Authorization For Direct Deposit Of Annuity Payments: Fill & Download for Free

If by some strange chance I actually won, I have several steps I would initially take.I would make a beeline to my local Credit Union and rent a safe deposit box for the ticket. Will say why latter.I would have a talk with the manager of the bank or the CEO of the Cedit Union and have them set up an appointment between them, a lawyer, an accountant and myself.At that meeting, I would explain the situation and tell them I plan to wait till the last minute to claim the prize so hopefully the furor has died down by then, hence the safety deposit box. Then I would direct the lawyer and accountant to go through my credit history with a fine tooth comb and pay off any past debts I might have no matter how old and ask the Credit Union to temporairly pick up this tab in exchange for me keeping a sizeable account with them.Then once I claimed the prize a month or more latter on an annuity payment, I would deposit the first check with the Credit Union and ask them to set up a second account at a much larger bank to hold the majority of the money in an maximum interest bearing account, while my account with the CU is not to fall below a certain level and not rise above a certain level. Giving then the authority to transfer money between accounts as needed, since at that level I would probably have a personal banker with the CU.Then quarterly I would go review account activity with them and probably live off just the interest.

All you wanted to know about new land acquisition BillThe Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Amendment) Bill, 2015, popularly known as Land bill, was adopted by the Lok Sabha on Tuesday. Here are the six important facts you need to know. Source: PRS | HomeThe Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Amendment) Bill, 2015 seeks to Amend the Act of 2013 (LARR Act, 2013).The Bill creates five special categories of land use: 1. defence, 2. rural infrastructure, 3. affordable housing, 4. industrial corridors, and 5. infrastructure projects including Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects where the central government owns the landThe Bill exempts the five categories from provisions of the LARR Act, 2013 which requires the consent of 80 per cent of land owners to be obtained for private projects and that of 70 per cent of land owners for PPP projects.The Bill allows exemption for projects in these five categories from requiring Social Impact Assessment be done to identify those affected and from the restrictions on the acquisition of irrigated multi-cropped land imposed by LARR Act 2013.The Bill brings provisions for compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement under other related Acts such as the National Highways Act and the Railways Act in consonance with the LARR Act.The Bill changes acquisition of land for private companies mentioned in LARR Act, 2013 to acquisition for ‘private entities’. A private entity could include companies, corporations and nonprofit organizations.mpact of Amendment of Land Acquisition BillIndia’s new land acquisition Bill, praised in some quarters and reviled in others, is a complex piece of legislation. It was passed by the Lok Sabha on Thursday and will likely be passed by the Rajya Sabha shortly as well. The government has issued a document explaining the tenets of the Bill that offers a comprehensive explanation of a law that will change how land is acquired and owners are compensated in India.Some frequently asked questions on the land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation Bill:What is the significance of the new title ‘The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement Bill 2012’?The title of the old law conveyed that its primary purpose was to expedite the acquisition of land. However, the principle objective of the new Bill is fair compensation, thorough resettlement and rehabilitation of those affected, adequate safeguards for their well-being and complete transparency in the process of land acquisition. The title has been amended to reflect this.Why is there a need for a new Bill?There is unanimity of opinion across the social and political spectrum that the current Law (The Land Acquisition Act 1894) suffers from various shortcomings. Some of these include:Forced acquisitions: Under the 1894 legislation once the acquiring authority has formed the intention to acquire a particular plot of land, it can carry out the acquisition regardless of how the person whose land is sought to be acquired is affected.No safeguards: There is no real appeal mechanism to stop the process of the acquisition. A hearing (under section 5A) is prescribed but this is not a discussion or negotiation. The views expressed are not required to be taken on board by the officer conducting the hearing.Silent on resettlement and rehabilitation of those displaced: There are absolutely no provisions in the 1894 law relating to the resettlement and rehabilitation of those displaced by the acquisition.Urgency clause: This is the most criticised section of the Law. The clause never truly defines what constitutes an urgent need and leaves it to the discretion of the acquiring authority. As a result almost all acquisitions under the Act invoke the urgency clause. This results in the complete dispossession of the land without even the token satisfaction of the processes listed under the Act.Low rates of compensation: The rates paid for the land acquired are the prevailing circle rates in the area which are notorious for being outdated and hence not even remotely indicative of the actual rates prevailing in the area.Litigation: Even where acquisition has been carried out the same has been challenged in litigations on the grounds mentioned above. This results in the stalling of legitimate infrastructure projects.Recent observations by the Supreme Court: Justice Ganpat Singhvi of the Supreme Court has observed, in the wake of repeated violations that have come to light over the last few months, that the law has “become a fraud”. He observed that the law seems to have been drafted with “scant regard for the welfare of the common man”.Another bench of the Supreme Court has echoed this sentiment in its observation that “[T] he provisions contained in the Act, of late, have been felt by all concerned, do not adequately protect the interest of the land owners/persons interested in the land. The Act does not provide for rehabilitation of persons displaced from their land although by such compulsory acquisition, their livelihood gets affected …To say the least, the Act has become outdated and needs to be replaced at the earliest by fair, reasonable and rational enactment in tune with the constitutional provisions, particularly, Article 300A of the Constitution. We expect the law making process for a comprehensive enactment with regard to acquisition of land being completed