National Food Service Management Institute The University Of: Fill & Download for Free

Food science & technology is the branch of applied sciences that combines the fundamentals of biochemistry, physical sciences and chemical engineering to study the physical, chemical and biological nature of food items. In simple words, food science (or food technology) deals with the manufacturing, processing, treatment, preservation, and distribution of food.The ultimate objective of food science is to understand the principles of food processing and to improve the food quality for the general public. Whatever food item (especially packaged ones) you come across in the supermarket (or retail store), has had some contributions from a food scientist, food technologist or food engineer. Careers in food science and technology require significant formal education. Food scientists and food technologists conduct tests and experiments to try to optimize food production. They typically hold at least a bachelor's degree.Food science & technology is the study of how to optimize agricultural output, while food technology is the implementation of those improvements. The majority of food scientists and technologists work in research capacities for labs, companies or universities, but a considerable number of positions are also available in manufacturing industries. Careers in food science and technology afford researchers the opportunity to make a tangible impact on the healthfulness of people's diets around the world. Strong academic backgrounds in chemistry, biology, engineering, genetics and other relevant sciences can be parlayed into food science and technology positions in a variety of settings. Food scientists and technologists are employed by the government and food-processing industries, as well as by universities, where they occupy research positions.Food ScientistsFood scientists research how to improve existing methods of food packaging and processing. This can include studying a food's nutritional content and investigating alternative sources of food and ways to purify foods containing additives. Many focus on the manufacturing aspect of food and determine how best to process and store food products. All food scientists must be conscious of government regulations on food processing, but specific positions exist for those who want to make a career of food processing inspection.Food TechnologistsAlthough the functions of food scientists and food technologists often overlap, the latter is more immediately concerned with product development. Those specializing in biotechnology have opportunities to work on genetic engineering of plants and crops or explore how agricultural products can be transformed into fuel sources (biofuels). Nanotechnology is being used successfully to test the content of food, targeting especially the presence of harmful contaminants. Like food scientists, food technologists must be capable of working independently, as well as with a team. Workers often begin as part of a research group, with the possibility of promotions to managerial positions.Growing Demand of Food Science & Technology ProfessionalsRelatively Food Science is still a very new discipline, and it is growing due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes worldwide. Being a branch of applied sciences, Food Science is very multi-disciplinary in nature, just like Biomedical Science, Pharmacy or Translational Science.Food Science involves chemistry (organic, inorganic and physical), biochemistry, microbiology, nutrition, chemical and process engineering. The holy grail of food science lies within the understanding of the chemistry and biochemistry of food components like proteins, carbohydrate, fats, minerals, vitamins and water. So, the field needs highly qualified and trained Food Scientists. Apart from quality, factors like safety and nutrition value also need to be kept in mind. Therefore, there is a growing market demand for more advancements and sophistication in the field of food science and technology globally.Educational RequirementsUndergraduates can expect to take an assortment of rigorous courses covering chemistry, biology, calculus, statistics, nutrition and health. Students are also frequently required to take classes on writing and oral expression, since food scientists often perform advisory functions for the government or food processing companies.Food scientists and technologists seeking positions with private companies are considered qualified with a bachelor's