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Are the conscientious Republicans revolting against Trump?It’s October 13, 2020, and yet another prominent Republican comes out against Trump. WE ARE 21 DAYS TO ELECTION DAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2020.Greg Schott, a lifelong Republican disgusted by President Donald Trump, decided it was time to speak out in a meaningful way. Schott, who sold his business software company to Salesforce in 2018 for a reported $6.5 billion, decided to spend $1 million of his own money to start a new group, Reclaim Our Party, a super PAC targeting right-leaning independents and soft Republicans and telling them it was OK to vote against Trump. [1]In addition, there’s the Bravery Project, led by Joe Walsh, a former Republican congressman from Illinois. [2] And, Stand Up Republic, which is profiled below, recently introduced a spinoff, Christians Against Trumpism & Political Extremism. [3]and another another anti-Trump group he started called Checks and Balances. [4]The stated goal of all of these groups is to give permission to everyday conservatives and Republicans, that it is okay to vote for VP Joe Biden.It’s October 10, 2020. We are 24 days out from the election. Retired four-star Air Force Gen. Chuck Boyd, a highly decorated military man, and Republican who served as strategy consultant to Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Newt Gingrich. [5]just issued a video endorsement for VP Joe Biden for President. [6]In part, General Boyd says:"As I watched him over the years, my unease with his presidency has increased. It increased to the point that I believe that our democracy will be in shatters by the time he has served two terms," Boyd says. "While I am reticent about getting involved in presidential politics by any military men, in this case, keeping out of the political process is something I don't feel like I can do."I think the point at which he began telling the American people that the election process itself was fraudulent, that mail-in balloting was a disaster, was terrible. I thought if our citizens lose faith in how they go about electing their leaders, then democracy itself is at risk, at deep risk. That's the point at which I said I've got to get involved in this in some way.That's one of the reasons I've made the commitment to support and endorse Joe Biden for president. [7]It’s Oct 2, 2020. We are 31 days ahead of the election. The Republican Voters Against Trump billboards just went up in North Carolina. It’s hard to understate the unprecedented number of well known Republicans and Conservatives who have endorsed VP Joe Biden for President. In this answer alone, there are about 1,000 listed. Every day, more Republican’s for Biden come out to endorse VP Joe Biden, so I am just updating by date now.We are now 34 days ahead of the 2020 election. It is 9/30/20.This quote from Evan McMullin from Stand Up Republic, takes the cake:When Mindy Finn and I founded Stand Up Republic three years ago, we chose as our three core principles liberty, equality, and truth. Last night illustrated why. In less than two hours, Donald Trump threatened each one. He openly admitted that he is willing to see our votes thrown away to ensure his re-election. That's not liberty. He refused to condemn white supremacists, instead telling violent extremist groups to "stand by." That's not equality. And for much of the evening, he spewed lies and wouldn't let Joe Biden respond, because Trump's political existence depends on deception. That's not truth. The debate, if it can be called that, marked a new low in American politics. There is no question that Trump is a dangerous protofascist. The question is whether we'll unite to defeat him or let our lesser differences stand in the way. It's time for a change, America. I still believe that we're better than this. We must be. —Evan McMullinFormer Montana governor and Republican National Committee chair, Marc Racicot, said he will vote for Democrat Joe Biden in the November election, citing character flaws in President Donald Trump.“I regret that I will cause consternation, perhaps, in some corners, but even as a Republican, I will not be supporting Donald Trump for president, and I will not be voting for him,” Racicot said, adding that he still has policy disagreements with Biden.He added: “But at the end, the content of a man's character or a woman's character to serve in that capacity is more important than any other issue that I have to consider as a matter of conscience.” [8]On Sept 27th, former PA Republican Governor Tom Ridge endorsed Joe Biden. [9]I will cast my vote for Joe Biden on Nov. 3. It will be my first vote for a Democratic candidate for president of the United States. But it is not the first time I have said “no” to Donald Trump. I urge my fellow Pennsylvanians to join me.Donald Trump has proven over these last four years he is incapable of such leadership. It is not within him. He lacks the empathy, integrity, intellect, and maturity to lead. He sows division along political, racial, and religious lines. And he routinely dismisses the opinions of experts who know far more about the subject at hand than he does — intelligence, military, and public health. Our country has paid dearly in lives lost, social unrest, economic hardship, and our standing in the world.We knew it was coming…. On Sept 24th, Cindy McCain, wife of the last Senator John McCain endorsed VP Joe Biden for president. We know that Trump Supporters will not be persuaded by this endorsement. However, there are some longtime conservatives, particularly in Arizona, a battleground state, that may be influenced by Cindy McCain’s endorsement.My husband John lived by a code: country first. We are Republicans, yes, but Americans foremost. There's only one candidate in this race who stands up for our values as a nation, and that is @JoeBiden.— Cindy McCain (@cindymccain) September 22, 2020 [10]Cindy McCain said although she and Joe Biden didn’t always agree on issues, ‘he is a good and honest man. He will lead us with dignity.’[11]You can listen to her video endorsement here: Cindy McCain endorses Joe Biden: I want to feel like my president cares about me - CNN VideoIt’s Sept 22nd, and we are 42 days out from the election.Here is the latest Republican for Biden news.Republicans For A New President: A very prominent Republican in NC wrote a powerful OpEd. Robert F. Orr is a retired N.C. Supreme Court justice and N.C. chair of Republicans For A New President. The Richmond Observer - OPINION: 'The socialists are coming! The socialists are coming!'A new group called: Republican Political Alliance for Integrity and Reform (REPAIR) has formed. Republican Anti-Trump Group Claims Support from "Current Top U.S. Government Official"In a press release to mark its official launch on Thursday, the Republican Political Alliance for Integrity and Reform (REPAIR) listed 26 people as advisers, including conservative former officials from the Reagan, both Bush, and Trump administrations. New anti-Trump GOP group claims backing of "top" government officialThe Repair 45 website is found at: Republican Political Alliance for Integrity & Reform. This is their press release:IT’S OFFICIAL. The Alliance has launched, and we are ready to shape the post-Trump GOP and to #REPAIR our country. pic.twitter.com/lk3KRDjWPu— #REPAIR (@RepairRepublic) September 17, 2020It's Sept 20th, and so many more Republicans have come out in support of VP Biden. They are all putting Country Over Party. Here's Olivia Troye, who just resigned from the Coronavirus taskforce.🚨🚨🚨NEW from @RVAT2020.Olivia Troye, VP Pence's lead staffer on the COVID task force, resigned two months ago. Now she speaks out:"No matter how hard you worked...the president was going to do something detrimental to keeping Americans safe. It was awful. It was terrifying." pic.twitter.com/nkz2WncE9i— Bill Kristol (@BillKristol) September 17, 2020Another largely Republican faith group recently established is “Believers For Biden".Catholics for Biden is the official campaign outreach of the Biden-Harris campaign, one of the many groups under the umbrella operation of "Believers for Biden," which was launched in July and is led by Josh Dickson, an evangelical and former Republican.It’s September 4th, and a new group has come out called “Republicans and Independents for Biden”. This group has been formed by former Republican governors and includes Christine Todd Whitman, a former Republican governor of New Jersey; Rick Snyder, a two-term GOP governor of Michigan, who just left in 2019, and Bill Weld, former governor of Massachusetts. Nearly 100 Republican and independent leaders will endorse Democrat Joe Biden. As I get the detailed list of endorsements, I will update. [12]It's now September 2nd. The daily, updates conscientious Republican's endorsing VP Joe Biden is becoming fast and furious. So I will just start a new list at the top of this already lengthy answer.Staunchly pro-life Republican columnist Mona Charen just gave permission for all Republican women to support Biden for President.There is putrefaction where the Republican Party's essence should be, and appointing pro-life judges cannot mask the stench. So, this conservative is voting for the Democrats. Will the GOP reform? I hope so. But my priority isn't trying to heal the Republican Party. It's trying to heal the country. [13]Mona Charen is a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, which describes itself as "dedicated to applying the Judeo-Christian moral tradition to critical issues of public policy.Margaret Hoover, the conservative political commentator and great-granddaughter of former Republican President Herbert Hoover, said she will not vote for President Trump in November and will "quite likely" cast her ballot for Joe Biden instead. [14]On August 24th, Former Republican National Committee Chair Michael Steele announced Monday that he is becoming a senior advisor to the Lincoln Project, a PAC comprised of anti-Trump Republicans. [15]Trump had transformed the GOP "into a cult of personality" and that the president "traffics in conspiracies, fear, racism, xenophobia, misogyny, and believes that he can rewrite the Constitution in his own image." [16]The Democratic National Convention has arrived. It's August 17, 2020. 4 Republican's will be speaking on behalf of Biden tonight.[17]The theme is:"We The People Putting Country Over Party."Christine Todd WhitmanJohn Kasich [18]Meg WhitmanChristine MolinariCindy McCain, wife of the late Senator John McCain, narrated a video on the close friendship between her husband and Joe Biden, on the 2nd night of the DNC. [19] VP Joe Biden gave a eulogy at Senator McCain's funeral. [20]During the convention, Former Republican Rep. Charlie Dent (Pa.) announced he is endorsing Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden. [21]He called President Trump;"a threat to the rule of law and functional democracy.""Biden is fundamentally a decent and honorable man who respects the American tradition, supports the rule of law, embraces America's friends and allies, and will restore some semblance of normalcy to the functioning of government.”Along with former US Rep. Charlie Dent;More than 70 former national security officials from the last several Republican administrations and other GOP officials endorsed Joe Biden for president on Thursday. [22]Defending Democracy Together [23] is the organization that put out the statement.Under the banner of Defending Democracy Together, a new group is called Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden, has formed. [24] 130 former national security officials who served during the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, and/or Donald Trump, or as Republican Members of Congress, have signed an open letter endorsing VP Joe Biden.The substantive points are:​Donald Trump has gravely damaged America’s role as a world leader.​Donald Trump has shown that he is unfit to lead during a national crisis.Donald Trump has solicited foreign influence and undermined confidence in our presidential elections.Donald Trump has aligned himself with dictators and failed to stand up for American values.Donald Trump has disparaged our armed forces, intelligence agencies, and diplomats.Donald Trump has undermined the rule of law.These are the signatories:Adm. Steve Abbot Fmr Dep Homeland Security AdvisorKenneth Adelman Fmr Director, Arms Control and Disarmament AgencyAmb. Peter Allgeier Fmr Deputy US Trade RepresentativeMary Catherine Andrews Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentRichard Armitage Fmr Deputy Secretary of StateChristopher Barton Fmr Director, NSC StaffNancy Bearg Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffJohn Bellinger Fmr Legal Adviser, Dept of StateAdm. Kenneth Bernard Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentMark Bitterman Fmr Special Asst to the Secretary of DefenseAmb. Robert Blackwill Fmr Deputy National Security AdvisorChristian Bonat Fmr Dep General Counsel, Defense DeptAmb. Richard Boucher Fmr Asst Secretary of StateAmb. Charles Bowers Fmr US AmbassadorBertram Braun Fmr Director, NSC StaffAmb. Peter Bridges Fmr US AmbassadorDouglas Brook Fmr Asst Secretary of the ArmyLinton Brooks Fmr Under Secretary of EnergyGreg Brower Fmr Asst Director of the FBIKara Bue Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateAmb. Richard Burt Fmr US Ambassador to GermanySally Canfield Fmr Dep Chief of Staff, Dept of Homeland SecurityVictor Cha Fmr Director, NSC StaffAmb. Jack Chow Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateThomas Christensen Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateEliot Cohen Fmr Counselor of the Dept of StateJoseph Collins Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseHeather Conley Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateBret Coulson Fmr Director, NSC StaffChester Crocker Fmr Asst Secretary of StatePatrick Cronin Fmr Asst Administrator, USAIDAmb. Sada Cumber Fmr US Special Envoy to the OIC​Mike Donley Fmr Secretary of the Air ForceRaymond DuBois Fmr Acting Under Secretary of the ArmyLewis Dunn Fmr Asst Director, Arms Control and Disarmament AgencyAmb. Eric Edelman Fmr Under Secretary of DefenseGary Edson Fmr Deputy National Security AdvisorRichard Falkenrath Fmr Dep Asst to the PresidentAmb. Julie Finley Fmr US AmbassadorCarl Ford Fmr Asst Secretary of StateAaron Friedberg Fmr Dep Asst to the Vice PresidentWilliam Gaches Fmr Director of Counterterrorism, NSAJanice Gardner Fmr Asst Secretary of the TreasuryJohn Gardner Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentAmb. James Glassman Fmr Under Secretary of StateAmb. Jon Glassman Fmr Dep National Security Advisor to the Vice PresidentDavid Gordon Fmr Director, State Dept, Policy PlanningColleen Graffy Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateMichael Green Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffSen. Chuck Hagel Fmr Secretary of Defense and US SenatorChristopher Hankin Fmr Dep Asst Secretry of StateMark Harvey Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentGen. Michael Hayden Fmr Director of the CIA and the NSAAmb. Carla Hills Fmr US Trade RepresentativeSeth Hurwitz Fmr Counsel, President's Intelligence Oversight BoardAsh Jain Fmr Member, State Dept Policy PlanningLes Janka Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseNeil Joeck Fmr Director, NSC StaffAmb. Richard Kauzlarich Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateJames Kelly Fmr Asst Secretary of StateDonald Kerr Fmr Princ Dep Director of National IntelligenceRep. Jim Kolbe Fmr Member of CongressDavid Kramer Fmr Asst Secretary of StateStephen Krasner Fmr Director, State Dept Policy PlanningKen Krieg Fmr Under Secretary of DefenseJames Kunder Fmr Deputy Administrator, USAIDAmb. Frank Lavin Fmr Under Secretary of CommerceRep. Jim Leach Fmr Member of CongressBruce Lemkin Fmr Dep Under Secretary of the Air ForceMichael Leiter Fmr Director, National Counterterrorism CtrPeter Lichtenbaum Fmr Asst Secretary of CommerceAmb. Winston Lord Fmr US AmbassadorJames Loy Fmr Dep Secretary of Homeland SecurityPeter Madigan Fmr Dep Asst Secretary StateAmb. Steven Mann Fmr Prin Dep Asst Secretary of StateCol. John McDonald Fmr Dep Under Secretary of the ArmyBryan McGrath Former US Navy OfficerAmb. Michael McKinley Fmr US AmbassadorChristopher Mellon Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseDavid Merkel Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of StateJohn Mitnick Fmr General Counsel, Department of Homeland SecurityAllen Moore Fmr Under Secretary of CommerceAlberto Mora Fmr Gen Counsel, Dept of the NavyHolly Morrow Fmr Director, NSC StaffKenneth Mortensen Fmr Assoc Dep Attorney GeneralVirginia Mulberger Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentAlden Munson Fmr Dep Director of National IntelligenceAmb. John Negroponte Fmr Director of National Intelligence, and Fmr Deputy Secretary of StateElizabeth Neumann Fmr Asst Secretary of Homeland SecuritySean O’Keefe Fmr Secretary of the Navy and NASA AdministratorDouglas Paal Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffLarry Pfeiffer Fmr Chief of Staff, CIAWilliam Piekney Fmr Chief of Station, CIADaniel Price Fmr Dep National Security AdvisorSen. Larry Pressler Fmr US SenatorClyde Prestowitz Fmr Counselor to the Secretary of CommerceVictor Reis Fmr Director, Defense Adv Research Projects AgencyPaul Rosenzweig Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of Homeland SecurityNicholas Rostow Fmr NSC Legal AdviserKori Schake Fmr Prin Dep Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWayne Schroeder Fmr Dep Under Secretary of DefenseAmb. Gregory Schulte Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffRobert Shanks Fmr Dep Asst Attorney GeneralAmb. Thomas Shannon Fmr Under Secretary of StateRep. Christopher Shays Fmr Member of CongressJohn Simon Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffStephen Slick Fmr Senior Director, NSC StaffAmb. Mark Storella Fmr US AmbassadorTimothy Stratford Fmr Asst US Trade RepresentativeAmb. William Taft Fmr Deputy