Central Southeast Stars Event March 30, 2016 12:30 2:30 P: Fill & Download for Free

For the first part of this answer, I will list incidents significant enough to be reported in Wikipedia, from April 2009-April 2019:June 19, 2009 – United States – A major downpour of rain in Rockford, Illinois, causes 14 of the 114 ethanol tankers of a Canadian National freight train to leave the track and explode into flames. One person at a rail crossing dies, several others are burned.[210][211]June 22, 2009 – United States – June 2009 Washington Metro train collision – On the Washington Metro, in Northeast Washington, D.C., an electronic track-circuit module fails, causing a train to go undetected by the automatic train control system. A second train crashes into it, killing 9 people, the deadliest incident in the subway system's 33-year history.[212][213]July 9, 2009 – United States – The Amtrak Wolverine hits the side of a car in Canton Township, Michigan, near Detroit. All five people in the vehicle die.[219]November 24, 2009 – United States – 116 cars of a Union Pacific Railroad train derail in southwest Houston, Texas, forcing the closure of several lanes of Alternate U.S. Highway 90 for several days.[238]12 February 2010 – United States – At 10.13, a train derails in the pocket track just north of Farragut North Washington Metro station when the front car leaves the tracks. Of the nearly 400 passengers on board, one person was taken to hospital.[9][10] The NTSB concluded that the train operator (driver) was at fault for rule violations, including continuing past a red signal without authorization. Contributing factors were poor supervision of the operator which prevented correct configuration of the train for the signal and control system. There were also difficulties with the radio systems.[10]15 March 2010 – United States – A METRO bus collides with a light rail METRO train in Houston, Texas, injuring nearly 20 people.[13] Police and METRO investigators claim that the bus ran a traffic light that was red for ten seconds before the bus passed it at 29 miles per hour (47 km/h).[14][15]13 May 2010 – United States – A northbound Amtrak Piedmont collides with a truck towing a low loader in Mebane, North Carolina. 11 are injured.[21] The reports from the railroads involved collected by the Federal Railroad Administration indicate that there were 17 injuries and $3.3 million of damage. The accident was caused by the truck driver.[22]10 September 2010 – United States – A conductor loses his arm when two trains collide in Fontana, California.[50]30 September 2010 – United States – Two Canadian National ore trains collide head-on twelve miles north of Two Harbors, Minnesota, injuring all five crew members.[55]13 March 2011 – United States – 2011 California BART train derailment – two cars of a ten car BART train derail in Northern California. Three minor back injuries are reported.[67]28 March 2011 – United States – A CSX train travelling through Newton Falls, Ohio with an estimated 100-cars of mixed freight (including hoppers and tankers), suffers a 12-car derailment at approximately 07.00 (local time) Eastern Daylight Time. Three rail cars fall off a bridge and onto Center Street.17 April 2011 – United States – A BNSF Railway freight train hauling 130-cars of coal from Wyoming to Chicago rear-ends a stationary maintenance equipment train near Red Oak, Iowa at 6:55 am.[74] The lead locomotive on the coal train derails and fire engulfs the cab. The crew of two, the conductor and engineer, on the coal train are killed. Ten cars on the maintenance train derail. The two crew members on the maintenance train are not injured.3 June 2011 – United States – A Burlington Northern commuter train from Aurora, Illinois and an Amtrak train heading to Carbondale, Illinois collide at Chicago's Union Station at about 08.15, injuring at least five people. One of the trains derails.[79]24 June 2011 – United States – Miriam (near Reno), Nevada: Despite the working signals on the track, a semi, driving on a rural stretch of U.S. Route 95 near Reno and Sparks, strikes one of the cars of a west-bound California Zephyr Amtrak passenger train, killing at least six people (the truck driver and 5 others on the train)11 July 2011 – United States – An Amtrak Downeaster passenger train from Boston, Massachusetts heading to Portland, Maine is struck by a garbage truck at a crossing in North Berwick, Maine, killing the driver of the truck and setting the locomotive and one passenger car on fire.[86]7 October 2011 – United States – 26 cars of a 131-car freight train derail and explode near Tiskilwa in Bureau County, Illinois, approximately 160 kilometres (99 mi) west of Chicago. No injuries are reported; 800 people are evacuated.[101][102]12 October 2011 – United States – In Oakland, California a southbound Amtrak San Joaquin train passes a red signal and collides with a stopped Coast Starlight train at low speed, injuring seventeen people.