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Vaccination is a racket ie uselessSee rabies on whale and these vax docs refuse to use vit cRabies vaccine by Dr Mendelsohn MDRegular readers are aware of my unconditional opposition to the rabies vaccine. In spite of all the horrible pictures doctors conjure up of hydrophobic patients frothing at the mouth, I am much more afraid of the documented dangers of neurologic damage and death from the vaccine. Now, a doctor from Mississagua, Ontario, Canada, has joined the opposition.As reported in the Toronto Globe and Mail of January 28, 1988, Dr. Peter Cole, Medical Officer of Health, has refused to support tighter controls of vicious dogs. Present legislation gives the Medical Officer discretion over whether or not to order a 10-day quarantine of animals which bite humans. Now, a new law requires that any dog which bites a human must be quarantined for 30 days. Dr. Cole disagrees.Dr. Cole also opposes compulsory rabies vaccination of household dogs and cats. He says he would not bother getting anti-rabies shots if he were bitten by a pet because there is no relationship between rabies and control of vicious dogs.According to Dr. Cole, there is no rabies problem in Ontario: "The number of dogs and cats that contract rabies is very small, and no human has been shown to have contracted the disease, let alone died from it, for well over 20 years."Dr. Cole says he wouldn’t worry even if he were bitten by a pet and could not get the rabies vaccine, citing the fact that the disease is not as readily communicable to humans as most lay persons and doctors believe."In 20 years, there have been thousands of confirmed rabid animals. Hundreds of people have been exposed to bites, and not all of them have been able to get the vaccine. Yet no-one has got rabies. That should tell you something."So, if you or your children or one of your friends happen to get bitten by a household pet, there’s no reason to rush unthinkingly for the highly controversial rabies vaccine. Instead, ask your..doctor to get in touch with Dr. Cole (who at last report still had his job) for a second opinion.The vaccine scares meArega D, Zenebe G.Peripheral neuropathy following administration of nerve tissue antirabies vaccine.Ethiop Med J. 1999 Oct;37(4):269-73.PMID: 11961878 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Ahasan HA, Chowdhury MA, Azhar MA, Rafiqueuddin AK.Neuroparalytic complications after anti-rabies vaccine (inactivated nervous tissue vaccine)Trop Doct. 1995 Apr;25(2):94. No abstract available.PMID: 7778211 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Arch. Neurol 35: 693, 1978. The authors describe a multiple sclerosis like illness occurring 4 years after rabies immunization. It references a paper describing similar cases presenting 2-20 years after immunization with the rabies vaccine.Alvord EC Jr, et al. The causes of the syndromes of Landry (1859) and of Guillain, Barre and Strohl (1916). Rev Neurol (Paris). 1987;143(8-9):571-9. PMID: 2445014; UI: 88042403.The syndromes of Landry (1859) and of Guillain, Barre and Strohl (1916) differ clinically and pathologically, the latter a purely peripheral neuritis and the former a mixture of transverse myelitis and facial neuritis. Each can be caused by many different factors, including 1) direct infection by wild or attenuated rabies virus, 2) direct auto-sensitization by myelin antigens in the vaccine....Agulleiro Moreira JM, et al. [See Related Articles] [Neurological manifestations of anti-rabies vaccination]. Prensa Med Argent. 1968 Aug 23;55(26):1262-4. Spanish. No abstract available.PMID: 5709495; UI: 69109930.Assis JL.Neurological complication of antirabies vaccination in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Clinical and therapeutical aspects.J Neurol Sci. 1975 Dec;26(4):593-8.PMID: 173809 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Bahri F, et al. [See Related Articles][Neurological complications in adults following rabies vaccine prepared from animal brains]. Presse Med. 1996 Mar 23;25(10):491-3. French. PMID: 8685108; UI: 96306396. OBJECTIVES: Despite well-knownneurological complications, post-exposure semple-type rabies vaccine is still used in Tunisia. We retrospectively studied neurological manifestations following post-exposure rabies vaccine. METHODS: Over a 3-year period, semple-type phenol inactivated lamb nerve tissue vaccine (Pasteur Institute, Tunis) was given to 1392 adults after exposure to rabies. RESULTS: The frequency of neurological complications was 1/200. Seven patients presented complications 4 to 14 days after the first vaccine injection (median 11 days). Central nervous system manifestations occurred in all 7 patients with peripheral neuropathy in 5. Manifestations were meningoradiculitis (n = 3), meningomyeloradiculitis (n = 2), meningomyelitis (n = 1) and myelitis (n = 1). No vaccine-associated death occurred, but one patient suffered persistant paraplegia. CONCLUSION: Semple-type adult animal nerve tissue vaccine produces an unacceptable rate of severe post-vaccinal neurological complications in adults. Human diploid cell rabies vaccine should be used for post-exposure rabies vaccination.Boe E, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome after vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine. Scand J Infect Dis. 1980;12(3):231-2. PMID: 7001615; UI: 81056244.[See Related Articles]Britton DE, Houff SA, Eiben RM.Possible interactions between rabies vaccination and a progressive degenerative CNS disease.Arch Neurol. 1978 Oct;35(10):693. No abstract available.PMID: 29594 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Bernard KW, Smith PW, Kader FJ, Moran MJ.Neuroparalytic illness and human diploid cell rabies vaccine.JAMA. 1982 Dec 17;248(23):3136-8. No abstract available. PMID: 7143690 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Cremieux G et AL.[Facial diplegia with cellular albumin dissociation of the cerebrospinal fluid following rabies vaccination]Nouv Presse Med. 1977 Sep 24;6(31):2781-2. French. No abstract available. PMID: 593826 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Cremieux G, Dor JF, Mongin M.[Peripheral facial paralysis and post-antirabies-vaccination polyneuroradiculitis (author's transl)]Acta Neurol Belg. 1978 Sep-Oct;78(5):279-300. French.PMID: 716833 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Cabrera J, et al. Unusual features of the Guillain-Barre syndrome after rabies vaccine prepared in suckling mouse brain. J Neurol Sci. 1987 Nov;81(2-3):239-45. PMID: 3694230; UI: 88089727.[See Related Articles]Chakravarty A.Neurologic illness following post-exposure prophylaxis with purifiled chick embryo cell antirabiesvaccine.J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Sep;49:927-8.PMID: 11837768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Chaleomchan W, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with rabies vaccination induced neurological complications and other neurological diseases. J Neurol Sci. 1990 May;96(2-3):143-51. PMID: 2376746; UI: 90330972.Consoloni E, Cartei MA, Ioppoli C, Fonte F.[Neuropathological complications of rabies vaccination: a case with involvement of the facial nerve]Riv Neurol. 1979 Jan-Feb;49(1):53-61. Italian. No abstract available.PMID: 451398 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Dreesen DW, Bernard KW, Parker RA, Deutsch AJ, Brown J.Immune complex-like disease in 23 persons following a booster dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine.Vaccine. 1986 Mar;4(1):45-9. PMID: 2938356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Dano P, et al. [See Related Articles]Dubielzig RR, et al. [See Related Articles] Myofibroblastic sarcoma originating at the site of rabies vaccination in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1993 Oct;5(4):637-8. No abstract available.PMID: 8286472; UI: 94114633.Ercegovac D, et al. [See Related Articles] [Onset of paralysis after vaccination against rabies]. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1983 Apr;111(4):429-36. Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic). No abstract available.PMID: 6665603; UI: 84121585.Esh JB, Cunningham JG, Wiktor TJ.Vaccine-induced rabies in four cats.J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1982 Jun 1;180(11):1336-9.PMID: 7096177 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Felix JK, Schwartz RH, Myers GJ.Isolated hypoglossal nerve paralysis following influenza vaccination.Am J Dis Child. 1976 Jan;130(1):82-3.PMID: 174422 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Gupta JP, Bajpai HS.Neuro-paralytic complications following antirabic vaccination.Indian J Med Sci. 1966 Apr;20(4):276-9. No abstract available. PMID: 5934920 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Gamboa ET, Cowen D, Eggers A, Cogan P, Ganti R, Brust JC.Delayed onset of post-rabies vaccination encephalitis.Ann Neurol. 1983 Jun;13(6):676-8.PMID: 6136253 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Hemachudha T, et al.Immunologic studies of rabies vaccination-induced Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology. 1988Mar;38(3):375-8.PMID: 2450302; UI: 88157125Patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) induced by rabies vaccines prepared from either suckling mouse brain (SMB) or mature sheep brain (Semple vaccine) and patients with sporadic, idiopathic GBS were studied for antibody to myelin basic protein (MBP), P2 protein, and Schwann cells. Sera from all four Semple vaccine- and one of five SMB vaccine-induced GBS patients, but none of the sporadic GBS patients, had antibody to MBP. Sera from Semple vaccinees also had antibody to fixed, transformed Schwann cells, but similar amounts of antibody were found in sera from Semple vaccinees with CNS complications and with minor non-neurologic complications, suggesting that this antibody was not specifically linked to the development of polyneuritis. None of the sera had detectable antibody to P2 protein. We conclude that patients with GBS constitute a heterogeneous population and that different target antigens may serve as a focus for this presumed autoimmune disease.Hemachudha T, et al. Myelin basic protein as an encephalitogen in encephalomyelitis and polyneuritis following rabies vaccination. N Engl J Med. 1987 Feb 12;316(7):369-74. PMID: 2433582; UI: 87115665[See Related Articles]Harrington RB, Olin R.Incomplete transverse myelitis following rabies duck embryo vaccination.JAMA. 1971 Jun 28;216(13):2137-8. No abstract available.PMID: 5108679 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Held JR, Lopez Adaros H.[Neurological complications after the administration of newborn mouse brain antirabies vaccine]Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1971 Jul;71(1):50-9. Spanish. No abstract available.PMID: 4254526 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Harry TO, Nasidi A, Fritzell B, Akinlade HO, Nereli B, Rollin P, Sureau P, Adeiga A.Trial of economical regimens of suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis in Lagos, Nigeria.Vaccine. 1989 Aug;7(4):329-32.PMID: 2815968 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Held JR, Adaros HL.Neurological disease in man following administration of suckling mouse brain antirabies vaccine.Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46(3):321-7. No abstract available.PMID: 4339746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Iizuka H, Amano N, Izeki E, Sakai M, Harada K.A case of antirabies inoculation encephalitis with a long clinical course.Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. 1993 Sep;47(3):603-8.PMID: 7905539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Janssen EG.[Rabies vaccination with lethal outcome]Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1970 Jun;118(6):379-80. German. No abstract available.PMID: 5523684 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Kowal P. [See Related Articles][Neurological complications after vaccination against rabies as exemplified by 4 cases from Poznan province]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1986 Mar-Apr;20(2):132-6. Polish. PMID: 2877405; UI: 87039603.The author reports 4 cases of neurological complications following vaccination with cerebral-type lyophilized vaccine. The cases were observed in the Province of Poznan in the period from January to April 1984, and the patients were men aged 41 to 60 years with various clinical syndromes: Landry's ascending paralysis, polyradiculoneuritis, polyneuritis and encephalopolyradiculoneuritis. The high frequency of these complications (about 3%) might have been due to the high susceptibility of the vaccinated population, or to technical errors in the production of the vaccine leading to obtaining of a vaccine bath with a high immunoallergogenicity which could trigger off the complication in persons with individual predisposition.Kovacs F, et al. [See Related Articles] [Neurologic complications from rabies vaccination]. Orv Hetil. 1968 Oct 13;109(41):2264-6. Hungarian. No abstract available.PMID: 5715141; UI: 69132332.Kollmannsberger A. [See Related Articles] [Neurological complications following rabies vaccination]. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1966 Feb 4;108(5):259-62. German. No abstract available.PMID: 4383433; UI: 68047126.Kuwert E, et al. [See Related Articles] [Neurological complications following rabies vaccination]. Med Klin. 1968 Aug 23;63(34):1326-8. Review. German. No abstract available.PMID: 4878778; UI: 69008466.Kulik DM. [See Related Articles] [Complications due to antirabies vaccinations]. Sov Med. 1965 Apr;28(4):89-92. Russian. No abstract available.PMID: 5866348; UI: 66108610.Knittel T, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome and human diploid cell rabies vaccine. Lancet. 1989 Jun 10;1(8650):1334-5. No abstract available.PMID: 2566866; UI: 89260830.Kreiner R, et al. [Encephalitis after rabies vaccination]. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz). 1971 Sep;23(9):532-6. German. No abstract available.PMID: 4403287; UI: 72258327.Larghi OP, Varela-Diaz VM, Soto E, Imas B, Cuba-Caparo A, Fuenzalida E.Laboratory investigations on neuroparalytic accidents associated with suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine. III. -- Preservation of vaccine potency after elimination of murine brain myelin by centrifugation.Ann Microbiol (Paris). 1976 Nov-Dec;127B(4):567-72.PMID: 1023791 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE](Luby JP; Ann Intern Med, 1974 Sep) Letter: Adverse reaction to duck embryo rabies vaccine.Lery L, Gaillard L, Delphin D.[Benign neurologic accident following anti-rabies vaccination. Unforeseen clinical and biological aspects]Arch Fr Pediatr. 1975 Jun-Jul;32(6):563-7. French.PMID: 241305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Mittal HS, et al. Brainstem encephalopathy following antirabic vaccination. A case report. J Postgrad Med. 1971 Oct;17(4):184-6. No abstract available.PMID: 4400983; UI: 72131524.Manghani DK, et al. Pleomorphism of fine structure of rabies virus in human and experimental brain. J Neurol Sci. 1986 Sep;75(2):181-93. PMID: 3760910; UI: 87010723.Identification of the Negri bodies in the brain of an 8-year-old boy who died 8 days after a paralytic illness and 20 days after a dog bite, and who had received 9 injections of Semple's anti-rabies vaccine,provided evidence that he died of acute rabies encephalitis and not of post-vaccinal allergic encephalomyelitis. The Negri bodies in the human subject and those seen in the inoculated mouse differed in their morphological structure: the former consisted of a matrix of very fine granular material bearing larger granules or strands of higher electron-density resembling nucleic acids and representing products of host cell-virus interaction; and the latter showed better defined areas of granular matrix containing tubular, bullet-shaped and elongated forms of viral structures, and nucleocapsids or capsule-deficient cores, representing the virions, emerging from them. Fine structural examination of the patient's brain and of the inoculated mouse has provided evidence of the pleomorphism of the Negri bodies and the various stages of formation of viral material and virions in them, the animal alone showing the mature virions of rabies, and proving the infectivity of the Negri bodies of the human brain. (Emphasis added)Murthy JM. [See Related Articles] MRI in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following Semple antirabies vaccine. Neuroradiology. 