degree, but those who hope to work at universities will need a master's or doctorate (Ph.D.). Food scientists and technologists don't need a license to practice.Ideally you need to have Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (PCB) combination in your 10+2, and may be Mathematics as well. At Bachelors level, ideal courses are 3-year or 4-year degree courses in Food Science, Food Technology, Food Science and Technology, or Food Science and Agriculture.To have a career in R&D, QC and QA, you will require a higher degree (Masters or PhD). You can gain more advantage by pursuing a higher degree from abroad. If you are more inclined towards the sales and marketing (product/brand management) roles then an MBA will be very helpful.In case you want to pursue a career as a Nutritionist or Dietician, a formal degree after Bachelors is not always necessary. You can do a Certificate or PG Diploma course in Nutrition or Dietetics.Why Pursue a Career in Food Science & TechnologyThe food industry is one of the largest in the world. People will never stop to eat (essential for survival). Hence, it will be in demand always, and recession-proof.You can choose any role within the food industry – behind the desk or in the lab. You can choose any function – R&D, Manufacturing, Quality Control, Sales & Marketing, Teaching and Consulting within the Government, Industry or Academia.Growth of food industry in India is 10 to 15 percent per annum. Presently, more than 350 colleges are teaching food technology, still the requirement of Food Technologists is not fulfilled. Presently, supply is less than demand. Food Technology is a vast subject. Popular avenues for employment in food industry are:Biscuits & BakeryCereals & pulses productsFish & meat productsPoultry & egg productsFruit & vegetable productsAlcoholic beveragesNon-alcoholic beveragesPickles/papadsJams, jelliesSauces & ketchupPasta & noodlesReady meals/instant mixesSpices & spice mixesConfectionary & chocolatesSnack foodsFrozen & chilled foodsDehydrated foodsIrradiated foodsTea/coffeeFermented foodsOils & fatsDairy productsIndian sweets & namkeen-In a SSE, a Food Technologist can become Technical Head.-In a MSE, a Food Technologist can become Divisional head i.e. Production Head, QA Head or R&D head.-In a LSE, a Food Technologist can become Manager from Executive level of joining.Degree courses in advanced food technology, legal aspects, management etc, will give opportunity to grow even up to CEO level.Popular Sectors for Employment• Food Manufacturing & Processing (Grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, meat etc.)• FMCG• Pharma-Biotech• Agro-Biotech• Dairy Firms• Poultry Firms• Bakeries & Confectionaries• Breweries• Retailers• Healthcare• Academia & Research Institutes• Food PackagingPopular Career Paths & Job Profiles in the Food Industry• Research & Development (Food Scientist, Food Technologist, Food Chemist, Product Development Specialist)• Quality Control & Assurance (Food Chemist, Food Inspector, Toxicologist)• Food Processing (Food Processor, Process Development Specialist, Manufacturing Specialist, Food Production Manager)• Sales, Marketing & Brand Management (various roles like other industries)• Others (Dietician, Nutritionist, Animal Nutritionist, Diet & Fitness Counselor)Top Academic & Research Institutes in IndiaCentral Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI)National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM)Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (IICPT)National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI)Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre (FDTRC)Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL)National Institute of Nutrition (NIN)Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR)Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry UniversityInternational Life Sciences Institute – India (ILSI)IISER – PuneBhaba Atomic Research CentreIISc BangaloreNational Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)Department of Food Science and Nutrition, SNDT Women’s UniversityAmrita University (Research Projects)Centre for Food Science & Technology, Sambalpur UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, JNUAgricultural & Food Engineering Department, IIT KharagpurNational Research Centre on Meat / Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchFaculty of Food Safety and QualityCentral Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology (CIPHET)Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI)National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD)Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI)Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR)Department of Zoology, University of DelhiNational Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIAM)Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE)I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical UniversityKarpagam UniversityCCS Haryana Agriculture UniversityB. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologySchool of Health Sciences, University of CalicutDept. of Food Process Engineering, SRM UniversityTop Universities in AbroadUniversities in USA• Cornell University• University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign• Texas A&M University• UC Davis• University of Florida• University of Missouri• Michigan State University• Iowa State University• Purdue University• University of Wisconsin-Madison• Oklahoma State University• University of Massachusetts Amherst• Pennsylvania State University• Ohio State University• Clemson University• University of Minnesota• Southern Illinois University Carbondale• Mississippi State University• North Carolina State University• Illinois Institute of Technology• Colorado State University• Virginia Tech• California State University long Beach• California State University Los Angeles• University of Arkansas• New York University• Tufts University• Drexel University• University of Connecticut• Kansas State University• University of Idaho• Oregon State University• Washington State University• Texas Tech University• University of Delaware• University of Georgia• University of Tennessee• Rutgers, State University of New Jersey• Utah State University• Brigham Young University• Bowling Green State University• Florida State UniversityUniversities in UK• University of Leeds• University of Reading• University of Surrey• Heriot Watt University• University of Central Lancashire• Glasgow Caledonian University• University of Nottingham• Teesside University• University of Exeter• University of Chester• University of Greenwich• London South Bank University• Sheffield Hallam University• Cardiff Metropolitan University• London Metropolitan UniversityOther countries• University College Dublin• University College Cork• Dublin Institute of Technology• University of Copenhagen• Denmark Technical University• Aarhus University• Norwegian University of Science and Technology• Wageningen University• KU Leuven• Ghent University• ETH Zurich• Bern University of Applied Sciences• Swiss German University• Lund University• University of Gothenburg• University of Auckland• Massey University• Auckland University of Technology• University of Otago• University of Queensland• Curtin University• RMIT University• Victoria University• University of Melbourne• University of New South Wales• University of British Columbia• Dalhousie University• University of Guelph• McGill University• University of Manitoba• Carleton University• Saskatchewan University• National University of SingaporeSalary Structures in the Food Industry in IndiaAs a fresher, a Food Technologist can earn INR Rs 2 to 3 lakh per annum (average) in India.Within 5 years, you can reach INR 500,000 – 640,000 per annum. With an experience of 10 years on your CV, you can expect annual package of INR 900,000 – 1,180,000.The salary structure for professionals within the Manufacturing function could be 20% (approximately) less than those in the R&D or QC/QA function. If you enjoy lot of frequent traveling, then go for the roles of Food Inspector.Academic roles will pay as per the University pay scales. Then there will be more extra incentives as well for Sales & Marketing professionals. For nutritionist and dieticians, median annual wage is INR 210,000 for fresher; and Nutrition Managers can earn INR 750,000 per annum (average). As a nutritionist or diet counselor, you can also do freelancing.If you end up in the Sales & Marketing (including Brand Management) role, the salary levels will be 20 – 25% higher than the R&D and QC/QA professionals.Scope of Food Industry in IndiaThe Indian Food Industry is currently valued at USD $39.71 billion, and the value is likely to reach USD $65.4 billion by 2018 (Govt. of India and IBEF).According to DIPP, the Indian Food Processing sector has received around USD $6.7 billion as FDI between April 2000 and December 2015. The investments are poised to reach the value of USD $33 million in the next 10 years.Besides the investment factor, the opportunity