[103]6 January 2012 – United States – Three CSX freight trains collide in a remote section of Porter County, Indiana resulting in a fire and possible HAZMAT situation. Two injuries are reported.[112] The NTSB report placed the blame on the second train which failed to obey signals, causing it to run into the first train. The third train ran into the derailed trains shortly thereafter.[113]17 January 2012 – United States – A BNSF Railway freight train collides with a tractor trailer in northeast Montana, causing ten rail cars to derail, including four locomotives and blocking the traffic on the rail line.[116]1 February 2012 – United States – The Amtrak Wolverine train from Pontiac, Michigan to Chicago, carrying 71 passengers and 5 crew, strikes a stalled tractor trailer (carrying equipment for oil production) on tracks in Leoni Township, Michigan. The lead engine and at least two cars derail. There are no fatalities, and six people suffer non-life-threatening injuries24 June 2012 – United States – Three crew members were killed when two Union Pacific trains slammed into each other just east of Goodwell, about 480 kilometres northwest of Oklahoma City. The crash triggered a diesel-fueled fireball that appeared to weld the locomotives together.[136][137]4 July 2012 – United States – A Union Pacific Railroad coal train heading to Wisconsin derails, collapsing an overpass on Shermer Road in Glenview, Illinois at about 13.45. A day later, a couple, having been crushed by the falling coal and cars, are found dead in their car buried beneath the rubble.[138]11 July 2012 – United States – A Norfolk Southern train with 2 locomotives and 98 cars derails in Columbus, Ohio, near the Ohio State Fairgrounds at 02.05 CDT. The resulting explosion, caused in part due to the burning of 76,000 litres (17,000 imperial gallons) of ethanol, causes a mile-wide evacuation. At the time of the explosion, two nearby individuals are injured; they drive themselves to hospital.[139]21 July 2012 – United States – A Kansas City Southern freight train collides with a BNSF coal train and derails in Barton County, MO, injuring two railway workers.[143]6 August 2012 - United States - 32 cars derail from mixed-freight train that was traveling from Lynwood to Macon, Ga. on the Norfolk Southern Railway line running aside Eighth Avenue in Cramerton, North Carolina. 31 homes are evacuated. Among the cars that derailed are tanker cars carrying phosphoric acid. Cleanup from the accident lasts approximately two months.[146]21 August 2012 – United States – Two women celebrating the night before their return to university on a railway bridge die shortly after midnight when a CSX coal train derails on the bridge in downtown Ellicott City, Maryland, burying the women under coal.[147] The NTSB investigation attributed the probable cause of the derailment to a broken rail.[148]1 October 2012 – United States – In California Amtrak Train 712, travelling from Oakland, CA to Bakersfield, CA, is hit by a truck carrying cotton at a gated level crossing. Three of the train's five cars as well as the trailing GE P42DC locomotive, #94, derailed. No deaths, 50 injuries.29 October 2012 – United States – Thirteen cars of a 57-car Paducah & Louisville (P&L) freight train derail near West Point, Kentucky. A tank car loaded with butadiene leaked and later caught fire while workers were repairing the track. No deaths, 5 injured. On 31 October, the train derailment exploded at 13:30 causing evacuations to be ordered in a 2 kilometre radius and an 8 kilometre radius to stay indoors. 3 were seriously burned in the explosion.15 November 2012 – United States – Midland train crash – Around 16.30 four people die and 16 others are injured when a Union Pacific train strikes a parade float headed to an event honouring wounded veterans in Midland, Texas.[162][163]29 November 2012 – United States, Amtrak train 91 The Silver Star carrying 153 people to Miami slams into a dump truck in Orlando, Florida splitting it in half. The dump truck driver dies and the engine of The Silver Star is damaged. 10 passengers are hospitalized for minor injuries. Witnesses say that the truck driver failed to stop at a stop sign, and authorities claim the train was not speeding at the time of the impact. The rest of the passengers are taken to a downtown Orlando station.30 November 2012 – United States – One of three daily trains that cross an old style swing bridge derails near Paulsboro, New Jersey, resulting in one car leaking vinyl chloride into the air. The NTSB Report found the conductor was not trained how to tell if the bridge was locked after it had malfunctioned. About 100 people were treated for exposure to the chemical. Equipment damage estimates were $451,000. The emergency response and remediation costs totaled about $30 million.