost Bridge to prevent Loki from destroying Jotunheim, but that restricts Thor to Asgard and sends Loki into space. After a time, he arrived at the asteroid-strewn area known as Sanctuary, presided over by Thanos. An enhanced Blonsky battles the Hulk on Culver University’s campus while Romanoff reports her findings to Fury.Stark accepts an advisory role with S.H.I.E.L.D. and the Avengers Initiative.June 4thBlonsky mutates into Abomination when injected with products derived from Banner’s blood. Hulk defeats the Abomination after a destructive battle in Harlem.Samuel Sterns, who attempted to cure Banner, ends up mutating due to exposure to Banner’s blood. Romanoff finds him and takes him into custody.June 5thFury receives the necessary funds to study the Tesseract and launch the Avengers Initiative.June 7thFury approaches Selvig with an offer to join S.H.I.E.L.D. in an advisory role, while the first “Mandarin bombing” occurs.June 9thTony Stark approaches Ross with a plan to put a team together, inquiring about Blonsky. His attitude rubs Ross the wrong way and the General refuses to release the Abomination, thus fulfilling Coulson and Agent Sitwell’s plan to keep Blonsky imprisoned.November 13thThe second “Mandarin bombing” occurs.2012:January 11thAldrich Killian hires Trevor Slattery to pose as the terrorist known as the Mandarin in order to provide a cover for his explosive Extremis side effects which continue to make the news as “suicide bombings.”April 15thS.H.I.E.L.D. continues research on Vanko’s “Whiplash” technology, the Tesseract, Samuel Sterns’ mutation, Jane Foster’s Nine Realms theory, and manage to thaw out a recently recovered Steve Rogers. The Darkhold also comes to their attention.April 22ndThe Fifth Street Locos shoot up Eli Morrow’s car, which Robbie and Gabe Reyes had recently stolen. The car flips and Robbie is killed while Gabe is paralyzed. The Ghost Rider appears and saves Gabe’s life as well as Robbie’s, though the later is transformed into the new Ghost Rider.May 1stLoki, aided by Thanos and The Other, uses the Tesseract energy to teleport him to S.H.I.E.L.D.’s Joint Dark Energy Mission Facility where he steals the Tesseract and controls the minds of Selvig and Hawkeye. Heimdall alerts Thor and Odin of Loki’s arrival on Earth.Meanwhile, Romanoff is undercover and interrogating weapons-dealer Georgi Luchkov; her mission is cut short by a call from Coulson, telling her Hawkeye’s been compromised.May 3rdThor arrives back on Earth thanks to Odin’s use of dark energy to transport him. He has a brief skirmish with Iron Man and Captain America that ends with the agreement to take Loki into S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.May 4thImage via Marvel StudiosLoki manages to escape captivity aboard a S.H.I.E.L.D. helicarrier when his mind-controlled agents take it over and the Hulk goes on a rampage. Phil Coulson is killed in the process.The Battle proceeds to New York where Loki opens a wormhole to allow the invading Chitauri army to swarm into the city. The Avengers unite, defeat Loki, and manage to prevent a missile from wiping out New York City. The invasion is ended and the Tesseract is reclaimed; Thor takes it to Asgard for safe keeping.Many media outlets and private citizens record video of the invasion that show off both the heroic and destructive effects of the battle, in which the mother of Audrey Eastman and the mother of Ellen Nadeer and Vijay Nadeer died.May 6thThe cleanup from the Battle of New York begins. Citizens begin to gather bits and pieces of the alien tech, taking it either as trophies or for other purposes. To prevent this, Tony Stark and the federal government reformed the U.S. Department of Damage Control, which puts private salvage contractors like Adrian Toomes out of business. Toomes, however, takes this opportunity to pilfer more alien technology and put it to criminal purposes.May 9thPhil Coulson is resurrected at the Guest House, though the painful process has the agent begging the surgeons to let him die and necessitating the implantation of false memories, like Tahiti.July 10thScott Lang is fired from Vistacorp for fixing what he believed was a code error that was illegally overcharging customers.July 12thLang then breaks into Vistacorp Headquarters to return $4 million of the ill-gotten money to customers. He also breaks into his former boss’ mansion to steal his possessions and drive his car into the pool.July 13thLang is arrested and sentenced to five years in San Quentin.August 19thA fourth “Mandarin bombing” occurs.December 18thThe fifth “Mandarin bombing” occurs. Tony Stark tests his Mark XLII armor as his Iron Legion project causes friction between him and Pepper.December 19thThe Mandarin bombs both Ali Al Salem Air Base and the TCL Chinese Theater, which explodes when Jack Taggert succumbs to Extremis’ effects. Happy Hogan is caught in the blast but survives.December 22ndStark’s mansion is destroyed by the Mandarin.December 25thAfter discovering Killian’s plan, Stark and his Iron Legion save an Extremis-infected Pepper Potts (who didn’t need much saving after all) while Rhodes rescues the kidnapped President.December 27thPepper’s Extremis effects are neutralized while Stark has the last of the shrapnel near his heart surgically removed, throwing the old, obsolete Arc Reactor into the sea. Stark has the Iron Legion destroyed.21st Century: Phase Two - The Rise of Ultron2013:January 30thCarl Lucas is set up by Willis Stryker and sentenced to Seagate Prison for a crime he didn’t commit.February 15thCarl Lucas meets his therapist, Reva Connors.AugustMatt Murdock turns down permanent positions at law firm Landman and Zack, but also commits his first act of vigilantism by beating up his child-abusing neighbor.August 5thCarl Lucas undergoes an experiment at Seagate Prison that grants him super-strength and impenetrable skin, allowing him to break out of prison that same night. Reva meets him at a motel and they continue their relationship, though he now goes by Luke Cage.September 8thNick Fury gives Coulson command of the Bus.September 9thCentipede Project test subject Michael Peterson saves a woman from an exploded building, earning the moniker “Hooded Hero.” A day later, he’s apprehended by S.H.I.E.L.D. agents who hope to stabilize his Extremis virus that comprised the Centipede serum.September 18thAgent Grant Ward begins training Skye to be a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent.September 27thJessica Jones is forced to wear a sandwich costume for her job at a bad sandwich shop and manages to save a kid from being hit by a car.September 28thCarl Lucas marries Reva ConnorsSeptember 29thKilgrave places Jessica Jones under his mind control, a kidnapping that lasts for months.October 15thFrank Castle receives his medal of honor for his service as a marine in Afghanistan.November 9thThe Convergence begins.November 11thThor leads the Asgardians in the Battle of Vanaheim and defeats the Marauders. Thor then heads to Earth to locate Jane Foster who has become infected with the power of the Aether. Thor brings Jane to Asgard for treatment, against his father’s wishes, but the reappearance of the Aether itself awakens Malekith and his army from a 5,000 year slumber.November 12thMalekith and Algrim kill Thor’s mother, Frigga. Against his father’s wishes yet again, Thor plots to free Loki in order to find a way to defeat the Dark Elves and take his revenge.November 14thWhile Loki uses his magic to trick Odin into claiming the throne, Thor and his human allies defeat Malekith and the Dark Elves at the Battle of Greenwich.November 16thImage via Marvel StudiosThor refuses the throne of Asgard from Odin (who’s actually Loki in disguise) and chooses to remain on Earth, while Sif and Volstagg meet the Collector to deliver the Aether to him for safe keeping. Unbeknownst to them, he then tasks Gamora with finding the Orb in order to collect more Infinity Stones.December 5thMichael Peterson awakes after suffering horrific injuries to find himself missing a leg, but now sporting a Backscatter X-Ray Eye implant, and under the employ of the Clairvoyant.December 18thTen Rings agent Jackson Norris infiltrates Seagate Prison and kidnaps Trevor Slattery to deliver him to the real Mandarin.2014:January 20thUnder Kilgrave’s control, Jessica Jones kills Reva Connors.January 23rdJessica Jones escapes Kilgrave’s control following a car accident, presuming him dead. Kilgrave survives, however, and forces Jack Denton to donate his kidneys which Dr. David Kurata transplants into Kilgrave without anesthesia.February 6thCoulson discovers the Kree body in the Guest House, which is destroyed after Skye is healed of her gunshot wounds.February 12thLorelei arrives on Earth and is followed by Sif, on Odin/Loki’s orders, who attempts to apprehend her.February 19thSif and the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. defeat Lorelei and Sif returns to Asgard.March 31stPhil Coulson and other agents discuss possible identities of the entity known as the Clairvoyant.Steve Rogers meets Sam Wilson during a morning run in Washington, D.C. (On your left.)Captain America and Black Widow lead S.H.I.E.L.D.’s STRIKE team in retaking the Lemurian Star and rescuing hostages; Captain America fights and defeats Batroc the Leaper while Black Widow downloads information from the ship’s computers.April 1stSteve Rogers confronts Nick Fury about the espionage and learns of Project Insight. He later visits an ailing Peggy Carter and attends Sam Wilson’s counseling session.Nick Fury is attacked by the Winter Soldier. Captain America pursues the assassin while Agent 13 / Sharon Carter gets Fury to a hospital, where he appears to die while undergoing surgery.April 2ndCaptain America is attacked by members of STRIKE and goes on the run with Black Widow. Together they learn the truth of the Winter Soldier’s history and of HYDRA’s existence within S.H.I.E.L.D. before the Camp Lehigh bunker is destroyed.April 4th Captain America, Black Widow, and the Falcon take on the members of HYDRA who have infiltrated S.H.I.E.L.D., including the high-ranking Alexander Pierce. Along with the not-actually-dead Nick Fury and Maria Hill, they take out the three helicarriers HYDRA had planned to use to neutralize over 715,000 potential threats to their organization.After a brutal fight that damages the Triskelion, the Winter Soldier begins to remember his past as Bucky Barnes and pulls an unconscious Captain America from the Potomac River.With HYDRA’s infiltration exposed to the public, a series of battles take place between the double agents and the S.H.I.E.L.D. faithful before the agency itself is labeled a terrorist organization by the federal government.April 9thCoulson and his agents defeat John Garrett.Fury appoints Coulson as director of S.H.I.E.L.D. and grants him the Toolbox which points him to their new facility, the Playground.April 11thWolfgang von Strucker assures his HYDRA personnel that their work will continue despite recent events. He observes Pietro and Wanda Maximoff practicing their “miraculous” abilities.July 31stThe Kree and Nova Empires sign a