factor is also there – as per the data from the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, 42% of the Indian Food Processing Industry is still unorganized (D&B) – so opportunities are also there for prospective entrepreneurs. Overall, signs are very promising for the future within the food industry. Here is an infographic from IBEF to give you another overview.Here are few key points as quoted on the IBEF and MakeInIndia website:• India ranked 6th in the World in exports of agricultural products in 2013• India has got 2nd largest arable land in the world, and possesses 20 agri-climatic regions with all 15 possible major climates, and 46 of 60 possible soil types in the world• The contribution of the food processing sector to the GDP in 2012-13 was INR 845.22 Billion• Food Processing Industry is one of the major employment intensive sectors in India, contributing 13.04% of employment generated in all Registered Factory sector in 2012-13• Food is the biggest expense for an urban and rural Indian household constituting share of 38.5% and 48.6% of the total consumption expenditure of households in 2011-12 respectively• Rising income levels, affluence and a growing middle-class, along with a population size of 1.22 billion of which 604 million were under the age of 24 in 2011, is likely to increase India’s overall food consumption• One-third of the population will be living in urban areas by 2020 and there will be increasing desire for branded, packaged and ready-to-eat food items• Food Processing has been recognized as a priority sector, and Government had announced setting up of special fund of INR 2,000 Crore (2014-15) in NABARD to designated food parks and the individual processing units in the designated food parks at concessional rates• Services of pre-conditioning, pre-cooling, ripening, waxing, retail packing, labeling of fruits and vegetables have been exempted from Service Tax• Lot of exemptions and rebates are available on Transportation Costs, Income Tax, Profit Tax, Service Tax, Custom Duty and Central Excise Duty for the Food Processing sector• Various investment opportunities are available, including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in addition to infrastructure such as cold storage, abattoirs and food parks• 100% FDI is permitted in the automatic route for most food products, and RBI has classified loan to food & agro-based processing units for Priority Sector Lending (PSL) subject to aggregate sanctioned limit of INR 100 Crore per borrower• Many foreign players from all around the globe are showing huge interest to invest in the Indian Food Processing sector; notable ones are Kraft (USA), Mars (USA), Nestle (Switzerland), McCain (Canada), Danone (France), Ferrero (Italy), Kelloggs (USA), Pepsi (USA), Coca Cola (USA), Hindustan Unilever (Anglo-Dutch), Heinz (USA), Hershey (USA)• Last but not the least – there is enough room, and in fact, demand for Food Tech Startups. There have been many players in the Food Tech domain. But, all of them have been working on the verticals like Discovery, E-Commerce (Ordering/Booking) and Delivery (logistics). I haven’t come across a major player who is actually working on “Food”. There is enough room for innovation and value creation in this segment.There is great scope for Food Technologists. Study well, read and be clear about fundamental principles. Be sincere. You are dealing with food, so do not compromise on quality. Food safety is most important.Welcome Aboard……Waiting to receive you in the food fraternity…..All the best!Thanks Ms. Shweta Gautam for A2A.EDIT 1: JUST FOR LAUGHS……FOOD SERVICES……..JUST FOR LAUGHS……..FOOD ENTERPRISE START-UP IDEA……..

Many CEOs and founders did not graduate from college. A recent survey of the Fortune 500 identified 35 CEOs who did not graduate. Here are a few notables from the world of business, past and present, who did not have college degrees when they were building their businesses (some went back later or receved honorary degrees). Indeed, quite a few dropped out of high school, or even elementary school.HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL DROPOUTSAaron Levie, founder of Box.net. Dropped out of the University of California.Aaron Levine, founder of Club Monaco (fashion). Dropped out of Virginia Tech.Adam Passey, CEO of IGN (entertainment). No degree.Al Schneider, founder of Schneider National freight. Finished eighth-grade.Alan Gerry, billionaire (cable television). Dropped out of high school.Alan Jones, CEO Check Into Cash and Credit