Preparing A Three Year School Infrastructure Development: Fill & Download for Free

East Nusa Tenggara consists of four main regions called Flobamora, that stands for: Flores, Sumba, Timor, and Alor. Besides those four islands, this province has several notable minor islands such as Sabu (Savu), Raijua, Komodo, Rinca, Padar, Lembata, Adonara, Rote, and Solor.Even by Indonesian standards, East Nusa Tenggara is still regarded as exotic and among the least-developed. However, today this province is improving fast.Timor is the most developed island among them all. It’s also where the capital of East Nusa Tenggara, Kupang, sits. Kupang is like typical Indonesia third-tier city which has one or two high-rises, public parks, and some modern malls. It is quite easy to find national-standard schools near Kupang and even it has international school, Sekolah Pelita Harapan, which caters for the middle-upper class.Whenever the youths from all other East Nusa Tenggara islands dreaming about pursuing higher education in a city, they dream about Kupang.Timor has single national road that connects its four main cities and towns from Kupang, So’e, Kefamenanu all the way to Atambua. The island also has one busy international airport, El Tari, and one active regional airport at Atambua, border town between Indonesia’s West Timor and independent East Timor.Kupang is a “metropolis” by Timor standard. Other towns such as Atambua, So’e, and Kefa are busy towns with far less-developed infrastructure. Atambua maybe somewhat better than the other two. It is the border town that has some medium sized churches and few modern coffee-shops.However, outside those towns, Timor is largely untouched. Majority of its region still consits of savannas and jungles. Some traditional tribes still live deep in the hinterland retaining their authentic and exotic culture. Since the New Order era, Timor seems to enjoy much better infrastructure development, compared to the other islands in East Nusa Tenggara. The economies of West Timor are also well diversified, ranging from commercial trading, farming, fisheries, tourism, stone mining, sugar plantation, and heavy industries, such as cement factories.With roads, markets, and schools being built across the island, I believe Timor is going to catch-up its development level with the western Indonesia and position itself as the hub in the most underdeveloped southeastern regions of Indonesia.Flores is the second most developed island of East Nusa Tenggara. It’s dubbed as “the next Bali”, since the thriving island’s economy also revolves around tourism which is booming recently. Maumere is the most important town in Flores, for at least few years to come. However, since early 2010’s, Labuan Bajo turned around from a fishing village (kelurahan) into the fastest developing town in Flores, and there is a little doubt that it will surpass Maumere.As the gateway town for Komodo National Park, Labuan Bajo hosts some of the finest hotels and resorts of the eastern Indonesia, as well as a modern airport.From the western tip to the east, Flores is connected by two-lane and well-paved highway. The 600-kilometer roads were built in 1926 by the Dutch and have been quite well-maintained since the independence of this republic. It connects every main towns from Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Bajawa, Ende, Maumere, to Larantuka.It is easy to move around between each Flores main towns since there are several options available, ranging from public buses to shuttle vans. Although the roads can be pretty narrow, the quality is adequate.Flores has little to offer outside tourism sectors, except maybe the growing coffee industries around Bajawa highlands. However since it seems to receive more and more attention, Flores together with Sumba will see some massive infrastructure improvements in few years to come.Sumba is another case of Flores. It is the third most developed island, but seems like twenty years behind Timor. Trying to replicate the success of Flores, Sumba also pushes development around tourism sectors that boomed very recently.The largest town is Waingapu of the eastern region of Sumba, which is quiet and seems like an overgrown village. It has a dozen of hotels, restaurants, shops, and hospitals. If you live here, all of every basic needs are easily covered.Sumba also hosts the best hotel in the world, Nihi Sumba of Nihiwatu beach.TIME - This Is the Best Hotel in the WorldBusiness Insider - This Hotel is Officially The Best in The WorldThere are three other towns in Sumba, those towns are : Waikabubak, Waibakul, Waitabula (Tambolaka). Wai means ‘water’. Although Waikabubak is the second largest town in Sumba, Waikabubak makes Waingapu looks like a metropolis.Tambolaka is the new and rising town, it is an airport town built near Waitabula village. Since the government decided to construct decent airport in Tambolaka, which route is served by major national airlines such as Garuda, this town faces rapid growth that it has never seen before. Tambolaka hosts several new hotels prepared to welcome its future tourists. It is arguably the Sumba’s Labuan Bajo.The main roads connecting those four towns are well-paved, almost in the whole island, you can enjoy 3G or 4G coverage (Telkomsel) as well. However finding the good education can be tricky, there are only two or three universities available.In the past, Sumba used to rely on its sandalwood exports and horse cattle. Even though it provides living for the people, it fails to develop the island. Today, this island turns its head to tourism with a hope that it will improve the situation.Alor is the fourth island of East Nusa Tenggara. It is regarded as one