peace treaty, ending the long war between them. Ronan the Accuser refuses to submit to the terms and is labeled a terrorist.Image via Marvel StudiosAugust 1stStar-Lord travels solo to Morag to take possession of the Orb, but is attacked by Korath the Pursuer and Sakaaran mercenaries.Quill flees and informs Yondu that he’s breaking off from the ravagers, which results in a bounty placed on Quill’s head.Ronan sends Gamora after Quill and the Orb.August 2ndAfter Gamora attacks Quill and steals the orb, and once Rocket Raccoon and Groot attempt to capture Quill in order to claim the bounty, they’re all apprehended by Nova Corps and imprisoned at the Kyln. In the prison, they meet Drax the Destroyer who attempts to kill Gamora as vengeance for the death of his wife and daughter at Ronan’s hands. They work together to escape the Kyln the following day, but are now pursued by Ronan and nebula at Knowhere, the group learns of the Orb’s power from the Collector, but the Infinity Stone it contains soon falls into Ronan’s hands. Ronan betrays Thanos, with Nebula at his side, and uses the stone for himself.August 4thThe Ravagers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, and the Nova Corps worth together to defeat Ronan.The Infinity Stone is given to Nova Corps for protection.September 10thNebula is apprehended by the Sovereign while attempting to steal Anulax Batteries.September 19thBrock Rumlow awakens from his coma, attacks his nurse, and escapes the hospital.October 17thThe Guardians of the Galaxy are hired by Ayesha of the Sovereign to defeat the battery-eating Abilisk. Their reward for doing so is the release of Nebula.Rocket Raccoon steals some of the Anulax Batteries, leading to a skirmish with the Sovereign fleet.Ego saves them from destruction and introduces himself (and Mantis) to them when they crash-land on the planet Berhert.On Contraxia, Yondu’s expulsion from the Ravagers for child trafficking is publicly restated by Stakar Ogord. Ayesha arrives and hires Yondu to capture the Guardians.October 19thYondu, Rocket Raccoon, Groot, and Kraglin kill the mutineers and escape the Eclector.Gamora, Drax and Nebula learn of Ego’s plan from Mantis, just as Peter Quill hears it from Ego himself. Quill uses his access to Celestial power to battle his father while the other Guardians manage to destroy the heart of Ego’s power.Yondu sacrifices himself in order to save Quill. He receives a traditional Ravagers funeral, restoring honor to his memory. Stakar reunites with his former teammates Charlie-27, Aleta Ogord, Mainframe, and Krugarr.October 25thAdam Warlock is created by Ayesha as the perfect weapon to take down the Guardians.2015:January 11thBobbi Morse rescues an undercover Jemma Simmons from the HYDRA Laboratories.January 12thMatt Murdock, having recently confessed his sins and begged pardon for his future activities, decides to become a force for good in Hell’s Kitchen, becoming the vigilante, Daredevil. He saves three women from being kidnapped by Turk Barrett and his men.January 13thKaren Page is accused of killing Daniel Fisher. Murdock and Nelson are hired to defend her.January 18thBadly injured, Daredevil is tended to by Claire Temple for the first time. He later survives a brutal battle in order to rescue a kidnapped boy.January 30thDaredevil and Stick attack Nobu Yoshioka’s men while they are receiving delivery of the Black Sky, a young boy. Daredevil prevents Stick from killing the boy, but only temporarily.February 2ndWilson Fisk publicly announces his intention to rid Hell’s Kitchen of the criminal element, sabotaging Murdock and Ben Urich’s plans to expose the mobster.February 4thAfter barely surviving a duel against Yoshioka, daredevil narrowly escapes death at the hands of Wilson Fisk.Foggy Nelson learns of Daredevil’s identity while Claire Temple patches him up, once again.February 8thDaredevil encounters Madame Gao while infiltrating the Steel Serpent drug manufacturing and distribution warehouse.Ben Urich is assassinated by Fisk.February 14thAfter being arrested by the FBI, Wilson Fisk’s men free him, but Daredevil (in his new suit from Melvin Potter) duels Fisk in Hell’s Kitchen, and defeats him. Fisk is apprehended by the NYPD.March 7thAn attack on the United Nations Headquarters is carried out by HYDRA operatives claiming to be operating under the orders of S.H.I.E.L.D.March 10thJessica Jones takes a case tracking down the missing Hope Shlottman.Jones meets local bar owner Luke Cage and the two have a one-night stand, but Jones quickly leaves when she sees Reva Connors’ picture in his apartment.March 11thJones finds Hope and rescues her, but since Hope was under the influence of Kilgrave, she shoots her own parents.March 12thJones starts to investigate Kilgrave’s activity once again, inspired by the radio show of her adopted sister, Trish Walker.March 14thA brawl at Luke’s bar reveals to Luke Cage and Jessica Jones that each other have powers.March 29thJessica Jones, Trish Walker, and Will Simpsons successfully subdue Kilgrave, but he’s freed by his bodyguards.March 31stThe Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. battle HYDRA agents in Kree City, where Skye and Raina’s Inhuman abilities are revealed by Terrigen Mist. Antoine Triplett dies in the process.April 3rdFrank Castle finishes his last tour of duty and heads home to New York City.April 4thCastle and his family are caught in a mob firefight in Central Park. He survives with only a gunshot to his hand, but his wife and daughter are killed.April 8thKilgrave attempts to win Jessica Jones’ affections by purchasing her childhood home and showing her tapes of his own childhood in which his unethical parents experimented on him.Jones manages to drug Kilgrave and escape both his bodyguards and those who want to kill him.April 13thUnder Kilgrave’s thrall, Luke Cage destroys his own bar. Jessica Jones comes to his rescue, but the two soon fight since Luke is still under Kilgrave’s influence.April 15thNow resistant to Kilgrave’s powers, Jessica Jones tricks the mind-controlling villain into letting his guard down. She snaps his neck, killing him. Jones is then taken to prison but is soon freed by Jeri Hogarth.April 28thThe Avengers assemble to raid HYDRA’s main research base in Sokovia. They interact with the twins Pietro and Wanda Maximoff but manage to succeed in their mission to liberate the Scepter and take Wolfgang von Strucker into custody, ending the War on HYDRA.They return to Avengers Tower where Tony Stark and Bruce Banner discover an artificial intelligence hidden within the Scepter, which they opt to use for Stark’s peacekeeping Ultron Program.May 2ndDuring a celebratory party at Avengers Tower, Ultron becomes sentient, determines that the human race is volatile and self-destructive, and attempts to destroy J.A.R.V.I.S. before forming a body for itself out of parts of Stark’s new Iron Legion suits.Ultron introduces himself to the Avengers and uses the Iron Legion drones to attack them. They defeat the drones and Thor destroys Ultron’s body, but his AI inhabits a remaining suit and flees with the Scepter.Ultron flies to the Sokovia base and builds an army of drones to control. He also wins Pietro and Wanda Maximoff to his cause since they seek vengeance on Tony Stark due to the death of their parents in an attack which used Stark weaponry.Ultron also assassinates Wolfang von Strucker.May 3rdThe Avengers attempt to prevent Ultron from securing vibranium from Ulysses Klaue (who loses an arm due to an angry Ultron) in South Africa, but are stymied by Wanda’s mind-altering powers.Hulk goes on a rampage in Johannesburg due to these visions and Tony Stark summons the Hulkbuster armor to defeat him after a lengthy battle.The team goes into hiding after this terrifying and destructive public display while Thor goes off in search of answers to his own visions, leading him to discover the existence of the Infinity Stones and the Scepter’s Mind Stone.May 5thThe Avengers, joined by the Maximoff twins who have learned of Ultron’s true plans to destroy the human race, arrive in Seoul, South Korea to stop Ultron from completing his vibranium body. They secure the robot body, but lose Romanoff to Ultron.Stark and Banner attempt to upload the remaining J.A.R.V.I.S. program into the synthetic body which houses the mind stone in its forehead. With Thor’s assistance, Vision is born. He proves his worthiness by lifting Mjølnir and handing it to Thor before siding with the Avengers against Ultron.Stark uploads a new A.I. named F.R.I.D.A.Y. into his Mark XLV armor.May 6thThe Avengers head to Sokovia for a final showdown against Ultron and to rescue Black Widow, while S.H.I.E.L.D. agents arrive to evacuate citizens of the now-floating city.Pietro Maximoff sacrifices himself to save Hawkeye and a young Sokovian boy.Hulk tosses Ultron from the hijacked Quinjet, but then sets the autopilot for an unknown destination to keep from endangering the team anymore. For two years, Banner remains in Hulk form, winding up on the planet Sakaar and battling in gladiatorial combat as the Grandmaster’s champion.Wanda Maximoff rips out Ultron’s core and Vision destroys the final Ultron sentry containing the insane A.I.The Avengers prevent an extinction-level event that would have been caused by Sokovia crashing to Earth, but the son of Miriam Sharpe and Helmut Zemo’s family die in the battle.May 8thThe New Avengers Facility breaks ground in New York.Jonathan Pangborn heads to Kamar-Taj to find a cure for his injuries.May 9thThanos retrieves his Infinity Gauntlet, sans Infinity Stones, and vows, “I’ll do it myself.”Coulson loses his hand during the retaking of the Illiad.Terrigen Crystals dissolve in the world’s oceans and make their way into fish oil pills …May 16thJemma Simmons is swallowed up by the Monolith and winds up on an alien planet known as Maveth.May 28thThe New Avengers facility officially opens (in record time), but Hawkeye returns to his wife and newborn son, Stark appears to retire, Banner is AWOL, and Thor is pursuing answers to his visions on Asgard. Captain America and Black Widow prepare to train the New Avengers: Vision, Scarlet Witch, Falcon, and War Machine.June 1stLuke Cage starts working at Pop’s Barber Shop.July 13thSenate hearings for Sokovia relief efforts begin.July 16thStark Industries announce new scholarships.July 17thScott Lang is released from prison and gets a job at Baskin-Robbins.Darren Cross presents his Yellowjacket suit during a meeting with Pym Technologies and other companies while also privately revealing to Hank Pym that he knows of his past as Ant-Man. Pym plans to put a stop to Cross’ efforts.July 20thScott Lang is fired from Baskin-Robbins and kicked out of his daughter’s birthday party. He signs on to a heist job.July 23rdHaving successfully pulled of the heist, Lang tries on the suit he found in the home’s safe. He tries it out, shrinking him down to size and hearing Hank Pym’s voice in the suit.When Lang tries to return the suit, he’s arrested and sent back to prison. Here he meets Pym in person for the first time and learns that the older man orchestrated the whole