Secretary of DefenseShirin Tahir-Kheli Fmr Special Asst to the PresidentMiles Taylor Fmr Chief of Staff, Dept of Homeland SecurityWilliam Tobey Fmr Dep Administrator, Nat Nuclear Security AdminJack Tomarchio Fmr Princ Dep Under Secretary of Homeland SecurityOlivia Troye Fmr Special Advisor to the Vice PresidentAmb. Robert Tuttle Fmr US Ambassador to the United KingdomJohn Veroneau Fmr Dep US Trade RepresentativeMichael Vickers Fmr Under Secretary of DefenseKen Wainstein Fmr Homeland Security AdvisorDavid Waller Fmr Asst Secretary of EnergyThomas Ward Fmr Director of Threats, Ballistic Missile Defense OrganizationSen. John Warner Fmr US SenatorMatthew Waxman Fmr Prin Dep Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWilliam Webster Fmr Director of the CIA and FBIWendell Willkie II Fmr General Counsel, Dept of CommerceJohn Woodworth Fmr Dep Asst Secretary of DefenseJohn Wolf Fmr Asst Secretary of StateDov Zakheim Fmr Under Secretary of DefensePhilip Zelikow Fmr Counselor of the Dept of State“I'm sorry, Mr. President, you were hired to handle America's worst day and you've absolutely failed. We are less safe today because of his leadership. We will continue to be less safe as long as he is in control. And this year I'll be voting for Joe Biden. [25]Former Trump Assistant Director of Homeland Security Elizabeth Neumann accused Trump of ignoring the threat of domestic terrorism and early pandemic warnings, claiming he “gave permission” to white supremacists. [26]Sean O’KeefeFmr Secretary of the Navy and NASA AdministratorDaniel PriceFmr Dep National Security AdvisorPaul RosenzweigFmr Dep Asst Secretary of Homeland SecurityNicholas RostowFmr NSC Legal AdviserKori SchakeFmr Prin Depup Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWayne SchroederFmr Dep Under Secretary of DefenseRobert ShanksFmr Dep Asst Attorney GeneralRep. Christopher ShaysFmr Member of CongressJohn SimonFmr Senior Director, NSC StaffStephen SlickFmr Senior Director, NSC StaffAmb. William TaftFmr Deputy Secretary of DefenseShirin Tahir-KheliFmr Special Asst to the PresidentMiles TaylorFmr Chief of Staff, Dept of Homeland SecurityWilliam TobeyFmr Dep Administrator, Nat Nuclear Security Admin logAmb. Robert TuttleFmr US Ambassador to the United KingdomJohn VeroneauFmr Dep US Trade RepresentativeMichael VickersFmr Under Secretary of DefenseKen WainsteinFmr Homeland Security AdvisorSen. John WarnerFmr US SenatorMatthew WaxmanFmr Prin Dep Director, State Dept Policy PlanningWilliam WebsterFmr Director of the CIA and FBIDov ZakheimFmr Under Secretary of DefensePhilip ZelikowFmr Counselor of the Dept of StateToday, the first day of the Republican National Convention, two dozen former Republican members of Congress came out to endorse VP Joe Biden. [27]The former Representatives are:Steve Bartlett of Texas,Bill Clinger of Pennsylvania,Tom Coleman of Missouri,Charlie Dent of Pennsylvania,Charles Djou of Hawaii, Mickey Edwards of Oklahoma,Wayne Gilchrest of Maryland,Jim Greenwood of Pennsylvania,Bob Inglis of South Carolina,Jim Kolbe of Arizona,Steve Kuykendall of California,Ray LaHood of Illinois (who served as Transportation secretary in the Obama administration),Jim Leach of Iowa,Connie Morella of Maryland,Mike Parker of Mississippi,Jack Quinn of New York,Claudine Schneider of Rhode Island,Chris Shays of Connecticut,Peter Smith of Vermont,Alan Steelman of Texas,Bill Whitehurst of Virginia,Dick Zimmer of New Jersey, andJim Walsh of New York.It's Tuesday, August 25th, the 2nd day of the Republican National Convention, and the following Republicans have just endorsed VP Joe Biden. [28]Alan Charles Raul, who served as vice chair of the White House Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board under G Project eorge W. Bush and served in roles with George H.W. Bush as well as associate counsel to the president in the Reagan administration.Charles Fried, former U.S. solicitor general in the Reagan administration and an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.Stuart Gerson, an assistant attorney general under George H. W. Bush.Peter Keisler, former U.S. acting attorney general under George W. Bush.Paul Rosenweig, who served in the Department of Homeland Security under George W. Bush.Robert Shanks, former U.S. deputy assistant attorney general in the Reagan administrationJ.W. Verret, who served on Trump’s presidential transition staffToday, August 25th, 2020, I learned of a new Never Trump Group, that is a women's offshoot of The Lincoln Project, a well known Never Trump group that has endorsed VP Joe Biden. [29]It's called The Lincoln Women.The Lincoln Women includes a very extensive list of well known Republican women who have endorsed VP Joe Biden."It is essential that these women turn out and vote for Joe Biden, as opposed to just staying home because they feel like they can't vote for Donald Trump," Jennifer Horn, Co-Founder said. [30]The Lincoln Women are:Jennifer Horn - Co-Founder of the Lincoln Project, Chairman of the NH Republican Party 2013-2017, Republican Nominee in NH-2, 2008.Susan Del Percio - Republican Strategist and Political Analyst.Jenny Willis Beech - Bush 2000 Campaign and Administration Alumna, Political Advisor.Cathy Blaney - CEO of CBlaney Group, Former fundraiser for Governor George E. Pataki and President George W. Bush.Jane Calderwood - Former Chief of Staff, U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe.Sally Canfield - Former Deputy Chief of Staff to Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, Former senior director at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Domestic Policy Advisor for the 2000 Bush Campaign.Jerushah Duford - Evangelical Author, Speaker, and Advocate.Beth Fukumoto - Former Hawaii Republican House Leader (2014-2017), Democratic State Representative (2017-2018), Democratic Candidate for US House (2018).Mollie Fullington - Founder of Mulberry Street Strategies, Former Press Secretary for New York Governor George E. Pataki and U.S. Representative Rick Lazio.Jennifer Waisath Harris - Public Affairs Strategist, Former Communications Director, Spokesperson and Political Director for GOP Elected and Appointed Officials.Ariel Hill-Davis – Founder and the Policy Director for Republican Women for Progress (RWFP). A lifelong moderate Republican, Miss Hill-Davis brings over a decade of experience in public policy to her work with RWFP and having spent most of her career focused on heavy industry like manufacturing and mining.Kodiak Hill-Davis – Founder and Political Director of Republican Women for Progress (RWFP). Hill-Davis started her career working for Rep Nancy Johnson (R-CT) and has spent the last decade advocating for transportation, infrastructure, and now, market based solutions for climate change.Stephanie McGann Jantzen - Crisis Communications, Republican Strategist, Policy and political consultant.Jennifer Lim - Co-Founder & Executive Director of Republican Women for Progress.Meghan Milloy - Co-Founder & Executive Director of Republican Women for Progress.Tara Setmayer - CNN Political Commentator, Contributor to ABC News, and Former GOP Communications Director on Capitol Hill.Rina Shah - Political Adviser, Commentator, & Founder of Republican Women for Biden.It's Thursday, August 27th, the last day of the Republican National Convention, and another group of Never Trump Republicans have come out an endorsed VP Joe Biden for President.More than 100 former staff members from Sen. John McCain’s campaigns and congressional offices announced Thursday that they are endorsing Joe Biden for president. [31]“Given the incumbent president’s lack of competent leadership, his efforts to aggravate rather than bridge divisions among Americans, and his failure to uphold American values, we believe the election of former Vice President Biden is clearly in the national interest.”The list of the 100 former McCain staffers is found here. [32] They call themselves McCain Alumni For Biden.I highlight the more established Never Trump groups below, but it's important to take a moment to reflect on an incredibly powerful statement released today by Billy Graham's granddaughter, [33]Jerushah Duford, who is a member of The Lincoln Women.In part, she wrote:On August 28th, Evan McMullin, in his speech at the Convention on Founding Principles, a Republican alternative to the RNC, endorsed VP Joe Biden.In addition, there are numerous organizations actively working to reach moderate and disaffected Republican voters by donating money, producing ads, conducting focus groups, and actively recruiting voters and activists.On September 1st, a new group called Veteran and Military Community Coalition is working with The Lincoln Project to get Biden elected. [34]The coalition members are:Former Navy Secretary John Dalton;retired Army Lt. Col. Bob Andrews;Retired Army Maj, General Donna Barbisch;Former Navy Lt. Daniel Barkhuff;retired Army Col. Joseph Collins; former Navy Lt. Chris David;Gold Star Mother and retired psychiatric-mental health nurse Judith Gentz;Purple Heart recipient Ernesto Hernandez;retired Army Lt. Gen. Mark Hertling;former Army Lt. Andre Hollis;wounded veterans advocate Blair Hughes;retired Army Col. Mike Jason;retired Marine Col. Scott Jensen;retired Army Lt. Col. John Lock;U.S. Cavalry Officer Brennan Mullaney;ex-airborne infantryman Matt Pelak;National Guard mother Jessica Piper;retired Army 1st Sgt. Curtez Riggs;military and veteran advocate Colleen Saffron;former Navy Lt. Glenn Schatz;former Navy Electronics Technician Daniel Tapia;former Army Capt. Matt ZellerThe other groups that I know of are listed below.43 Alumni, 43 Alumni Endorsing Joe Biden - 43 Alumni for Biden connected to the George W. Bush Administration. [35]COUNTRY OVER PARTY’ Despite policy differences with Biden, “hundreds” of former Bush officials believe the Democrat has the integrity to meet America’s challenges, the 43 Alumni members said. [36]The group of at least 300 former officials, aides and Cabinet secretaries formed 43 Alumni for Biden to block President Donald Trump from winning a second term, arguing on its website that "democracy is at stake" and there have been "far too many days filled with chaos emanating from the highest levels of government.[37] [38] Our mission is clear, to elect Joe Biden as the next President of the United States. Through our advocacy, 43 Alumni for Biden seeks to unite and mobilize a community of historically Republican voters who are dismayed and disappointed by the damage done to our nation by Donald Trump’s presidency. Our efforts will focus on engaging voters with shared concerns about the future of our country and compelling them to make the right choice by voting for Joe Biden on Election Day, November 3rd, 2020.The Lincoln Project [39] 8 GOP operatives including George Conway & Rick Wilson. They are affiliated with Republicans For The Rule Of Law. George Conway just stepped away from his role at The Lincoln Project in order to support his four children, who have suffered from extreme disagreements between George Conway and his wife, Kellyanne Conway, who just resigned her position as Senior Adviser to President Trump. George Conway Tweeted that he still remains passionate about his Never Trump movement. [40] His daughter, Claudia, Tweeted that she is devastated that her mother still plans to speak at the RNC. [41][42]Republican Voters Against Trump made up of everyday conservative and Republican voters who are now voting for Biden & connected to Defending Democracy Together[43] Here is part of one of their statements in response to the differences between VP Biden & President Trump in response to how they have both handled the George George Floyd murder. “If I had to boil it all down, the main difference, for me, as an anti-Trump Republican, is that thbioe America Joe Biden describes is a place I'd like to live. Trump's ... not so much.” Sarah Longwell.[44]Republicans For A New President [45] a group dedicated to restoring honor and dignity to the White House & affiliated with Stand Up Republic, made up of [46] conservatives Tara Setmayer & Evan McMullin, who support vote by mail, electoral reform, are against racial injustice, among other democratic party issues and appear to be forming a new and different Republican Party.Right Side PAC: prominent Republicans — including former White House staffer Anthony Scaramucci. The “Right Side PAC,” composed of former officials from the Trump and George W. Bush administrations, will initially focus on Republicans in the battleground states of Arizona, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. [47] They will use digital, mail and telephone to reach the voters and encourage absentee voting. Matt Borges, a former chair of the Ohio Republican Party and an alum of the George W. Bush administration, and founder of the group said the group will work to turn out "that group of Republicans who feels that Donald Trump is an existential threat to the country and this party. [48]Right Side PAC “will target disillusioned former Trump voters in battleground states who might be open to voting for Biden this time around—something the group’s founder, former Ohio Republican Party chairman Matt Borges, calls “the correction option.[14]“Stand Up Republic [49] This organization is run by Evan McMullin, former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operations officer who ran as an independent during the 2016 United States presidential election. [50] The group focuses on "defense of democratic (small 'd') norms, constitutionalism and civic involvement." [6] Speaking on so-called "alternative facts" McMullin said: "Undermining truth is a typical authoritarian tactic. It is incredibly dangerous.Operation Grant: Republicans against Trump: 'We will not make the same mistake this November' Ohio Republicans are launching Operation Grant to mobilize GOP voters in the Buckeye State against our current president. This Group is run by Phil Heimlich, a former assistant prosecutor and Republican City Council member and Hamilton County commissioner; Chris Gagin, former Belmont County GOP chairman, who resigned in disgust after Trump’s Helsinki debacle; Roger Synenberg, former chairman of the Republican Party and Board of Elections in Cleveland, and inductee into the Cuyahoga County Republican Hall of Fame; Chris Gibbs, former Republican chairman and Board of Elections president in Shelby County; Michael Anne Johnson, former Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Northern District of Ohio.After the Civil War, President Grant rose to the moment to unite a nation most divided. Ohioans who wish to preserve our republic will rise to the moment, too.North Carolina Republicans for Biden: part of a national effort officials say is aimed at engaging Republicans who are supporting Democratic nominee Joe Biden for president, instead of voting to re-elect President Donald Trump. Among the list of Republican politicians announcing their support of Biden are former N.C. Supreme Court Associate Justice Robert “Bob” Orr, former state Representative Charles Jeter, Transylvania County Board of Commissioners Chair Mike Hawkins and Transylvania County Board of Commissioners Vice-Chair Page Lemel.[51]In addition, we are starting to see high-level military officers warning us that Trump is abusing his Executive Power.General James Mattis issued a statement today. [52] [53] In part, it states:Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people—does not even pretend to try. Instead he tries to divide us. We are witnessing the consequences of three years of this deliberate effort. We are witnessing the consequences of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society. This will not be easy, as the past few days have shown, but we owe it to our fellow citizens; to past generations that bled to defend our promise; and to our children…We know that we are better than the abuse of executive authority that we witnessed in Lafayette Square. We must reject and hold accountable those in office who would make a mockery of our Constitution.Retired Navy Admiral Mike Mullen, and former Joint Chiefs of Staff, made a statement as well:[54] Retired Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, a former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, accused President Trump Tuesday of disrespecting the right to protest and potentially politicizing the military."It sickened me yesterday to see security personnel — including members of the National Guard — forcibly and violently clear a path through Lafayette Square to accommodate the president's visit outside St. John's Church”In another statement by Navy Admiral Mike Mullin [55], he:spoke strongly against the notion of bringing in the military to quell violent protests in the U.S., warning that such a move could sink the public's trust in the armed forces to levels not seen in more than 50 years."The potential use of our military to fight our own people, to deploy in the streets and, to use a phrase that the Secretary of Defense used, to dominate in the battle space -- we have a military to fight our enemies, not our own people," Mullen said. "And our military should never be called to fight our own people as enemies of the state. And that, quite frankly, for me really tipped it over.Discussing the current political climate, Mullen recalled 1968 and the period following the assassinations of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy, while the Vietnam War raged on and public opinion of the military was low."I see this reemerging, and from a war, quite frankly, where the United States military lost the respect and the trust of the American people," Mullen recalled. "We’ve regained that. And in very short order, should we get into conflict in our own streets, there’s a very significant chance we could lose that trust that has taken us 50-plus years to restore."General John Allen made a statement today.General Allen went on to state: [56]It wasn’t enough that peaceful protestors had just been deprived of their first-amendment rights – this photo-op sough to legitimise that abuse with a layer of religion.”Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Ret. Gen. Martin Dempsey condemned Trump's threat to use military force to suppress nationwide protests as "dangerous" and "very troubling.[57]The retired general said military involvement should be reserved for "conflict in external wars.""The idea that the military would be called in to dominate and to suppress what, for the most part, were peaceful protests — admittedly, where some had opportunistically turned them violent — and that the military would somehow come in and calm that situation was very dangerous to me," he said.Retired Retired four-star Gen. Richard Myers said:[58]As I understand it, that was a peaceful protest that was disturbed by force, and that's not right," he said. "That should not happen in America. And so I was sad. I mean, we should all shed tears over that, that particular act."James Miller, a former undersecretary of defense for policy, cited Secretary of Defense Mark Esper's participation in President Donald Trump's Monday night photo op in front of St. John's Church.[59]“Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"The resignation comes as the nation braced for its eighth night of protests sparked by the police killing of George Floyd. Here is part of the letter:When I joined the Board in early 2014, after leaving government service as Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, I again swore an oath of office, one familiar to you, that includes the commitment to "support and defend the Constitution of the United States . . . and to bear true faith and allegiance to the same."You recited that same oath on July 23, 2019, when you were sworn in as Secretary of Defense. On Monday, June 1, 2020, I believe that you violated that oath. Law-abiding protesters just outside the White House were dispersed using tear gas and rubber bullets — not for the sake of safety, but to clear a path for a presidential photo op. You then accompanied President Trump in walking from the White House to St. John's Episcopal Church for that photo.President Trump's actions Monday night violated his oath to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed," as well as the First Amendment "right of the people peaceably to assemble." You may not have been able to stop President Trump from directing this appalling use of force, but you could have chosen to oppose it. Instead, you visibly supported it.Anyone who takes the oath of office must decide where he or she will draw the line: What are the things that they will refuse to do? Secretary Esper, you have served honorably for many years, in active and reserve military duty, as Secretary of the Army, and now as Secretary of Defense. You must have thought long and hard about where that line should be drawn. I must now ask: If last night's blatant violations do not cross the line for you, what will?Miller ended the letter by saying, "I wish you the best, in very difficult times. The sanctity of the U.S. Constitution, and the lives of Americans, may depend on your choices." [60]Former Chief of Staff to President Trump, John J. Kelly, also came out with his own statement today that he is in agreement with General Mattis. [61]“I agree with him,” Kelly said during a virtual panel discussion.“I think we need to look harder at who we elect,” said Kelly, who left the White House in January 2019. “I think we should look at people that are running for office and put them through the filter: What is their character like? What are their ethics.”Kelly said police should be responsible for ending violent protests. “These are civilian responsibilities,” Kelly said. “We should be very, very careful before we contemplate sending in active duty.”William Harry McRaven (born November 6, 1955), retired United States Navy four-star admiral stated:“In the military, there are three criteria for every decision we make,” McRaven said. “It has to be moral, legal, and ethical. [To be] Ethical you have to follow the rules, legally you have to follow the law, and to be moral you have to follow what you know to be right, and either way, this was just not right. You’re not going to use, whether it’s the military or the National Guard, to clear peaceful American citizens for the President of the United States to take a photo op. There is nothing morally right about that.[62]Admiral McCraven also stated:[63]“This fall, it’s time for new leadership in this country – Republican, Democrat or independent,” said William H McRaven, the retired Navy admiral who directed the raid that killed Osama bin Laden. “President Trump has shown he doesn’t have the qualities necessary to be a good commander in chief.McRaven, in an interview on the 76th anniversary of D-Day, noted that those wartime leaders inspired Americans with “their words actions and their humanity”.In contrast, he said, Mr Trump has failed his leadership test. “As we have struggled with the Covid pandemic and horrible acts of racism and injustice, this president has shown none of those qualities,” Mr McRaven said. “The country needs to move forward without him at the helm.”Colin Powell, retired 4 star general, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under George Bush, just endorsed Joe Biden.Powell said in an interview on CNN's "State of The Union. “We have a Constitution. We have to follow that Constitution. And the president's drifted away from it.”General Powell went on to say: [64]"The Republican Party, the president thought they were immune, they can say anything they wanted," Powell said. "And even more troubling, the Congress would just sit there and not in any way resist what the president is doing.""The one word I have to use with respect to what he's been doing for the last several years is the word I would never have used before, never would have used with any of the four presidents I worked for: He lies," Powell added. "He lies about things, and he gets away with it because people will not hold him accountable.Retired U.S. Navy Adm. James Stavridis said Sunday:“protests over George Floyd's death aren't "a battlespace to be dominated," as President Trump suggested.The former NATO supreme allied commander told NBC's "Meet the Press" that he thinks there are "plenty of people" in law enforcement, including officers and the National Guard, who can police the demonstrations without the military getting involved."Their real role is to protect these peaceful demonstrators," he said. "This is not a battlespace to be dominated."There are sufficient forces to do that, and I think the military is very concerned about getting pulled into the maelstrom of politics in an election year in order to push protesters, as they were at Lafayette Square," he said. "That was wrong."The Modern Military Association of America, a nonprofit organization for the LGBTQ military and veteran community, released this statement.[65]"Donald Trump just crossed a very serious line that demands swift and forceful condemnation by every Member of Congress," said the group's interim executive director, Air Force veteran Jennifer Dane. "Promoting a letter that labels American citizens peacefully exercising their First Amendment rights as 'terrorists' is an egregious breach of his oath to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. Now more than ever, it is absolutely crucial that Trump be held accountable for his reckless actions.”Former Army Secretary Eric Fanning endorsed VP Biden.The first openly gay Army secretary says he’s supporting Joe Biden for president, the latest endorsement from a former military leader who had criticized President Donald Trump over his handling of anti-racism demonstrations.Eric Fanning, who held a variety of Navy and Air Force civilian positions and was Army secretary from 2016 to 2017, on Wednesday cited Biden’s “empathy” and “integrity” in engaging with members of the military.Fanning is among 89 former senior defense officials who recently signed an op-ed to voice opposition to Trump’s threatened use of active-duty troops to quell protests over George Floyd’s killing by Minneapolis police..[66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’Another, General Ricardo Sanchez, issued a statement as well. [67]"The overtly racist comments and discriminatory actions of our current President," Sanchez wrote, "have convinced me that this administration does not actually view racial diversity as a pillar of American strength, and that it is choosing to actively ignore many elements of our Constitution.Related criticisms come from:Gen. Tony Thomas, retired four-star Marine Gen. John Allen, retired three-star Lt. Gen. Russel Honore, retired four-star Gen. Michael Hayden, retired Maj. Gen. Steven Lepper, retired four-star Gen. Barry McCaffrey, White House chief of staff.The Washington Post published an op-ed critical of Trump over the weekend, co-authored by 78 former Defense Department officials, including four former Pentagon chiefs -- two Democrats and two Republicans. It coincided with a statement, calling on the president not to use the U.S. military for political ends, co-signed by more than 280 retired diplomats, generals, and senior national security officials.Among the 280 signatories were more than 20 retired generals.[68]Fanning is among 89 former senior defense officials who recently signed an op-ed to voice opposition to Trump’s threatened use of active-duty troops to quell protests over George Floyd’s killing by Minneapolis police.Here is a list of officials who have resigned under President Trump [69]. Many of them are voting for VP Biden. A well known Republican is Anthony Scaramucci.Miles Taylor, the former Department of Homeland Security chief of staff under President Trump, endorsed Joe Biden for president in a video funded by Republican Voters Against Trump. [70]Here's a list of prominent Republican party officials who voted against Trump in 2016. [71] Notably, past Governor of OH and Republican Party presidential candidate John Kasich is included on this list.John Kasich has officially endorsed VP Biden and gave a speech at the Democratic National Convention in August 2020. [72]Kasich’s speech is to highlight intraparty disaffection with Trump and create a permission structure for Republican voters to support Biden. [73]Former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld (R), said he would vote for Joe Biden “in a heartbeat”.Weld said Trump’s strongest opponent is Biden because “he’s a lunch-pail Democrat. He’s a good guy. He’s a centrist, and Trump is not going to be able to play the socialism card against him.”Arnold Schwarzenegger is another former GOP Governor on the list, as are current GOP Governors Charlie Baker (R-MA), Larry Hogan (R-MA,), Sen. Mitt Romney (R-UT), and US Rep. Justin Amash, now an Independent.GOP Vermont Governor Phil Scott says that he won’t vote for Trump but will consider supporting Democratic Presidential Candidate VP Joe Biden. [74]Steven Calabresi, a prominent Republican, is founder of the Federalist Society, and formerly a major Trump Supporter, came out publicly on July 30, 2020, calling for Trump to be impeached for tweeting that the election should be delayed.[75]Calabresi declared himself "appalled" by the tweet, which he characterized as "seeking to postpone the November election.""Until recently, I had taken as political hyperbole the Democrats' assertion that President Trump is a fascist," the conservative legal scholar wrote. "But this latest tweet is fascistic and is itself grounds for the president's immediate impeachment again by the House of Representatives and his removal from office by the Senate."Carli Fiorina, Republican candidate in 2016, voted for Trump. She just endorsed VP Joe Biden.Former Hewlett-Packard (HP) CEO Carly Fiorina, who was an early GOP candidate in 2016, announced she would vote for presumptive Democratic nominee Joe Biden in this year’s election. [76]“I am encouraged that Joe Biden is a person of humility and empathy and character. I think he’s demonstrated that through his life,” she added, noting that though there are “plenty of policy differences” between her and Biden, she believes he can “problem solve” and “find common ground on a bipartisan basis.”Some wealthy Republican donors, and lifelong Republicans have recently endorsed VP Joe Biden for president.Jimmy Tosh, who runs a multi-million dollar hog and grain farm in Tennessee, is a lifelong Republican. He is pro-gun, supports lower taxes and agrees with most of Republican President Donald Trump’s agenda.He is also spending his money to help defeat Trump in November’s election. “I agree with 80% of the things he does; I just cannot stand a liar,” Tosh, 70, said of Trump.[77]“I made the decision I will not support a Republican candidate in an election until Trump is gone,” he said.Other top individual donors to The Lincoln Project include: hedge fund billionaire Andy Redleaf, who sits on the board of visitors at the conservative Federalist Society.Redleaf, founder of Minnesota-based hedge fund Whitebox Advisors, said Biden will be the first Democratic presidential candidate he has voted for.Readleaf, who calls himself a “conservative libertarian,” has donated $35,000 to The Lincoln Project. He said he agreed with the group’s push to also target Republican senators who face tough re-election battles in November.Sidney Jansma Jr., an oil and gas executive from Michigan and a frequent donor to Republican candidates and causes.[78]Prominent Republican and billionaire, Mark Cuban, endorsed VP Joe Biden, while appearing as a guest on Sean Hannity's show on Fox. [79]"Do you believe that he has the strength, the stamina, the mental acuity, the alertness to be taking on what is the toughest job in the world, being the president of the United States?" Hannity asked. "Do you in your heart believe he does?”"One hundred percent," Cuban responded. "Absolutely."Other notable Republican figures who have endorsed VP Biden for president. [80]Robert Blackwill, U.S. Ambassador to India (2001–2003) (Republican)Richard Burt, U.S. Ambassador to Germany (1985–1989) (Republican)Frank Lavin, ambassador to Singapore (2001–2005) (Republican)Robert Tuttle, United States ambassador to the United Kingdom (2005–2009) (Republican)Philip Zelikow, Counselor of the United States Department of State (2005–2007) (Republican)Michael Donley, Secretary of the Air Force (2008–2013) (Republican)Raymond DuBois, acting Under Secretary of the Army (2005–2006) (Republican)Sean O'Keefe, Secretary of the Navy and NASA Administrator (Republican)William Howard Taft IV, Deputy Secretary of Defense (1984–1989) and the great-grandson of President William Howard Taft (Republican)Michael G. Vickers, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence 2011-2015 (Republican)Matthew Waxman, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs (2004–2005) (Republican)Dov Zakheim, Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) (2001–2004) (Republican)Linton Brooks, Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security and Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration (2003–2007) (Republican)Victor Cha, National Security Council's director of Asian affairs (2004–2007) (Republican)Gary Edson, Deputy National Security Advisor (2001–2004) (Republican)Richard Falkenrath, Deputy Homeland Security Advisor (2003–2004) (Republican)Aaron Friedberg, deputy assistant for National security (2003–2005)(Republican)James Glassman, Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy (2008–2009) (Republican)Colleen Graffy, United States Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy for Europe and Eurasia (2004–2009) (Republican)James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (2001–2005) (Republican)David Kramer, Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2008–2009) (Republican)Stephen Krasner, Director of Policy Planning (2005–2007) (Republican)James Loy, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–2005) (Republican)Rosario Marin, Treasurer of the United States (2001–2003) (Republican)John Mitnick, General Counsel of the United States Department of Homeland Security (2018–2019) (Republican)Ken Wainstein, Homeland Security Advisor (2008–2009) (Republican)Jeff Flake, U.S. Senator from Arizona (2013–2019), U.S. Representative from AZ-06 (2003–2013) and AZ-01 (2001–2003) (Republican)John Warner, U.S. Senator from Virginia (1979–2009), Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee (2003–2007), Chair of the Senate Rule Committee (1995–1999), United States Secretary of the Navy (1972–1974), Under Secretary of the Navy (1969–1972) (Republican)Jim Leach, U.S. Representative from IA-02 (2003–2007), Chair of the House Financial Services Committee (1995-2001) (Republican)Susan Molinari, U.S. Representative from NY-14 (1990–1997) (Republican)Chris Shays, U.S. Representative from CT-04 (1987-2009) (Republican)Other Public Figures/Celebrities:Gretchen Carlson, journalist and former television commentator.Claudia Conway, liberal activist, daughter of Kellyanne Conway and George ConwayGeorge Conway, attorney, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican before 2018, now Independent)S. E. Cupp, television host and political commentator (Republican)Sarah Longwell, publisher of The Bulwark, former board chair of the Log Cabin Republicans (Republican)Cindy McCain, businesswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and widow of United States Senator, Vietnam war veteran and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain (Republican)Piers Morgan, English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and television personalityAna Navarro, political commentator and Republican strategist (Republican)Jennifer Rubin, journalist, columnist for The Washington Post (Independent)Steve Schmidt, chief strategist for the John McCain 2008 presidential campaign, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican before 2018, now Independent)Stuart Stevens, writer and senior political strategist for Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign (Republican)Sully Sullenberger, former U.S. Air Force captain and commercial airline pilot during the water landing of US