of the finest and greatest diving spot in Indonesia, or even the world. Alor only has one town, called Kalabahi, that is bustling. Kalabahi is an old town that grows very slowly.Besides the niche tourism sectors, Kalabahi has well-known walnut industries.The road condition in Alor is moderate, it’s adequate but not too good. The basic infrastructure is available in the small island, from hospitals, hotels, restaurants, schools, and internet connectivity.Other islands, such as Komodo, Rinca, and Padar see little infrastructure, since they belong to Komodo National Park. Those three islands (along with several of smaller islands) are considered as natural conservation zones.The island of Rote enjoys pretty good development. The southernmost island of Indonesia is often considered as national symbol of sovereignity, thus receiving much attention from the government. The whole island is connected with good roads and infrastructure. Personally, I also feels that the people of Rote is among the most educated in East Nusa Tenggara.The island of Adonara is an island to the east of Flores. It’s much less developed compared to Flores, even though it is only separated by a narrow 600-meter sea passage (strait). There is a plan to construct a bridge connecting Flores with the island of Adonara. The IDR 5.2 trillion project will aim to improve the quality of economy and connectivity in Adonara.Both Solor and Lembata are still very traditional. They have great beaches, and some tribes are still hunting whales with sticks. It is one practice that is frowned upon in modern society (albeit arguably hunting whales with sticks has very low success rate anyhow) however to conserve the cultural tradition the government decides to limit the number of two whales hunted per year. Both islands have the basic infrastructure such as hospitals and schools covered, a bare minimum.The stone-age whale hunters who kill with their bare handsI think Sabu will be the next tourism primadonna in two or three decades. This island is largely underdeveloped. They have some roads connecting the villages inside the island but majority of the roads are rocky and not well-paved. Raijua, smaller neighbor of Sabu, is even worse. I have never been there though but I’ve seen the people of Raijua often sail to Sabu just to purchase some basic needs.There are hundreds, or perhaps even thousands, of other tiny islands scattered around this archipelago province. However I am not sure whether those islands are inhabited and I can bet that most of them are still underdeveloped.

The first NLU (NLSIU Bangalore) was established in year 1986 & therefore first batch of law graduates passed out in 1991. So few of these who chose to practice litigation are 27 years experienced. While there were prominent Law colleges (Three year )established long before India got independence. For example , Campus law centre( Faculty of Law, University of Delhi) was established in 1924. Govt law college Mumbai popularly known as GLC Mumbai was established long back in 1855( oldest in Asia). so whole of India including now Pakistan n Bangladesh courts had 3 year law graduates only whether as judges ,lawyers of law officers. It's natural that Law graduates look up to their seniors for deciding about their career. So , most of these graduates go for practicing litigation, judiciary &law officers. Corporate law firms have come lately in India and corporate law is still developing in India .to be more precise it's in nascent stage as Liberalisation of Indian economy came into effect in 1991 & it's after Liberalisation that corporate law started developing. Five year law graduates had an edge for corporate law being trained for it in professional way by law school. After NLS Bangalore , 2nd NLU was established in year 1997. The very purpose of establishment of National law universities was to raise the professional standard of legal education as jurists felt most three year law schools except top ones were lacking in same. NLUs intake students just after 12th and after five years of professional education & training most of the law graduates of NLUs prefer working in top law firms as they want to work in well organised sector with handsome package to lead a good life contrary to the struggling life of law graduates who prefer practicing litigation in courts with little or no income added with uncertainty of career growth. Secondly , Placement cells of NLUs are well organised & top law firms get suitable infrasture also to conduct placement in convenient way contrary to the most of three year law colleges where law firms are not provided with adequate infrastructure & arrangements to conduct placement. The attitude of college administration is very passive for the recruiting firms most of the times so they don't prefer coming .So most law graduates go in litigation or preparation for Judiciary exams. Three year law colleges(good ones) mainly focus on academics and their lectures are mainly based on case laws whereas NLUs focus mainly on polishing the overall personality of students with major emphasis on professional ethics. So most students from NLUs are printed towards joining organised sector i.e Law firms, MNCs etc. Three year law students get less professional training in comparison to NLUs so very few interested to join law firms/ MNCs. So some of those who are not interested in litigation or judiciary choose further studies with purpose of career in academics ( teaching) and some go for Govt service i.e civil services/ other state services. Barring a few top three year law colleges , the level of legal education is below average leading to lack of good lawyers in trial courts through out India.