heist. An ant delivers the Ant-Man suit to Lang on Pym’s behalf, allowing him to escape prison.July 29thLang masters the suit’s abilities and combat training thanks to assistance from Pym and Hope van Dyne.July 30thLang battles Falcon at the New Avengers facility and manages to steal a device that will help him to liberate the Yellowjacket suit.July 31stLang infiltrates Pym Technologies HQ and battles Cross, who dons the Yellowjacket suit. The battle continues at Lang’s ex-wife’s house in his daughter’s bedroom where Cross is defeated. His plans to sell his tech to HYDRA are foiled when Cross is killed by Lang shrinking into the Quantum Realm to destroy the suit.Lang figures out a way to emerge from the Quantum Realm, but forgets it upon his sudden enlargement.August 4thHank Pym presents Hope van Dyne with a new Wasp suit.August 23rdGroot is now “adolescent” in maturity level and size, making Peter Quill appreciate how tough Yondu’s role as guardian really was.October 21stMembers of the Dogs of Hell biker gang are killed by a mysterious attacker.October 28thGunfire tears apart the Burren Club where the Kitchen Irish were meeting. Only Grotto survives.Frank Castle attempts to finish his hit on Grotto, but the man is saved by Karen Page. Daredevil intervenes but is concussed and wounded during a rooftop fight.October 29thCastle goes after Grotto again but is once again foiled by Daredevil. However, Castle is able to take Daredevil hostage in the process.Daredevil escapes his chains but Castle kills Grotto anyway and forces Daredevil to fight against the Dogs of Hell biker gang in order to flee.November 1stThe Kitchen Irish kidnap and torture Castle, now known as the Punisher.Daredevil learns of Castle’s family during a conversation in St. Michael’s Cemetery.Elektra Natchios returns asking for Matt Murdock’s help.November 2ndDaredevil and Elektra defeat the Yakuza who ambush them at Elektra’s penthouse.November 5thPeter Parker is bitten by a radioactive spider.November 14thPeter Parker decides to use his new abilities to protect people as Spider-Man.November 15thLuke Cage defends Connie and Jin Lin from thugs attempting to extort them, though he busts up Genghis Connie’s in the fight.November 16thPop’s Barber Shop is shot up and Pops dies.November 17thFrank Castle is imprisoned on Ryker’s Island and wastes no time in attempting to kill Dutton after getting the information that he needed from him. Double-crossed by Wilson Fisk, Castle also manages to kill all of Dutton’s allies before being subdued by prison guards. He soon escapes prison.Daredevil investigates a Hand facility in which children are being drained of their blood. He discovers that Yoshioka is still alive.Image via NetflixLuke Cage smashes his way through the Crispus Attucks complex and steals the ill-gotten money.Cottonmouth blows up Genghis Connie’s but fails to kill Luke Cage in the process.November 18thThe Hand attack Metro-General Hospital and retrieve the children they had been draining of blood.November 21stSam Wilson searches for Ant-Man and hears stories about Spider-Man in the process.Daredevil and Elektra take on the vast numbers of the Hand and are assisted by Punisher and Stick. Elektra dies in the battle, however.November 27thA monstrous Inhuman known as Lash arrives, one of many new Inhumans transformed by the Terrigen Mist.November 29thAfter 4,722 hours, Simmons is finally rescued from Maveth and returns to Earth.November 30thMariah Dillard kills Cottonmouth.Willis Stryker, a.k.a. Diamondback, wounds Luke Cage with a Judas Bullet.December 3rdLuke Cage duels Diamondback (now in his power suit) through the streets of Harlem.Luke Cage is arrested for his escape from Seagate Prison, though Claire Temple mentions a lawyer she knows who might help him.Image via NetflixDecember 23rdElektra’s funeral is held. Nelson and Murdock close their tab at Josie’s Bar.December 24thFrank Castle returns home and burns it to the ground, but not before retrieving a disc labeled “Micro.”December 25thMatt Murdock reveals his identity as Daredevil to Karen Page.Elektra is revealed to be the next incarnation of Black Sky.21st Century: Phase Three - Infinity and Beyond2016:January 22ndA disillusioned Kaecilius confronts the Ancient OneJanuary 24thCoulson presumably kills Ward during a fight on Maveth.Ward’s corpse is reanimated by It, the parasitic Inhuman also known as Hive and Alveus.February 28thKaecilius forms the Zealots and rebels against the Ancient One with the aim of performing rituals found in the Book of Cagliostro.March 16thThe Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. covertly order drinks for Lance Hunter and Bobbi Morse at a bar as part of a “spy’s goodbye.”May 1stKaecilius and the Zealots break into the Kamar-Taj library, decapitate the librarian, and steal pages from the Book of Cagliostro. The Ancient One pursues them as they hop through portals to London, trapping them in the Mirror Dimension, but is unable to prevent Kaecilius’ escape.May 3rdVideo surfaces of Spider-Man preventing a car from crashing into a bus.Thaddeus Ross becomes Secretary of State.Crossbones, a.k.a. Brock Rumlow, assaults the Institute for Infectious Disease in Lagos, Nigeria in order to steal a biological weapon. Captain America, Falcon, Scarlet Witch, and Black Widow stop him.Crossbones detonates a suicide bomb, but the blast is contained by Scarlet Witch. Unfortunately, the explosion also damages a building and kills civilians, including Wakandan aid relief workers.Tony Stark’s M.I.T. speech ends with him being approached by Miriam Sharpe, a grieving mother who blames him for her son’s death in Sokovia.The UN releases the Sokovia Accords following deliberation over the attack in Lagos.May 5thStark signs the Sokovia Accords, registering him under the control of the federal government. He believes control and restriction of the Avengers will prevent needless destruction and death.May 6thDoctor Stephen Strange survives a terrible car crash, but his hands are irreparably damaged.June 4thPeggy Carter dies peacefully in her sleep.June 5thWakandan king T’Chaka publicly supports the Sokovia Accords.The Avengers are given three days to sign the accords or they will be forced to resign. Romanoff, Rhodes, and Vision side with Stark, while Wilson and Maximoff disagree and side with Rogers.Helmut Zero tortures a HYDRA agent for information regarding the trigger words used to manipulate the Winter Soldier.June 8thSharon Carter delivers a eulogy at Peggy Carter’s funeral in London, revealing that she’s Peggy’s niece.Romanoff meets T’Challa, son of T’Chaka, during the signing of the accords in Vienna, but are interrupted by a terrorist bombing orchestrated by Helmut Zemo. T’Chaka dies in the blast and Zemo flees to Berlin.Jeffrey Mace is caught on camera during the bombing and is inadvertently labeled a hero by the media.Bucky Barnes is blamed for the bombing. T’Challa, a.k.a. Black Panther, swears vengeance on him, while Rogers and Wilson head to Bucharest to reach the Winter Soldier first.June 9thWar Machine arrests Captain America, Black Panther, and the Winter Soldier in Bucharest after a tense battle. They arrive at the Joint Counter-Terrorist Centre along with Sam Wilson.Helmut Zemo infiltrates the facility and triggers the Winter Soldier, forcing him to divulge the details of a secret mission and the HYDRA Siberian Facility where he was held. He then orders the Winter Soldier to attack Rogers, Sharon Carter, Black Widow, and even the Black Panther before fleeing.Upon recapturing Bucky, Captain American learns that Zemo likely plans to thaw out the other Winter Soldiers. Rogers calls on Hawkeye and recruits Ant-Man for help. Hawkeye breaks Scarlet Witch out of the New Avengers compound to join the team; she uses her powers to subdue Vision temporarily.Stark and Black Widow, meanwhile, call in Black Panther, War Machine, and Spider-Man, whom Stark gifts a scholarship and a new costume.June 10thThe battle at Flughafen Leipzig-Halle airport occurs between the heroes with Captain America, Falcon, Scarlet Witch, Ant-Man, Hawkeye, and Winter Soldier taking on Iron Man, War Machine, Vision, Spider-Man, Black Widow, and Black Panther.The airport is substantially damaged in the battle and War Machine becomes paralyzed from a fall. Captain America and Winter Soldier manage to escape and fly to Siberia to defeat Zemo thanks to Black Widow switching sides. Falcon, Scarlet Witch, Hawkeye and Ant-Man are arrested.Stark is alerted to Zemo’s frame-up, learns of his own mistake, and visits the imprisoned Avengers to learn of Captain America’s plan to stop the villain from Falcon, promising to go to Siberia as an ally. Black Panther covertly tracks Iron Man on his journey to seek revenge on the Winter Soldier.Image via MarvelAt the HYDRA facility, Captain America, Winter Soldier, and Iron Man temporarily put their differences aside to defeat Zemo, but they discover that the remaining Winter Soldiers have all been killed by Zemo. He reveals his plan to tear the Avengers apart due to their role in the death of his family. Black Panther overhears this, and withdraws from the impending battle. He later spares Zemo’s life and prevents him from committing suicide so that he can head to prison.Zemo reveals the Winter Soldier’s hand in the death of Stark’s parents and Iron Man attacks both Bucky and Captain America. Winter Soldier’s metal arm is lost and Iron Man’s Arc Reactor is damaged, making his armor useless. Captain America leaves his shield behind since it was created by Stark’s father and “he doesn’t deserve it” as Stark says.T’Challa delivers Zemo to the Joint Counter-Terrorist Centre in Berlin, accompanied by Rogers and Barnes who fly with him to Wakanda.Everett Ross taunts the imprisoned Zemo.June 11thLash attacks Hive and frees Daisy Johnson from his sway.June 12thPeter Parker is returned home from Berlin by Tony Stark, in time for school.Barnes volunteers to be frozen again until his mind-control can be completely purged.June 16thStark arrives at the New Avengers facility and assists Rhodes in his physical therapy.A letter from Rogers apologizes for everything that happened between them and a phone gives Stark access to Rogers and his team should the need arise.Rogers frees his imprisoned teammates from the Raft. Ross informs Stark, who simply puts the Secretary of State on hold.Around this time, Rogers and Barnes head to Wakanda.June 22ndDaisy leaves S.H.I.E.L.D. and becomes the vigilante known as Quake.June 23rdThe events of Black Panther take place; see the breakdown below.September 10thAfter numerous failed surgeries, Stephen Strange meets with Joseph Pangborn and learns of the mystical Kamar-Taj. He spends the last of his funds to travel to Nepal.September 12thStrange is eventually admitted into Kamar-Taj where he meets Karl Mordo and the Ancient One and begins his training in the mystical arts.September 17thJeffrey Mace goes through the Project Patriot program to improve public perception of the Inhuman race.September 21stJeffrey Mace becomes director of S.H.I.E.L.D.September 23rdPeter Parker ditches the Midtown High School Homecoming