[168]17 December 2012 – United States – A BNSF intermodal train from Chicago derails when a landslide strikes it in Everett, Washington. This event is captured on video.[169][170]26 April 2013 – United States – At a rural Buffalo & Pittsburgh Railroad crossing, in Butler County, Pennsylvania (near Pittsburgh), an Allegheny Valley Railroadfreight train carrying asphalt (with 2 locomotives, 29 cars; traveling at the 25 mph limit) strikes an Alliance for Nonprofit Resources Inc. Butler Area Rural Transit Authority bus carrying impaired seniors and younger adults at the Maple Street intersection. It's unclear whether the bus stopped on or before the tracks; the train's brakes are believed to have been applied and the horn to have sounded. Two people are flown by helicopter to area trauma centres–one was in critical condition, and a 91-year-old woman dies later at Allegheny General Hospital. Ten others, including the bus driver, are also hospitalised.[199]17 May 2013 – United States – Fairfield train crash – Sixty people are injured (five critically) and rail traffic from New York City to Boston is shut down after a Metro-North commuter train derails and plows into a second train in Fairfield, Connecticut.[205]25 May 2013 – United States – Seven people are injured when two freight trains collide early in the morning at a rail intersection in southeast Missouri, causing a highway overpass to collapse (this occurred shortly after a bridge collapse in Washington state and the above-mentioned Fairfield, Connecticut commuter train collision). The accident occurs when a Union Pacific train T-bones a Burlington Northern Santa Fe train outside of Scott City, Missouri about 190 kilometres (120 mi) south of St. Louis, Missouri. One of the trains derails, sending rail cars smashing into an overpass support pillar. Five of the injured are in automobiles, and two are on the train. All but one of the injured are treated and released from the hospital. 37.209636°N 89.745727°W[208][209]28 May 2013 – United States – A freight train derails outside Rosedale, Maryland, just outside Baltimore after colliding with a garbage truck. Fifteen cars from the CSX train Q409 derail and two catch fire. An explosion damages nearby buildings. Only the truck driver is injured. Those within a 20-block radius of the crash site are asked to evacuate.18 July 2013 – United States – July 2013 Spuyten Duyvil derailment – A CSX freight train carrying New York City municipal waste to an out-of-state landfill derails between the Marble Hill and Spuyten Duyvil stations on Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line along the Harlem River the New York City borough of The Bronx. There are no injuries or deaths; however thousands of commuters are inconvenienced when that section of the line is closed for four days while the cars are rerailed and the spilled garbage cleaned up5 August 2013 – United States – More than 20 cars of Union Pacific train derail in Louisiana near Lawtell.[224]16 September 2013 – United States – A freight train derails near Seville, Illinois when a bridge over the Spoon Rivercollapses under it.[228]19 September 2013 – United States – A CSX train derails in Southampton County, Virginia injuring two engineers and starting a fire.[230]30 September 2013 – United States – An out-of-service Chicago Transit Authority train crashes head-on into a stopped train in Forest Park, Illinois, injuring 33 people.[231]9 October 2013 – United States – A Union Pacific train hits a stalled tractor trailer carrying pipes in Odessa, Texas. The accident caused the pipes to go flying and 100 gallons of diesel fuel from the locomotive to leak. Accident was caught on tape. No injuries.[232]11 October 2013 – United States – A truck carrying logs collides with a Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad train carrying 63 people in Randolph County, West Virginia. The driver of the truck dies, and 23 on the train are injured, six of them seriously.[233]24 October 2013 – United States – One person dies when four freight cars loaded with gravel derail at the SunRail station on State Road 46 in Sanford, Florida.[237]8 November 2013 – United States – A 90-car freight train carrying crude oil from the Bakken shale patch in North Dakota (possibly similar to the type carried in the July 2013 Lac-Mégantic derailment in Quebec, Canada), from Amory, Mississippi to a refinery in Walnut Hill, Florida, derails and explodes in the morning in Pickens County, Alabama (west AL)30 November 2013 – United States – A Southwestern Railroad (New Mexico) train derails outside Silver City, New Mexico, resulting in the deaths of the conductor, engineer, and a ride-along female passenger aged 50. The train is leaving a mine on a 6% slope when it experiences braking failure and travels out of control for miles. The locomotive eventually leaves the track on a curve, completely disconnecting from the eight cars heavily loaded with magnetite and slides into an arroyo (creek). All three occupants of the locomotive are killed on impact. The eight freight cars continue on the track a short distance before stopping. It is originally reported that the three victims were male employees,[241] but a correction later specifies that the female ride-along passenger was not an employee.