Airways Flight 1549 (former Republican)Charlie Sykes, conservative talk show radio host, founder of The Bulwark (Republican)John Weaver, political consultant, chief strategist for the John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican)George Will, journalist, columnist for The Washington Post (Republican before 2016, now Independent)Rick Wilson, political strategist, media consultant, author, co-founder of The Lincoln Project (Republican)Meg Whitman, CEO of Quibi, CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise (2011–2018), CEO of eBay (1998–2008), 2010 Republican nominee for Governor of California (Republican)Meghan McCain, daughter of former Arizona Senator and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain, co-host of The View (Republican)Tara Setmayer, CNN Political Commentator, Contributor to ABC News and former GOP Communications Director (Republican)Amanda Carpenter, former campaign director for Ted Cruz.List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign. [81]Here is the Wikipedia on Republicans who opposed Trump: List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - WikipediaFootnotes[1] The Lincoln Project, Reclaim Our Party, the Bravery Project and more: The crowded, competitive world of anti-Trump GOP groups[2] The Bravery Project[3] Home - Christians Against Trumpism[4] Statements Archives - Checks and Balances[5] Charles G. Boyd - Wikipedia[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqv7keP4o-Q[7] Retired General Backs Biden, Says A 2nd Trump Term Would Put Democracy 'At Risk'[8] Former Montana GOP governor Marc Racicot voting for Biden[9] I was a Republican governor of Pa. I'm voting for Joe Biden | Opinion[10] Cindy McCain, Widow Of Onetime GOP Nominee, Endorses Biden For President [11] Cindy McCain Formally Endorses Biden[12] Exclusive: Biden garners more Republican endorsements, this time from ex-governors[13] Mona Charen: Why this pro-life conservative is voting for Biden[14] Conservative commentator Margaret Hoover says she will 'quite likely' vote for Biden[15] Former RNC Chair Michael Steele Joins Pro-Biden Republican Group Lincoln Project[16] Former Republican Party chair says Trump trying to "hijack" election after endorsing Joe Biden[17] 4 Republicans to speak on opening night of Democratic National Convention[18] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[19] https://youtu.be/2jpXXoEmH-8[20] Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain’s Memorial[21] Former GOP Rep. Charlie Dent endorses Biden[22] More than 70 former GOP national security officials endorse Biden for president[23] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[24] Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden - Defending Democracy Together[25] Former Trump official: ‘You were hired to handle America’s worst day and you’ve absolutely failed’[26] All The Republicans Who Have Endorsed Joe Biden For President[27] Jeff Flake joins over two-dozen former GOP members of Congress to launch ‘Republicans for Biden’[28] 'He's going to be unleashed': Republican DOJ appointees urge against Trump second term[29] We've Had Enough | The Lincoln Project[30] Anti-Trump PAC ‘The Lincoln Project’ Launching ‘Lincoln Women,’ Led By Prominent GOP Women[31] Hundreds of former aides to George W. Bush, John McCain endorse Biden for president[32] McCain Alums endorse Joe Biden for President[33] I'm Billy Graham's granddaughter. Evangelical support of Donald Trump spits on his legacy.[34] Lincoln Project Unveils Veteran Coalition Opposing Trump's Re-Election | The Well News | Pragmatic, Governance, Fiscally Responsible, News & Analysis[35] Bush administration alums form pro-Biden super PAC[36] Exclusive: Hundreds of George W. Bush administration officials to back Biden, group says[37] 'Democracy is at stake': Former Bush aides and staffers launch super PAC in support of Biden[38] About Us[39] Dedicated Americans Protecting Democracy | The Lincoln Project[40] Twitter[41] Twitter[42] CLAUDIA CONWAY on Twitter[43] Defending Democracy Together[44] The Republicans who'd prefer Joe Biden might swing the election[45] Republicans for a New President[46] Stand Up Republic – Home[47] GOP members create super PAC to boost Joe Biden ahead of election[48] Republican operatives launch new group supporting Biden[49] Stand Up Republic – Home[50] Evan McMullin - Wikipedia[51] Group of N.C. Republicans come out in support of Joe Biden[52] Trump's former defense secretary Mattis blasts president as a threat to American democracy[53] General James Mattis Statement[54] Ex-Joint Chiefs chair 'sickened' by action against DC protesters, says not 'appropriate' to call in military[55] Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chair warns military use against protests could sink public trust to Vietnam-era level[56] The US military is facing a danger unlike any war – a president seeking to sow division and discord | Kim Sengupta[57] Former Joint Chiefs Chairman Condemns Trump's Threat To Use Military At Protests[58] Breaking News, Latest News and Videos[59] http://Where will you draw the line, and when will you draw it?"[60] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/02/secretary-esper-you-violated-your-oath-aiding-trumps-photo-op-thats-why-im-resigning/?arc404=true[61] Trump’s Former Chief Kelly Sides With Mattis Criticism[62] Retired Navy Admiral William McRaven: "Nothing Morally Right" About Trump Bible Photo-Op[63] George W Bush and Mitt Romney among Republicans who say they won’t back Trump re-election[64] Colin Powell calls Trump a liar, says he skirts the Constitution, will vote Biden[65] Trump shares letter that calls peaceful protesters 'terrorists'[66] Former Army secretary backs Biden, citing ‘moral leadership’[67] Former commander of US ground forces in Iraq blasts Trump as 'racist'[68] Admiral from bin Laden raid: US 'needs to move forward without' Trump[69] List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations - Wikipedia[70] Trump's former Homeland Security chief of staff endorses Joe Biden[71] List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia[72] https://youtu.be/g_jmm2NLLeQ[73] Why Is the Left Angry at Republicans Working to Elect Joe Biden?[74] GOP Vermont gov. says he won't vote for Trump but "would consider" supporting Biden[75] Citing Election Delay Tweet, Influential Trump Ally Now Demands His Re-Impeachment[76] Former GOP Candidate Carly Fiorina Throws Support Behind Biden[77] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[78] The wealthy Republicans who want to oust Trump in November's election[79] Mark Cuban explains why he backs Biden in November: 'Joe Biden actually wants to run a country'[80] List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements - Wikipedia[81] List of Republicans who oppose the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign - Wikipedia

COMPANY FORENSICS | YIK YAK: A DEADLY COMBINATIONAnonymous messages and local context were the per fectmore post:How can You use Website for Money Making : Part 1 - Tech WebSite RankingHow can You use Website for Money Making : Part 1 - Tech WebSite Ranking Now the web is fully loaded with the information and tips on money making. As per me they are incomplete. That is what provoked me to write this article. You also must be having something on your mind. If now also you think that I am missing on something do let me know at the end of this post. We will incorporate that as well. Remember that money making through a website are much unlike making more money through it. Great tips to amplify web traffic will earn you more money, even though all that doesn’t stand for money making as per the search engine. Example: One can say that AdSense ads and content will make you money from any website. I would say it is merely a trick to improve your clicking rate on ads. But, the actual thing working is PPCnetwork behind it. 1. Network of PPC Ads Google AdSense is very well known in our community. Here you are allowed to sign up and attach some codes provided on the site you are running. Then some ads are put by the network on your site and with every click you start earning. The profit here relies on the traffic you have on the website, and upon the click rate and the cost per click. Mainly the click rate depends on the website design. Moreover the ads related to the content get relatively more clicks. For instance ads on websites about mortgage, education, financial products get more cost per click; rate can be up to $2 or even more per click. Comparatively ads on technical websites get a few cents per click. The traffic source can also get affected by the click through rate. The traffic sent by the search engine performs good as these are the people looking for some or the other thing already so they don’t hesitate to click on ads. On the other hand traffic coming from the social media sites don’t have that good reputation, as they are techies, tend to ignore any such ads giving a very-very low click rate. CPC networks are: Clicksor, BidVertiser, Google Adsense and Yahoo! (YPN) 2. CPM Network CPM advertising acts muck like PPC network, except the fact that you earn as per the page views where that ads placed on your website. Cost per mile (CPM) is calculated on the basis of the cost per 1000 impressions. This is an approximate calculation that if a blog is generating 100,000 page views in a month containing an ad banner which is costing $1 cost per mille, is going to make around $100 in a month. The CPM rates do keep changing depending upon the ad format and positioning. If the network is good CPM rates will of course be good considering the access to number of ads. If the ads are on the top page, the CPM will be higher. Higher the pixels of the ads format is, the CPM growth will increase. Here you can earn from $0 to $10 per 1,000 page views. CPM ads performed well on sites with increased number of impressions per visitor. In case of magazines and online forums. CPM Ads Network are: Value Click, Tribalhttps://techwebsiteranking.blogspot.com/2019/02/how-can-you-use-website-for-money_18.htmlHow can You use Website for Money Making Part 2 - Tech WebSite RankingHow can You use Website for Money Making Part 2 - Tech WebSite Rankinghttps://techwebsiteranking.blogspot.com/2019/02/how-can-you-use-website-for-money_14.htmlHow can You use Website for Money Making Part 3 - Tech WebSite RankingHow can You use Website for Money Making Part 3 - Tech WebSite Ranking As we have much discussed in part 1 and part 2 about money making, I still feel like adding more to it. Selling of the websites is also observed as a money making option for some people. As this has a good prospective towards making big money quickly. There are some forums available as: Sitepoint and DigitalPoint constantly participating in buying and selling of a website. However, it is not as simple as it seems, there are few things that they like considering before getting into it. In website’s buying and selling few aspects are kept in mind like the revenue it is generating per month multiplied by anything between 5 to 30. Now the number completely depends on the person wanting to sell it. Some people so make sites only to gain profit from it, or they even buy existing ones and after revamping again it goes for selling. EBook selling It is an age old strategy of making money. Manipulating a website for the promotion of a related EBook is very well known method and feasible as well. There is no trick behind, it is a straight and simple selling and no risks involved. You here have an option to build the website around your book as SEOBook.com. Also, you can initiate an EBook depending upon your website’s accomplishment. You can go through: How to sell eBooks, List of eBook selling software etc. Hardcover Book Selling Many of the writers make use of their websites to sell their hardcopies of books like Malcom Gladwell and Seth Godin. There are many such famous writers who have created their own sites. You can also go the other way like first holding a command on the site of your niche and then going for book publishing. You have examples of self publishing here: WordClay, iUniverse and more. WordPress theme or Templates selling people are more and more interested in their online presence, which is why these are becoming hot favorite of all. Over here you have a conventional site TemplateMonster, also freelancers who want to promote their work singlehandedly. Unique Blog Designs also Brian Gardner is good website examples which are earning by selling WordPress themes. Consulting services Based on your interest, you can certainly earn by giving people a consultancy. Being an author also would help you more. The information that you are going to share with the readers will build trust in them and earn you credibility on that very subject which will make it easy to build followership and win customers. Similar step has been followed by Chris Garrett. He 1st made an impressive blog on his preferred niche, and later began consulting clients on the basis of their requirement on the same niche. Make a list of emails for your newsletters The combination of the two makes a powerful duo in money making’s marketing strategy. Comparatively it also gives a very high conversion rate and considered efficient as well. Nonetheless, having a big list of emails for the job is a bit thhttps://techwebsiteranking.blogspot.com/2019/02/how-can-you-use-website-for-money.htmlmix to popularize Yik Yak in 2013. They were also the poison to kill him.And to write on his tombstone the epitaph of: he died too young and too soon.The social network devised by two young roommates at Furman University in South Carolina - yes, Facebook-style - went from popular to irrelevant.Brooks Buffington and Tyler Droll managed to sneak YikYak into the top 10 social media apps on the Apple App Store shortly after its debut.The idea of ​​expressing your thoughts, without displaying yourname, and allowing other users to read it within 1.5 miles, won over young people on hundreds of college campuses in the United States.The magic dazzled not only students but also investors who, in three rounds, awarded $ 73.5 million in venture capital to Buffington and Droll.Not bad, right?But it was a matter of time.Anonymity, which affects everything it touches, turned the social network into a catalog of cyberbullying and sexist, racist and hateful comments.Did the disaster formula grow as did the app?How is it that a startup valued at $ 400 million could not stop its decline?It was tried, but unfortunately, it was too late.This is the startup coroner: Yik Yak.Yik Yak was not the first app developed by Brooks Buffington and Tyler Droll.His previous attempts include a game, called Fry Cook, that never took off;and an app for asking quick and easy questions called Said, short for "dichotomy."In the beginning, fraternity brothers Doug Warstler and Tyler Droll developed the Fry Cook iPhone game.It was more than a homework assignment, but less than a first try.Buffington teamed up to form a trio when they developed Said.After that, they established Locus Engineering LLC in June 2012. Brooks Buffington and Tyler Droll finished college and returned home, while Warstler returned to finish college.It was in 2013 when YikYak emerged.Locus Engineering LLC was dissolved and Warstler was left out of the equation.He later sued the founders, claiming his place in raising the unicorn.Keeping it simpleThe idea of ​​the founders of YikYak was quite simple: short messages, called Yaks, to share with anyone who was close, very close, without having to reveal an identity.Now what was shared?FeedbackClass Notes RequestsComplains about the cafeteria foodOr was it simply used to express your thoughts without the risk of being judgedThe app quickly spread across the Furman University campus, where its founders studied, then made it to Georgia Tech, and the rest ishistory.It went viral in American universities and even reached other countries such as Spain, Germany, Brazil, Australia.While alive, YikYak captured the attention and funding of 10 investors and was supported in Atlanta.Although it seemed almost an inescapable requirement to immerse yourself in the Silicon Valley environment to obtain financing.What they did well.A diamond in the rough?YikYak was a social network that would reach a coveted sector of the market: university students.At the peak of its fame, in 2014, YikYak ranked higher than giants like Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest on the AppStore, counting 1.8 million downloads that year.But success was not only achieved behind a keyboard.It was about generating a local context in the application, but also about diving around university campuses, holding special events and meeting potential users.This was an important and well-executed strategy - they even got former President George HW Bush to wear YikYak socks.More muscle than its competitorsDuring the heyday of Yik Yak, other apps like Secret and Formspring used anonymity to grow a community of users around them.These apps met the same fate of disappearing, but died even earlier, in 2015. They couldn't beat Yik Yak in terms of venture capital, either.Secret, a confession app, barely raised $ 35 million to fund it, and the founders earned $ 3 million each.After their initial push, they didn't appear in the top 100 most popular apps on the App Store, but they still hit 15 million users.In April 2015, David Byttow, CEO of SecretSecret, the anonymous gossip app that raised $35 million, is shutting down after a crazy yearAfter relaunching as a social network last year, the app is reportedly in the process of shutting down.https://www.businessinsider.com/secret-app-shutting-down-2015-4.He also stated that they would return part of the money invested to their partners.On the other hand, Formspring, an application to ask anonymous questions, lost ground to the movements of companies like Tumblr and only obtained 14 million dollars in venture capital.Founded in 2009, it reached 30 million registered users and 4 billion publications.It finally closed its doors in March 2013. In