1998 Jul;40(7):420-3. PMID: 9730339; UI: 98398107.Nogueira YL.Adverse effect versus quality control of the Fuenzalida-Palacios antirabies vaccine.Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1998 Sep-Oct;40(5):295-9.PMID: 10030074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Prozesky OW. [See Related Articles] Neurological complications of rabies vaccines. S Afr Med J. 1978 May 20;53(20):780. No abstract available.PMID: 694620; UI: 79014557.Osuch T, et al. [See Related Articles] [Complications following rabies vaccination]. Przegl Epidemiol. 1972;26(4):479-83. Polish. No abstract available.PMID: 4680439; UI: 75121120.Okoh AE.Canine rabies in Nigeria, 1970 - 1980 reported cases in vaccinated dogs.Int J Zoonoses. 1982 Dec;9(2):118-25.PMID: 7169305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Okolo MI.Vaccine-induced rabies infection in rural dogs in Anambra State, Nigeria.Microbios. 1989;57(231):105-12.PMID: 2739582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Pathak R, et al. Disseminated sclerosis syndrome following antirabic vaccination. J Indian Med Assoc. 1967 Nov 16;49(10):484-5. No abstract available.PMID: 4385830; UI: 68357232.Rubin RH; Ann Intern Med, 1973 May)Adverse reactions to duck embryo rabies vaccine. Range and incidence. (Rui DY. [See Related Articles] [Neurologic complications caused by rabies vaccine: analysis of 46 cases]. Chung Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih. 1982 Sep;15(3):175-6. Chinese. No abstract available.PMID: 7151581; UI: 83104524.Rebucci GG, Cattania F.[Polyradiculoneuritis of the Guillain-Barre type following vaccination against rabies and smallpox. (Presentation of 2 cases)]Riv Neurobiol. 1965 Oct-Dec;11(4):669-82. Italian. No abstract available.PMID: 5888021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Saraiva PA, de Assis JL, Tiriba Ada C.[Neurological complications associated with anti-rabies vaccination in Sao Paulo: therapeutic, clinical and epidemiological aspects of 59 cases]Rev Paul Med. 1972 Aug;80(2):63-70. Portuguese. No abstract available.PMID: 4671574 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Saint-Denis P, et al. [See Related Articles] [Rabies: prophylaxis and treatment. Apropos of a case of postvaccinal encephalomyelitis]. Union Med Can. 1968 Sep;97(9):1275-9. French. No abstract available.PMID: 4394863; UI: 71040541.Sathe PV, et al. [See Related Articles]da Silveira CM, Salisbury DM, de Quadros CA.Measles vaccination and Guillain-Barre syndrome.Lancet. 1997 Jan 4;349(9044):14-6.PMID: 8988116 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Schoop HD, Rohrbach P.[Progressive neurological complications after rabies immunization with Hempt vaccine]Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1974 Sep 27;99(39):1923-6. German. No abstract available.PMID: 4420696 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Subutay N, Isik N, Zileli T.[Neurologic complications due to a sample type of rabies vaccination]Mikrobiyol Bul. 1987 Apr;21(2):145-50. Turkish.PMID: 3447020 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Shivanand PG, et al. Leucocyte migration inhibition test in post-antirabies vaccinal encephalitis (a preliminary communication). J Postgrad Med. 1981 Oct;27(4):222-5. PMID: 6121912; UI: 82170066.Shaul JF, et al. Duck embryo rabies vaccine. Anaphylactic reaction following initial injection. J S C Med Assoc. 1969 Oct;65(10):359-61. No abstract available.PMID: 5272125; UI: 70285226.Subutay N, et al. [See Related Articles][Neurologic complications due to a sample type of rabies vaccination]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1987 Apr;21(2):145-50. Turkish. PMID: 3447020; UI: 88189069.Neuroparalytic accidents due to sample type rabies vaccination are still an important problem in our country. We present seven patients with ascending polyneuritis, due to rabies vaccine, treated between 1982-1986, and discuss the importance of the problem.Swamy HS, Vasanth A, Sasikumar.Brown-Sequard syndrome due to Semple antirabies vaccine: case report.Paraplegia. 1992 Mar;30(3):181-3. No abstract available.PMID: 1630845 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Swaddiwuthipong W, Weniger BG, Wattanasri S, Warrell MJ.A high rate of neurological complications following Semple anti-rabies vaccine.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988;82(3):472-5.PMID: 2906768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Swamy HS, Shankar SK, Chandra PS, Aroor SR, Krishna AS, Perumal VG.Neurological complications due to beta-propiolactone (BPL)-inactivated antirabies vaccination. Clinical, electrophysiological and therapeutic aspects.J Neurol Sci. 1984 Jan;63(1):111-28.PMID: 6699651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Swamy HS, Anisya V, Nandi SS, Kaliaperumal VG.Neurological complications due to Semple-type antirabies vaccine. Clinical and therapeutic aspects.J Assoc Physicians India. 1991 Sep;39(9):667-9.PMID: 1667658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Sinnecker H, et al. [See Related Articles] [Complicatons following rabies vaccination and their possibilities of treatment]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena). 1976 Mar 15;70(6):306-10. German. No abstract available.PMID: 9745; UI: 77017622.Schlenska GK. [See Related Articles] Neurological complications following rabies duck embryo vaccination. J Neurol. 1976 Nov 26;214(1):71-4. No abstract available.PMID: 62829; UI: 77053082.Stelmasiak Z, et al. [See Related Articles] [Case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the course of anti-rabies vaccination]. Pol Tyg Lek. 1971 Aug 2;26(31):1198-9. Polish. No abstract available.Timm H, et al. [See Related Articles] [Complications in rabies vaccination]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1970 Oct 16;95(42):2135-40. Review. German. No abstract available.Thomas C, et al. [See Related Articles] [Papillitis, a complication of rabies vaccination]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr. 1972 Jan;72(1):129-32. French. No abstract available.PMID: 5080359; UI: 73026008.Tornatore CS, Richert JR.CNS demyelination associated with diploid cell rabies vaccine.Lancet. 1990 Jun 2;335(8701):1346-7. No abstract available. PMID: 1971408 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Trocha H, et al. [See Related Articles] [Neurological complications of anti-rabies vaccination with the Semple vaccine]. Pol Tyg Lek. 1987 Aug 31;42(35):1077-9. Polish. No abstract available.PMID: 2893364; UI: 88124474.Toro G, et al. Neuroparalytic accidents of antirabies vaccination with suckling mouse brain vaccine. Clinical and pathologic study of 21 cases. Arch Neurol. 1977 Nov;34(11):694-700. PMID: 911231; UI: 78019328.[See Related Articles]Twenty-one cases of neuroparalytic accidents of rabies vaccination (with suckling mouse brain vaccine), 11 of them fatal, were observed, occurring predominantly in men; the mean age of the patients was 29 years. On the average, 13 doses of the vaccine were used. Only three patients received less than seven doses. The mean latent period was 14 days (range, 4 to 24 days). In 16 patients (76%), a Guillain-Barre syndrome occurred that was moderate in three, severe in seven, and fatal in six. Pathologically, this was shown to be a typical polyradiculoneuritis. Five patients had fatal involvement of the central nervous system. Three had an acute disseminated perivenous leukoencephalopathy, with concurrent rabies encephalitis in one case. One patient had a perivenous myeloradiculopathy and one a chronic encephalomyelopathy of six years' duration with demyelinating plaques in the periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Since the reduction of postexposure rabies vaccination to seven doses, no new cases have been observed in Colombia.Tornatore CS, Richert JR, "CNS demyelination associated with diploid cell rabies vaccine." Lancet 1990 Jun 2;335(8701):1346-1347.Trejos A, Lewis V, Fuenzalida E, Larghi OP.Laboratory investigations of neuroparalytic accidents associated with suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine. I.