dance in order to take down the Vulture, a.k.a. Adrian Toomes.September 25thMan or Mandarin: The Trevor Slattery Story airs on TVSeptember 26thKaecilius and his Zealots successfully contact Dormammu.October 21stStephen Strange’s training continues. The Ancient One deposits him on Mount Everest to force his ability to use the Sling Ring.December 11thDr. Holden Radcliffe brings his artificial intelligence Aida to life using a Life-Model Decoy body.2017:March 2ndCellphone video captures Ghost Rider driving away in the Hell Charger.March 3rdStrange learns of the power of the Eye of Agamotto as Kaecilius and his Zealots destroy the London Sanctum and those defending it. Strange becomes trapped in the Sanctum Sanctorum and defends it as best he can, assisted by the Cloak of Levitation and artifacts like the Rotunda of Gateways, the Brazier of Bom’Galiath, and the Crimson Bands of Cyttorak.Strange is wounded and travels to Metro-General Hospital so that Christine Palmer can save his life while he gives her direction (and duels the Zealot Lucian) from the astral plane.Returning to the Sanctum Sanctorum, he’s granted the position of protector of the Sanctum by the Ancient One, but when he challenges her on the topic of pulling energy from the Dark Dimension, she flees.Kaecilius returns to finish the job and Strange pulls everyone into the Mirror Dimension. The Ancient One saves Strange and Mordo, but suffers a mortal wound in the process.Despite getting the Ancient One to the hospital, she dies, but not before warning Strange of the dangers of Dormammu.March 4thThe battle at the Hong Kong sanctum goes poorly until Strange uses the Eye of Agamotto to reverse time, save the Sanctum’s Masters from death, and undo the destruction to the city. Kaecilius breaks free of the spell and manages to summon Dormammu’s Dark Dimension anyway since it is “beyond time.’Strange travels into the Dark Dimension and creates a time loop that eventually forces Dormammu to bargain with the sorcerer after many, many, many deaths.Strange ends the loop only after Dormammu banishes himself from Earth along with Kaecilius and the Zealots, who he transforms into Mindless Ones and pulls into the Dark Dimension.Mordo leaves the Masters of the Mystic Arts, disillusioned by The Ancient One’s reveal.Strange returns the Eye of Agamotto to Kamar-Taj before taking up his role as protector of the Sanctum Sanctorum in New York.March 16thGhost Rider sightings increase and the people of Los Angeles regard him as a vigilante.March 19thQuake and Ghost Rider duel in the junkyard.April 4thGhost Rider frees Eli Morrow from South Ridge Penitentiary, but loses him when his rage takes over and he kills Santino Noguera of the Fifth Street Locos.April 12thMelinda May is replaced with a Life-Model Decoy as part of Aida’s plans.April 13thAida is beheaded, but another version of Aida talks with Radcliffe at their home, where it’s revealed that the first Aida had been programmed to steal the Darkhold.April 16thMay keeps attempting to escape the Framework simulation, which soon includes Kitsworth, Coulson, Fitz, Simmons, Mackenzie, Johnson and Rodriguez.The Framework features an alternate history that ranges from HYDRA’s founding in 400 CE to Skye and Ward’s relationship in the late April, 2017.May 12thRobbie Reyes transfers the Ghost Rider power to Coulson who makes a deal with the Spirit of Vengeance in exchange for killing Aida.Mackenzie and Rodriguez finally decide to leave the simulation, waking up on Zephyr One.Ghost Rider uses his Hellfire Chain to open a portal to Hell and return the Darkhold there.Holden Radcliffe is forced to remain in the Framework, both vanishing upon deletion.Coulson’s team enjoys a celebratory dinner, but are apprehended by a mysterious man who wields a device that freezes them.September 8thKarl Mordo pays a visit to Jonathan Pangborn and removes his powers, claiming that there are already too many sorcerers in the world.FallCoulson awakens and looks out the window … onto outer space.Thor visits Doctor Strange requesting assistance in finding Odin. Strange agrees, on the condition that Thor and Loki immediately return to Asgard once Odin is located.'Thor: Ragnarok'Two Years after the Battle of Sokovia: The Events of Thor: RagnarokIn search of the Infinity Stones, Thor seeks out (and is captured by) the fire demon Surtur in the realm of Muspelheim. Surtur is destined to bring about Ragnarok–the destruction of Asgard–but not just yet since Thor defeats him and takes his crown as a trophy.Loki, meanwhile, has been enjoying his disguise as Odin for years now, but Thor puts a stop to that party when he returns home to Asgard. The brothers are reunited in their quest to find their father, Odin, and with the assistance of Doctor Strange, they travel to Norway to say farewell to their dying father.With Odin’s death comes the release of Hela, the banished Goddess of Death, form her millennia-long imprisonment. The first clash between Hela and her brothers ends with her destruction of Mjolnir and their flight to the bifrost bridge.Hela continues to Asgard, the source of her power, and destroys the army opposing her (led by Hogun) while resurrecting her own army of the dead (including the giant wolf Fenris) and appointing the reluctant, traitorous Skurge as her executioner.Thor and Loki both wind up on the garbage planet Sakaar, though at different times: Loki has been there long enough to weasel his way into the good graces of the planet’s ruler, the Grandmaster. Thor, however, is captured by an Asgardian Valkyrie mercenary nicknamed Scrapper 142 and thrown into the fighting pit where he faces off against the arena’s champion, Hulk.Having survived the fight and escaped captivity with the help of Valkyrie (and Loki, at least temporarily), Thor is able to restore Banner to his human form thanks to a video recording from Natasha stored in the Quinjet archive. After two years as the Hulk, Banner returns, though he’s concerned that he’ll never be able to do so again should the Hulk be allowed to come out just one more time.When Thor, Banner, and Valkyrie arrive on Asgard, Hela’s forces are about to decimate the rebellious Heimdall and the Asgardians he’s protecting. Banner becomes the Hulk (after a painful fall down to the Rainbow Bridge) and battles Hela’s resurrected Fenris Wolf and the undead forces led by Skurge.Thor and Valkyrie battle Hela, though the God of Thunder loses an eye in this effort. His resultant vision of Odin channels untapped power into Thor and he’s able to rejoin the fight.Meanwhile, a revolution on Sakaar, led in part by the Kronan known as Korg and the planet’s insectoid native known as Miek before they headed to Asgard to rescue the realm’s inhabitants, defeated the Grandmaster, who is last seen attempting to win favor with the victors.Loki and the surviving gladiators, including Korg and Miek, arrive on Asgard to act as a lifeboat to rescue the Asgardian citizens. Skurge sacrifices himself to save his fellow Asgardians in a redemptive final act. While Thor, Hulk, and Valkyrie distract Hela, Loki liberates the crown of Surtur (possibly swiping the tesseract in the process) and summons the fire demon using the Eternal Flame, the only entity who can bring about Ragnarok and defeat Hela, at the price of the destruction of Asgard.Having escaped aboard a spaceship, an eyepatch-sporting Thor assumes the role of Ruler of Asgard and takes his throne, flanked by Heimdall, Valkyrie, Loki, Korg, and Hulk. Their plan is to head to Earth/Midgard and attempt to rebuild Asgard, perhaps in Norway. However, a massive spacecraft suddenly looms above their ship…'Black Panther'Spoilers ahead if you haven’t seen Black Panther:Believe it or not, the events of Black Panther occur roughly one week after Zemo’s apprehension at the end of Captain America: Civil War. That means that the action in Wakanda took place before the events of Spider-Man: Homecoming and Doctor Strange. There’s a little bit of wiggle room regarding when Steve Rogers and Bucky Barnes arrived, and when Barnes was apparently cured and thawed, but we’re still waiting for an official MCU timeline to be released.Roughly June 23, 2016 into July 2016:Returning home to Wakanda to assume the throne after T’Chaka’s assassination, T’Challa first travels with Dora Milaje General Okoye (Danai Gurira) to liberate his ex-lover Nakia (Lupita Nyong’o) from her undercover mission in order to have her by his side at the impending coronation ceremony.At the ceremony, T’Challa is challenged by the Jabari Tribe leader M’Baku (Winston Duke), but emerges victorious and lets M’Baku live.Now Black Panther in earnest, T’Challa learns of the whereabouts of Ulysses Klaue and heads to South Korea in order to apprehend him. Though they’re successful, with the help/hindrance of the CIA’s Everett K. Ross, the usurper known as Killmonger breaks Klaue out of the CIA Black Site. Ross takes a bullet in the process.Having taken Ross back to Wakanda in order to heal him, it’s soon revealed to T’Challa and the Tribal Counsel that King T’Chaka killed his own brother and orphaned his nephew. That nephew is Killmonger, who returns to his ancestral nation–having killed Klaue and delivered him to the vengeance-seeking Border Tribe as tribute–in order to challenge T’Challa to the throne.Killmonger defeats T’Challa and assumes the title and the power of Black Panther, throwing the defeated king from the waterfall.Killmonger orders the destruction of the remaining Heart-Shaped Herbs and the delivery of Vibranium weapons to War Dogs waiting in New York, London, and Hong Kong.Queen Ramonda, Nakia, Shuri, and a healed Ross journey to the Jabari lands to request aide from M’Baku, only to find a comatose T’Challa laid to rest on ice. He’s revived with the sole remaining Heart-Shaped Herb and leads the revolt against Killmonger and his newly won allies.Image via Marvel StudiosT’Challa’s family and friends defeat the uprising with T’Challa himself mortally wounding Killmonger, who decides to die a free man rather than be healed and imprisoned. T’Challa sits with his cousin while the sun sets over a briefly divided and soon-to-begin-healing nation of Wakanda.Later, T’Challa and Shuri arrive in Oakland, CA where it’s revealed that T’Challa has purchased extensive property in the area with the goal of establishing an outreach center, run by Nakia, and technological R&D facility, headed by Shuri. They make their tech clear to both the local Oakland youth and to people on the world stage, starting with the United Nations, finally emerging from their self-imposed isolation.Back in Wakanda, Bucky Barnes emerges from a hut near the river where Shuri is helping with his recuperationRef:http://collider.com/mcu-timeline-explained/#infinity-stones-celestials-frost-giants