without any unnecessary delay.”Why does the government need to acquire land for private companies as well as public-private partnership projects?Land Records in most parts of the country are fragmented and disorganised. In most cases they haven’t been updated for decades. The new law overcomes that by ensuring the Collector updates the land records and also pays up to four times the value to correct any inaccuracies.If land is purchased then there are no benefits for livelihood losers who are usually far greater in number than the land owners. This Bill ensures that they are taken care of and not simply displaced.The inequality in terms of bargaining power between large-scale corporations and small farmers and other marginalized groups increases the likelihood of unfair agreements. Contracts tend to be signed in favor of the party negotiating from a greater position of strength. That is why government is required to bridge the gap and bring balance to this relationship.A legitimate need for acquisition by the state itself (to build public goods such as roads, schools and hospitals) can be undermined and stalled by groups with vested interests. If there is no sovereign power to compel these groups, a single individual or group of individuals can hold a process hostage merely by refusing to part with land. Further, in times of crisis such as war, famine and floods, coupled with absence of legislation clarifying and guiding the state’s exercise of ‘eminent domain’, situations can emerge jeopardising human lives.What are the highlights of the new Bill?Compensation: Given the inaccurate nature of circle rates, the Bill proposes the payment of compensations that are up to four times the market value in rural areas and twice the market value in urban areas.R&R: This is the very first law that links land acquisition and the accompanying obligations for resettlement and rehabilitation. Over five chapters and two entire Schedules have been dedicated to outlining elaborate processes (and entitlements) for resettlement and rehabilitation. The Second Schedule in particular outlines the benefits (such as land for land, housing, employment and annuities) that shall accrue in addition to the one-time cash payments.Retrospective operation: To address historical injustice the Bill applies retrospectively to cases where no land acquisition award has been made. Also in cases where the land was acquired five years ago but no compensation has been paid or no possession has taken place then the land acquisition process will be started afresh in accordance with the provisions of this act.Multiple checks and balances: A ‘comprehensive, participative and meaningful’ process (involving the participation of local Panchayati Raj institutions) has been put in place prior to the start of any acquisition proceeding. Monitoring committees at the national and state levels to ensure that R&R obligations are met have also been established.Special safeguards for tribal communities and other disadvantaged groups: No law can be acquired in scheduled areas without the consent of the Gram Sabhas. The law also ensures that all rights guaranteed under such legislation as the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 and the Forest Rights Act 2006 are taken care of. It has special enhanced benefits (outlined in a dedicated chapter) for those belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.Safeguards against displacement: The law provides that no one shall be dispossessed until and unless all payments are made and alternative sites for the resettlement and rehabilitation have been prepared. The Third Schedule even lists the infrastructural amenities that have to be provided to those that have been displaced.Compensation for livelihood losers: In addition to those losing land, the Bill provides compensation to those who are dependent on the land being acquired for their livelihood.Consent: In cases where PPP projects are involved or acquisition is taking place for private companies, the Bill requires the consent of no less than 70% and 80% respectively (in both cases) of those whose land is sought to be acquired. This ensures that no forcible acquisition can take place.Caps on acquisition of multi-crop and agricultural land: To safeguard food security and to prevent arbitrary acquisition, the Bill directs states to impose limits on the area under agricultural cultivation that can be acquired.Return of unutilized land: In case land remains unutilized after acquisition, the new Bill empowers states to return the land either to the owner or to the State Land Bank.Exemption from income tax and stamp duty: No income tax shall be levied and no stamp duty shall be charged on any amount that accrues to an individual as a result of the provisions of the new law.Share in appreciated land value: Where the acquired land is sold to a third party for a higher price, 40% of the appreciated land value (or profit) will be shared with the original owners.How are interests and concerns of farmers protected?Photo: Indranil Bhoumik/MintRetrospective effect: Where awards are made but no compensation has been paid or possession has not been taken, compensation shall be paid at the rate prescribed under the new Act. Where the Award has not been made the entire process shall be considered to have lapsed. Also where acquisition has taken place five years prior to the commencement of the new law but no compensation/ possession has taken place the proceedings shall be deemed to have lapsed.Consent: Prior-consent shall be required from 70% of land losers and those working on government assigned lands only in the case of public-private partnership projects and 80% in the case of private companies. This consent also includes consent to the amount of compensation that shall be paid.Return of unutilized land: Land not used can now be returned to the original owners if the state so decides.Share in sale of acquired land increased: The share that has to be distributed among farmers in the increased land value (when the acquired land is sold off to another party) has been set at 40%.Income-tax Exemption: All amounts accruing under this act have been exempted from income tax and from stamp duty.Strict restrictions on multi-crop acquisition: The acquisition of agricultural land and multi-crop land has to be carried out as a last resort. There will be definite restrictions on the extent of acquisition of such land in every state to be determined by the States concerned.Safeguards to ensure fair price: Given the way in which market value is to be calculated and the imposition of a solatium of 100% over and above the amount, the farmers are guaranteed a fair price for their land.Acquisition only if necessary: The Collector has to make sure that no other unutilized lands are available before he moves to acquire farm land.Damage to crops to be included in price: The final award has to include damage