[242]Spuyten Duyvil derailment.1 December 2013 – United States – December 2013 Spuyten Duyvil derailment - Derailment at Spuyten Duyvil, the Bronx, New York City – The engineer of a Metro-North Railroad passenger train from Poughkeepsie to Grand Central Terminal falls asleep with the train at full throttle. It enters a 30 mph (48 km/h) curve just before Spuyten Duyvil station at 82 mph (132 km/h) and derails, killing 4 and injuring 63. It is the first Metro-North accident with passenger fatalities.[243] The engineer's fatigue was caused by severe, undiagnosed sleep apnea in combination with a recent shift change.[244]30 December 2013 – United States – Casselton train derailment – Several cars from westbound BNSF grain train 6990 derailed after a reused axle broke on the 45th car in the train. One minute and 15 seconds later, eastbound crude oil train 4934, operating on the adjacent eastbound track near Casselton, North Dakota, struck the derailed grain car, derailing locomotive 4934 and several of the oil tank cars.7 January 2014 – United States– A CTA Yellow Line passenger train derails in the Rogers Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The two-car train derailed in the early afternoon, briefly disrupting late afternoon rush hour traffic. No injuries were reported.[256]13 January 2014 – United States– A BNSF train derails near Kent, Washington after a landslide. The landslide also disrupted Amtrak and Sound Transit passenger rail service.[258]17 January 2014 – United States – A BNSF train hauling fruits, vegetables and empty intermodal cars derails near Williston, North Dakota. The derailment also disrupted Amtrak passenger rail service between Minot, North Dakota and Havre, Montana. No injuries were reported.[259]27 January 2014 – United States – A Union Pacific train carrying scrap paper derails near Pollard Flat, California. Only one box car in the four-car train was carrying cargo, with no cargo spillage. The derailment caused disruption to Amtrak passenger rail service, resulting in riders being transported via buses between Oregon and California.[262]28 January 2014 – United States – A CN train carrying plastic pellets derails near Mundelein, Illinois. One set of wheels on a hopper in a 110-car train derailed on a single lane track, resulting in disruptions of service over two days for several passenger and freight services as trains needed to be rerouted.[263]28 January 2014 – United States – A CSX train carrying phosphoric acid derails near McDavid, Florida. 23 of the 69 cars derailed, resulting in the destruction of the tracks and bridge over Fletcher Creek, and chemicals leaking into the water. No injuries were reported.[264]31 January 2014 – United States – A CN train carrying crude oil, methane and liquid fertilizer derails near New Augusta, Mississippi. 18 to 24 cars of the 85-car train derailed and began leaking. The derailment occurred in a rural area, but resulted in 12 families being evacuated and four lanes of U.S. 98 closed as emergency responders began to clean up the spill. No injuries were reported.[265]24 March 2014 – United States – O'Hare station train crash - A train in Chicago, Illinois overruns the buffers and goes up the escalator at O'Hare International Airport, injuring 32 people.[270]30 April 2014 – United States – CSX derailment: 15 tankers carrying crude oil derail and catch fire in Lynchburg, Virginia, striking fears of water contamination in the local area and beyond.[273]4 July 2014 – United States – 19 cars of a Montana Rail Link train, carrying manufactured plane parts, soybeans, and alcohol from Kansas City, Kansas to Renton, Washington, derail. 3 airplane fuselages spill into a local river. No injuries are reported, and the nearby river pass and fishing gorge is closed to remove debris.[280]17 August 2014 – United States – two Union Pacific locomotives hit head-on, in Hoxie, Arkansas, killing two crewmen and injuring two others. Several cars derail, resulting in a fire that causes the evacuation of 500 residents.[287]4 September 2014 - United States - A switch glitch causes a minor coach derailment at the Strasburg Rail Road. No one was injured and the coach was back on the rails a few hours later, completely undamaged.[289]5 October 2014 – United States – a Norfolk Southern freight train slams into a lowboy trailer in Mer Rouge, LA, seriously injuring both railroad crew and causing two engines along with 17 cars to derail. 50 homes are evacuated for about two hours due to the leakage of argon gas from the tank car.