I could not locate the final document itself. All we have are news reports. Based on these, there are certainly some good ideas and some ideas I don’t agree with.Below I am posting a news report, with my comments shown by ***.https://www.indiatoday.in/education/story/national-education-policy-2020-announced-all-you-need-to-know-1705703-2020-07-29National Education Policy 2020 announced: All you need to knowEarly Childhood Care & Education: The 10+2 structure of school curricula is to be replaced by a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years respectively. This will bring the uncovered age group of 3-6 years under school curriculum, which has been recognised globally as the crucial stage for the development of mental faculties of a child. The new system will have 12 years of schooling with three years of Anganwadi/pre-schooling. ***I like the highlighted sentence. In fact, the reality is that we need to aim at the age group 0-3 outside the school. This is the most crucial stage in learning. India needs to start working on that.***NCERT will develop a framework of the early childhood education of children up to the age of 8.Attaining Foundational Literacy and Numeracy: A National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up by the MHRD. States will prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools for all learners by grade 3 by 2025. A National Book Promotion Policy will also be formulated. ***Probably gets you nowhere because the schools are under the States,***Reforms in School Curricula and Pedagogy: The school curricula and pedagogy will aim for holistic development of learners by equipping them with the key 21st century skills, reduction in curricular content to enhance essential learning and critical thinking and greater focus on experiential learning. Students will have increased flexibility and choice of subjects. There will be no rigid separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams. ***I like the highlighted sentences.***Vocational education will start in schools from the 6th grade, and will include internships. ***Probably gets you nowhere. Too young an age to become skilled in a vocation. Don’t expect much from this.***Multilingualism and the Power of Language: The NEP 2020 advocates for mother tongue/local language/regional language as the medium of instruction at least till Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond. ***No one can be against this until Grade 5. After that, there must be a strong option to learn English. Indians are spending money to learn English privately. The demand is there. Don’t throttle it – all that will happen is that private schools will benefit.*** Sanskrit to be offered at all levels of school and higher education as an option for students, including in the three-language formula. ***In my youth, all of us took Sanskrit for 3 years in Class 6-8. No one learned anything. Same fate is likely even now.*** Other classical languages and literatures of India also to be available as options. No language will be imposed on any student. Several foreign languages will also be offered at the secondary level.Assessment Reforms: With NEP 2020, the Centre hopes to shift from summative assessment to a more competency-based regular assessment which tests analysis, critical thinking and conceptual clarity. All students will take school examinations in Grades 3, 5, and 8. Board exams for Grades 10 and 12 will be continued, but redesigned with holistic development as the aim. A new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development), will be set up as a standard-setting body. ***A very ambitious effort and desirable effort. However, its implementation is hard to do. The same teachers, the same schools … and then the same exams in Grade 10 and 12. Unless those are changed, lower level changes have no impact.***Equitable and Inclusive Education: NEP 2020 provides for setting up of Gender Inclusion Fund and also Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups. Children with disabilities will be enabled to fully participate in the regular schooling process from the foundational stage to higher education, with support of educators with cross-disability training, resource centres, accommodations, assistive devices, appropriate technology-based tools and other support mechanisms tailored to suit their needs. ***My support.***Higher Education:Increase GER to 50% by 2035: NEP 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational education from 26.3 per cent (2018) to 50 per cent by 2035. At least 3.5 crore new seats will be added to higher education institutions. ***Adding seats is meaningless. So many new IITs – so many extra seats. But, everyone wants to be admitted to the old IITs. Unless you get top quality in the new colleges, it is just a holding place for youth to spend some time until they become older.***Holistic Multidisciplinary Education: The policy introduces broad-based, multi-disciplinary, holistic undergraduate education with flexible curricula, creative combinations of subjects, integration of vocational education and multiple entry and exit points with appropriate certification. UG education can be of 3 or 4 years with multiple exit options and appropriate certification within this period. For example, certificate after 1 year, advanced diploma after 2 years, Bachelor’s degree after 3 years and Bachelor’s with research after 4 years. **I support.