to any standing crops which might have been harmed due to the process of acquisition (including the preliminary inspection).Share in developed land: In case their land is acquired for urbanization purposes 20% of the developed land will be reserved and offered to these farmers in proportion to the area of their land acquired and at a price equal to the cost of acquisition and the cost of development.Fishing rights: In the case of irrigation or hydel projects, affected families may be allowed fishing rights in the reservoirs.Additional R&R benefits: Farmers are also entitled to the various rehabilitation and resettlement benefits which are enumerated in response to question 2.Time-bound social impact assessment: The Bill mandates a social impact assessment of every project which must be completed within a period of six months.What are the rehabilitation and resettlement provisions for farmers, landless and livelihood losers?Reduced qualifying criteria: To qualify for benefits under this Act the time period has been reduced to three years of dependence (on the acquired land) from five.Affected family to include tenants: The definition of affected family includes agricultural labourers, tenants including any form of tenancy or usufruct right, share-croppers or artisans who may be working in the affected area for three years prior to the acquisition, whose primary source of livelihood stands affected by the acquisition of land.Houses for all affected families: All affected families are entitled to a house provided they have been residing in an area for five years or more and have been displaced. If they choose not to accept the house they are offered a one-time financial grant in lieu of the same.Choice of annuity or employment: All affected families are given a choice of annuity or employment;If employment is not forthcoming they are entitled to a one-time grant ofRs.5 lakh per family.Alternatively they will provided with an annuity payment ofRs.2,000 per month per family for 20 years (this will be adjusted for inflation).Subsistence allowance: All affected families which are displaced from the land acquired shall be given a monthly subsistence allowance equivalent toRs.3,000 per month for a period of one year from the date of award.Training and skill development: All affected families are also given training and skill development while being offered employment.Miscellaneous amounts: All affected families are given multiple monetary benefits such as transport allowance ofRs.50,000 and resettlement allowance ofRs.50,000.One-time financial assistance: Each affected family of an artisan, small trader or self-employed person shall get one-time financial assistance of such amount as the appropriate government may, by notification, specify subject to a minimum ofRs.25,000.R&R to be completed in all aspects for irrigation projects: In case of acquisition of land for irrigation or hydel project the rehabilitation and resettlement shall be completed six months prior to submergence of the lands proposed to be so acquired.Possession upon fulfilment of conditions under Act: The Collector shall take possession of land only ensuring that full payment of compensation as well as rehabilitation and resettlement entitlements are paid or tendered to the entitled persons within a period of three months for the compensation and a period of six months for the monetary part of rehabilitation and resettlement entitlements commencing from the date of the award. However, families will not be displaced from this land till their alternative R&R sites are ready for occupation.Time Limit for provision of R&R entitlements: The components of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package in the Second and Third Schedules that relate to infrastructural entitlements shall be provided within a period of 18 months from the date of the award.How are interests and concerns of scheduled castes and schedules tribes protected?Separate chapter: A separate Chapter has been carved out to protect interests of tribals and those belonging to the Scheduled Castes. Where acquisition does take place it shall be done as a demonstrable last resort.Approval: As far as possible no acquisition shall take place in the Scheduled Areas. And where such acquisition does take place it has to be done with the approval/ consent of the local institutions of self-governance (including the autonomous councils where they exist).Development plan: A Development Plan has to be prepared laying down the details of procedure for settling land rights due but not settled and restoring titles of tribals on alienated land by undertaking a special drive together with land acquisition. The Plan must also contain a programme for development of alternate fuel, fodder and non-timber forest produce resources on non-forest lands within a period of five years sufficient to meet the requirements of tribal communities as well as the Scheduled Castes.One-third to be paid up-front: In case of land being acquired from members of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes, at least one-third of the compensation amount due shall be paid to the affected families at the outset as first instalment and the rest shall precede the taking over of the possession of the land.Resettlement in the same scheduled area: The Scheduled Tribes affected families shall be resettled preferable in the same Scheduled Area in a compact block so that they can retain their ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity.Land for community: The resettlement areas predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall get land, to such extent as may be decided by the appropriate Government free of cost for community and social gatherings.Alienation of tribal lands to be void: Any alienation of tribal lands or lands belonging to members of the Scheduled Castes in disregard of the laws and regulations for the time being in force shall be treated as null and void: and in the case of acquisition of such lands, the rehabilitation and resettlement benefits shall be available to the original tribal land owners or land owners belonging to the Scheduled Castes.Fishing rights: The affected Scheduled Tribes, other traditional forest dwellers and the Scheduled Castes families having fishing rights in a river or pond or dam in the affected area shall be given fishing rights in the reservoir area of the irrigation or hydel projects.If resettled outside scheduled area then additional benefits: Where the affected families belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes are relocated outside of the district then they shall be paid an additional twenty-five per cent rehabilitation and resettlement benefits to which they are entitled in monetary terms along with a one-time entitlement of fifty thousand rupees.Higher land-for-land area for SCs/STs: In every project those losing land and belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes will be provided land equivalent to land acquired or two-and-a-half acres, whichever is lower (this is higher than in the case of non-SC/ST affected families)Additional amounts: In addition to a subsistence amount of rupees 3000 per month for a year (which all affected families get), the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes displaced from Scheduled Areas shall receive an amount equivalent to rupees 50,000.How are interests and concerns of panchayati raj institutions protected?SIA in consultation with PRIs: The Social Impact Assessment (SIA) has to be carried out in consultation with the representatives of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). In fact, the appropriate Government is required by the law to ensure adequate representation of these institutions during the discharge of the process.SIA reports to be shared: Reports prepared under the Social Impact Assessment are to be shared with these individuals in their local language along with a summary.Representation in expert group: The expert group has to have two members belonging to the Panchayati Raj Institutions. This is a powerful body that has the power to reject a project.Hearings in all gram sabhas: In case where an affected area involves more than one Gram Panchayat or Municipality, public hearings shall be conducted in every Gram Sabha where more than twenty five per cent of land belonging to that Gram Sabha is being acquired.Consultation in compliance with PESA: Consultation with the Gram Sabha in scheduled areas under the Fifth Schedule referred to in the Constitution shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996.Representation of panchayat chairpersons on R&R committee at project level: The Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee at Project Level has to have the chairpersons of the Panchayats located in the affected area or their nominees as representatives.Panchayat ghars have to be provided as per the list of Infrastructural amenities given in the Third Schedule.How are states interests and concerns protected?Only a baseline: The Bill only provides the baseline for compensation and has devised a sliding scale which allows States to fix the multiplier (which will determine the final award) depending on distance from urban centres.Choice for return to land bank or owner: Where unutilized land is returned the state can decided whether it goes to the original owner or to the land bank.Threshold for private purchase left to government: While the Bill requires the discharge of obligations related to Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) even in the case of private purchase provided the purchase exceeds a certain threshold, it leaves the said threshold to the discretion of the state governments.In extreme cases, equivalent amount for multi-crop land: While the Bill seeks to discourage acquisition of irrigated multi crop or agricultural land it gives the choice of earmarking how much of such lands should be reserved for protection against acquisition to the States. Furthermore if no alternative land is available to replace the multi-crop land acquired, the state can instruct the payment of an equivalent amount.R&R procedure at discretion of state: The procedure related to the functioning of the R&R committee at project-level has been left to the state government if the acquisition is by the state.States free to enact other laws: The state governments are free to enact any law to enhance or add to the entitlements enumerated under the Bill which confers higher compensation than payable under the Bill or make provisions for rehabilitation and resettlement which are more beneficial than those provided under the Bill.How does the compensation mechanism work?In urban areas there is no multiplier. This means no enhancement of the market value calculated occurs.However a solatium of 100% (which currently exists at 30%) is imposed on this market value calculated. This ‘solatium’ amount is a compensation to ameliorate the pain of forcible acquisition.In rural areas the multiplier has been left entirely to the discretion of state governments which may range on a sliding scale from 1 to 2 depending on the radial distance from urban centres.What are the safeguards in the law to ensure food security?Special provisions have been inserted in the Law to ensure that multi-crop land is acquired only as a last resort.States are also required to impose limits on the area of agricultural/ multi-crop land that can be acquired in a State. No acquisition of such lands in excess of that limit can take place.When acquiring agricultural land, the state has to cultivate an equivalent area of land elsewhere as agricultural land. If they cannot do this then they must deposit an amount equivalent to its value in an account to be used for the purposes of enhancing food security.How are investor concerns addressed?Consent: In the case of public-private partnership projects consent has been reduced from 80% to 70%. In additional only the consent of land owners is required.Definition of market value has been amended to ensure that acquisition price doesn’t form the basis for compensation calculation in future acquisitions. Also power has been given to the Collector to not consider transactions which he feels are outliers and not indicative of true value while calculating market value. Earlier there was a danger of a price-spiral as (a multiple of) price of first acquisition in an area would go into calculation of land price for any subsequent acquisitionsStates given large flexibility: A sliding scale will give states flexibility to fix compensation in rural areas (between two and four times market value), depending on their distance from urban areas. Earlier compensation in rural areas was to be four times market value.Restrictions/thresholds on amount of irrigated multi‐crop land and net sown area per district or state available for acquisition left to the discretion of states. Earlier amount of irrigated multi-cropped irrigated land that could be acquired was capped at 5%, and amount of net sown area that could be acquired was also capped.Land size thresholds on when R&R on private purchase of land becomes applicable has now been left to the discretion of States. Earlier R&R on private purchases was to apply to all acquisitions above 100 acres in rural areas and 50 acres in urban areas.Payment for R&R costs by acquirer made a ‘one-off’ acquirer to put all monies in an escrow account, and ongoing commitments like annuities and benefits to be administered by agency established under this Act. Earlier the Buyer would have had to pay and be involved with R&R infrastructure building until complete, and R&R annuities to perpetuity. However, families will not be displaced from this land till their alternative R&R sites are ready for occupation.Collector can be considered appropriate government: In cases where the