Dark Phoenix Has Worst Box-Office Debut in X-Men Series History. What Happened?Photo: Twentieth Century FoxJust hours after the lifting of a studio-imposed review embargo, Dark Phoenix was savaged by critics, receiving the worst Rotten Tomatoes score of any movie in the 19-year-old, multibillion-dollar-grossing X-Men franchise. By the Sunday after it debuted in theaters, box-office analysts were predicting that the $200 million film is on track to lose between $100 million and $120 million over its theatrical run. So what, uh, happened?The superhero flick is the second installment to follow the Dark Phoenix character arc of Jean Grey (Game of Thrones’ Sophie Turner). She’s a powerful telepath barely in control of her supernatural abilities who consumes a kind of cosmic flare while on a mission in space that imbues her with virtually limitless powers — and an alternate personality. From there, a power struggle pits the newly minted Phoenix against her mutant brethren (returning cast members James McAvoy, Jennifer Lawrence, and Michael Fassbender among them), thanks in part to a mysterious alien puppeteer named Vuk (Jessica Chastain). Reviewers generally agreed that Dark Phoenix fails to rise above its leaden pacing, schlocky dialogue, shoddy production values, and general preposterousness. “Dark Phoenix doesn’t just suck big time,” critic Peter Travers opined in Rolling Stone. “It’s the worst movie ever in the X-Menseries.” (Our own critic David Edelstein’s assessment of the film could be summarized in one word: middling.)So far, most of the blame has fallen at the feet of writer-director-producer Simon Kinberg, an old X-Men hand who has written three and produced four other franchise pieces and who is making his directorial debut with Dark Phoenix. But with its well-publicized production delays and expensive reshoots, this purported conclusion to the X-Men saga (at least until Disney figures out how to reboot the series) has been viewed as an impending disaster by Hollywood industry watchers for well over a year. Here is a timeline of Dark Phoenix’s production chaos and rollout woes:November 2016: After the lackluster box-office performance of X-Men: Apocalypse (which earned $544 million globally, a precipitous drop from X-Men: Days of Future Past’s $748 million haul in 2014), Fox, the films’ distributor, presses a “reset button” on the flagship franchise, indicating a kind of crisis of faith. With Fassbender (who has portrayed Magneto in the films since 2014), Lawrence (Raven/Mystique), McAvoy (Charles Xavier), and Nicolas Hoult (Hank McCoy/Beast) at the end of their original, three-picture contracts, Kinberg is named the new series overseer. (He was already rumored to have been brought on to manage parts of the Apocalypse set shortly before Bryan Singer left the franchise.) He sets to work on a script that will reunite those stars one last time, specifically intending to relaunch the brand with Dark Phoenix, the first X-Men movie to omit the word X-Men from its title.June 2017: Principal photography begins in and around Montreal and extends to October. In December, Kinberg begins a postproduction process that will stretch out over the next year and a half, an eternity by normal movie-editing standards.March 2018: Triggering mass confusion in fanboy circles, Fox pushes back Dark Phoenix’s release date from November 2018 to February 14, 2019 — a move the studio spins as a positive development by pointing out that both Black Pantherand Deadpool cleaned up at the box office on previous Presidents Day weekends. Not coincidentally, also that month, the studio reportedly holds a test screening of the film. A source tells Collider that the film “needs additional photography.” But the soonest its A-list cast can reassemble will be August or September — hence the necessity of a calendar shift.March 2018, Part II: Kinberg announces the mutant film will undergo significant reshoots and rework its third act. An insider speaking to the Hollywood Reporter ballparks those overages at less than $10 million. In terms of public perception, all isn’t doom and gloom yet — “pickups,” additional photography, and reshoots are standard operating procedure on any Hollywood production with a nine-figure budget. But that perception will soon change.August 2018: Movie Twitter explodes with the news out of Canada that Dark Phoenix will require three months of reshoots, the type of time commitment typically allotted for an entire film shoot. Although a source close to the film later reveals that the production is, in fact, scheduled for only two and a half more weeks of reshoots in Montreal, the damage to the film’s reputation is done. Movie reporters start calling Dark Phoenix a “troubled production,” and industry observers begin to wonder whether the film could be “Fant4stic level bad.”September 2018: More disastrous test screenings are reported. One fan takes to Reddit to vent about the cut he’s supposedly seen. “What can’t change is the movie being really underwhelming. Really lower your expectations because this one is not good,” the person writes. “They repeat moments from X3 I kid you not.” Fox also decides to punt again, shifting the release date from February to June — purportedly in a bid to maximize Chinese box office. “[We] felt like that June date was a bigger opportunity for us globally,” Kinberg tells IndieWire. Fans, of course, interpret the rescheduling as a harbinger of postproduction chaos.Some unknown insiders later tell The Hollywood Reporter that the film was rescheduled in order to make room for James Cameron’s Alita: Battle Angel,which at the time was facing a December opening weekend against Aquaman, Bumblebee, and Mary Poppins Returns.January 2019: The report of yet another round of craptacular test screenings provokes even more hand-wringing in Marvel-fan circles. Thanks to the reshoots, the movie’s budget balloons to $200 million.May 2019: In an interview with Yahoo Movies UK, McAvoy and Fassbender reveal the true cause for Dark Phoenix’s third-act revision, involving an action set piece that takes place in a military train: The reshoots came about because of a perceived similarity to the climax of another recent comic-book movie adaptation (Captain Marvel, in all likelihood). “The finale had to change,” McAvoy says in the interview. “There was a lot of overlap with another superhero movie that came out … a while ago. And we had no idea that we were …” “That they had spies on the set,” Fassbender jokingly interjects.June 2019: Following a disappointing opening weekend at the box office, former X-Men franchise producer Lauren Shuler Donner tweets and then deletes the following: “Save your condolences. I had zero, nothing to do with Dark Phoenix. Or Apocalypse, or New Mutants.”“There is no rush to bring the X-Men to the marketplace after this,” a producer tells The Hollywood Reporter after Dark Phoenix’s debut results come in. “And when they come back, it’s going to extend Marvel’s run another 10 years.”

Zimbabwe is faced with widespread hunger because the country lacks the hard currency needed to import basic food, and a new currency introduced in June has provided little relief.“Millions die needlessly every year, from countless diseases of energy and economic poverty.But under a Biden-Harris Administration, with John Kerry at the forefront, there is little hope that these African and other pleas will be heard.”Duggan Flanakin below.“For more than two decades, Zimbabwe has been trying to break ground on a giant coal-power complex near the world’s biggest man-made reservoir. Now, China has agreed to get the $4.2 billion project underway.”This is a most pressing question with implications far beyond coal in my opinion. Is the West being blind sided by China’s expansions of coal fired energy at “insane levels” around the world and at home? Does China privately understand from its scientists that natural forces not minute amounts of CO2 from coal are the driving forces of climate change giving China confidence to go it alone on coal power expansions? There is evidence that they do. See NATURE STUDY below.NOTE: the carbon reduction targets of the PARIS ACCORD sideline everyone else from competing with China coal on the false premise and unfounded science that minute amounts of non polluting fossil fuel CO2 emissions (0.117%) are dangerous to the climate ? The world has been wrongly convinced that not only is coal a dirty fuel but it is harming the climate. China may be seeing more clearly that this view is false.BUT: This just in from the Global Warming Policy Forum GWPF China is not alone as many countries are resuming consumption of coal power.Global coal demand to rebound as economy recoversDate: 19/12/20BloombergGlobal coal demand is poised to rebound next year as the economy recovers and the U.S. and Europe may see the first increase in consumption in several years, the International Energy Agency said.Despite the global shift toward economies based on renewable energy, the dirtiest fossil fuel looks set to keep its role as the world’s biggest power source although its share will slip to 35% in 2021 from 36.5% last year.Coal use in power generation globally is expected to increase by as much as 2.8% next year as electricity demand rebounds particularly in Asia, the IEA said in its 2020 coal report.Global Coal Demand to ReboundDemand for the fuel will return in 2021 but won’t reach 2019 levelsOver the next 5 years, global demand is forecast to “flatten out” at around 7.4 billion tons, as declines in Europe and the U.S. will offset any increased use in Asia. The main drivers of demand for the fuel will continue to be China and India, which both rely heavily on the fuel in their energy mix.While there are few signs that use of the fossil fuel will fade away any time soon, the IEA said that unless there are unforeseen developments that would significantly boost demand, it’s likely that consumption peaked in 2013.EU coal demand is expected to increase marginally for the first time since 2012, rising 3.5%. The U.S. rebound will be the first since 2014, increasing consumption by 11.1% next year.Full storyHere are the relevant points about China and coal.The world is awash in fossil fuels and coal reserves in particular that there is no end in sight. (US alone has more than 357 years waiting to be mined.)China coal production at 3242 tonnes dwarfs all countries by a large factor. (US is only 672 t.)More than 2 billion in the developing world live in the dark off grid and need coal power to see the light.Clean coal power technology is used by China buiding state of the art plants arouond the world and at home.Significant climate studies published by Chinese academics in Beijing debunk the shoddy science of the PARIS ACCORD and may help explain why China ignores the carbon targets.China is single handedly destroying any chance of the world meeting the PARIS ACCORD carbon targets now or in the future because of its massive coal fired expansion.