--Encephalitogenicity and virological studies.Ann Immunol (Paris). 1974 Nov;125(6):917-24. No abstract available.PMID: 4157004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Ubol S, et al. Antibody to peptides of human myelin basic protein in post-rabies vaccine encephalomyelitis sera. J Neuroimmunol. 1990 Feb;26(2):107-11. PMID: 1688875; UI: 90131050.[See Related Articles]Development of neurologic complications after Semple rabies vaccine is closely linked to development of antibody to myelin basic protein (MBP). The portions of MBP against which the antibodies are directed were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay in sera and cerebrospinal fluid from 27 patients with vaccine complications. Most of the antibody was directed to regions of MBP peptides 45-89 and 90-170. There was no apparent correlation between antibody specificity for MBP peptides 1-44, 45-89 and 90-170 and the type of post-vaccinal neurologic complication. We conclude that the immunoglobulin repertoire in human B lymphocytes for responding to human MBP favors the portion of the MBP molecule containing residues 45-170. PMID: 1688875, UI: 90131050Udawat H, Nayak R, Chaudhary HR, Goyal RK.Guillain-Barre syndrome following antirabies vaccine.J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 May;48(5):538-9. No abstract available.PMID: 11273154 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Vergara I, Toro G, Roman G, Mendoza G.Fatal Guillain-Barre syndrome with reduced-dose antirabies vaccination.Arch Neurol. 1979 Apr;36(4):254. No abstract available.PMID: 426675 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINEVarela'Diaz VM, Imas B, Soto E, Larghi OP, Cuba-Caparo A, Fuenzalida E.Laboratory investigations on neuroparalytic accidents associated to suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine. II.--Encephalitogenicity of murine brain myelin preparations.Ann Immunol (Paris). 1974 Nov;125(6):925-38. No abstract available.PMID: 4143100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Vasilos AF. [See Related Articles] [Clinical aspects and therapy of neuropathological complications after anti-rabies vaccination]. Vrach Delo. 1965 Jan;1:108-11. Russian. No abstract available.PMID: 4379112; UI: 66069237.Varga SM, Szabo I, Balazs L.[Hyperacute encephalomyelitis following lyssa vaccination]Morphol Igazsagugyi Orv Sz. 1979 Jan;19(1):27-31. Hungarian.PMID: 34789 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Wilcock BP, et al. [See Related Articles] Focal cutaneous vasculitis and alopecia at sites of rabies vaccination in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1986 May 15;188(10):1174-7. PMID: 3721967; UI: 86250293.Vaidya CH, et al. Polyneuritis--a complication of antirabic vaccination. J Postgrad Med. 1970 Jul;16(3):132-4. No abstract available.PMID: 5472424; UI: 71011461Van der Meyden CH, et al. Neurological complications of rabies vaccines. S Afr Med J. 1978 Apr 1;53(13):478. No abstract available.PMID: 27870; UI: 78228867.Wilbrandt D, et al. [Rabies vaccination and neuroparalytic postvaccinal complications. Case report]. Dtsch Gesundheitsw. 1972 Nov 16;27(46):2184-7. German. No abstract available.PMID: 4405458; UI: 73087932.Warrell MJ, et al. Rapid diagnosis of rabies and post-vaccinal encephalitides. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988 Feb;71(2):229-34. PMID: 2894908; UI: 88165606.Zintchenko (1965) has reported 12 patients in whom multiple sclerois first became evident after a course of anti-rabies vaccination--British Medical Journal 2:210-213, 1967.ANIMALRehulova E, et al. [Neural complications after preventive vaccination of beagles against rabies]. Vet Med (Praha). 1971 Sep;16(9):571-4. Czech. No abstract available.PMID: 4400548; UI: 72107112.Rabies vaccineThis response submitted by on 12/24/98.Email Address:I am a 48 yr old female and was bitten when I was about 8 yrs old...It is my understanding that the older form of rabies vaccine is the worst for causing neuro symptoms....I dont think I was ever the same afteer the vaccines (looking back everyone thought I was normal but I know now I was not . ...something was wrong with me but I had to break befor it was recognized...It started with obcessive compulsive behavior right after that(now I want you to know I am in a very emotionally balanced family...no problems..no stresses causing the symptoms) Then as I got older, I just didnt have as much energy as my peers...my legs gave out...I got fatigued so easily....was just so exausted...got weaker....just didnt feel like doing anything ....mentally I had ambition but that is as far as my ambition got....THen when I was 21, I had a host of problems related to the autonomic nervous system which no on e knew was the cause or understood......When I was 36, I literly felt like I was dying...body began to shut down and was sooooo weak..A fter going to 4 neurologist, I went to a major center and was diagnosed as having demylinating neurapathy with dysautonomia......not much they can do except treat the symptoms....as for me, I pray for a miracle and do the alternative treatment. It has been 10 yrs since my diagnosis and I am still here where as I thought Id be dead or at least in a wheel chair by now.....Let me know more about your situation...was so glad to have somone to talk to about this since it is never mentioned...Blessings to you this and all Christmas......Thankshttp://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/forum/VaccineorDTPInjuriesF/Sure..begladto.htmlRabies vaccineThis article submitted by S.M. on 12/24/98.Email Address:Has anyone ever had trouble with rabies vaccine? When I was 5yrs old (1976) I received the 23 rabie shots in my stomach for a severe facial dog bite. In 1993 I began having demyelination in my rt arm, also numb patches on all my limbs. Recent diagnosis is a immune mediated polyneurolpathy. She would like to call in CIDP but I no longer have any motor demyelination, it is all sensory related. Although I do have general progressive limb weakness in my upper extremities. ALso joint pain in my rt knee, hip, and rt thumb.Was just wondering if anyone has any information regarding this. It would be very helpful for me. Thank you

Not all but here is a partial list from Wikipedia.List of national independence days - WikipediaDate of holidayYear celebratedEvent celebratedName of holidayAfghanistanAugust 191919Independence from the United Kingdom in 1919.Afghan Independence DayAlbaniaNovember 281912Declared by Ismail Qemal Vlora in 1912 and signaled the end of five centuries of Ottoman rule.Independence Day/Dita e PavarësisëAlgeriaJuly 51962Independence from France in 1962.Independence Day (Algeria)AngolaNovember 111975Independence from Portugal in 1975.AnguillaMay 301967Independence from St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla in 1967.Anguilla DayAntigua and BarbudaNovember 11981Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981.Independence Day[1]ArgentinaJuly 91816Independence declared from the Spanish Empire in 1816.Independence DayArmeniaMay 281918Declaration of independence from Russian Empire in 1918.September 211991Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.Independence DayAustraliaMarch 31986Independence from the United Kingdom in 1986, after the passing of the Australia Act 1986.Independence Day (not to be confused with Australia Day)AustriaOctober 261955Restoration of sovereignty and signing of the Declaration of Neutrality in 1955.National DayAzerbaijanMay 281918Independence from the Russian Empire in 1918 and declaration of the Republic.Republic DayOctober 181991Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union in 1991.Day of the State Independence of AzerbaijanBahamas, TheJuly 101973Independence from the United Kingdom in 1973.Bahamian Independence DayBahrainDecember 161971Independence from the United Kingdom in 1971.Bahrain Independence DayBangladeshMarch 261971Independence was declared from Pakistan and this led to a nine-month war ending on December 16, 1971.Independence Day of BangladeshBarbadosNovember 301966Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966.Independence DayBelarusJuly 31944The liberation of Minsk after several years of German occupation in 1944.Independence Day of BelarusBelgiumJuly 211831Independence from the United Netherlands (Belgian revolution) on October 4, 1830. Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld took the oath as first King of the Belgians on July 21, 1831.Belgian National DayBelizeSeptember 211981Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981.September CelebrationsBeninAugust 11960Independence from France in 1960.BoliviaAugust 61825Independence from Spain in 1825.Bosnia and HerzegovinaMarch 11992Independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.Independence Day (Bosnia and Herzegovina)BotswanaSeptember 301966Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966Independence Day (Botswana)BrazilSeptember 71822Independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves on September 7, 1822. Recognized on August 29, 1825.Dia da Independência or Sete de SetembroBruneiJanuary 11984Independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. National Day celebrations are held on February 23.National DayBulgariaMarch 31878Independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878.Burkina FasoAugust 51960Independence from France in 1960.BurundiJuly 11962Independence from Belgium in 1962.Independence DayCambodiaNovember 91953Independence from France in 1953.CameroonJanuary 11960Independence from France and United Kingdom in 1960.CanadaJuly 11867Granted nominal independence from United Kingdom in 1867. However, as the current province of Newfoundland and Labrador was a former British dominion, it celebrates Discovery Day on June 24 and mourns on July 1 for their World War I war dead. See Memorial Day (Newfoundland and Labrador).Canada Day (Prior to 1982 known as Dominion Day)Cape VerdeJuly 51975Independence from Portugal in 1975.Central African RepublicAugust 131960Independence from France in 1960.ChadAugust 111960Independence from France in 1960.ChileSeptember 181810Chileans celebrate the date of the first Government Junta, September 18, 1810. This date was not recognized as such until April 25, 1844.[clarification needed]Fiestas PatriasFebruary 121818Independence from Spain in 1818.Not a holidayChinaOctober 11949Independence from Kuomintang and establishment of People's Republic of China by the Chinese Communist Party.National Day of the People's Republic of ChinaColombiaJuly 20 and August 71810 and 1819Independence from Spain in 1810.ComorosJuly 61975Independence from France in 1975.Congo, Democratic Republic of theJune 301960Independence from Belgium in 1960.Congo, Republic of theAugust 151960Independence from France in 1960.Costa RicaSeptember 151821Independence from Spain in 1821.Côte d’IvoireAugust 71960Independence from France in 1960.CroatiaOctober 81991Independence from SFR Yugoslavia in 1991.Independence Day (Croatia)CubaJanuary 11959Independence from Spain in 1902, but Cuba National Day is celebrated on January 1 (Anniversary of the Revolution).CyprusOctober 11960Independence from the United Kingdom on August 16, 1960, but Cyprus Independence Day is commonly celebrated on October 1.Independence Day (Cyprus)Czech RepublicOctober 281918As Czechoslovakia, marking foundation and declaration of independence from Austria-Hungary on October 28, 1918.January 11993As the Czech Republic after the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993.DjiboutiJune 271977Independence from France in 1977.DominicaNovember 31978Independence from the United Kingdom in 1978.Dominican RepublicFebruary 2718211844Independence from Spain on December 1821.[2]Independence re-declared from Haiti in 1844, after a 22-year occupation.East TimorMay 202002Independence from Portugal in 2002 (recognition, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia from 1975 to 1999, officially it never ceased to be considered as administrated by Portugal).EcuadorAugust 101809Proclaimed independence from Spain on August 10, 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement on August 2, 1810.May 241822Independence finally occurred on May 24, 1822 at the Battle of Pichincha.El SalvadorSeptember 151821Independence from Spain in 1821.Equatorial GuineaOctober 121968Independence from Spain in 1968.EritreaMay 241993Independence from Ethiopia in 1993.Independence Day (Eritrea)EstoniaFebruary 241918Independence from the Russian Empire in 1918.Independence Day (Estonia)August 201991Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union in 1991.EswatiniSeptember 61968Independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.Somhlolo DayFijiOctober 101970Independence from the United Kingdom in 1970.Fiji DayFinlandDecember 61917Independence from Russia in 1917. Recognized on January 4, 1918.Independence Day (Finland)FranceJuly 141789Storming and Destruction of the Bastille by the French troops.Bastille DayGabonAugust 171960Independence from France in 1960.Gambia, TheFebruary 181965Independence from the United Kingdom in 1965.GeorgiaMay 261918Day of the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918.Independence DayApril 91991Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.Day of National UnityGermanyOctober 31990Federal Republic of Germany and the Democratic Republic of Germany united to create one single, federal Germany on October 3, 1990.German Unity DayGhanaMarch 61957Independence from the United Kingdom in 1957.GreeceMarch 251821Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire in 1821. Start of the Greek War of Independence.GrenadaFebruary 71974Independence from the United Kingdom in 1974.Independence Day (Grenada)GuatemalaSeptember 151821Independence from Spain in 1821.GuineaOctober 21958Independence from France in 1958.Guinea-BissauSeptember 241973Declaration of independence from Portugal in 1973.GuyanaMay 261966Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966.HaitiJanuary 11804Declaration of independence from France in 1804.HondurasSeptember 151821Independence from Spain in 1821.Hong KongJuly 11997Transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China in 1997.Establishment Day (of the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong)HungaryOctober 231989Opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989, and establishment as a democratic parliamentary republic.IcelandJune 171944Foundation of republic in 1944.IndiaAugust 151947Independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.Independence Day (India)IndonesiaAugust 171945Declaration of Independence day (Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan R.I.) from the Netherlands on August 17, 1945. The Netherlands acknowledged Indonesian independence and sovereignty in 1949. The Dutch government formally acknowledged August 17, 1945 as the only true date of Indonesian Independence in 2008.[3][not in citation given]Hari Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, or Hari Ulang Tahun Kemerdekaan Indonesia (Independence Anniversary Day of Indonesia)IranApril 11979After holding a referendum, Iran officially became an Islamic republic in April 1979.IraqOctober 31932Independence from the United Kingdom in 1932.IrelandApril 241916Proclamation of the Irish Republic commencing the Easter Rising on April 24, 1916. Independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Usually celebrated on Easter Monday.IsraelIyar 5(On or between April 15 and May 15, depending on the Hebrew calendar).1948Independence from the British Mandate for Palestine, which took place on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 5708 in the Hebrew calendar). Yom Ha'atzmaut is celebrated on the Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nearest to 5 Iyar, so it occurs between 3 and 6 Iyar each year; this means that the holiday can fall any time between and including April 15 and May 15, according to the Gregorian calendar.Yom Ha'atzmautJamaicaAugust 61962Independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.JordanMay 251946Independence from the United Kingdom in 1946.KazakhstanDecember 161991Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.Kazakhstan Independence DayKenyaDecember 121963Independence from the United Kingdom in 1963.Jamhuri DayKiribatiJuly 121979Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979.PDRK (North Korea)August 151945Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1948. Korean War 1950-1953.Chogukhaebangŭi nalRepublic of Korea (South Korea)March 11919Korean Declaration of Independence in 1919. This day is celebrated as Samiljeol, or Independence Proclamation Day.SamiljeolAugust 151945Liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. See Japanese Occupation of Korea. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919. Korean War 1950-1953.GwangbokjeolKosovoFebruary 172008Independence from Serbia in 2008. (Only partially recognized)KuwaitFebruary 251961Independence from the United Kingdom in 1961.KyrgyzstanAugust 311991Independence from USSR in 1991.Independence Day (Kyrgyzstan)LaosOctober 221953Independence from France on October 22, 1953.LatviaNovember 181918Proclamation of independence on November 18, 1918. Latvia was part of Russian Empire prior to the WWI, but its territory had been ceded to German Empire in March 1918Proclamation Day of the Republic of LatviaMay 41990Restoration of independence from Soviet Union on May 4, 1990.LebanonNovember 221943Independence from France in 1943.Lebanese Independence DayLesothoOctober 41966Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966.LiberiaJuly 261847Independence from the American Colonization Society in 1847.LibyaDecember 241951Independence from Italy on 10 February 1947, released from British and French on December 24, 1951.LithuaniaFebruary 161918Act of Independence of Lithuania: Independence from the Russian and German Empires in February 1918.March 111990Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania: independence from the Soviet Union in March 1990.MacauDecember 201999Transfer of sovereignty from Portugal to China in 1997.Establishment Day (of the Special Administrative Region of Macau)MadagascarJune 261960Independence from France in 1960.MalawiJuly 61964Independence from the United Kingdom in 1964.MalaysiaAugust 311957Independence of the Federation of Malaya from the United Kingdom in 1957.Hari MerdekaMaldivesJuly 261965Independence from the United Kingdom in 1965.MaliSeptember 221960Independence from France in 1960.MaltaSeptember 211964Independence from the United Kingdom in 1964.Independence DayMauritaniaNovember 281960Independence from France in 1960.MauritiusMarch 121968Independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.MexicoSeptember 161810Independence from Spain declared in 1810. ("grito" ceremony at night of Sep 15; military parade at midday of Sep 16). Recognized on September 27, 1821.Grito de DoloresMoldovaAugust 271991Declaration of Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.Independence DayMongoliaDecember 29[4]1911Independence from the Great Qing in 1911.[5][6]However, the newly established Mongolian government was too weak to resist the occupation of the Republic of China in 1919 and later White Russia in early 1921. After ousting Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's forces, the new communist government was officially established on June 11, 1921.[7]Independence Day (Mongolia)MontenegroMay 212006Referendum on independence from Serbia and Montenegro in 2006.MoroccoNovember 181956Independence from France and Spain in 1956.Independence DayMozambiqueJune 251975Independence from Portugal in 1975.MyanmarJanuary 41948Independence from the United Kingdom in 1948.Independence Day (Myanmar)NamibiaMarch 211990Independence from South Africa mandated in 1990.NauruJanuary 311968Independence from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom in 1968.Netherlands, TheJuly 261581Declaration of Independence from Spanish Empire in 1581 as the Dutch Republic.NicaraguaSeptember 151821Independence from Spain in 1821.NigerAugust 31960Independence from France in 1960.Independence Day (Niger)NigeriaOctober 11960Independence from the United Kingdom in 1960.Independence Day (Nigeria)North MacedoniaSeptember 81991Independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.Den na nezavisnosta or Ден на независностаNorthern CyprusNovember 151983Declaration of independence from the Republic of Cyprus in 1983. (Partially recognized)NorwayMay 171814Independence from Denmark (1814) and the Constitution of Norway (May 17, 1814).National day/Constitution DayJune 71905Finally independence from Sweden in 1905. The Norwegian Royal Family's return from exile during WWII in 1945.Independence Day/Union Dissolution DayOmanNovember 181650Independence from Portugal in 1650.National DayPakistanAugust 141947Independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.Youm-e-AzadiPanamaNovember 281821Independence from Spain in 1821.November 31903Panama was member of the "Gran Colombia" until 1903. The 1903 separation from Colombia is celebrated as an official holiday day on November 3.Papua New GuineaSeptember 161975Independence from Australia of the former Territory of Papua and New Guinea in 1975.ParaguayMay 151811Independence from Spain in 1811.[8]Día de IndependenciaPeruJuly 281821Independence from Spain in 1821.Fiestas PatriasPhilippinesJune 121898Commemorates 1898 declaration by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Philippines achieved self-rule from the United States on July 4, 1946, and celebrated July 4 as Independence Day until 1964.[11]Araw ng Kalayaan or Araw ng KasarinlanPolandNovember 111918Restoration of Poland's independence in 1918 after 123 years of partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria.Święto Niepodległości (Independence Day)PortugalDecember 11640Portugal was officially an autonomous state, but the country was in a personal union with the Spanish crown from 1580 to 1640 - date of the restoration of full Portuguese autonomy from Iberian Union with Spain.[12]Restoration of Independence DayQatarDecember 181971Original independence from the United Kingdom on 7 September.Qatar National DayRomaniaMay 91877Romania's declaration of its independence, while the ultimately victorious independence war against the Ottoman Empire in 1877–1878 alongside Russia, was just beginning.[13]RussiaJune 121992It commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) on June 12, 1990. The passage of this Declaration by the First Congress of People's Deputies marked the beginning of constitutional reform in the Russian Soviet state.Russia DayRwandaJuly 11962Independence from Belgium in 1962.Saint Kitts and NevisSeptember 191983Independence from the United Kingdom in 1983.Saint LuciaFebruary 221979Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979.Independence DaySaint Vincent and the GrenadinesOctober 271979Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979.SamoaJanuary 11962Independence from New Zealand in 1962.São Tomé and PríncipeJuly 121975Independence from Portugal in 1975.SenegalApril 41960Independence from France in 1960.SerbiaFebruary 151804The beginning of First Serbian Uprising in 1804, it evolved into a Serbian Revolution, war for independence from Ottoman Empire; and the adoption of the first Constitution in 1835.Statehood DaySeychellesJune 291976Independence from the United Kingdom in 1976.Sierra LeoneApril 271961Independence from the United Kingdom in 1961.SingaporeAugust 91965Marks expulsion from the Malaysian Federation in 1965. Only independent state to have an Independence Day due to its expulsion.National Day (Singapore)SlovakiaJuly 171992Declaration of Independence in 1992 (only a remembrance day), de jure independence came on January 1, 1993 after the division of Czechoslovakia (public holiday).SloveniaDecember 26 and June 251991Date of the release of the official results of the independence plebiscite in 1990, confirming secession from Yugoslavia. (Statehood Day) Declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.Independence and Unity DaySolomon IslandsJuly 71978Independence from the United Kingdom in 1978.SomaliaJuly 11960Union of the Trust Territory of Somalia (former Italian Somaliland) and British Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. Event commemorated annually.Independence Day (Somalia)South AfricaDecember 111931Independence from the United Kingdom in 1931 in terms of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 which is not a public holiday. The Union of South Africa formed on May 31, 1910 and the