land sought to be acquired is below a certain threshold then the Collector can be the acquiring authority.Why are there 157 amendments being made to this Bill?It must be understood that most of these amendments are non-consequential in nature. Out of these 157 amendments, 103 amendments are typographical/ definitional, 28 amendments are minor in nature and only 26 Amendments are substantive in nature. This classification is explained below.Substantive changes: These are significant changes. They bring about new provisions or thoroughly alter existing provisions on any area. Example: Changes in quantum of consent required, process for determining compensation etc.Minor changes: These are changes which are new additions but are of such a nature that they do not alter the provisions of the Bill as it was originally drafted. Example: adding time limits to existing processes. These do not fundamentally alter the process.Typographical /nomenclature/ definitional changes: These are minor modifications which correct errors in type or clarify definitions which already exist. Example: replacing the term ‘project affected persons’ with ‘project affected families’.What are these 26 substantive amendments?The 26 substantive amendments are given below. 13 amendments that have been made in accordance with the recommendations of the standing committee are as follows:Revised definition of public purpose and revised consent requirements: Given the observations made by the standing committee that the definition of public purpose needed reworking, an amendment has been made which collates the previously scattered definition of public purpose and streamlines it to make it easier to understand.Restrictions on multi-crop land acquisition left to the states: In response to the recommendations made by the standing committee that since states better understand the peculiar and unique circumstances in their regions, the fixation of the cap should be left to them, an amendment has been made to allow state governments to fix the limits on the acquisition of multi-crop land.Restrictions on agricultural land acquisition left to the states: In response to the recommendations made by the standing committee that since states better understand the peculiar and unique circumstances in their regions, the fixation of the cap should be left to them, an amendment has been made to allow state governments to fix the limits on the acquisition of agricultural land.Restrictions on private purchase of land left to the states: In response to the recommendations made by the standing committee that since land purchase falls within the legislative domain of the States they should be allowed to fix the limits of private purchase. If these limits are crossed then the rehabilitation and resettlement provisions of this law will apply.Second amendment on restriction of private purchase: A second amendment in furtherance of the preceding amendment has been made to empower states in the fixation of purchase limits.Additional compensation in case of double displacement: A new section has been inserted to provide for additional compensation if n affected family is displaced twice.Special provisions for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes: Special provisions have been inserted specifically for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the body of the Act. These include greater benefits and enhanced safeguards.Provision for reservation and other benefits: This amendment has been inserted specifically for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the body of the Act in continuation of the previous amendment.State-level monitoring committee: A state-level monitoring committee has been established on the recommendations of the standing committee to provide supervision over R&R functions.Period for return of unutilized land reduced: The period for the return of unutilized land has been reduced to 5 years from 10 years.unutilized land may be returned to the original owners: An amendment has been made which allows the state governments the option to return the land to the original owners if they so decide.Extension of the new law to exempted Acts: In response to the recommendation made by the standing committee, an amendment has been made to extend the provisions of this Act to all the exempted legislations in the fourth schedule within a period of one year of its commencement.The provisions relating to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes have been removed from the schedule to the law: And bought into the main legislation as recommended by the Standing Committee.The 13 amendments have been made in accordance with the recommendation of the group of ministers are as follows:Deposit of amount in case of acquisition of agricultural land: A new amendment allows states the option, while acquiring agricultural land, to deposit an amount equivalent to the value of the agricultural land acquired if they are unable to find alternative land to cultivate in lieu of the acquired agricultural land (this was the original requirement).Retrospective operation: To correct historical injustices, a retrospective clause allowing certain classes of individuals to benefit from enhanced compensation and rehabilitation and resettlement has been provided for.Revised social impact assessment process: A revised provision for a more thorough social impact assessment process in consultation with unutilized raj institutions has been drafted.Power to override recommendations of expert group: It was felt by many individuals that a non-elected group of individuals should not be given final authority over whether acquisition should be allowed to proceed or not. As a result an amendment has been made to allow the Government concerned to override them but only if they have sufficient reasons that are recorded in writing.New responsibilities for the collector: New amendments have been made to ensure the collector updates the land records so that compensation can be paid on true and accurate values.Power to appropriate government to raise R&R: An amendment has been made to enable the appropriate government to raise the rate of rehabilitation and resettlement to take into account for inflation.Power to taking possession only after satisfying obligations: Section 37 which deals with taking possession of the land has been strengthened to ensure that the collector shall only take possession of the land “after ensuring that” the compensation/ R&R responsibilities have been discharged.Waiver of income tax and stamp duty: To further ameliorate the suffering of displaced families, the Act has exempted them from the payment of income tax and stamp duty for amounts received under this law.Power to divert land in exceptional cases: If land acquired for one purpose cannot be used for that purpose due to an unforeseen calamity, then the appropriate government may use it for another purpose.Increase