***An Academic Bank of Credit is to be established for digitally storing academic credits earned from different institutes so that these can be transferred and counted towards final degree earned. **Seems like a minor issue***Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs), at par with IITs, IIMs, to be set up as models of best multidisciplinary education of global standards in the country. **So, finally, there is a proposal to set up something new at par with IITs and IIMs. But, we are now in a different era. In those days, it was essential for government to set up IITs and IIMs, had foreign collaboration. Government was the driving force. No longer. Government is now a limiting force. Government can facilitate such universities but should not set them up. The so-called Excellence universities idea has already flopped. Let’s not increase the direct role of the government in higher education. ***The National Research Foundation will be created as an apex body for fostering a strong research culture and building research capacity across higher education. . ***Depends on who has the authority – academics or government. If the latter, please don’t do it.***Regulation: Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be set up as a single overarching umbrella body the for entire higher education, excluding medical and legal education. HECI will function through faceless intervention through technology, and will have powers to penalise higher education institutions for not conforming to norms and standards. Public and private higher education institutions will be governed by the same set of norms for regulation, accreditation and academic standards. ***A waste of time and money. Fancy words – “faceless intervention.” Today, students and parents know and understand which education institutes do what. The information is available easily. We don’t need heavy-handed government regulation.***Rationalised Institutional Architecture: The definition of the university will allow a spectrum of institutions that range from Research-intensive universities to teaching-intensive universities and autonomous degree-granting colleges. Affiliation of colleges is to be phased out in 15 years and a stage-wise mechanism is to be established for granting graded autonomy to colleges. Over a period of time, it is envisaged that every college would develop into either an autonomous degree-granting college, or a constituent college of a university. ***Do it in 7-10 years, with most to be done in 7 years. Urgent need.***Financial support for students: Efforts will be made to incentivise the merit of students belonging to SC, ST, OBC, and other SEDGs. The National Scholarship Portal will be expanded to support, foster, and track the progress of students receiving scholarships. Private HEIs will be encouraged to offer larger numbers of free ships and scholarships to their students. ***OK***Open and Distance Learning: This will be expanded to play a significant role in increasing GER. Measures such as online courses and digital repositories, funding for research, improved student services, credit-based recognition of MOOCs, etc, will be taken to ensure it is at par with the highest quality in-class programmes. . ***Don’t get carried away. MOOCs are either dead or in coma. There’s much to be said for in-class learning. Improving GER by this method is like offering second-class learning. Not against distance or online learning and teaching. But, they are not equivalent to in-class, on-campus learning.***Online and Digital Education: A dedicated unit for the building of digital infrastructure, digital content and capacity building will be created in the MHRD to look after the e-education needs of both school and higher education. ***Why? Let the universities and colleges handle this.***Technology in Education: An autonomous body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning, administration. Appropriate integration of technology into all levels of education will be done to improve classroom processes, support teacher professional development, enhance educational access for disadvantaged groups and streamline educational planning, administration and management. ***Why? Let the universities and colleges handle this.***Promotion of Indian Languages: To ensure the preservation, growth, and vibrancy of all Indian languages, NEP recommends setting an Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI), National Institute (or Institutes) for Pali, Persian and Prakrit, strengthening of Sanskrit and all language departments in HEIs, and use mother tongue/local language as a medium of instruction in more HEI programmes. ***You want to push Sanskrit but there is pushback. So, you include Pali, Persian (!), and Prakrit to camouflage your intentions. ***Professional Education: All professional education will be an integral part of the higher education system. Stand-alone technical universities, health science universities, legal and agricultural universities etc will aim to become multi-disciplinary institutions. ***What is the point?**