[291]16 October 2014 – United States – An excursion train of the Arkansas-Missouri Railroad stalls on the mainline near West Fork, Arkansas; the crew of the locomotive sent to help the train does not have the precise location of the stalled train and runs into the stalled train's locomotive after rounding a curve. 44 people are injured in the collision, 5 critically.[293][294] An NTSB team was dispatched to investigate.[295]28 October 2014 – United States – 24 were injured when an Amtrak train collides with a semi truck on U.S. Route 421.[296]14 January – United States – A Texas Department of Criminal Justice bus with 12 inmates and three officers is traveling from Abilene, Texas to El Paso, Texas when it collides with a train, near Odessa, Texas, killing 10.[301]3 February – United States – Valhalla train crash - A Metro-North Railroad train strikes one car at a crossing near Valhalla, New York, and catches fire, killing six people.[302]16 February – United States – 2015 Mount Carbon train derailment - A CSX freight train derails in West Virginia. A broken rail caused nineteen Bakken crude oil tank cars to catch fire, with over 1,100 people evacuated from their homes nearby.[306]24 February – United States – 2015 Oxnard train derailment - A Metrolink train hits a road vehicle at Oxnard, Californiaand derails.[309] The train engineer dies and 29 others are injured.25 February – United States – A CN freight train traveling from Winnipeg, Manitoba to Superior, Wisconsin derails 25 miles northwest of Duluth, Minnesota. Thirteen of the 107 cars in the train derail, some of which contain naphthalene. No injuries or spills were reported.[310][311]2 March – United States – A Union Pacific train hauling hazardous material derails near Meacham, Oregon; 10 cars jump the tracks in a narrow canyon overlooking Meacham Creek.[312]5 March – United States – A BNSF oil train derails in a rural area near Galena, Illinois. Twenty-one of the 105 cars, containing Bakken formation crude oil, leave the track and catch fire, which continues to burn. No injuries are reported.[313]9 March – United States – 2015 Halifax train crash - An Amtrak passenger train collides with a tractor trailer in Halifax, North Carolina. No life-threatening injuries were reported. The accident was caught on video.[317]15 March – United States – A car ignores warning signals at an open grade crossing in Louisville, Kentucky. A Norfolk Southern freight train with leased locomotives from Union Pacific Railroad crashes into the car with four Bhutanese passengers in it where they were returning from soccer practice. Two passengers sitting on the right side were killed in the crash while two were critically injured and taken to a nearby hospital.28 March – United States – 2015 Los Angeles train crash - An Expo Line train collides with an automobile at an intersection, injuring 12.[326]6 May – United States – A BNSF train derails near Heimdal, North Dakota, which ignites a crude oil fire in six tanker cars and forces the evacuation of approximately 40 nearby residents. No injuries or fatalities were reported.[332]Philadelphia.12 May – United States – 2015 Philadelphia train derailment - an Amtrak passenger train from Washington, D.C. to New York City derails in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Eight people are killed and more than 200 injured.[333]13 May – United States – A CSX freight train collides with a MARTA bus in East Point, Georgia that was trapped on a railroad crossing by traffic while stopped at a traffic light. Six people were injured in the wreck. The accident was caught on tape by cameras inside the bus.[334][335]11 June – United States – Nine cars (and a locomotive) of an 84-car Kansas City Southern freight train derail in Houston, Texas. Two cars fall from the track, with one falling onto a road below. No injuries were reported and no cargo was spilled.[339]2 July – United States – 2015 Tennessee train derailment - A train carrying hazardous materials goes off of its tracks near Knoxville, Tennessee.[343]5 October – United States – An Amtrak passenger train strikes rocks on the line and derails near Northfield, Vermont.[355][356]24 October – United States – A southbound Union Pacific freight train hauling 64 cars of gravel and concrete materials is swept off the tracks by flood waters just north of Corsicana, Texas, after Hurricane Patricia's weak remnants dumped 18 inches of rain on the area over a two-day period. Both crew members were rescued from the flood waters uninjured.[357]4 January – United States – A Tri-Rail passenger train collides with a garbage truck which had broken down on a grade crossing at Lake Worth station, Florida and is derailed. Twenty-two people are injured.[366]28 January – United States – A northbound Tri-Rail train derails in Pompano Beach, Florida. One person is injured.[370]14 March – United States – Cimarron train derailment; Amtrak's Southwest Chief derails about 20 miles (32 km) west of Dodge City in Kansas; five cars are derailed. Thirty-two people are injured.