“In one sense, China's push for coal is not surprising: China knows how to build coal plants. It is the world's largest coal consumer, drawing more than 70 percent of its electricity from coal, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.”Why Is China Placing A Global Bet On Coal?WRITTEN BY DUGGAN FLANAKIN, GUEST POST ONDEC 24, 2020. POSTED IN LATEST NEWSHow China Is Conquering Africa One Coal Plant At A Time“Joe Biden has pledged that one of his first acts as President will be rejoining the Paris Climate Treaty – which gives China a complete pass on reducing emissions until at least 2030.Even Biden’s designated “climate envoy,” former Secretary of State John Kerry, says the existing treaty “has to be stronger,” but then claims China will somehow become an active partner, instead of the competitor and adversary it clearly is. His rationale: “Climate is imperative, it’s as imperative for China as it is for us.”As to China employing more Green technology and abiding by (much less strengthening) the Paris agreement, the evidence is at best spotty, at worst completely the opposite.President Trump pulled the United States out of Paris, but between January 2017 and May 2019, the US had shuttered 50 coal-fired power plants, with 51 more shutdowns announced, bringing the total shutdowns to 289 (330 once announced shutdowns also take place) since 2010, soon leaving under 200 still operating.Meanwhile, as of 2019, China had 2,363 active coal-fired power plants and was building another 1,171 in the Middle Kingdom – plus hundreds more in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere.A CO2 Coalition white paper by Kathleen Hartnett White and Caleb Rossiter reveals that China now has modern pollutant-scrubbing technology on over 80% of its coal-fired power plants, but no scrubbers at any Chinese-built coal-fired power plants in Africa (or likely anywhere else) – and none anywhere that remove carbon dioxide.Harvard University China specialist Edward Cunningham says China is building, planning, or financing more than 300 coal plants, in places as widespread as Turkey, Egypt, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.India, South Korea, Japan, South Africa, and even Germany are also building hundreds of coal-fired power plants. No matter how many the USA closes down, it won’t make any global difference.Boston University data indicate that China has invested over $50 billion in building new coal plants overseas in recent years, and over a quarter of new coal plants outside the Middle Kingdom have some commitment or offer of funds from Chinese financial institutions.“Why is China placing a global bet on coal?” NPR wonders. That’s a 40 or even 50-year commitment, the life span of coal-fired units.The NPR authors even quote the Stinson Center think tank’s Southeast Asia analyst, who says “it’s not clear when you look at the actual projects China is funding that they are truly Green.” They’re obviously not green, and more is obviously going on than their poor eyesight can perceive.China knows it and the world will need oil, natural gas, and coal for decades to come. It sees “green” as the color of money and is happy to extend credit under terms very favorable to China.Communist Party leaders seek global military and economic power – and global control of electricity generation, raw materials extraction, and manufacturing of wind turbines, solar panels, and battery modules they will sell to address the West’s obsession with the “manmade climate crisis” and “renewable, sustainable” energy.Party leaders also know its production of “green” technologies is a good smokescreen for all this coal power – and few Western governments will dare to criticize China sharply over this or Covid.A recent Global Warming Policy Foundation report lambasts environmentalists (like John Kerry) as “useful idiots” who “praise the scale of Chinese ambition on climate change while paying lip service in criticizing China’s massive coal expansion.”It notes that China rarely honors its international agreements and has no intention of reducing fossil fuel consumption.But what are Africa and other developing nations to do? The West will not fund even clean coal projects that would eliminate pollution from dung and wood fires, while providing reliable, affordable electricity for lights, refrigerators, schools, shops, hospitals, factories, and much more.China will – and despite the heavy price, their demand for energy requires that they get electricity by any means necessary.With 1.1 billion people, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the world’s poorest region, despite massive mineral resources and a young, energetic population with an affinity for entrepreneurship.Dutch economist Wim Naudé says Africa must industrialize, which means it must have affordable, reliable electricity if it is to overcome poverty and disease, create jobs and discourage terrorism.Unfortunately, outrageously, US, EU, UN, and World Bank policies have stymied African energy resource development.As White and Rossiter note, US policies since the Obama era oppose Africans using the continent’s abundant coal and gas to fuel power plants, on the ground that carbon dioxide from fossil fuels might exacerbate climate change.African Energy Chamber executive chairman NJ Ayuk recently reported that the United Kingdom has also decided it will stop funding new oil, gas, and coal projects as of November 4, 2021, the fifth anniversary of the Paris treaty.The decision kowtows to Green opposition to UK Export Finance support for a Mozambique terminal to export low-CO2 emissions liquefied natural gas.Ayuk had been touting natural gas as an increasing option for African power plants, boasting that Africa is home to four of the world’s top 20 crude oil producers (Nigeria, Angola, Algeria, and Libya); Algeria and Nigeria are among the top 20 natural gas producers, and Mozambique also has huge gas reserves.“It is troubling,” Ayuk said, “that an aggressive foreign-funded anti-African energy campaign continues to undermine the potential of making Mozambique an oasis for gas monetization and meeting our increasing energy demands.”Despite this setback, he continued: “We must continue to be unwavering in our commitment to stand up for Africa’s energy sector, its workers, reducing energy poverty, and those free-market values that will make our continent attractive to committed energy investors.”In much of Africa, electricity demand far outstrips supply. “In factories, businesses, government buildings, and wealthy neighborhoods in every African country,” White and Rossiter observe, “a cacophonous symphony of soot-spewing backup diesel engines erupts when the grid goes down, which is usually every day.”In fact, says the World Bank’s International Finance Corporation, many African countries spend more on dirty backup power than on electricity for the grid itself; in West Africa, backup kilowatts equal 40% of total grid kilowatts.In Sudan, which gets 30% of its energy from dams on the Nile River, diesel-based pumps run constantly to lift river water for irrigation, even at the confluence of the Blue and White Niles.In Nigeria, hotels ban guests from jogging because of health dangers from breathing soot from their diesel backup generators, which kick in repeatedly as neighborhoods go dark.In Southern Africa, construction sites simply run generators all day, filling nearby streets with noxious clouds. Universities rely on diesel to run old, inefficient air conditioning units.White and Rossiter note that American clean coal technology, exemplified by the Turk power plant in Arkansas, virtually eliminates health hazards from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates.They urge the U.S. to support proposals by African governments to import this technology, noting that electricity is “the central nervous system of a modern economy and modern life expectancy. Africa’s electricity deficit translates directly into its life-expectancy deficit of 15 years per person.”Millions die needlessly every year, from countless diseases of energy and economic poverty.But under a Biden-Harris Administration, with John Kerry at the forefront, there is little hope that these African and other pleas will be heard.With European allies in myopic puritanical lockstep, China will continue to get a total pass on complying with Green demands – and will have free rein to turn sub-Saharan Africa into a giant Chinese colony, despite the environmental damage, monstrous debt, slave and child labor under horrific workplace conditions, and likely modest benefits to Africans.It is eco-imperialism and eco-manslaughter at its worst. Where are the vaunted guardians of climate and environmental justice?”Duggan Flanakin is Director of Policy Research at the Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow (www.CFACT.org)How China Is Conquering Africa One Coal Plant At A TimeCHINA INDUSTRY DEMANDS INCREASED COAL POWERThe industry group for China’s power sector giants, China Electricity Council, has argued that coal-power capacity “will” reach 1,300GW by 2030, up from 1,050GW today. This target is based on its projections for annual electricity demand and the need for capacity to meet peak loads.A cap of 1,300GW in 2030 would imply the addition of well over 300GW of new coal-fired capacity this decade, after accounting for the retirement of older plants.China Electric Power Planning and Engineering Institute (EPPEI), the authoritative consultancy that has designed most of China’s coal power units and grid infrastructure, warned in June 2019 that 16 provinces in the country should increase new capacity and start working on a new batch of thermal power plants to avoid the possibility of shortages in the next two to three years.The thinktank affiliated with China’s giant grid utility company, State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), stressed the need to maintain coal-power capacity in a July 2019 intervention:“[China] should not close coal power plants at a large scale too soon or too fast and, by around 2030, we should maintain around 1,200GW of coal power to ensure the reliability of the power system, and key power generating regions should retain some backup and reserve capacity.”Analysis: Will China build hundreds of new coal plants in the 2020s?