Bureau Services. Dropped out of Tennessee State.Albert Lasker, CEO of Lord & Thomas (advertising). High school graduate.Albert Ueltschi, billionaire, CEO of FlightSafety (training). Dropped out of the University of Kentucky.Alfred Taubman, CEO of TCO (shopping malls). Dropped out of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Amancio Ortega Gaona, billionaire, CEO Inditex Group/Zara (fashion). Did not attend college.Amon G. Carter (oil, newspapers). Finished only seventh grade.Andrew Carnegie, industrialist. Left school at 13 to work in a factory.Andrew Perlman, founder of GreatPoint and Cignal Global Communications. Dropped out of Washington University.Andy Wachowski, writer/director/producer (film). Dropped out of Emerson College.Angelo Sotira, CEO of DMusic and deviantART. Never enrolled in college.Arash Ferdowsi, cofounder, DropBox.com. Dropped out of MIT.Ashley Qualls, CEO of Whateverlife.com. Dropped out of high school at 15.Aviv Hadar, CEO of Think Brilliant. College dropout.Azim Premji, billionaire, chairman of Wipro. Dropped out of Stanford.Barry Diller, billionaire, CEO of IAC, Ask.com, Ticketmaster, CitySearch, Evite, LendingTree. Dropped out of UCLA.Ben Kaufman, CEO of Kluster (tech). Dropped out of college.Benedikt Taschen, CEO of Taschen (publishing). Did not attend university.Betty Mattas James, CEO, James Industry (toys). Dropped out of Penn State.Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft. Dropped out of Harvard.Bram Cohen, developer of BitTorrent. Left SUNY Buffalo after one year.Brandon Sargent, co-founder of EcoScraps. Dropped out of Brigham Young.Carl Lindner, billionaire, CEO of Chiquita Brands. Dropped out of high school at 14.Charles Culpeper, CEO of Coca Cola. High school drop out.Charles Forman, founder of iminlikewithyou (web). Did not attend college.Chris Morrison, co-founder PLP Digital Systems (software). Dropped out of high school.Christine Comaford-Lynch, CEO of Artemis (venture capital). Dropped out of U.C. San Diego.Coco Chanel (fashion). Left orphanage to become a singer. No college.Craig Martineau, co-founder of EcoScraps. Dropped out of Brigham Young.Craig McCaw, billionaire, CEO of McCaw Cellular (phones). Dropped out of college.Dale Stephens, founder of Uncollege.org. Dropped out of Hendrix College.Dan Lok, CEO of Quick Turn (marketing). College dropout.Dan Panoz, founder of Panoz Auto Development (design) Dropped out of Embry-Riddle.Dan Ushman, co-founder of SingleHop (web hosting). Dropped out of college to found MidPhase.Daniel Ek, cofounder of Spotify. Dropped out of Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.Daniel Snyder, billionaire, CEO of Snyder Communications and Red Zone Capital, owner of Washington Redskins. Dropped out of University of Maryland.Darwin Deason, billionaire, CEO of ACS (business service outsourcing). Graduated from high school.Dave Thomas, billionaire, founder of Wendy's (fast food). Left high school at 15.David Geffen, billionaire, founder of Geffen Records/DreamWorks. Dropped out of the University of Texas.David Green, billionaire, CEO of Hobby Lobby. Did not go to college.David Karp, founder of Tumblr. Dropped out of Bronx Science high school.David Neeleman, founder of JetBlue (airline). Dropped out of the University of Utah.David Oreck, CEO of Oreck (vacuum cleaners). Did not go tocollege.David Sarnoff, producer (radio and TV) Dropped out of high school.DeWitt Wallace, CEO of Reader's Digest. Dropped out of Macalester College and U.C. Berkeley.Dean Kamen, inventor of the Segway. Dropped out of Worcester Polytechnic.Dean White, billionaire (hotels). Dropped out of the University of Nebraska.Debbi Fields, founder of Mrs. Fields Cookies. Did not graduate college.Dennis Albaugh, chairman of Albaugh (pesticides), founder of FIRST robotics competition. Has only AA degree from Des Moines Area Community College.Diane Hendricks, billionaire, CEO of ABC Supply (contractor supplies). Did not attend college.Don Newhouse, billionaire, publisher. Dropped out of Syracuse University.Donna Karan (fashion). Dropped out of Parsons School of Design.Dov Charney, CEO American Apparel. Did not attend college.Drew Sementa, CEO of Premier Payment Systems. Left the University of Central Florida.Dustin Moskovitz, billionaire, co-founder of Facebook. Dropped out of Harvard.Eden Full, CEO of Roseicollis Technologies. Dropped out of Princeton.Edgar Bronfman Jr., billionaire, CEO of Seagram (liquor). Did not go to college.Edmond Safra, billionaire (banking). High school dropout.Felix Dennis, CEO