in share of appreciated value: If the government after acquiring the land sells it to a third party then 40% of the appreciated value will be shared with the original owners. This has been increased from 20%.Limit on benefit from sale of acquired land: In addition to the preceding amendment, an additional amendment has been made to limit this benefit to only the first time the land is sold after acquisition.Multiplier to calculate compensation: Flexibility has been given to the states to fix the multiplier by which the compensation will be calculated. In other words states can give up to four times the market value but it can be lower if they chose to fix a lower multiplier.Offer for developed land: A new amendment has been made which provides that in the case of acquisition for urbanization purposes, 20% of the developed land will be reserved and offered to the original owners at a price equal to the cost of acquisition and development.source-http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/land-bill-six-facts-you-need-to-know/article6978832.eceAll you wanted to know about new land acquisition Bill

This question is a bit of a brain puzzler, and there does not seem to be a very clear answer to this Question Resources and Information. a quick glance, I would say investments would pay more money to the bank than fees would, however, let's examine the facts and that way, one would come to their own conclusion, as it is also very obvious that fees bringing tremendous amounts of money to the bank. So we will start by defining like the bank, fees, and investments, and glean as much information as we could as we navigate the question and answer. Let's do this:BankDescriptionA bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets. Due to their importance in the financial stability of a country, banks are highly regulated in most countries.How Banks WorkBY LEE ANN OBRINGERAccording to Britannica.com, a bank is:an institution that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other financial services. Banks accept deposits and make loans and derive a profit from the difference in the interest rates paid and charged, respectively.Banks are critical to our economy. The primary function of banks is to put their account holders' money to use by lending it out to others who can then use it to buy homes, businesses, send kids to college...When you deposit your money in the bank, your money goes into a big pool of money along with everyone else's, and your account is credited with the amount of your deposit. When you write checks or make withdrawals, that amount is deducted from your account balance. The interest you earn on your balance is also added to your account.Banks create money in the economy by making loans. The amount of money that banks can lend is directly affected by the reserve requirement set by the Federal Reserve. The reserve requirement is currently 3 percent to 10 percent of a bank's total deposits. This amount can be held either in cash on hand or in the bank's reserve account with the Fed. To see how this affects the economy, think about it like this. When a bank gets a deposit of $100, assuming a reserve requirement of 10 percent, the bank can then lend out $90. That $90 goes back into the economy, purchasing goods or services, and usually ends up deposited in another bank. That bank can then lend out $81 of that $90 deposit, and that $81 goes into the economy to purchase goods or services and ultimately is deposited into another bank that proceeds to lend out a percentage of it.In this way, money grows and flows throughout the community in a much greater amount than physically exists. That $100 makes a much larger ripple in the economy than you may realize!What do banks charge fees for?To make a profit and pay operating expenses, banks typically charge for the services they provide. When a bank lends you money, it charges interest on the loan. When you open a deposit account (checking or savings) there are fees for that as well. Even fee-free checking and savings accounts have some fees.Bank FeesREVIEWED BY WILL KENTONDEFINITION of Bank FeesBank fees are nominal fees for a variety of account set-up and maintenance, and minor transactional services for retail and business customers. Fees can be one-time, ongoing or related to penalties.BREAKING DOWN Bank FeesBanks fees seemingly lurk everywhere. There is a comprehensive disclosure of the menu of fees on banks' websites and in pamphlets with fine print. Customers must carefully read the disclosures to avoid surprises. Certain fees apply to all customers across the board, while others may be waived under certain conditions. While competition is a natural regulator of where a bank may apply fees and how much it thinks it can get away with, government authorities such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) stand by to field complaints and concerns from the public about fee-charging practices by banks.Sample List of Bank FeesWells Fargo charges retail customers fees for ATM transactions (with some exceptions), cashier's checks, money orders, overdrafts, bounced checks, overdraft protection, stop payment requests, wire transfers, safety deposit boxes, minimum account balance requirements, and others. Fees for merchant, payroll, and bill payment services apply for small businesses, while treasury management and corporate trust services offered by a bank to larger businesses carry fees. Also, fees for establishing and maintaining loans or lines of credit, the bread-and-butter of all banks, apply to all.Importance of Bank Fees to ProfitabilityThe primary source of revenue for a bank is net interest income, but a material portion of total revenue comes from bank fees. In 2017, fee income (booked under "noninterest income") for Wells Fargo accounted for approximately 35% of aggregate revenue. An individual fee may be nominal but they add up nicely for a bank. When the net interest margin for a bank is squeezed in a low-interest rate environment, bank fees provide a measure of stability to bank earnings.Investments:According to Wikipedia, investments are:To invest is to allocate money in the expectation of some benefit in the future.In finance, the benefit of an investment is called a return. The return may consist of a gain (or loss) realized from the sale of property or an investment, unrealized capital appreciation (or depreciation), or investment income such as dividends, interest, rental income, etc., or a combination of capital gain and income. The return may also include currency gains or losses due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.Investors generally expect higher returns from riskier investments. When we make a low-risk investment, the return is also generally low.Investors, particularly novices, are often advised to adopt a particular investment strategy and diversify their portfolio. Diversification has the statistical effect