late 2014, Yik Yak announced a financing round from Sequoia Capital.Although, after that, downloads and traffic rates started to drop.When did the ship start to sink?Although the initial enthusiasm of freely asking "who wants to go for a beer later?"could keep Yik Yak's flame alive, anonymity also led to unsettling situations: like receiving negative comments about your image or being close in the same room as your stalker and not knowing who he was.Also, you're not in college forever (well, some people are), but most of the students graduated, moved to other cities, and interest in the application waned.However, the app played an important role when in the middle of a shooting at the Florida State University library in 2015, students used Yik Yak to let authorities know where they were hiding.Gradually, the application began to receive press attention, not because of its rapid growth or its ability to raise capital, but because of its difficulty in stopping the insults and cyberbullying.The founders resorted to a few measures to try to limit comments that undermined the app's image, such as the Yakarma.The Yakarma allowed the Yaker community to regulate the comments, giving positive or negative votes to the messages that were published.So the messages that received five negative votes came off the broadcast.This was not enough.Cases like that of the young Elizabeth Long were echoed in the press.Elizabeth tried to commit suicide and while she was recovering, she saw some messages on Yik Yak, inviting her to do it again, but this time to be "lucky" in achieving her goal.Another well-known case was that of the feminist Grace Rebecca Mann, who was found dead.United denounced that it had received numerous threats through the anonymous platform.The Yik Yak began to be popular in secondary schools, although it was banned in many of them.This forced Yik Yak to find solutions: offer geo-fences.The schools only had to fill out a form in which they indicated their coordinates to request the service to stop working there.Regardless of the number of downloads or users in the area.More than 100,000 schools were "fenced off."Why?Chicago was a particularly troublesome place for enforcement.In an interview, one of the founders said that it was funny that people wouldn't stop talking about Yik Yak in that state, but when they got to download it, they just couldn't use it.Ross Ellis, founder and CEO of Stomp Out Bullying, said in an interview with The New York Times that he had parents come forward to say that children as young as 9 had been threatened and harassed on the app.The proximity that initially caught the attention of users eventually made them fear for their safety, especially those who were harassed through the platform.Yik Yak also tried to motivate his followers to create a username.Later, this became mandatory.And when interest in the app fell, the founders had to withdraw that measure.But by that time, the app had already become a ghost town.Neither the private talks nor the list of the best yaks were enough to bring the dying unicorn back to life.What happened to you?Droll said they stopped listening to their users, distanced themselves from them and, according to him, that's when the downfall began.Finally, in 2017 they had to say goodbye to the app and the company that was once valued at $ 400 million, chose to sell part of its intellectual property and its team of engineers for a million dollars to the mobile payments company Square. .Yik Yak went from heaven to hell.Learned lessons:Power and responsibility: generating expectations in users and investors is a great power that comes with great responsibility.Anonymity and proximity: What made your company grow can also destroy it if you don't evolve.Change the rules of the game: Listen to what your customers want and give it to them, but do not pivot so much that they do not recognize you or identify with your product.Bad press: If they talk about your company, that's fine, but if they associate it with negative situations all the time, well, it's not. When the press talks about your product, act as soon as possible.Grow with your audience: It's okay to focus on your customers, but think about how you can remain relevant to them. Especially if they are college students, who will soon graduate and go home.If you lose relevance, your end is inevitable.‍

IT IS NOT! Temperature is the Achilles heel of the alarmists because temperatures are declining for the past 7000 years and have been flat at less than 0.5 C over the past 150 years. This variation is just natural nothing to do with us. In fact for the past few years temperatures are falling. The earth is cooling not heating up and the evidence of lower temperatures is everywhere.The polar ice caps are not melting away and are in fact expanding and this is key evidence that we remain in the grip of the Quaternary Ice Age. You can look with your own eyes and do not need to depend on data about temperatures fudged and tampered by alarmist scientists like James Hansen and Michael Mann.Ice-Free Arctic Fantasies Melting Away As Temperatures Plummet…Sea Ice Mass Grows ImpressivelyBy P Gosselin on14. March 2018German skeptic and weather expert ‘Schneefan’ here writes how climate activist Mark C. Serreze recently announced this year’s sea ice extent was at the smallest all-time area. But since then Arctic temperatures have plummeted and sea ice area has grown to over 14 million square kilometers:At the sea ice portal, the development is clearly shown.From sea ice portal as temperatures plummet.August 2020 Arctic sea ice portal shows lots of polar bear snow.Data about droughts shows a decline while evidence of snowfall is increasing around the world including Australia and these are not signs of warming. In fact the most notorious effect of the Little Ice Age was the increase in rainfall and flooding that killed millions and caused crop failure. TODAY RECORD RAINFALL AND HISTORIC FLOODING IS COMMON WORLDWIDE.Do your own research as the evidence is the weather is wetter causing floods and not drier causing droughts. The former is cooling the later not! For example Lake Powell in the desert has just risen 51 feet because of the record runoff in the Salt Lake are mountains.This rise does not come from a climate that is dangerously too hot.This is not surprising when you realize the earth is in an ice age called the Quaternary and are temporary warming is only what is called ‘the interglacial period’ when it ends devastating brutal low temperatures will be the normal.REFERENCESDON’T BE FOOLED BY FUDGED DATA THAT IGNORES REALITY SHOWING THE CLIMATE IS COLDER AROUND THE WORLDSERIOUS U.S., CANADIAN SPRING-WHEAT HARVEST CONCERNS FOLLOWING COLD AND WET CONDITIONSSEPTEMBER 21, 2019 CAP ALLONA record-cold Q1/2 and excessively wet conditions ever-since have decimated the quality of spring and durum wheat crops in the northern U.S. Plains and Canadian Prairies, reports Reuters.Historic cold earlier in the year led to a very late planting season, and while that’s causing its own yield and quality concerns, it’s the persistent rains and waterlogging which are giving farmers the biggest headaches of late.The wet conditions are severely hampering harvest efforts, and have even caused some mature, un-harvested wheat kernels to begin to sprout, severely damaging the quality.Farmers in North Dakota, by far the largest U.S. spring wheat producer, were 73% harvested by Sept 15. Crops still standing due to the weather delays –some 86 million bushels– will likely have the poorest quality.“It’s really bad news,” said Joel Ransom, an agronomist with North Dakota State University in Fargo.wyatt@NickwallMafiaSo much for the monster crop of spring wheat and durum in Eastern Montana and North Dakota. 7 to 12” of rain has made feed grain out of it now @USDA #farmlife #harvest19 on hold againSo much for the monster crop of spring wheat and durum in Eastern Montana and North Dakota. 7 to 12” of rain has made feed grain out of it now @USDA #farmlife #harvest19 on hold again— wyatt (@NickwallMafia) September 21, 2019Twitter Ads info and privacySee wyatt's other TweetsWhile just north of the border, in Canada, the wheat harvest is even-less advanced.Farmers had gathered just 13% of Saskatchewan’s spring wheat crop as of Monday, Sept 16. Harvest progress for all crops in the province totaled a paltry 23%, which is less than half the five-year average pace of 50%.The top grades of U.S. and Canadian spring and durum wheat “just are not going to be available in the same volumes,” said Chuck Penner, analyst at Winnipeg-based LeftField Commodity Research.And Jonathan Lane, head of ADM Agriculture’s grain trading, added that “weather concerns are still apparent in the southern hemisphere,” too.Wheat futures were on the march north this week, and as the harvest data continues rolling in, and the numbers continue falling short of what are very unrealistic market expectations, we should look for commodity prices to skyrocket in the coming months.Stay tuned for updates.Grow your own.The cold times are returning, in line with historically low solar activity:Prepare (and help support Electroverse) by becoming a Patron and receive a FREE Survival Tool:www.patreon.com/join/electroverseGrand Solar Minimum + Pole ShiftNO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE.For climate science the data most followed is temperature and yet it is surely the most unreliable at the global level. Also temperature has shown no evidence over the past 140 years of anything but natural variability.Temperature increases over the past 140 years at 0.8*C are too small and within the range of natural variability to constitute human made global warming.NASA Goddard Institute finds warming of 0.8* Celsius (1.4* Fahrenheit) since 1880. This means an average of only 0.0175 degree Celsius temperature increase annually. This minute amount is within the statistical error of data.Weather by itself cannot be evidence of global warming/ climate unless there is statistical record stretching far enough back to account for thousands of years or at least for centuries.The good news is that over the past decade increasing scientific research has shown that we don't need to choose between conquering poverty and saving the planet from disastrous warming. The actual warming effect of doubled carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be much smaller than the 2.7–8.1˚F the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has claimed. It is certainly less than half, probably less than a third.Indeed, as climatologist John R. Christy, meteorologist Joseph D'Aleo, and climate statistician James Wallace put it, observational evidence indicates that "once just the Natural Factor [solar, volcanic, and ocean current cycle variability] impacts on temperature data are accounted for, there is no ... Natural Factor Adjusted Warming at all" left to blame on carbon dioxide. I.e., carbon dioxide's warming effect is likely so small as to be undetectable.THE MIDDLE EAST IS UNDER RECORD RAINFALL AND FLOODINGClimate change doesn't threaten to "destroy civilization." Misguided responses to it—including those promoted by Pope Francis—do.In reality, the postulate that CO2 is significantly trapping heat is still subject to debate (verifying the theory by measuring trapped heat can’t be done) and there are so many other factors involved in planet-wide warming and cooling that it’s impossible to say with any degree of certainty. For example, atmospheric water vapor (clouds) has a much more profound effect on temperature than CO2. The global circulation models—upon which rests the “proof” that CO2 is causing recent warming is based—don’t account for water vapor. This is one of many reasons the climate models were so inaccurate 6 years ago and why they’re even further off (p.5 graph) as time passes.Climate scientists haven’t been able to explain previous natural warming and cooling periods like the Medieval Warm Period, the Roman Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age, which had global temperature fluctuations that rivaled the current 1° C since the end of the Little Ice Age. In other words, despite the massive collective study of global climate by climate scientists over the past few decades, and the assurance by many vocal climate scientists who are concerned about catastrophic warming, the current temperature rise appears to be mostly—if not completely—within the range of natural variability.Advanced and accurate measurements of density of the growth rings in Northern Scandinavian pine trees have formed the basis for a highly accurate modern reconstruction of temperatures over the past 2,000 years. It shows that today's warm period is colder than the medieval warming, which again was colder than the Roman era. In modern times, there have been some particularly warm years, such as 2004, but they will be much less visible after a mathematical smoothing. Probably there have always been few years with exceptional heat or cold. It also follows from the historical accounts above about particular severe winters.Sea surface temperature in the East China Sea (between Japan, Taiwan and China). It is seen that changes in temperature did not happen simultaneously over the whole Earth. The Roman Warm Period took place also in China, the cold spell of the Peoples migration period was significant, but not very long lasting, instead, it was replaced by the Sui-Tang heating period. The Medieval warm period was not particularly significant in East Asia and nor was the Little Ice Age. But the steadily falling temperature trend has been the same in China as around the Atlantic.Jan Esper and his co-authors to "Variability and extremes of northern Scandinavian - -" conclude that their results "provide evidence of considerable warming during the Roman and Medieval warm period in larger scale and of longer duration than the twentieth century heating period." More specifically they identify the Medieval Warm Period to has taken place around 700 to 1300 AD and identify the warmest 30-year intervals during this period, which occurred from 918 to 947 AD in which period the June, July and August temperatures were about 0.3 degrees hotter than the hottest 30-year interval in the current warm period. Their findings differ from other researchers, who think that the Medieval Heating period began around 950 AD.If for example we have declining temperatures from the past 7000 years then the onus to rebut this cooling and declare a new weather pattern of warming that amounts to ‘climate change’ is high and has not happened since our industrializationThe US has the most accurate weather stations although not enough and they show declining trend in temperature seesawing from hot to cold. Raw data shows a more accurate picture of the temperature decline.Holocene climatic optimum - WikipediaThis graph is taken from Wikipedia. It shows eight different reconstructions of Holocene temperature. The thick black line is the average of these. Time progresses from left to right.On this graph the Stone Age is shown only about one degree warmer than present day, but most sources mention that Scandinavian Stone Age was about 2-3 degrees warmer than the present; this need not to be mutually excluding statements, because the curve reconstructs the entire Earth's temperature, and on higher latitudes the temperature variations were greater than about equator.Some reconstructions show a vertical dramatic increase in temperature around the year 2000, but it seems not reasonable to the author, since that kind of graphs cannot possibly show temperature in specific years, it must necessarily be smoothed by a kind of mathematical rolling average, perhaps with periods of hundred years, and then a high temperature in a single year, for example, 2004 will be much less visible.The trend seems to be that Holocene's highest temperature was reached in the Hunter Stone Age about 8,000 years before present, thereafter the temperature has generally been steadily falling, however, superimposed by many cold and warm periods, including the modern warm period.However, generally speaking, the Holocene represents an amazing stable climate, where the cooling through the period has been limited to a few degrees.History of Earth's ClimateScience NewsWith the long cooling trend there has not been a strong rise in temperatures except with fudged hockey stick data of Michael Mann erasing past statistics to create a false perception of temperature rise.https://www.wolframalpha.com/share/img?i=d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427em6otjnrlk&f=HBQTQYZYGY4TQM3EMI3WENBWGUYDCNBSG4ZDGOBVMJRWMNJSHEYAaaaaWe are in the Holocene interglacial warmer period of our Quaternary Ice Age of the past 2.5 million years. What is happening as to warming is no different and in fact cooler than temperatures of the Medieval Warm period where humans, plants and animals thrived. What is more relevant is the evidence of cooling continues apace raising the real prospect that we are back in the Little Ice Age.[Charles Tips QUORA writer and former Science Editor organized these facts.]“Fact 1: We are in an ice age, the Quaternary to name it, and have been for 2.58 million years. Given that the previous four ice ages lasted for right at 30 my, we likely have more than 27 my to go (the two ice ages that kicked things off were of snowball-Earth proportions and lasted much longer. Ice ages occur every 155 my, and we don’t know why. That’s a much longer cycle than Milankovitch cycles can account for. Those tell us things like why North Africa has been a desert for 5 ky when before that it was a populated savanna.“Fact 2: We are in an interglacial, the Holocene epoch to give it its name, a respite from glaciation. During an ice age, interglacials occur at 90 to 125 ky intervals and last approximately 7 to 14 ky. The Holocene is 11.7 ky old, but there is new evidence that the Allerød oscillation 13.9 ky ago was the actual start with a meteor strike 1 ky in producing the Younger Dryas cooling.