of Alpha Media Group/Maxim (magazines). Left school at 15.Forrest Lucas, CEO of Lucas Oil Products. Left school at 15.François Pinault, billionaire owner of Gucci, Puma, Christie's auction house. Dropped out of high school.Frederick “Freddy” Laker, billionaire (airlines). Dropped out of high school.George Eastman, founder of Kodak. Dropped out of high school.George Naddaff, founder of Boston Market (food). Never attended college.George Romney, CEO of GM (automobiles), father of Mitt Romney. Was at the University of Utah for one year.Greg Stemm, co-founder of Odyssey (shipwrecks). Dropped out of New College of Florida.Gurbaksh Chahal, founder of Click Again and BlueLithium (advertising). Left school at 16.H. Wayne Huizenga, billionaire, CEO of WMX (scavenger), Blockbuster (video), owner of Miami Dolphins. Dropped out of Calvin College.Haim Saban, billionaire, producer of Power Rangers/Univision. Did not attend college.Haroldson Lafayette Hunt, billionaire (oil). Finished fifth grade.Harry Macklowe, billionaire (real estate) Dropped out of college.Hyman Golden, cofounder of Snapple (beverages). High school dropout.Ingvar Kamprad, billionaire, CEO of IKEA (furniture). Did not attend college.J. Paul Getty, billionaire (oil). Dropped out of USC.Jack Crawford Taylor, billionaire, CEO of Enterprise (car rentals). Dropped out of Washington University.Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter, Square. Dropped out of NYU.Jack Kent Cooke, billionaire (media), owner of Washington Redskins. High school dropout.Jake Nickell, CEO of Treadless.com. Did not graduate from college.James Leprino, billionaire, Leprino Foods. Finished only high school.Jared Kim, founder of WeGame. Dropped out of U.C. Berkeley.Jay Van Andel, billionaire, CEO of Amway. High school graduate.Jeffrey Kalmikoff, CCO of Treadless.com. Did not graduated college.Jeno Paulucci, CEO of Chun King/Jeno's (food). Left school at 16.Jim Danielson, CEO of Makt Systems. Dropped out of Purdue University.Jim Newton, founder of TechShop/MythBusters. Dropped out of college.Joe Cirulli, CEO of GHFC (fitness). Dropped out of Corning Community College.John Carmack, CEO of Armadillo Aerospace, Id Software. Left University of Missouri without degree.John Catsimatidis, billionaire, CEO of Red Apple Group and Gristedes (food). Dropped out of NYU.John Collison, co-founder of Stripe. Dropped out of Harvard.John Hewitt, CEO of Jackson Hewitt (tax preparation). College dropout.John Johannesson, founder of Bauger Group (fashion). Did not get 4-year degree.John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods. Dropped out of the University of Texas multipe times.John Paul DeJoria, CEO of Paul Mitchell Systems (hair products). Did not go to college.John Pestana, co-founder of MyComputer.com/Omniture. Dropped out of Brigham Young.Johnny Earle, CEO of Johnny Cupcakes. Did not graduate college.Jon Lech Johansen, CEO of DoubleTwist. Dropped out of high school at 15.Josh James, co-founder of Omniture. Dropped out of Brigham Young.Joyce C. Hall, founder of Hallmark (greeting cards). Did not attend college.Justin Frankel, developer of WinAmp, Gnutella. Dropped out of the University of Utah.Kemmons Wilson, founder of Holiday Inn. Dropped out of high school.Kenny Johnson, founder, Dial-A-Waiter (restaurant delivery service). Dropped out of Wichita State University.Kevin Paul, CEO of KPaul (tech). Did not go to college.Kevin Rose, CEO of Digg.com (media). Dropped out of the University of Las Vegas.Kip Tindell, CEO of Container Store. Dropped out of the University of Texas.Kirk Kerkorian, billionaire, CEO of TWA, MGM, Mirage, Mandalay Bay Resorts. Dropped out of eighth grade.Kjell Inge Rokke, Norwegian billionaire. Did not attend high school.Larry Ellison, billionaire, CEO of Oracle (software). Dropped out of the University of Chicago.Larry Wachowski, writer/director/producer (film). Dropped out of Bard CollegeLeandro Rizzuto, billionaire, founder of Conair. Dropped out of college to invent hair dryer.Leonardo Del Vecchio, CEO of Luxottica (glasses). Did not go to college.Li Ka-Shing, billionaire (plastics, real estate). Left school at 12 to support family.Lillian Hochberg, CEO of Lillian Vernon (catalog sales). Did not go to college.Louis Renault, founder of Renault (automobiles). Failed college entrance exams.Marc Rich, billionaire, founder of Philbro and Marc Rich & Co. (commodities). Dropped out of NYU.Marcus Loew, CEO of Loews movie theaters and MGM. Dropped out of grade school.Mark Ecko, founder Mark Ecko Enterprises (clothing). Dropped out of Rutgers University.Mark Zuckerberg, billionaire, CEO of Facebook. Dropped out of Harvard.Markus Frind, founder of Plenty of Fish (dating). Graduated from two-year program.Mart Green, CEO of Mardel (retail), EthnoGraphic Media, Every Tribe Entertainment. Dropped out of college.Martha Matilda Harper, founder of Harper Hair Salons. Never went to college.Maverick Carter, CEO of LRMR (marketing).Dropped out of Western Michigan University.Michael Dell, CEO of Dell. Did not finish at University of Texas, Austin.Michael Rubin, CEO of Global Sports. Dropped out of Villanova University.Micky Jagtiani, billionaire, CEO of Landmark International. Failed accounting school.Mike Lazaridis, billionaire, founder of Research in Motion. Did not finish Stanford.Mukesh "Micky" Jagtiani, billionaire, chairman of Landmark International (shopping malls). Flunked out of London accounting school.Paris Hilton (TV, fashion). Expelled from Canterbury Boarding School. Never attended college.Patrick Collison, co-founder of Stripe. Dropped out of MIT.Patrizio Bertelli, billionaire, co-founder with his wife of Prada (fashion). Dropped out of engineering school.Paul Allen, Microsoft and Vulcan. Dropped out of Washington State CollegePete Cashmore, founder of Mashable.com. Did not finish college.Peter La Haye, CEO of La Haye Laboratories/Neoptx. High school drop out.Philip Green, billionaire, CEO of Topshop. Dropped out of high school.Phillip Ruffin, billionaire, CEO of Treasure Island (casinos). Dropped out of Wichita State University.Ralph Braun, CEO of BraunAbility (scooters and wheelchair lifts). Dropped out of Indiana State.Ralph Lauren, billionaire, founder of Polo (fashion). Dropped out of Baruch College to start Polo.Ray Kroc, billionaire, founder of McDonald's. High school dropout.Richard Branson, CEO of Virgin Group. No degree.Richard DeVos, billionaire, CEO of Amway, owner of Orlando Magic basketball team. Did not go to college.Richard Desmond, billionaire, British publisher. Dropped out of high school.Richard Heckmann, billionaire, CEO of U.S. Filter/Heckmann Corp. Did not graduate from college.Richard Schulze, billionaire, founding CEO of Best Buy. Did not attend college.Rick Corman, CEO of R J Corman Railroad Group. Finished high school only.Rob Kalin, founder of Esty (artisans). Flunked out of high school, pretended to be a student and attended classes at MIT.Robert Bisson, founder of EarthWater Global. Did not graduate from college.Robert Maxwell, billionaire (publishing). Dropped out of high school.Robert Redford, actor, founder of Sundance. Kicked out of the University of Colorado.Ron Popeil, founder of Ronco (inventions). Dropped out of college.Ronald Burkle, billionaire, CEO of Yucaipa. Dropped out of Cal Poly.Roy Cullen, billionaire (oil). Finished only 4th grade.Rush Limbaugh, CEO (media). Dropped out of college after being required to take ballroom dancing.Ryan Smith, CMO of Qualtrics. Did not finish degree at Brigham Young.Sam Goi, billionaire, CEO of Tee Yih Jia (food). Dropped out of high school.Samuel Jonas, COO of IDT (data). Dropped out of Rutgers.Sean "puffy" Combs, entrepreneur (music, fashion). Dropped out of Howard University.Sean Parker, billionaire, Napster, Facebook. Did not go to college.Seth Priebatsch, founder of scvngr.com and PostcardTech. Dropped out of Princeton.Shawn Fanning, Napster developer. Dropped out of Northeastern University.Sheldon Adelson, CEO, Las Vegas Sands Corp. (gambling)Sidney Weinberg, managing partner of Goldman Sachs. Dropped out of seventh grade.Simon Cowell, creator of American Idol, Britain's Got Talent, X Factor. Left school at 16.Stanley Ho, billionaire (casinos). Dropped out of University of Hong Kong.Steve Jobs, billionaire, co-founder of Apple Computers/Pixar/Next. Dropped out of Reed College.Steve Madden, founder (shoe designer). Dropped out of college.Steve Wozniak, billionaire, co-founder of Apple. Dropped out of College.Steven Spielberg, billionaire, CEO of DreamWorks (film). Dropped out of Cal State Long Beach.Subhash Chandra, billionaire, CEO of Zee TV, Essel Propack (media). Dropped out of college.Ted Murphy, CEO Izea/Think Creative (entertainment, social media marketing). Dropped out of Florida State University.Ted Turner, billionaire, CEO of CNN/TBS, owner of Atlanta Braves. Kicked out of Brown University.Theodore Waitt, billionaire, CEO of Gateway (computers). Dropped out of the University of Iowa.Thomas Edison. Was taught at home, went to work at 12.Thomas Haffa, billionaire (media). Dropped