of reducing overall risk.An investor may bear a risk of loss of some or all of their capital invested. Investment differs from arbitrage, in which profit is generated without investing capital or bearing risk.Savings bear the (normally remote) risk that the financial provider may default.Foreign currency savings also bear foreign exchange risk: if the currency of a savings account differs from the account holder's home currency, then there is the risk that the exchange rate between the two currencies will move unfavorably, so that the value of the savings account decreases, measured in the account holder's home currency.In contrast with savings, investments tend to carry more risk, in the form of both a wider variety of risk factors and a greater level of uncertaintyBelow Finra describes the types of investments:Types of InvestmentsThink of the various types of investments as tools that can help you achieve your financial goals. Each broad investment type—from bank products to stocks and bonds—has its own general set of features, risk factors and ways in which they can be used by investors.Learn more about the various types of investments below.StocksWhen you buy shares of a company’s stock, you own a piece of that company. Stocks come in a wide variety, and they often are described based on the company’s size, type, performance during market cycles and potential for short- and long-term growth. Learn more about your choices—from penny-stocks to large caps and more.BondsA bond is a loan an investor makes to an organization in exchange for interest payments over a specified term plus repayment of principal at the bond’s maturity date. Learn how corporate, muni, agency, Treasury and other types of bonds work.Investment FundsFunds—such as mutual funds, closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds—pool money from many investors and invest it according to a specific investment strategy. Funds can offer the diversification, professional management and a wide variety of investment strategies and styles. But not all funds are the same. Understand how they work, and research fund fees and expenses.Bank ProductsBanks and credit unions can provide a safe and convenient way to accumulate savings—and some banks offer services that can help you manage your money. Checking and savings accounts offer liquidity and flexibility. Find out more about these and other Bank productsOptionsOptions are contracts that give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security, such as a stock or exchange-traded fund, at a fixed price within a specific period of time. It pays to learn about different types of options, trading strategies and the risks involved.AnnuitiesAn annuity is a contract between you and an insurance company, in which the company promises to make periodic payments, either starting immediately—called an immediate annuity—or at some future time—a deferred annuity. Learn about the different types of annuitiesRetirementNumerous types of investments come into play when saving for retirement and managing income once you retire. For saving, tax-advantaged retirement options such as a 401(k) or an IRA can be a smart choice. Managing retirement income may require moving out of certain investments and into ones that are better suited to a retirement lifestyle.Saving for EducationFunding education begins with savings. Learn smart ways to save, including 529 Education Savings Plans and Education Savings Accounts. We’ll help you navigate your savings options.Alternative and Complex ProductsThese products include notes with principal protection and high-yield bonds that have lower credit ratings and a higher risk of default than traditional investments but offer more attractive rates of return. Learn about their features, risks and potential advantages.Initial Coin Offerings and CryptocurrenciesThese are speculative investments that come with significant uncertainty and many risks. Before you consider an investment in ICOs or cryptocurrencies, learn more.Commodity FuturesCommodity futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell a specific quantity of a commodity at a specified price on a particular date in the future. Commodities include metals, oil, grains, and animal products, as well as financial instruments and currencies. With limited exceptions, trading in futures contracts must be executed on the floor of a commodity exchange.Security FuturesFederal regulations permit trading in futures contracts on single stocks, also known as single stock futures, and certain security indices. Learn more about security futures, how they differ from stock options and the risks they can pose.InsuranceLife insurance products come in various forms, including term life, whole life, and universal life policies. There also are variations on these—variable life insurance and variable universal life—which are considered securities. See how insurance products may fit into an overall financial plan.Ever wonder how banks make their money? They can't be offering to store your money for free? You're right; here's how banks earn money.How do banks make money?Yes, banks make a lot of money banks from charging borrowers interest, but the fees banks change are just as lucrative.Account fees. Some typical financial products that charge fees are checking accounts, investment accounts, and credit cards. These fees are said to be for “maintenances purposes” even though maintaining these accounts costs banks relatively little.ATM fees. There will be times when you can’t find your bank’s ATM and you must settle for another ATM just to get some cash. Well, that’s probably going to cost you $3. Such situations happen all the time and just mean more money for banks.Penalty charges. Banks love to slap on a penalty fee for something a customer’s mishaps. It could a credit card payment that you sent in at 5:05 PM. It could be a check written for an amount that was one penny over what you had in your checking account. Whatever it may be, expect to pay a late fee or a notorious overdraft fee or between $25 and $40. It sucks for customers, but the banks are having a blast.Commissions. Most banks will have investment divisions that often function as full-service brokerages. Of course, their commission fees for making trades are higher than most discount brokers.Application fees. Whenever a prospective borrower applies for a loan (especially a home loan) many banks charge a loan origination or application fee. And, they can take the liberty of including this fee amount into the principal of your loan—which means you’ll pay interest on it too! (So if your loan application fee is $100 and your bankrolls it into a 30-year mortgage at five percent APR, you’ll pay $94.40 in interest just on the $100 fee).Banks are just like other businesses. Their product just happens to be money. Other businesses sell widgets or services; banks sell money -- in the form of