“For awhile it looked like China was moving away from coal toward clean energy, but coal is still a pretty big part of the country’s economy,” says Christine Shearer, the coal program director at the Global Energy Monitor. “We don’t have a lot of time in terms of emission reduction, but clean energy development is happening alongside coal plant construction rather than displacing it.”BUTDANIEL OBERHAUSSCIENCE11.27.2019 07:00 AMChina Is Still Building an Insane Number of New Coal PlantsWhile the rest of the world turns away from the fossil fuel, China is investing big in coal-powered electricity.China Building Hundreds Of Coal-Fired Power Plants Abroad ...www.npr.org › why-is-china-placing-a-global-bet-on-coalApr 29, 2019 — But now it plans to build hundreds of coal plants abroad. ... Forum in Beijing over the weekend, promoting his signature foreign policy of building massive ... But within the past four years, all four stopped burning coal. ... China has made more than $244 billion in energy investments abroad since 2000, much ...Hassyan Clean Coal Project, DubaiThe 2,400MW Hassyan clean coal power station is an ultra-supercritical (USC) power plant being developed in Saih Shuaib, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Plant TypeCoal-fired power plant Location DubaiCapacity 2,400MWEstimated Investment $3.4bnHassyan Energy Company is developing the 2,400MW ultra-supercritical Hassyan clean coal power plant in Dubai. Credit: Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA).Construction of the Hassyan clean coal project began in November 2016 and is expected to be fully completed by 2023. Credit: Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA).The Hassyan power plant will be equipped with Alstom’s (now GE) ultra-supercritical boiler and steam turbine generators. Credit: Alstom.The 2,400MW Hassyan clean coal power station is an ultra-supercritical (USC) power plant being developed in Saih Shuaib, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Upon completion, the project is set to be the first coal-based power plant in the region.Construction of the $3.4bn power plant commenced in November 2016. It will comprise four units of 600MW each, which are expected to start operations in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 respectively, in March of those years.Hassyan Energy Company, which is a joint-venture (JV) between Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA, 51%) and the consortium of ACWA Power, Harbin Electric, and the Silk Road Fund (49%), is the project developer.The project supports the Dubai Clean Energy Strategy 2050, which is aimed at producing environment-friendly energy. The programme aims to produce 25% of energy from solar power, 7% from nuclear power, 7% from clean coal, and the remaining 61% from gas by 2030.The power plant is expected to produce sufficient electricity to power approximately 250,000 households.https://www.power-technology.com/projects/hassyan-clean-coal-project-dubai/Dubai has also set the lofty goal of having the world's lowest carbon footprint in the world by 2050 - something that would be impacted by burning coal.Read more at:Dubai, oil-rich UAE sees a new wonder: A coal power plantLast Updated: Oct 22, 2020, 11:59 AM ISTCarbon dioxide emitted by coal power plants is clean without any pollution.COAL24 March 2020 8:00Analysis: Will China build hundreds of new coal plants in the 2020s?Signs of stimulusMany experts and industry bodies argue for a move away from top-down targets and controls, to investment driven by market forces. However, the spending needed to fuel a new stimulus program can only be mobilized if investment is directed at the behest of the state, rather than the market – as a rule, China does not fund stimulus with on-budget spending, but by directing state-owned enterprises and commercial banks to spend more. In these circumstances, lack of controls on capacity additions runs a high risk of over-investment.For example, efforts to control overcapacity might be vulnerable to the political priority of boosting investment spending to reach economic targets. An indication of this was the loosening of “traffic lights” for new coal-plant approvals, published by the National Energy Administration in February.The traffic light policy was first introduced in January 2017 to prevent provinces with overcapacity from permitting new projects. A year ago, however, 21 of China’s 31 provincial grids included in the policy were given a “green light”. Last month this increased to 25, as the figure below shows.Locations and sizes (megawatts, shown by the size of each circle) of new coal-fired power capacity in the pipeline in China. The maps are colour coded according to the “traffic light” status of the relevant provincial grid, with red meaning new capacity cannot receive permits to move ahead towards construction. Source: Global Energy Monitor and NEA. Figure: Authors.The change is significant, as the four additional greenlighted grid regions have a total of 34GW of coal-fired capacity in the pipeline.According to data from Global Energy Monitor, the traffic light loosening is already apparent in new project activity in 2019, with construction started or restarted on another 18GW of capacity, while 37GW of previously inactive projects have been revived.Furthermore, the past weeks have seen the announcement of major infrastructure programmes and other stimulus to offset the economic impacts from the coronavirus, but so far no mention of initiatives prioritising clean energy or other green investment.The focus on stimulating the economy with major investment – and a recent shift of emphasis towards energy security (below) – appear to cast aside concerns about overcapacity and financial viability.Some have interpreted Chinese premier Li Keqiang’s remarks at an October 2019 event as a signal of support for coal-power expansion. At the conference a “new energy security strategy” was formulated, in which the core role of coal was emphasised more strongly than renewable energy.This was widely interpreted as a retreat to coal in the face of energy security concerns, following the trade war with the US. However, China’s energy security fears mainly relate to oil – and, to a lesser degree, gas.Analysis: Will China build hundreds of new coal plants in the 2020s?China virtually alone in backing Africa’s dirty coal projectsWorkers unload imported coal at a port in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, China, in December. A retreat from financial institutions in developed countries has paved the way for Chinese companies to invest in the coal industry in Africa. | VIA REUTERSBLOOMBERGSHAREMay 7, 2020For more than two decades, Zimbabwe has been trying to break ground on a giant coal-power complex near the world’s biggest man-made reservoir. Now, China has agreed to get the $4.2 billion project underway.The development, near the southern shore of Lake Kariba, is good news for Zimbabwe, where a collapsing economy and erratic policies have deterred foreign investment for the past 20 years.But it flies in the face of a growing global consensus that has seen financial institutions from Japan to the U.S. and Europe shun investments in coal projects. That retreat leaves the way open for Chinese companies — many with state backing — even at the risk of undermining the spirit of China’s international commitments to fight climate change.“We are very pleased that the project is going ahead, especially as major banks in the world are forced to stop financing coal-fired power stations,” Caleb Dengu, chairman of RioZim Energy, the company that owns the project, said in a response to questions. “This is testimony of Chinese commitment to development projects in Africa. The Chinese are interested in joining hands.”China is certainly in need of friends: A global backlash is building over Beijing’s handling of the coronavirus outbreak first identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan — evidence of a deficit of trust that was compounded by incidents of racism toward Africans in the southern city of Guangzhou last month.RELATED STORIESSumitomo Mitsui and Mizuho to end lending for new coal-fired plantsNearly half of global coal plants will be unprofitable this year, study showsYet pumping money into coal just underlines China’s creeping isolation in backing plants that generate large quantities of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.For financial institutions, “the ever-increasing reputational risk of funding a project like this, and the high likelihood that it would end up as a stranded asset, should make them very wary of getting involved,” said Tracey Davies, director of Cape Town-based shareholder activist organization, Just Share.In fact, the Chinese government promised back in 2017 to green its Belt and Road Initiative overseas construction plan, to promote environment-friendly development in line with United Nations goals. President Xi Jinping pledged last year that the program must be green and sustainable.Nonetheless, Chinese companies and banks are involved in financing at least 13 coal projects across the continent with another nine in the pipeline, according to data compiled by Greenpeace. Since 2000, the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China alone have supplied $51.8 billion of finance for coal projects globally, according to the Boston University Global Development Policy Center.“Despite promises to shift support to green and low-carbon energy, Chinese banks have continued to bankroll coal power projects,” said Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst for the Centre for Energy Research and Clean Air, an independent research body. “China has enormous state-owned thermal-power manufacturing and engineering firms that rely on overseas deals to stay in business.”President Xi regularly mentions China’s commitment to multilateralism through fighting climate change as a signatory of the Paris Agreement. China, however, is unlikely to divest from coal anytime soon. Despite hefty investment in renewable energy over the past decade, China still mines and burns about half the world’s coal.China has undoubtedly made progress domestically. By 2018, China had exceeded its target for reducing CO2 emissions, Foreign Minister Wang Yi told the U.N. climate action summit in New York in September. He touted increases in non-fossil fuel use and in forestation along with sales of some 1.25 million electric cars that year. But now, as it claws its way out of the pandemic-induced slump, Beijing has started to roll back restrictions on industrial pollution and slash subsidies for cleaner energy.There shouldn’t be a “one-size-fits-all approach” for green development in poorer nations, but rather the decision should be based on a host country’s natural resources, according to Yu Zirong, a vice director at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, a think tank affiliated with the Ministry of Commerce.“For countries with rich coal resources, it is impossible to completely forbid them using coal,” said Yu, who spoke at a forum on sustainable Belt and Road Initiative in October in Beijing. “The key is how to use them more reasonably.”China’s agreement to invest is a rare win for Zimbabwe, which is currently subject to power cuts of as long as 18 hours a day as it doesn’t produce enough electricity to meet demand and can’t afford to pay for adequate imports.The project was initially owned by London-based miner Rio Tinto Group, the one-time parent of RioZim Ltd, which in turn owns Riozim Energy. It was set aside as Zimbabwe’s relations with the U.K., its former colonizer, deteriorated. After the project was revived in 2016, General Electric Co. and a unit of Blackstone Group LP didn’t pursue initial inquiries, according to Dengu, the company’s chairman.Power Construction Corp. of China, the state-owned company known as PowerChina, has been contracted to build the first phase of the plant known as Sengwa, which includes a 700 megawatt generation unit, as well as a pipeline from Kariba Dam to bring the water needed and power lines at a total cost of $1.2 billion. Funding is likely to come from Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, while China Export and Credit Insurance Corp., or Sinosure, may provide the country risk cover needed, according to Dengu. Both are owned by the Chinese government.Repeated calls to ICBC and Sinosure went unanswered. PowerChina said it didn’t have information on the Zimbabwe project at the moment. It had no comment on the possible climate impact of its involvement in overseas coal-related projects.Last month a deal was signed for the rest of the project, which will add a further 2,100 megawatts at a cost of $3 billion. China Gezhouba Group, which is partly state-owned, will develop the project and lead fund raising, Dengu said. The company didn’t respond to calls or an email request for comment.