out of high school.Tim Blixseth, billionaire, CEO of Yellowstone Club (real estate). Did not go to college.Tim Leiweke, CEO of AEG (entertainment). Did not attend college.Ty Warner, billionaire, founder of Ty, Inc. maker of Beanie Babies (stuffed animals). Dropped out of college.Vidal Sassoon, CEO of Vidal Sassoon. Dropped out of high school.W. Clement Stone, CEO (publishing/insurance). Dropped out of elementary school to sell newspapers.Walt Disney. Dropped out of high school.Walter Shorenstein, billionaire, CEO of Shorenstein Properties. Dropped out of the University of Pennsylvania.Wiley Cerilli, founder of SinglePlatform. Dropped out of Syracuse University.Wolfgang Puck, owner of 100 restaurants. Left school at 14.Xavier Niel, billionaire, founder of Free Mobile/Kima Ventures. Did not graduate from college.Y.C. Wang, billionaire, CEO of Formosa Plastics. Never attended high school.--------------Note that this list is drawn from multiple online sources, and has been revised and expanded for this post. If there are errors, apologies. Please let the answerer know and he will make corrections.

All schooling in Iceland up through universities and grad school are publicly funded. Colleges in Iceland are even free for Americans. There is a $600 per year registration fee for international students. 5% of the students in Iceland are international students. This is the case in many places. Public universities are also tuition free in Norway. They are $208 per year in France. Finland is tuition free. In Germany it is $55 to 280 per year. Paying for higher education by using state funds in the normal way to do things. America is the outlier.The modern Icelandic system of higher education dates back to the foundation of the University of Iceland in 1911. Full independence from Denmark was in 1918. Having their own higher education system was seen as necessary to actually have a separate nation. They are paid for by taxes and lottery. All levels of education are subsidized by the state, including day-care. Anyone who has completed upper secondary education in Iceland can apply to study at a university. The Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) supports research, innovation, education and culture in Iceland.Iceland has seven full time institutes of higher education. Universities in Iceland The largest is the University of Iceland. It is the only university with a full range of BA and MA degrees in academic disciplines. Reykjavík University, a private university, founded in 1998 offers degrees in law, business, computer science, engineering as well as sports science. Together the Universities of Iceland and Reykjavík, both of which are located in Reykjavík account for over 80% of all university students in Iceland.The Icelandic Academy of the Arts has departments of Design and architecture, fine arts, music and theater and offers various BA degrees as well as MA degrees in art education, composition and theater. The University of Akureyri offers various BA and MA degrees in the humanities and social sciences, health sciences, business and natural resource sciences. Bifröst University, offers BA and MA degrees in social sciences, law and business. There are two small agricultural universities, The Agricultural University of Iceland and Hólar University college, who both offer BA and MA degrees in agriculture, tourism and resource management.In 2010 there were 12.699 students seeking a BA degree, 4.352 students seeking a MA degree and 482 students seeking PhDs at Icelandic Universities. In addition, there were 1.650 students seeking diplomas or candidatus degrees. The social sciences, business and law are the most popular subjects. All the universities follow guidelines set down by the government. 16% of student go to college abroad. Government Offices of IcelandWith the exception of some courses like medicine and dentistry, the University of Iceland is obliged to accept all students who have an upper secondary diploma. There are no tuition fees at the state universities (although there are registration fees), and student loans are available to cover living expenses and school materials.I’m not sure what you mean by training for “emergency services” in terms of higher education. Do you mean medicine? The University of Iceland has the School of Health Sciences and in it is the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, Faculty of Odontology, Faculty of Pharmacology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, and the Faculty of Psychology.