* If we are actually, 13.9 ky into our interglacial, then natural cycles tell us we will be rapidly descending back into glaciation in 5… 4… 3…“The combination of glacials and interglacials looks like this:THE sun continues to be very quiet and it has been without sunspots this year 62% of the time as we approach what is likely to be one of the deepest solar minimums in a long, long time.Daily observations of the number of sunspots since 1 January 1977 according to Solar Influences Data Analysis CenterNew research shows fear of global warming is bad science.Marine species evolved, thrived, and diversified in 35 to 40°C ocean temperatures and CO2 concentrations “5-10x higher than present-day values” (Voosen, 2019 and Henkes et al., 2018).(Voosen, 2019 and Henkes et al., 2018).FROM SHORT MINI ICE AGE TO LONG ICE AGE GLACIATION Global warming peaked in 1988 and slowly ending the Interglacial Warm Holidays to begin the short Mini Ice Age affecting all spectrum. After a return to short warming period, we expect a U-turn to long sleep of Ice Age Glaciation. It happened many times in the past, each time resetting Human evolution. During this shortcoming Ice Age, there won't be enough space to grow food and for comfort living, except between the two 33° latitudes north and south of the equator which is not enough lands, and there won't be enough cheap and fresh drinking water neither for mass survivals. Our SEAWAPA project is to harvest fresh drinking water from the 7 month monsoons and rains, the melting ice from Tibet and from the most abundant tropical cyclones region in the world on top of Lao mountain range, transfer it below via gravity by producing electricity, food, and goods, at the same time, distribute them to far-flung floating agricultural modules, to newly built megacities, and to industrial complex across the equator, between the tropical cyclones zone, connecting them to other continents, avoiding post ice age big melt danger. Once done, we can tap into the Primary Water Cycle for larger scale space programs, build Hyperloop transport system for universal distribution of drinking water, food, goods, electricity and heat, all year round. The heat and coldness redistribution across the world will minimize risks caused by Ice Age and post-Ice Age. Asteroids mining and universal commodity dispersion will allow humanity to progress beyond "Sustainability", and to solve other risks. http://SEAWAPA.orgcarmen rouppit has all happened before and it will happen again -flooding, freezing, warming thawing ,flooding, and on and on . it is nothing new.THIS GRAPH SHOWS CURRENT WARMING IS NATURAL AND NOT UNPRECEDENTEDTHE EVIDENCE IS CLEAR YET DENIED BY ALARMIST THAT IN THE SIXTIES TEMPERATURES FELL FAR CAUSING FEAR OF A NEW LTTLE ICE AGE.SCIENTISTS AGREE WORLD IS COLDER – But Climate Experts Meeting Here Fail to Agree on Reasons for Change – View Article – NYTimes.comRUSSIA BREAKS MORE ALL-TIME LOW TEMPERATURE RECORDS, INCLUDING ONE FROM 1893JULY 19, 2019 CAP ALLONOn the back of Russia’s horde of new record low temperatures set on July 12, a bucket-load more were set over the following few days, busting records that had previously stood for well over 100 years.The mercury across the majority of Europe has remained well-below average during the month of July as a string of Arctic blasts continue to delay the start of the continent’s summer. Large regions are seeing temperature departures of up to 20C below average, sending all-time cold records tumbling.So far this month, we’ve reported on the new all-time low temperature records set in Germany, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Poland, the Netherlands, as well as the Nordic Nations.And now Russia has 7 more daily records to add to the ever-expanding list (data courtesy of www.hmn.ru):·Sortavala recorded 3.8C (38.8F) — busting the previous record of 4.2C (39.6F) set in 1971.·Vytegra’s 0C (32F) beat the previous record of 1.5C (34.7F) from way back in 1893.·Vyborg observed 6.7C (44F) surpassing the 7C (44.6F) set in 1978 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·Roslavl’s 7C (44.6F) beat out the 7.9C (46.2F) from 1935 (solar minimum of cycle 15).·Cherepovets‘ 4.1C (39.4F) busted the 4.8C (40.6F) set in 1995 (solar minimum of cycle 22)·Rybinsk registered 7.2C (45F) smashing the previous record low of 9.9C (49.8F) from 1977 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·While Kostroma’s 5.7C (42.3F) beat 1948’s record of 6.9C (44.4F).In addition, hmn.ru points out that “in the Vologda region, during the whole of July, the temperature never even approached the norm, and its negative anomaly on some days was 6-7C.”GFS TEMP ANOMALIES for JULY 16The Mainstream Media remains silent.Their bias clearer than ever.Regardless though, the cold times are returning, in line with historically low solar output:The time to prepare is now.Grand Solar Minimum + Pole ShiftRUSSIA BREAKS MORE ALL-TIME LOW TEMPERATURE RECORDS, INCLUDING ONE FROM 1893JULY 19, 2019 CAP ALLONOn the back of Russia’s horde of new record low temperatures set on July 12, a bucket-load more were set over the following few days, busting records that had previously stood for well over 100 years.The mercury across the majority of Europe has remained well-below average during the month of July as a string of Arctic blasts continue to delay the start of the continent’s summer. Large regions are seeing temperature departures of up to 20C below average, sending all-time cold records tumbling.So far this month, we’ve reported on the new all-time low temperature records set in Germany, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Poland, the Netherlands, as well as the Nordic Nations.And now Russia has 7 more daily records to add to the ever-expanding list (data courtesy of www.hmn.ru):·Sortavala recorded 3.8C (38.8F) — busting the previous record of 4.2C (39.6F) set in 1971.·Vytegra’s 0C (32F) beat the previous record of 1.5C (34.7F) from way back in 1893.·Vyborg observed 6.7C (44F) surpassing the 7C (44.6F) set in 1978 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·Roslavl’s 7C (44.6F) beat out the 7.9C (46.2F) from 1935 (solar minimum of cycle 15).·Cherepovets‘ 4.1C (39.4F) busted the 4.8C (40.6F) set in 1995 (solar minimum of cycle 22)·Rybinsk registered 7.2C (45F) smashing the previous record low of 9.9C (49.8F) from 1977 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·While Kostroma’s 5.7C (42.3F) beat 1948’s record of 6.9C (44.4F).In addition, hmn.ru points out that “in the Vologda region, during the whole of July, the temperature never even approached the norm, and its negative anomaly on some days was 6-7C.”NEW NASA STUDY FINDS KEY MELTING GREENLAND GLACIER, ONCE THE POSTER BOY FOR GLOBAL WARMING, IS NOW GROWING AGAINMARCH 26, 2019 CAP ALLONA major Greenland glacier, once one of the fastest shrinking ice/snow masses on Earth, is growing again, a new NASA study published in Nature Geoscience finds.Jakobshavn Isbrae was the single largest source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet over the last 20 years. In 2012, the glacier was retreating 1.8 miles (3 km) and thinning almost 130 feet (40 m) annually, and was used in literally hundreds of MSM articles as the poster boy for an AGW apocalypse.But how times have changed.The study’s authors, using airborne altimetry and satellite imagery, have discovered that since 2016, Jakobshavn has in fact been “re-advancing, slowing and thickening”.A map of Greenland showing the location of Jakobshavn and Disko Bay (orange box) and major ocean currents.Ala Khazendar, the study’s lead author, names a natural cyclical cooling of North Atlantic waters as the likely cause of the glacier reversing course — a flip of the North Atlantic Oscillation.New NASA Study Finds Key Melting Greenland Glacier, Once the Poster Boy for Global Warming, is now Growing Again - ElectroverseGFS TEMP ANOMALIES for JULY 16A NEW TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION FROM CENTRAL ASIA SHOWS 432 YEARS OF NO WARMING, RECENT COOLING BY KENNETH RICHARD ON 2. MAY 20194 MAI 2019 ALAIN PRÉATTree-ring evidence reveals recent cooling and glacier thickening in Central Asia as well as flat temperatures throughout the last 432 years.Tree rings were the proxy used by Dr. Michael Mann to invent the orignal hockey stick graph.Twenty years later, yet another reconstruction (1580 to 2012 AD) indicates modern warmth in Central Asia is not unusual in the context of the last 432 years.In fact, there was a recent cooling period, in line with natural variability, that was accompanied by regional glacier mass gains.The following two days may have been among the worst of the entire retreat. When Napoleon reached Pleshchenitse on 30 November, a temperature of -30oC was recorded be Dr. Louis Lagneau (Zamoyski 2005). Frostbite was widespread among the tired and hungry soldiers. Selfishness reached new heights. Now that Napoleon had managed to get beyond his reach, Kutuzov felt even less inclined to force the pursuit than before. Also his army was in a terrible condition. His main force, which has marched out of Tarutino 97,000 strong one month before, was now reduced to 27,000 men due to the cold, according to his own figures (Zamoyski 2005).Retreat of the French army in western Russia, mid- and late November 1812. Oil paintings by Vereschagin.On the evening of 5 December, at Smorgonie, Napoleon decided that it was time for him to go back to Paris, and take control from there. He called together his marshals and apparently apologised for his mistake of having remained in Moscow for too long. He then set off into the night. The Imperial Mameluke, Roustam, later reported that the wine in Napoleon's carriage froze that night, causing the bottles to shatter. On 6 December the temperature fell even more, reaching -37.5oC according to Dr. Louis Lagneau.The encampment suffered greatly due to winter weather, disease, and short rations.A village of southeast Pennsylvania on the Schuylkill River northwest of Philadelphia. It was the site of the headquarters of the Continental Army under George Washington from December 1777 to June 1778 during the American Revolution.Monday, 01 October 2018NASA Sees Climate Cooling Trend Thanks to Low Sun ActivityWritten by James MurphyThe climate alarmists just can’t catch a break. NASA is reporting that the sun is entering one of the deepest Solar Minima of the Space Age; and Earth’s atmosphere is responding in kind.So, start pumping out that CO2, everyone. We’re going to need all the greenhouse gases we can get.“We see a cooling trend,” said Martin Mlynczak of NASA’s Langley Research Center. “High above Earth’s surface, near the edge of space, our atmosphere is losing heat energy. If current trends continue, it could soon set a Space Age record for cold.”The new data is coming from NASA’s Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry or SABER instrument, which is onboard the space agency’s Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. SABER monitors infrared radiation from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO), two substances that play a vital role in the energy output of our thermosphere, the very top level of our atmosphere.“The thermosphere always cools off during Solar Minimum. It’s one of the most important ways the solar cycle affects our planet,” said Mlynczak, who is the associate principal investigator for SABER.Who knew that that big yellow ball of light in the sky had such a big influence on our climate?There’s a bit of good news in all of this. When the thermosphere cools, it literally shrinks, therefore reducing aerodynamic drag on satellites in low Earth orbit. In effect, the shrinking thermosphere increases a satellite’s lifetime.But that appears to be where the good news ends, unless you prefer cold weather and increased space junk. “The bad news,” according to Dr. Tony Phillips, editor of SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids, is: “It also delays the natural decay of space junk, resulting in a more cluttered environment around Earth.”Mlynczak and his colleagues have created the Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI), which measures how much NO is dumped from the Thermosphere into outer space. During Solar Maximum the TCI number is very high. At times of Solar Minimum, TCI is low.“Right now, (TCI) is very low indeed,” said Mlynczak. “SABER is currently measuring 33 billion Watts of infrared power from NO. That’s ten times smaller than we see during more active phases of the solar cycle."SABER has been in orbit for only 17 years, but Mlynczak and the scientists at NASA’s Langley Research Center have been able to recreate TCI measurements back to the 1940s. “SABER taught us how to do this by revealing how TCI depends on other variables such as geomagnetic activity and the sun’s UV output — things that have been measured for decades,” said Mlynczak.In fact, TCI numbers now, in the closing months of 2018, are very close to setting record lows since measurements began. “We’re not quite there yet,” Mlynczak reports. “but it could happen in a matter of months.”The new NASA findings are in line with studies released by UC-San Diego and Northumbria University in Great Britain last year, both of which predict a Grand Solar Minimum in coming decades due to low sunspot activity. Both studies predicted sun activity similar to the Maunder Minimum of the mid-17th to early 18th centuries, which coincided to a time known as the Little Ice Age, during which temperatures were much lower than those of today.If all of this seems as if NASA is contradicting itself, you’re right — sort of. After all, NASA also reported last week that Arctic sea ice was at its sixth lowest level since measuring began. Isn’t that a sure sign of global warming?All any of this “proves” is that we have, at best, a cursory understanding of Earth’s incredibly complex climate system. So when mainstream media and carbon-credit salesman Al Gore breathlessly warn you that we must do something about climate change, it’s all right to step back, take a deep breath, and realize that we don’t have the knowledge, skill or resources to have much effect on the Earth’s climate. God — and that big yellow ball of light in the sky — have much more impact on our climate than we ever could.James Matkin • 6 months agoThe earth is actually cooling and NASA grudgingly begins to admit reality over the fiction of failed computer modelling by the iPCC. So much waste and damage from the futile attempt to reduce our Co2 emissions for a colder climate. The climate alarmists have ignored solar natural variability not because of the science but because of their left wing economic agenda. They have ignored leading science papers like the 400 page study THE NEGLECTED SUN Why the Sun Precludes Climate Catastrophe, by Professor Fritz Vahreholt and Dr. Sebastian Luning. This study demonstrates that "the critical cause of global temperature change has been, and continues to be, the sun's activity." As NASA admits the sun is in a cooling phase and the solar cycles make impossible "the catastrophic prospects put forward by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the alarmist agenda dominant in contemporary Western politics."https://www.thenewamerican.com/tech/environment/item/30214-nasa-sees-climate-cooling-trend-thanks-to-low-sun-activityDon’t Tell Anyone, But We Just Had Two Years Of Record-Breaking Global CoolingInconvenient Science: NASA data show that global temperatures dropped sharply over the past two years. Not that you’d know it, since that wasn’t deemed news. Does that make NASA a global warming denier?Writing in Real Clear Markets, Aaron Brown looked at the official NASA global temperature data and noticed something surprising. From February 2016 to February 2018, “global average temperatures dropped by 0.56 degrees Celsius.” That, he notes, is the biggest two-year drop in the past century.