Republic of South Africa declared on May 31, 1961 under minority rule during Apartheid. Majority rule achieved on April 27, 1994, which is celebrated annually as Freedom Day.South SudanJuly 92011Independence from Sudan in 2011.Sri LankaFebruary 41948Independence from the United Kingdom in 1948.Independence Day (Sri Lanka)SudanJanuary 11956Independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956.SurinameNovember 251975Independence from the Netherlands in 1975.SwedenJune 61523Celebrates the election of King Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the new constitutions in 1809 and 1974. The election of King Gustav Vasa was the de facto end of the Kalmar Unionand has been seen as a formal declaration of independence.National Day of SwedenSwitzerlandAugust 11291Alliance against the Holy Roman Empire in 1291.Swiss National DaySyriaApril 171946End of the French Mandate of Syria in 1946.Evacuation DayTaiwanOctober 101911Independence from the Great Qing in 1911. The Republic of China was founded on the mainland on 1 January 1912 while Taiwan was under Japanese rule.National Day of the Republic of ChinaTajikistanSeptember 91991Independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.Independence Day (Tajikistan)TanzaniaDecember 91961Independence of Tanganyika from the United Kingdom in 1961.TogoApril 271960Independence from France in 1960.TibetFebruary 131913Independence from Manchu's Qing Dynasty in 1913. Later invaded in October 1950 by China and currently administered by China.Tibetan Independence DayTongaJune 41970Termination of protectorate status under the United Kingdom in 1970.Trinidad and TobagoAugust 311962Independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.TunisiaMarch 201956Independence from France in 1956.TurkmenistanOctober 271991Declaration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.[14]Independence Day (Turkmenistan)TuvaluOctober 11978Independence from the United Kingdom in 1978.UgandaOctober 91962Independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.UkraineAugust 241991Declaration of Independence of Ukraine from the Soviet Union in 1991.Independence Day of UkraineJanuary 221919Unification of Ukraine on January 22, 1919.[15]Day of Unity of UkraineUnited Arab EmiratesDecember 21971Independence from the United Kingdom in 1971.National DayUnited StatesJuly 41776Declaration of Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain (now the United Kingdom) in 1776.Independence Day (United States) or Fourth of JulyUruguayAugust 251825Declaration of independence from the Empire of Brazil and union with the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.Declaratoria de la IndependenciaUzbekistanSeptember 11991Independence from Soviet Union in 1991.Independence Day (Uzbekistan)VanuatuJuly 301980Independence from the United Kingdom and France in 1980.VenezuelaJuly 51811Declaration of independence from Spain in 1811.VietnamSeptember 21945Proclamation of independence from Japan and France in 1945.Independence Day (Vietnam)YemenNovember 301967South Yemen Declaration of independence from the United Kingdom in 1967.ZambiaOctober 241964Independence from the United Kingdom in 1964.ZimbabweApril 181980Independence from the United Kingdom in 1980.S

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clarifying the confusion: a review.[Arch Dis Child. 2005]Comparative effects of methylphenidate and mixed salts amphetamine on height and weight in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006]Does prolonged therapy with a long-acting stimulant suppress growth in children with ADHD?[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006]Effects of stimulant medication on growth rates across 3 years in the MTA follow-up.[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007]Comparative effects of methylphenidate and mixed salts amphetamine on height and weight in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006]Stimulant treatment over 5 years: effects on growth.[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006]Effects of stimulant medication on growth rates across 3 years in the MTA follow-up.[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007]Does prolonged therapy with a long-acting stimulant suppress growth in children with ADHD?[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006]Stimulant-related reductions of growth rates in the PATS.[J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006]Review NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of amphetamines.[NTP CERHR MON. 2005]Review Treatment for amphetamine dependence and abuse.[Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001]Review Biological treatments for amfetamine dependence : recent progress.[CNS Drugs. 2007]Use of d-amphetamine and related central nervous system stimulants in children.[Pediatrics. 1973]Why do we need an Addiction supplement focused on methamphetamine?[Addiction. 2007]Review NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of amphetamines.[NTP CERHR MON. 2005]Analysis of pyrolysis products of methamphetamine.[J Anal Toxicol. 2004]Stimulant use and the potential for abuse in Wisconsin as reported by school administrators and longitudinally followed children.[J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1998]The use, misuse and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school students.[Subst Use Misuse. 2004]Medical use, illicit use and diversion of prescription stimulant medication.[J Psychoactive Drugs. 2006]Medical use, illicit use, and diversion of abusable prescription drugs.[J Am Coll Health. 2006]Medical and nonmedical stimulant use among adolescents: from sanctioned to unsanctioned use.[CMAJ. 2001]Issues of medication administration and control in Iowa schools.[J Sch Health. 2003]Parents report on stimulant-treated children in the Netherlands: initiation of treatment and follow-up care.[J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006]Review Therapeutic advances in narcolepsy.[Sleep Med. 2007]Review Narcolepsy.[Neurol Clin. 1996]Reinforcing, subject-rated, performance and physiological effects of methylphenidate and d-amphetamine in stimulant abusing humans.[J Psychopharmacol. 2004]Review Comparing the abuse potential of methylphenidate versus other stimulants: a review of available evidence and relevance to the ADHD patient.[J Clin Psychiatry. 2003]Discriminative stimulus and self-reported effects of methylphenidate, d-amphetamine, and triazolam in methylphenidate-trained humans.[Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005]PET study examining pharmacokinetics, detection and likeability, and dopamine transporter receptor occupancy of short- and long-acting oral methylphenidate.[Am J Psychiatry. 2006]Review When ADHD and substance use disorders intersect: relationship and treatment implications.[Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007]Do individuals with ADHD self-medicate with cigarettes and substances of abuse? 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striatum.[Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1993]Age-dependent differential responses of monoaminergic systems to high doses of methamphetamine.[J Neurochem. 2000]Tolerance to the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine in young rats.[Eur J Pharmacol. 2002]Stimulant therapy and risk for subsequent substance use disorders in male adults with ADHD: a naturalistic controlled 10-year follow-up study.[Am J Psychiatry. 2008]Age of methylphenidate treatment initiation in children with ADHD and later substance abuse: prospective follow-up into adulthood.[Am J Psychiatry. 2008]Review Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain.[Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008]Psychiatric comorbidity of methamphetamine dependence in a forensic sample.[J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000]Association of dopamine transporter reduction with psychomotor impairment in methamphetamine abusers.[Am J Psychiatry. 2001]Methamphetamine blood concentrations in human abusers: application to pharmacokinetic modeling.[Synapse. 2007]Review Structural and metabolic brain changes in the striatum associated with methamphetamine abuse.[Addiction. 