loans, certificates of deposit (CDs) and other financial products. They make money on the interest they charge on loans because that interest is higher than the interest they pay on depositors' accounts.The interest rate a bank charges its borrowers depends on both the number of people who want to borrow and the amount of money the bank has available to lend. As we mentioned in the previous section, the amount available to lend also depends upon the reserve requirement the Federal Reserve Board has set. At the same time, it may also be affected by the fund's rate, which is the interest rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans to meet their reserve requirements. Check out How the Fed Works for more on how the Fed influences the economy.Loaning money is also inherently risky. A bank never really knows if it'll get that money back. Therefore, the riskier the loan the higher the interest rate the bank charges. While paying interest may not seem to be a great financial move in some respects, it really is a small price to pay for using someone else's money. Imagine having to save all of the money you needed in order to buy a house. We wouldn't be able to buy houses until we retired!Banks also charge fees for services like checking, ATM access, and overdraft protection. Loans have their own set of fees that go along with them. Another source of income for banks is investments and securities.How investment banks make their money. ... They make most of their money by charging a higher rate of interest to borrowers than they pay to savers. Investment banks, on the other hand, make their money by selling services to customers such as companies, governments and investment funds (fund managers and hedge fundsHow Investment Banks Make Money (JPM, GS)BY SEAN ROSSUpdated Sep 22, 2016Investment banks are designed to finance or facilitate trade and investment on a large scale. But that's a simplistic view of how investment banks make money. There's a lot more to what they really do. When they work properly, these services make markets more liquid, reduce uncertainty and get rid of inefficiencies by smoothing out spreads.Brokerage and Underwriting ServicesLike traditional intermediaries, investment banks connect buyers and sellers in different markets. For this service, they charge a commission on successful trades. The trades range from megadeals to simple stock trades.Investment banks also perform underwriting services for capital raises. For example, a bank might buy stock in an initial public offering (IPO), market the shares to investors and then sell the shares for a profit. This works like an arbitrage opportunity. There is a risk that the bank will be unable to sell the shares for a higher price, so the investment bank might lose money on the trade. To combat this risk, some investment banks charge a flat fee for the underwriting process.Mergers and AcquisitionsInvestment banks charge fees to act as advisors for spinoffs and mergers and acquisitions (M&A). In a spinoff, the target company sells a piece of its operation to improve efficiency or inject cash flow. Acquisitions occur whenever one company buys another company. Mergers take place when two companies combine to form one entity. These are often extremely complicated deals and require a lot of legal and financial help, especially for companies unfamiliar with the process.Creating Collateralized ProductsInvestment banks might take lots of smaller loans, such as mortgages, and then package those into one tradeable security. The concept is somewhat similar to a bond mutual fund, except the instrument is a collection of smaller debt obligations rather than corporate and government bonds. Investment banks have to purchase the loans to package and sell them, so they profit by buying cheap and selling at higher prices on the market.Proprietary TradingIn the proprietary trading process, the investment bank deploys its own capital into the financial markets. Company traders look for arbitrage opportunities or other strong, shorter-term investments. Traders who guess correctly can make a lot of money very quickly. Alternatively, poor traders tend to lose money and risk losing their jobs. Proprietary trading has been much less prevalent since the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009.Dark PoolsSuppose an institutional investor wants to sell millions of shares, a value that's large enough to impact markets right away. However, the market might see a big order come through. This leaves an opportunity for an aggressive trader with high-speed technology to front-run the sale in an attempt to profit from the coming move.Investment banks established dark pools to attract institutional sellers to a secretive and anonymous market to prevent front-running. The bank charges a fee for the service. Dark pools are very controversial and came under added scrutiny after Michael Lewis authored "Flash Boys," which shed light on shady dark-pool activity.SwapsInvestment bankers sometimes make money through swaps. Swaps create profit opportunities through a complicated form of arbitrage, where the investment bank brokers a deal between two parties that are trading their respective cash flows. The most common swaps occur whenever two parties realize they might mutually benefit from a change in a benchmark, such as interest rates or exchange rates.Market MakingMarket making works best when the bank has a large inventory of stock with high trade frequency. The bank can quote a buy price and sell price and earn the small difference between the two prices, also known as the bid-ask spread.Investment ResearchMajor investment banks can also sell direct research to financial specialists. Money managers often purchase research from large institutions, such as JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE: GS), to make better investing decisions.Asset ManagementIn other cases, investment banks directly serve as asset managers to large clients. The bank might have internal fund departments, including internal hedge funds, which often come with attractive fee structures. Asset management can be quite lucrative because the client portfolios are large.Investment banks also partner with or create venture capital or private equity funds to raise money and invest in private assets. These are the fix-and-flip experts in the business governance world. The idea is to buy a promising target company, often with a lot of leverage, and then resell or take the company public after it becomes more valuable.As I said at the beginning, it is easy to look at the big investments that banks engage in and be tempted to say that investments would make much more money for banks, but also remember that investments are also very risky business, while fees are deducted from your account regardless to your say-so and at the banks convenience. So there you are, there’s a lot of information to absorb, hopes that it helps.