“The 2016-2018 Big Chill,” he writes, “was composed of two Little Chills, the biggest five-month drop ever (February to June 2016) and the fourth biggest (February to June 2017). A similar event from February to June 2018 would bring global average temperatures below the 1980s average.”Isn’t this just the sort of man-bites-dog story that the mainstream media always says is newsworthy? In this case, it didn’t warrant any news coverage*WINTERS ARE LONGER, COLDER WITH MUCH MORE SNOWWINTER COMES EARLY DOWN UNDER: EARLIEST RECORDED SNOWFALL IN WESTERN AUSTRALIADate: 20/04/19ABC NewsIt is the earliest recorded snow event in the state’s history.Western Australia’s south-west received an unexpected surprise on Good Friday, with snowfall on Bluff Knoll in the Stirling Ranges.A flurry was recorded on the peak, the highest point in the Stirling Ranges, about 100 kilometres north of Albany, after 2:00pm on Friday.It is the earliest recorded snow eventin a calendar year in the state’s history.The last recorded fall before this time was April 20, 1970, according to Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) records.Dozens of hikers made the trek up the 1099-metre tall Bluff Knoll on Friday, which generally records light snow a couple of times each winter but rarely in April.Winter comes early down under: Earliest recorded snowfall in Western Australia - The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF)Snow accumulation data shows massive increase.Svensmark: “Global Warming Stopped And A Cooling Is Beginning” – “Enjoy Global Warming While It Lasts”Published on June 1, 2016Written by Henrik SvensmarkThe star that keeps us alive has, over the last few years, been almost free of sunspots, which are the usual signs of the Sun’s magnetic activity. Last week [4 September 2009] the scientific team behind the satellite SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) reported, “It is likely that the current year’s number of blank days will be the longest in about 100 years.” Everything indicates that the Sun is going into some kind of hibernation, and the obvious question is what significance that has for us on Earth.If you ask the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which represents the current consensus on climate change, the answer is a reassuring “nothing”. But history and recent research suggest that is probably completely wrong. Why? Let’s take a closer look.Solar activity has always varied. Around the year 1000, we had a period of very high solar activity, which coincided with the Medieval Warm Period. It was a time when frosts in May were almost unknown – a matter of great importance for a good harvest. Vikings settled in Greenland and explored the coast of North America. On the whole it was a good time. For example, China’s population doubled in this period.But after about 1300 solar activity declined and the world began to get colder. It was the beginning of the episode we now call the Little Ice Age. In this cold time, all the Viking settlements in Greenland disappeared. Sweden surprised Denmark by marching across the ice, and in London the Thames froze repeatedly. But more serious were the long periods of crop failures, which resulted in poorly nourished populations, reduced in Europe by about 30 per cent because of disease and hunger.It’s important to realise that the Little Ice Age was a global event. It ended in the late 19th Century and was followed by increasing solar activity. Over the past 50 years solar activity has been at its highest since the medieval warmth of 1000 years ago. But now it appears that the Sun has changed again and is returning towards what solar scientists call a “grand minimum” such as we saw in the Little Ice Age.The match between solar activity and climate through the ages is sometimes explained away as coincidence. Yet it turns out that, almost no matter when you look and not just in the last 1000 years, there is a link. Solar activity has repeatedly fluctuated between high and low during the past 10,000 years. In fact the Sun spent about 17 per cent of those 10,000 years in a sleeping mode, with a cooling Earth the result.You may wonder why the international climate panel IPCC does not believe that the Sun’s changing activity affects the climate. The reason is that it considers only changes in solar radiation. That would be the simplest way for the Sun to change the climate – a bit like turning up and down the brightness of a light bulb.Satellite measurements have shown that the variations of solar radiation are too small to explain climate change. But the panel has closed its eyes to another, much more powerful way for the Sun to affect Earth’s climate. In 1996 we discovered a surprising influence of the Sun – its impact on Earth’s cloud cover. High-energy accelerated particles coming from exploded stars, the cosmic rays, help to form clouds.When the Sun is active, its magnetic field is better at shielding us against the cosmic rays coming from outer space, before they reach our planet. By regulating the Earth’s cloud cover, the Sun can turn the temperature up and down. High solar activity means fewer clouds and and a warmer world. Low solar activity and poorer shielding against cosmic rays result in increased cloud cover and hence a cooling. As the Sun’s magnetism doubled in strength during the 20th century, this natural mechanism may be responsible for a large part of global warming seen then.That also explains why most climate scientists try to ignore this possibility. It does not favour their idea that the 20th century temperature rise was mainly due to human emissions of CO2. If the Sun provoked a significant part of warming in the 20th Century, then the contribution by CO2 must necessarily be smaller.Ever since we put forward our theory in 1996, it has been subjected to very sharp criticism, which is normal in science.First it was said that a link between clouds and solar activity could not be correct, because no physical mechanism was known. But in 2006, after many years of work, we completed experiments at DTU Space that demonstrated the existence of a physical mechanism. The cosmic rays help to form aerosols, which are the seeds for cloud formation.Then came the criticism that the mechanism we found in the laboratory could not work in the real atmosphere, and therefore had no practical significance. We have just rejected that criticism emphatically.It turns out that the Sun itself performs what might be called natural experiments. Giant solar eruptions can cause the cosmic ray intensity on earth to dive suddenly over a few days. In the days following an eruption, cloud cover can fall by about 4 per cent. And the amount of liquid water in cloud droplets is reduced by almost 7 per cent. Here is a very large effect – indeed so great that in popular terms the Earth’s clouds originate in space.So we have watched the Sun’s magnetic activity with increasing concern, since it began to wane in the mid-1990s.That the Sun might now fall asleep in a deep minimum was suggested by solar scientists at a meeting in Kiruna in Sweden two years ago. So when Nigel Calder and I updated our book The Chilling Stars, we wrote a little provocatively that “we are advising our friends to enjoy global warming while it lasts.”In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning. Mojib Latif from the University of Kiel argued at the recent UN World Climate Conference in Geneva that the cooling may continue through the next 10 to 20 years. His explanation was a natural change in the North Atlantic circulation, not in solar activity. But no matter how you interpret them, natural variations in climate are making a comeback.The outcome may be that the Sun itself will demonstrate its importance for climate and so challenge the theories of global warming. No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the contrary. And this means that the projections of future climate are unreliable. A forecast saying it may be either warmer or colder for 50 years is not very useful, and science is not yet able to predict solar activity.So in many ways we stand at a crossroads. The near future will be extremely interesting. I think it is important to accept that Nature pays no heed to what we humans think about it. Will the greenhouse theory survive a significant cooling of the Earth? Not in its current dominant form. Unfortunately, tomorrow’s climate challenges will be quite different from the greenhouse theory’s predictions. Perhaps it will become fashionable again to investigate the Sun’s impact on our climate.https://principia-scientific.org/svensmark-global-warming-stopped-and-a-cooling-is-beginning-enjoy-global-warming-while-it-lasts/FLOODING BRINGS FEARS OF THE RETURN OF THE LITTLE ICE AGEAfter the drought the climate became colder and shifted to record rain and flooding.CURRENT ENDLESS RAIN AND FLOODINGHistoric, deadly Midwest floods are worst 'anybody has ever experienced' in some areasDoyle Rice, USA TODAYPublished 2:47 p.m. ET March 15, 2019 | Updated 10:38 p.m. ET March 15, 2019Extreme weather is pummeling the Midwest, and farmers are in deep troubleFor the past five years, the 18 states that produce the majority of the United States’ corn crop had an average of 90 percent of their fields planted by the end of May, according to data released Tuesday by the Agriculture Department. At the same point this year, 58 percent of the corn crop is in the ground. The outlook for soybeans is just as dismal, with 29 percent in the ground compared with 66 percent in years past.In individual states, the gap is even more severe. Just 22 percent of the corn crop had been planted as of May 26 in Culp’s home state of Indiana. Soybeans stood at 11 percent.Pools of water sit in rain-soaked farm fields on May 29 near Gardner, Ill. Near-record rainfall in the state has caused farmers to delay their spring corn planting. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)“Week after week, farmers haven’t been able to get out in the fields to plant corn and soybeans,” said John Newton, chief economist at the American Farm Bureau Federation, noting that this was the worst planting day on record since the USDA began tracking such data in the 1980s. “The frequency of these disasters, I can’t say we’ve experienced anything like this since I’ve been working in agriculture.”https://www.washingtonpost.com/w...Epic And Massive Flooding In Europe During The Little Ice AgePublished on June 24, 2016Written by http://iceagenow.orgKilled more than 500,000 people.1607 Flood In Bristol Channel A Uk Tsunami 1607Andrew McKillop has a new article posted at The Market Oracle. Here are some excerpts.This is the global cooling fearIntense flooding in the low countries of Europe became “darkly repetitive” during the Little Ice Age, writes McKillop. The cooling period lasted 450 years,For the Dutch, the Grote Mandrenke is nothing to do with Linux software, but means “The Great Drowning” and is named for the epic and massive flooding that occurred, more and more frequently in the Low Countries of Europe’s North Sea region as Europe’s Little Ice Age intensified.Grote Mandrenke flood killed at least 100 000Normal or predictable spring and autumn flooding was increasingly replaced by large-area and intense flooding, sometimes outside spring and autumn from about 1300, in recurring crises which lasted into the 18th century. In the Low Countries and across Europe, but also elsewhere, the cooling trend starting in the late 13th century became more intense. It brought long cold winters, heavy storms and floods, loss of coastal farmlands, and huge summer sandstorms in coastal areas further damaging agriculture. Climate historians estimate that major flooding on an unpredictable but increasingly frequent basis started as early as 1250. Extreme events like the Grote Mandrenke flood of 1362 which killed at least 100 000 people became darkly repetitive.Other giant floods probably killed 400 000Other giant floods in the region through the next 200 years probably killed a total of 400 000 persons in the coastlands of what is now Belgium, Germany and Holland. At the time, Europe’s population was at most a quarter of today’s, meaning that corrected for population size these were really catastrophic disasters. During this time, the Zuider Zee region of northern Holland was inundated and its former farmlands disappeared under water – for several centuries.Crop failures and faminesThe basic reasons was that the weather was getting colder, as well as more unpredictable. As the climate cooled, it also became wetter. Combined with the cold, this caused more crop failures and famines spread as the northern limit of farming retreated south. The start of the cooling – called Europe’s Little Ice Age by glaciologist Francois Matthes in 1939 – in the 13th century was in fact the start of a long, sometimes steep dip in temperatures that held sway on an unpredictable, on-and-off basis until at least the first decade of the 19th century. Overall, the cooling lasted about 450 years.Preceded by more than two centuries of much warmer more predictable weatherMaking things worse, the cooling had been preceded by more than two centuries of much warmer and better, more predictable weather. Farming moved northwards, seasons were predictable, food supplies had expanded. Europe’s population also grew, in some regions tripling in 200 years. The colonization of Greenland, which failed when the cooling intensified, was a well-known historical spinoff from the previous warming, but by the 16th century there was no trace of Europeans in Greenland. Only ruins of their farms and homes could be found, but with few or no tombstones dated beyond the early 15th century, leading to the theory that these early “Climate Refugees” packed their longboats and sailed south, to what is now the New England coast. Where they became easy prey for American Indian tribes along those coasts.And as more evidence shows that the Medieval Warm Period was no isolated event in Europe but was a global phenomenon, McKillop’s analysis takes on more immediate relevance:The climate historian Hubert H. Lamb in his 2002 book ‘Climate History and the Modern World’ dates the cooling to two main phases. The first leg of this change he places at about 1200-1400, but his second phase of about 1500-1825 which for some climate historians is Europe’s Little Ice Age, was marked by much steeper drops in average temperatures. Indicators used by Lamb and other climate historians like Emmanuel Leroy Ladrie and Wolfgang Behringer include food price peaks as cold summers followed cold and wet springs, with increasing examples of “climate wars”, such as Louis X’s Flanders campaign where the climate chilling was a sure factor in play.I fear that we’re headed into such a period of great cooling and repetitive catastrophic flooding right now.This while our leaders prattle on about global warming, leaving us almost totally unprepared.Andrew McKillop is former chief policy analyst, Division A Policy, DG XVII Energy, European Commission, and co-author of ‘The Doomsday Machine’, Palgrave Macmillan USA, 2012McKillop has more than 30 years experience in the energy, economic and finance domains. Trained at London UK’s University College, he has had specially long experience of energy policy, project administration and the development and financing of alternate energy. This included his role of in-house Expert on Policy and Programming at the DG XVII-Energy of the European Commission, Director of Information of the OAPEC technology transfer subsidiary, AREC and researcher for UN agencies including the ILO.Epic and massive flooding in Europe during the Little Ice Age | PSI IntlAt least 86 dead after floods and rains wreak havoc across Middle East and AsiaHeavy rains and melting snow combine to wreak havoc in Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, and SyriaBorzou DaragahiInternational Correspondent @borzouMonday 1 April 2019 15:04The IndependentFloods and heavy rains across four countries have left at least 86 people dead, displaced tens of thousands, and added fresh misery to people in impoverished rural areas long suffering from drought.Unusually heavy rains mixed with melting mountain snows and struck parched lands unable to absorb water with disastrous results in Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria.Some 400 villages and towns across 15 Iranian provinces have been flooded following weeks of torrential downpours, said Iran’s interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani-Fazli on Monday, as more rains were predicted for the next two days.At least 44 people have been killed in heavy rains and flooding that have battered Iran, with tens of thousands of families displaced.Flooding of Europe continuesFlooding spread further through east Germany today, leaving emergency crews scrounging for sandbags to shore up crumbling dikes as the country faced its biggest relief effort since World War II.In Hungary, the Danube River peaked at a historic high in Budapest without causing major flooding after relief workers spent a frantic night bolstering dikes. The capital's high flood walls, built at the turn of the last century, held off the floodwater in the city center, though one barrier gave way in a northern suburb.The Czech Republic, facing a staggering cleanup bill after nearly two weeks of devastating flooding, said it is reconsidering plans to buy 24 new air force fighter jets. Heavy flood damage "has changed priorities for everyone," Defence Ministry spokesman Milan Repka said in Prague.Europe is wrestling with the aftermath of violent storms that swept the continent two weeks ago. German authorities reported three more deaths, bringing the Europewide toll to at least 109.Floodwaters have ebbed in Austria and the Czech Republic and also were falling in Dresden, the biggest German city hit so far, allowing the start of a massive cleanup and rebuilding operation expected to cost some 20 billion euros Europewide.Weather forecasts for Germany and central Europe called for generally dry weather in the next few days, though rain was forecast for western Hungary.Under sunny summer skies today, thousands of emergency workers, soldiers and volunteers still worked nonstop to pile tons of sandbags onto sodden dikes along Germany's Elbe and Mulde rivers to protect towns along the way.A government relief agency, the Technical Aid Service, said that sand bags were "in short supply" and that Denmark had shipped 650,000 to Germany to help. Italy, France, the Netherlands and other countries have also offered to help, the agency said.Sweeping north toward the North Sea from the hills on the Czech border after record rainfall, high water flooded part of Dessau, a city best known for its Bauhaus modern architecture school.The two rivers converge there, and military helicopters dumped sand on the dikes to strengthen them.Upriver, the Elbe forced workers to retreat after bursting its banks in seven places Sunday near Wittenberg, the town where Martin Luther launched the Reformation in 1517. But officials said the old town was not under immediate threat.Rescuers used boats on ropes to pull people trapped in their homes to safety and scoured outlying villages in the darkness to evacuate stragglers.More than 80,000 people have been evacuated across the region.In Dresden, where expensively restored monuments such as the Semper Opera and Zwinger Palace museum were partly flooded, officials said some residents may be allowed to return home.Further north, the city of Magdeburg began to move people out as the Elbe's crest surged toward the North Sea. The river is expected to threaten there in the next few days.In Budapest, 10-metre high flood ramparts in the center of town kept the Danube at bay. The river peaked at a level of 8.49 metres early today, a touch over the previous record set in 1965, then began falling, said Tibor Dobson, a spokesman for Hungary's national disaster relief office."Our main concern now is to ensure that waste from the city's sewers does not cause any problems or enter the water supply," Dobson said.Most evacuated towns in Hungary lie north of Budapest. A few areas in the southern part of the capital also were evacuated - areas where the flood walls don't rise as high as in the city center.The government postponed an annual fireworks ceremony scheduled for Aug. 20, or St. Stephen's Day, which commemorates the king who founded Hungary 1,000 years ago."It would be unbecoming to celebrate with fireworks in a situation where tens of thousands are working on the dams," Prime Minister Peter Medgyessy said after the meeting.Szodliget, a village 30 kilometres north of Budapest, road posts barely stuck out above the muddy floodwater. But resident Janos Koros, 43, was counting his blessings."On the whole, I think we have gotten off pretty lightly," he said. "Compared with what I've seen of Prague and Dresden on television, this is just a tiny rain drop."Flooding of Europe continuesMay 22, 2019Flooding, thunderstorms to threaten millions across central and eastern Europe into midweekBy Eric Leister, AccuWeather senior meteorologistNEXT UPHail, hail as far as the eye can seeA slow-moving storm system brought deadly flooding to Germany and more dangerous weather is possible across central and eastern Europe through Wednesday.Torrential downpours brought widespread rainfall of 50-100 mm (2-4 inches) to southern Germany from Monday into early Tuesday.The heavy rainfall triggered flooding and dangerous driving conditions which claimed the life of a motorist that skidded off a roadway in Bavaria.Several roadways were closed due to flooding throughout southern Germany from Monday into Tuesday.As the storm spins over Poland, the heaviest rainfall will shift from Germany into western Poland into Wednesday. Rainfall will taper off during the day across southern and eastern Germany."Some roadways may be closed due to flooding," said AccuWeather Meteorologist Tyler Roys. "When you see a flooded roadway, always turn around."Farther east, thunderstorms will be a threat from eastern Poland and the Baltic states to the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine on Wednesday.https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/flooding-thunderstorms-to-threaten-millions-across-central-and-eastern-europe-into-midweek/70008318Cars make their way through a flooded road near Marquartstein, Germany, Tuesday, May 21, 2019. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)A few locations from Ukraine to the Baltic states will endure severe thunderstorms Wednesday afternoon and evening.These storms will be capable of producing blinding downpours, localized flash flooding and damaging winds."There will also be a risk for thunderstorms capable of producing damaging hail in Poland on Wednesday," added Roys.UK Floods, Worst Flooding Since 2007, Extreme Weather Global Weirding?Politics / Environmental IssuesNov 25, 2012 - 05:58 AM GMTBy: Nadeem_WalayatUK weather forecast: Met Office issues flood warnings as heavy thunderstorms lash BritainLincolnshire has already seen around 225 Olympic-sized swimming pools’ worth of water pumped out to sea following severe flooding last weekCorazon Miller @c0ra_z0nWednesday 19 June 2019 08:58Click to followThe IndependentRain, hail and lighting is expected to hit already-flooded parts of the UK bringing a renewed risk of floods, power cuts and travel disruptions.Tuesday saw torrential rain and thunderstorms lash the country – with the worst hit areas in the southeast suffering power cuts and severe flooding.Today, the Met Office has issued a yellow weather warning, with thunderstorms forecast to linger until later this evening around many of the same areas.The flood-hit community of Wainfleet in Lincolnshire is within the Met Office’s warning area, but forecasters are optimistic the town will escape the worst of today’s storms.Meteorologist Alex Burkill said: “A few showers are possible there, but it doesn’t look like it’s going to bear the brunt of the heavy downpours.”00:03 / 00:30UK weather: Flooding after month's worth of rainfall in 24 hoursShow all 13The town has already seen around 225 Olympic-sized swimming pools’ worth of water pumped out to sea following severe flooding last week.Around 350 tonnes of sand and ballast were dropped in the area by RAF Chinook helicopters over the weekend.A garden submerged by floodwater in Wainfleet, where streets and properties flooded after the town had more than two months of rain in just two days (PA)On Tuesday, Lincolnshire Police said almost 600 homes remained evacuated as the clean-up operation continued.Watch moreNew flood threat to Wainfleet following hundreds of evacuationsHomes were left without power and roads were flooded in parts of the southeast, while Lenham in Kent saw 42mm of rain in the space of just one hour.The Met Office said the deluge in the village, which lies between Maidstone and Ashford, came between 11pm on Tuesday and midnight.Images and video on social media captured spectacular lightning in the skies over the region, while Kent Police’s Roads Policing Unit tweeted that the lightning was “very active”.Eastbourne in East Sussex is said to have seen about 1,000 lightning strikes in an hour.Rescue workers in Wainfleet after the River Steeping breached its banks (PA)Other parts of the country will see a much brighter day on Wednesday, with sunshine expected in Scotland and Northern Ireland.The rest of England and Wales could see a damp start, before things brighten up later in the day.The weekend is also set to bring some respite from the recent downpours, with temperatures rising to as high as 23C (73F).Additional reporting by Press AssociationClimate change hoax COLLAPSES as new science finds human activity has virtually zero impact on global temperatures07/12/2019 / By Mike AdamsThe climate change hoax has collapsed. A devastating series of research papers has just been published, revealing that human activity can account for no more than a .01°C rise in global temperatures, meaning that all the human activity targeted by radical climate change alarmists — combustion engines, airplane flights, diesel tractors — has virtually no measurable impact on the temperature of the planet.Finnish scientists spearheaded the research, releasing a paper entitled, “No Experimental Evidence for the Significant Anthropogenic Climate Change.”The paper explains that IPCC analysis of global temperatures suffers from a glaring error — namely, failure to account for “influences of low cloud cover” and how it impacts global temperatures. Natural variations in low cloud cover, which are strongly influenced by cosmic radiation’s ability to penetrate Earth’s atmosphere due to variations in the strength of our planet’s magnetosphere, account for nearly all changes in global temperature, the researchers explain.As this chart reveals, more cloud cover is inversely related to temperature. In other words, clouds shield the surface of the Earth from the sun, providing shade cover cooling, while a lack of clouds results in more warming:Cloud cover accounts for the real changes in global temperaturesThis is further supported by researchers at Kobe University in Japan who published a nearly simultaneous paper that reveals how changes in our planet’s magnetic field govern the intensity of solar radiation that reaches the lower atmosphere, causing cloud formation that alters global temperatures.That study, published in Nature, is called, “Intensified East Asian winter monsoon during the last geomagnetic reversal transition.” It states:Records of suborbital-scale climate variation during the last glacial and Holocene periods can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of rapid climate changes… At least one event was associated with a decrease in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. Thus, climate records from the MIS 19 interglacial can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of a variety of climate changes, including testing the effect of changes in geomagnetic dipole field strength on climate through galactic cosmic ray (GCR)-induced cloud formation…In effect, cosmic rays which are normally deflected via the magnetosphere are, in times of weak or changing magnetic fields emanating from Earth itself, able to penetrate further into Earth’s atmosphere, causing the formation of low-level clouds which cover the land in a kind of “umbrella effect” that shades the land from the sun, allowing cooling to take place. But a lack of clouds makes the surface hotter, as would be expected. This natural phenomenon is now documented to be the primary driver of global temperatures and climate, not human activity.Climate change hoax COLLAPSES as new science finds human activity has virtually zero impact on global temperaturesNB GREENHOUSE GASES ARE NOT MAKING THE CLIMATE HOTTER AS THE THEORY IS FALSE. MANY STUDIES DEMOLISH THE RADICAL GHG HYPOTHESIS.The Refutation of the Climate Greenhouse Theory and a Proposal for a Hopeful AlternativeThomas Allmendinger*Glattbrugg/Zürich, Switzerland*Corresponding author: Thomas Allmendinger, CH-8152 Glattbrugg/Zürich, Switzerland, Tel: +41 44 810 17 33; E mail: [email protected] March 14, 2017; Accepted April 12, 2017; Published April 18, 2017 Citation: Thomas Allmendinger (2017) The Refutation of the Climate GreenhouseTheory and a Proposal for a Hopeful Alternative. Environment Pollution Climate Change 1: 123.‘Environment Pollution and Climate Change’ is an international, open access research journal that convers several problems, associated risks, remediation methods and techniques pertaining to air, water, soil, noise, thermal, radioactive and light pollutions and climate change. This peer reviewed journal reports original and novel research observations in regard to environmental pollution and climate change thereby contributing to the new knowledge addition in the field.AbstractIn view of the global acceptance and the political relevance of the climate greenhouse theory–or rather philosophy- it appeared necessary to deliver a synoptic presentation enabling a detailed exemplary refutation. It focuses the foundations of the theory assuming that a theory cannot be correct when its foundations are not correct. Thus, above all, a critical historical review is made. As a spin-off of this study, the Lambert-Beer law is questioned suggesting an alternative approach. Moreover, the Stefan-Boltzmann law is relativized revealing the different characters of the two temperature terms. But in particular, the author’s recently published own work is quoted revealing novel measurement methods and yielding several crucial arguments, while finally an empiric proof is presented.The cardinal error in the usual greenhouse theory consists in the assumption that photometric or spectroscopic IR-measurements allow conclusions about the thermal behaviour of gases, i.e., of the atmosphere. They trace back to John Tyndall who developed such a photometric method already in the 19th century. However, direct thermal measurement methods have never been applied so far. Apart from this, at least twenty crucial errors are revealed which suggest abandoning the theory as a whole.In spite of its obvious deficiencies, this theory has so far been an obstacle to take promising precautions for mitigating the climate change. They would consist in a general brightening of the Earth surface, and in additional measures being related to this. However, the novel effects which were found by the author, particularly the absorption of incident solar-light by the atmosphere as well as its absorption capability of thermal radiation, cannot be influenced by human acts. But their discovery may contribute to a better understanding of the atmospheric processes.Summary and ConclusionIn fact, it would be feasible to refute the climate greenhouse theory already by some simple arguments: The fact, that the atmospheric carbon-dioxide has increased while the average global temperature has increased, too, does not at all reveal a causal relationship but solely an analogous one. Moreover, a greenhouse needs a solid transparent roof which is absent in the case of the atmosphere. And finally, it seems unlikely that the extremely low carbon-dioxide concentration of 0.04 percent is able to co-warm the entire atmosphere to a perceptible extent.(Heat power 37.1 W, initial temperature 23.5°, pressure ca. 1032 hPa, humidity 45-55%)Figure 35: Limiting temperatures for different gases at different positions, average values of two measurements.However, these arguments are not taken seriously. This theory appears to be well-founded and untouchable. It is accepted by thousands of scientists, and numerous professional publications exist which guarantee the correctness of this theory. It cannot be that it is false.But the present treatise reveals yes, it can!It is hard to believe: But at least twenty objections could be alleged to question and refute the climate greenhouse theory, which may be characterized as a huge accumulation of theoretic constructs being opposed to a poor empiric foundation. Its main deficiency consists in the never verified assumption that within a gas the absorbed thermal radiation would entirely be transformed into heat. Further common misconceptions arise from the concept that the whole atmosphere is responsible for the Earth temperature, instead of its lowest layer being relevant for our perception of climate, and from the negligence of the boundary processes between Earth’s surface and atmosphere, in particular regarding the colour-dependent temperature of the surface material. Finally, the assumption is abstruse that the atmosphere behaves as a black body. Besides, and as a spin-off of this study, the Lambert-Beer law was questioned suggesting an alternative approach. Furthermore, and in particular, the Stefan-Boltzmann relation was relativized revealing the different characters of the two temperature terms.But this treatise is not confined to a mere critique. It rather presents a variety of recently published results which are based on novel thermal measuring methods using simple but adequate materials, and being consistent with basic physical laws. In any case, limiting temperatures were reached. Firstly, the solar reflective characterization of solid opaque materials is considered, delivering a direct measuring method for the solar reflection coefficient. Moreover, the cooling-down behaviour of solid bodies is studied. Secondly, the discovery of the near-infrared absorption by gases is reported which is relevant for the incident solar radiation. Surprisingly, and contrary to any former knowledge, any gas is warmed up, while the difference between air and pure carbon- dioxide is minor-that which delivers the first empirical evidence that «greenhouse gases» do not exist. The second and definite evidence is delivered by the here first mentioned warming-up experiments of air and of pure carbon-dioxide in the presence of thermal radiation, which even revealed a temperature reduction by carbon-dioxide, apart from the fact that the carbon-dioxide content of the air is so low that it can be neglected.As a consequence, it is absolutely certain that the atmospheric temperature is not at all influenced by trace gases such as carbon- dioxide. On the contrary, the Earth surface represents the governing factor affecting the climate considerably, in particular due to its colouring. Hence this entails the only option to influence the climate by taking human measures while the radiative behaviour of the atmosphere cannot be influenced. They would consist in a general brightening of the Earth surface, and in additional measures being related to this. However, so far any really effective measures have been impeded. This passivity is favoured by ever subordinating such measures to the greenhouse proclamation. A typical example for this is given in [47], while its abatement by alleging a global model computation using the greenhouse assumption, as delivered in [48], is even more destructive.Thus, it is high time to realize that each day on which the climate greenhouse theory is maintained, in spite of its here alleged refutation, and hindering any appropriate and effective measures at the Earth surface–particularly in cities, is a lost day.Perhaps it will be one lost day too many...https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-refutation-of-the-climate-greenhouse-theory-and-a-proposal-for-ahopeful-alternative.pdfGERMAN CLIMATE RESEARCH PAPERFalsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of PhysicsGerhard Gerlich, Ralf D. Tscheuschner(Submitted on 8 Jul 2007 (v1), last revised 4 Mar 2009 (this version, v4))The atmospheric greenhouse effect, an idea that many authors trace back to the traditional works of Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), and Arrhenius (1896), and which is still supported in global climatology, essentially describes a fictitious mechanism, [Emphasis added] in which a planetary atmosphere acts as a heat pump driven by an environment that is radiatively interacting with but radiatively equilibrated to the atmospheric system. According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist. Nevertheless, in almost all texts of global climatology and in a widespread secondary literature it is taken for granted that such mechanism is real and stands on a firm scientific foundation. In this paper the popular conjecture is analyzed, and the underlying physical principles are clarified. By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 degrees Celsius is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified.115 pages, 32 figures, 13 tables (some typos corrected)Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (http://physics.ao-ph)Journal reference: Int.J.Mod.Phys.B23:275-364,2009DOI: 10.1142/S021797920904984XCite as: arXiv:0707.1161 [http://physics.ao-ph](or arXiv:0707.1161v4 [http://physics.ao-ph] for this version)PEER REVIEWIzvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics is a peer reviewed journal. We use a double blind peer review format. Our team of reviewers includes 75 reviewers, both internal and external (90%). The average period from submission to first decision in 2017 was 30 days, and that from first decision to acceptance was 30 days. The rejection rate for submitted manuscripts in 2017 was 20%. The final decision on the acceptance of an article for publication is made by the Editorial BoardCONCLUSION