2007]Review Current research on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: animal models of monoamine disruption.[J Pharmacol Sci. 2003]Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?[Brain. 2004]Striatal dopamine nerve terminal markers in human, chronic methamphetamine users.[Nat Med. 1996]Reduced striatal vesicular monoamine transporters after neurotoxic but not after behaviorally-sensitizing doses of methamphetamine.[Eur J Pharmacol. 1997]Analysis of VMAT2 binding after methamphetamine or MPTP treatment: disparity between homogenates and vesicle preparations.[J Neurochem. 2000]Effects of dopaminergic drug treatments on in vivo radioligand binding to brain vesicular monoamine transporters.[Nucl Med Biol. 1996]The vesicular monoamine transporter is not regulated by dopaminergic drug treatments.[Eur J Pharmacol. 1995]Review Structural and metabolic brain changes in the striatum associated with methamphetamine abuse.[Addiction. 2007]Mood disturbances and regional cerebral metabolic abnormalities in recently abstinent methamphetamine abusers.[Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004]Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism during early abstinence from chronic methamphetamine abuse.[Mol Psychiatry. 2008]Higher cortical and lower subcortical metabolism in detoxified methamphetamine abusers.[Am J Psychiatry. 2001]Partial recovery of brain metabolism in methamphetamine abusers after protracted abstinence.[Am J Psychiatry. 2004]Structural abnormalities in the brains of human subjects who use methamphetamine.[J Neurosci. 2004]Enlarged striatum in abstinent methamphetamine abusers: a possible compensatory response.[Biol Psychiatry. 2005]Effects of methamphetamine dependence and HIV infection on cerebral morphology.[Am J Psychiatry. 2005]Review Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain.[Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008]Evidence for long-term neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse: A 1H MRS study.[Neurology. 2000]Association of dopamine transporter reduction with psychomotor impairment in methamphetamine abusers.[Am J Psychiatry. 2001]Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex.[Am J Psychiatry. 2001]Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism during early abstinence from chronic methamphetamine abuse.[Mol Psychiatry. 2008]Higher cortical and lower subcortical metabolism in detoxified methamphetamine abusers.[Am J Psychiatry. 2001]Mood disturbances and regional cerebral metabolic abnormalities in recently abstinent methamphetamine abusers.[Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004]Cerebral metabolic dysfunction and impaired vigilance in recently abstinent methamphetamine abusers.[Biol Psychiatry. 2005]Enlarged striatum in abstinent methamphetamine abusers: a possible compensatory response.[Biol Psychiatry. 2005]Decreased cerebral blood flow of the right anterior cingulate cortex in long-term and short-term abstinent methamphetamine users.[Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006]Loss of dopamine transporters in methamphetamine abusers recovers with protracted abstinence.[J Neurosci. 2001]Partial recovery of brain metabolism in methamphetamine abusers after protracted abstinence.[Am J Psychiatry. 2004]Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism during early abstinence from chronic methamphetamine abuse.[Mol Psychiatry. 2008]The nature, time course and severity of methamphetamine withdrawal.[Addiction. 2005]Methamphetamine abstinence syndrome: preliminary findings.[Am J Addict. 2004]Review Brain injury: prolonged induction of transcription factors.[Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2000]Review Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system.[Psychol Bull. 2005]Review Neuropsychology and neuropharmacology of P3a and P3b.[Int J Psychophysiol. 2006]Effects of repeated administration of methamphetamine on P3-like potentials in rats.[Int J Psychophysiol. 1999]Review NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of amphetamines.[NTP CERHR MON. 2005]Amphetamine treatment similar to that used in the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder damages dopaminergic nerve endings in the striatum of adult nonhuman primates.[J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005]Review Drugs of abuse and the aging brain.[Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008]Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals.[Am J Psychiatry. 1998]Association between age-related decline in brain dopamine activity and impairment in frontal and cingulate metabolism.[Am J Psychiatry. 2000]Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers.[Synapse. 1993]Review A neurologist's reflections on boxing. 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glutathione adduct formation.[Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006]Psychotic side effects of psychostimulants: a 5-year review.[Can J Psychiatry. 1999]Adderall-induced psychosis in an adolescent.[J Am Board Fam Pract. 2002]Psychotic and manic-like symptoms during stimulant treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.[Am J Psychiatry. 2006]Nine- or fewer repeat alleles in VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene is a strong risk factor for prolonged methamphetamine psychosis.[Pharmacogenomics J. 2003]Review [Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse (JGIDA)].[Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2004]Risks of high-dose stimulants in the treatment of disorders of excessive somnolence: a case-control study.[Sleep. 2005]Psychiatric morbidity in narcoleptics on chronic high dose methylphenidate therapy.[J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995]Genetic influences on DSM-III-R drug abuse and dependence: a study of 3,372 twin pairs.[Am J Med Genet. 1996]Genetic and environmental influences on drug use and abuse/dependence in male and female twins.[Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998]Review [Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse (JGIDA)].[Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2004]Nine- or fewer repeat alleles in VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene is a strong risk factor for prolonged methamphetamine psychosis.[Pharmacogenomics J. 2003]An association study between catechol-O-methyl transferase gene polymorphism and methamphetamine psychotic disorder.[Psychiatr Genet. 2006]Identification of functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human PICK1 gene and their association with methamphetamine psychosis.[Am J Psychiatry. 2007]Dopamine transporter-dependent induction of C-Fos in HEK cells.[Synapse. 2002]Review [Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse (JGIDA)].[Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2004]Review Lithium and valproate protect against dextro-amphetamine induced brain choline concentration changes in bipolar disorder patients.[World J Biol Psychiatry. 2004]Nomifensine attenuates d-amphetamine-induced dopamine terminal neurotoxicity in the striatum of rats.[Chin J Physiol. 2000]Methyllycaconitine prevents methamphetamine-induced effects in mouse striatum: involvement of alpha7 nicotinic receptors.[J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005]Attenuation of cocaine and methamphetamine neurotoxicity by coenzyme Q10.[Neurochem Res. 2006]Baicalein attenuates methamphetamine-induced loss of dopamine transporter in mouse striatum.[Toxicology. 2006]Melatonin protects SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells from amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.[J Pineal Res. 2007]Impairment in consolidation of learned place preference following dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice is ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine but not D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonists.[Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007]Review Combining structural and functional neuroimaging data for studying brain connectivity: a review.[Psychophysiology. 2008]Review Brain mapping as a tool to study 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