“The Chinese are looking at the business opportunity,” said Dengu. “We bring the market knowledge and management capacity, they bring the finance and the technology.”Rio Energy had few other options. European banks no longer fund coal projects and over the last year the biggest banks in South Africa have committed to reducing their coal funding under pressure from shareholders. Morgan Stanley and Citigroup Inc. are also among those looking to curb or halt project financing for coal-related projects.While the Zimbabwean project is sizable among those being considered by Chinese companies, it is not the biggest. PowerChina has signed a memorandum of agreement with South Africa’s Limpopo provincial government to build a power plant of at least 3,000 megawatts at a cost of $4.5 billion.Not all are welcomed by local communities.Sengwa would draw water from Kariba, a reservoir already so depleted by recurrent droughts attributed to climate change that its hydropower turbines operate at a fraction of their capacity. The South African government is facing a lawsuit because coal-fired power plants there cause some of the world’s worst air pollution.“It’s a fading industry,” said Han Chen, who manages the international energy policy program at the New York-based National Resources Defense Council. “So they are going places where the environmental standards are low so they can use more polluting equipment that is cheaper to operate.”Of 11 coal projects in Africa she tracks that are likely to get foreign support, 10 involve Chinese state-owned entities.As banks in other countries, including Japan and South Korea, snub coal, those projects will increasingly rely on China.“Chinese banks will find themselves increasingly alone in funding new coal plants, both at home and around the world,” said Christine Shearer, director of the coal program at Global Energy Monitor.China virtually alone in backing Africa’s dirty coal projectsIdentification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature record.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 中国气象科学研究院New research confirms the view of leading climate scientists and scholars that trace amounts of Co2 emissions are not destabilizing the planet. Co2 is essential plant food and therefore green energy.The authors Geli Wang & Peicai Yang and Xiuji Zhou are scientists at the CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 中国气象科学研究院ANTHROPOGENIC (human activity). The driving forces are“the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle and the Hale sunspot cycle, respectively.”The title of the study published in the prestigious NATURE Journal is: Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature recordhttps://www.nature.com/articles/...Their study confirms THE DRIVING FORCES OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE ARE NATURALThe “driving forces” of climate change are natural and not Co2 plant food emissions. A new Chinese study confirms climate change comes from natural cycles. This research is based on the longest actual temperature data of more than 400 years from 1659 to 2013, including the period of anthropogenic warming.AbstractThe identification of causal effects is a fundamental problem in climate change research. Here, a new perspective on climate change causality is presented using the central England temperature (CET) dataset, the longest instrumental temperature record, and a combination of slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis. The driving forces of climate change were investigated and the results showed two independent degrees of freedom —a 3.36-year cycle and a 22.6-year cycle, which seem to be connected to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle and the Hale sunspot cycle, respectively. [Emphasis added]. Moreover, these driving forces were modulated in amplitude by signals with millennial timescales.James Matkin 
This research is very relevant and should make climate alarmists pause in their crusade against Co2 emissions from fossil fuels. Far too much focus on Co2 like a one trick pony in a big tent circus where solar radiation is a more compelling show. The thrust of recent research has demonstrated that climate changes continually and is determined by natural forces that humans have no significant control over. Many leading scientists have presented research of other "driving forces" and cautioned against the arrogance of many that "the science is settled." See Judith Curry of the Georgia Institute of Technology and blogger at Climate Etc. talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about climate change. Curry argues that climate change is a "wicked problem" with a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the expected damage as well as the political and technical challenges of dealing with the phenomenon. She emphasizes the complexity of the climate and how much of the basic science remains incomplete. The conversation closes with a discussion of how concerned citizens can improve their understanding of climate change and climate change policy.
http://www.econtalk.org/arc...https://www.nature.com/articles/...JAMES MATKIN•2017-08-23 10:03 PMThe great failure of the Paris accord is the failure to accept that the IPCC Al Gore hypothesis of anthropogenic warming is not settled science. Indeed, none of the predictions of doom have occurred. New research confirms the view of leading climate scientists and scholars that trace amounts of Co2 emissions are not destabilizing the planet. Co2 is essential plant food and therefore green energy. The “driving force” of climate change is natural and not Co2 plant food emissions. A new Chinese study confirms climate change comes from natural cycles. This research is based on the longest actual temperature data of more than 400 years from 1659 to 2013, including the period of anthropogenic warming. The authors Geli Wang & Peicai Yang and Xiuji Zhou are scientists at the CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 中国气象科学研究院 Their study confirms THE DRIVING FORCES OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE ARE NOT ANTHROPOGENIC (human activity). The driving forces are “the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle and the Hale sunspot cycle, respectively.” The title of the study published in the prestigious NATURE Journal is: Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature record Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature record This means that climate change cannot be stopped as Paris attendees believed. Co2 is very beneficial plant food and we need more not less. Why climate change is good for the world | The Spectator It is good news for civilization that the Paris targets are not being met around thttps://www.nature.com/news/prov...29 Apr 2020China to Help Build $3 Billion Coal Plant in ZimbabweCategoryStoriesCountryZimbabweTagsEnergy Access, Finance and Investment, Fossil FuelsSourcehttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-28/riozim-seals-3-billion-zimba…Zimbabwe’s Rio Energy Ltd., a unit of RioZim Ltd., will build a 2,100 megawatt thermal power plant with China Gezhouba Group Corp in northern Zimbabwe at a projected cost of $3 billion, Rio Energy said Monday.“CGGC will develop the project and assist with the fund raising,” Caleb Dengu, chairman of Rio Energy Ltd said last week. The power plant at Sengwa will be constructed in four phases of about 700 megawatts each, bringing total capacity to 2,800 megawatts.“We have coal reserves to support a 10,000 megawatt plant at Sengwa,” Dengu said.A 250 kilometer (155-mile) pipeline will carry water from Lake Kariba to Sengwa. The pipeline, and a 420 kilovolt-ampere power line, will be built by PowerChina, said Dengu. The first phase of the project will cost about $1.2 billion, he added.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has given a formal expression of interest in the project and is negotiating with Sinosure, also known as the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp, to cover country risk insurance costs, Dengu told Bloomberg.Zimbabwe generates and imports about 1,300 megawatts of electricity, short of its 2,200 megawatt demand. Daily power outages have hampered industrial capacity for almost two decades.A two-year drought blighted the country’s Kariba thermal power plant by draining the reservoir, while aging equipment at its main Hwange thermal plant causes incessant breakdowns and outages that see many consumers receiving only eight hours of power a day.RioZim was spun off from Rio Tinto Plc in 2004. London-based Rio initially retained a stake in diamond mines and Sengwa before selling those to RioZim in 2015.China to Help Build $3 Billion Coal Plant in ZimbabweCHINA HAS BLIND SIDED THE WEST AND THE WEST IS CAUSING DEVASTATING ECONOMIC DAMAGE TO PREVENT A FAKE CLIMATE PROBLEM.I affirm this QUORA answer by Dr. John Walker.John WalkerNovember 28I have written a 500+ page treatise skeptical of CAGWQUORA QUESTION“Is China's carbon neutrality pledge by 2060 nonsense? Are they simply trying to buy decades worth of time to ignore the complaints of the rest of the world during this period, if so, are they in the right since the US also depends on fossil fuels?“Yes, of course.Anyone who believes anything the Communist Chinese pledge is a fool.But I doubt the Chinese have bought into the scam being promoted by climate alarmists using the unproven hypothesis that human emissions of CO2 are leading to catastrophic global warming. So, indeed, they are taking the logical approach to energy, continuing to increase their wealth and prosperity by utilizing cheap fossil fuels to power their enormous growth. They no doubt laugh at Western nations which are wasting $trillions on unproven dangers of future climate change while they build up their massive military, buy up mineral rights and mines around the world, infiltrate Western nations to steal crucial industrial and military secrets, etc.it’s also likely that the Chinese superficially and deceitfully promote CAGW and renewables to help ensure that Western nations continue to waste their wealth on this scam.Unfortunately, if the Democrats gain control of both Houses of Congress and the White House, then the US will join these other ignorant nations, wasting even more limited resources on an unproven future problem while watching numerous known current existential problems (hunger, violence, pollution and over-fishing of our oceans, infectious and other diseases, inadequate housing, sanitation and clean water, decaying infrastructure, etc.) go unsolved.You may want to learn to speak Chinese.”