[379]25 March – United States – Callaway train crash; A collision between a train and a tractor-trailer transporting propane causes a large explosion and injures two train crew members.3 April – United States – 2016 Chester, Pennsylvania, train derailment: Two people die and thirty-one suffer injuries when an Amtrak train collides with a backhoeon the tracks and a car derails in Chester, near Philadelphia.[381]1 May – United States – A freight train derails in northeast Washington D.C., spilling hazardous chemicals. Nobody is injured, but metropolitan and Amtrak service to and from Washington is disrupted.[392]3 June – United States – A crude oil train derails due to defective track and catches fire at Mosier, Oregon. The town was evacuated.[397]26 June – United States – An Amtrak passenger train collides with a van on a grade crossing in southern Colorado. Five of the six persons in the van die.[399]28 June – United States – Two BNSF Railway freight trains collide head-on near Panhandle, Texas. Three crewpeople were killed, and one was injured when they jumped from one of the trains. The wrecked locomotives caught fire following initial impact. The event recorders in the locomotives were completely destroyed and unrecoverable, rendering actions by crew members unaccountable before the crash.[400]14 July - United States - Early in the morning, Norfolk Southern train 164 strikes a tractor-trailer in Chattanooga, Tennessee, resulting in the train derailing and the lead locomotive overturning.[404]28 July - United States - 9:10pm, Norfolk Southern coal train experiences derailment in Spring City, Tennessee. 49 cars experienced derailment and lost their contents in the middle of city limits, almost hitting the historic train depot in town. Cause was determined to be a fault wheel on one of the privately owned coal cars.[406]29 September – United States – 2016 Hoboken train crash; A NJ Transit train entering Hoboken Terminal overruns the end-of-track bumper block and smashes into a wall, causing structural damage to the terminal building. A woman on the platform is killed by falling debris, and 114 others are injured.[419]8 October – United States – A Long Island Railroad train derails near New Hyde Park. Thirty-three people are injured—26 passengers and 7 employees, four seriously, when an LIRR commuter train struck a work train that was partially fouling the track near a switch.[420][421]4 January – United States – 2017 Brooklyn train crash - A Long Island Rail Road commuter train derails in Brooklyn, New York. At least 103 people are injured.[433]24 January – United States – A FrontRunner passenger train collides with a semi-trailer truck on a grade crossing in North Salt Lake, Utah. Weather caused the crossing arms to remain down and safe but responding employee disabled the crossing safety system so when the train approached, the gates did not activate. No one was injured.[435]21 February – United States – A train on SEPTA's Market-Frankford Line derails in a rail yard loop in Upper Darby, PA when it crashes into a stopped train, seriously injuring one of the operators and injuring three others. Cars from the derailed train collide with a third train on an adjacent track.[443]7 March – United States – Three locomotives and 20 cars of a CSX freight train on the River Subdivision partially derail at Newburgh, New York, after striking a disabled construction vehicle stuck on the tracks at a grade crossing in a steel-fabrication plant. There are no injuries and hazardous materials the train was carrying are not spilled; however a neighboring road is closed to traffic for several days during cleanup of spilled diesel fuel.[444]7 March – United States – Four people are killed in Biloxi, Mississippi, when a CSX freight hits their charter bus after it gets stuck on the tracks at a grade crossing. The wreck was caught on video.[445]Graettinger, Iowa10 March – United States – A freight train convoying ethanol derails and bursts into flames as it crosses a trestle bridge near Graettinger, Iowa. At least 27 of 101 cars derail.[446]15 May – United States – A freight train carrying automobiles, industrial chemicals and other materials derailed 18 of 77 cars in Elkhart, Illinois with no injuries reported.[457]20 June – United States – Three refrigerated cars carrying butter on an East Penn Railroad train derailed in Sellersville, Pennsylvania.[458]27 June – United States – A southbound New York City Subway train derailed then caught on fire near 125th Street.[459] The derailment, caused by improperly secured replacement rails,[460] resulted in 39 minor injuries.[461]28 June - United States - A Norfolk Southern train slams into a truck at Bangor, Pennsylvania. The driver ignored the crossing, and said that the crossing was deactivated, but it was active when the train hit the truck. No injuries or deaths occurred. The driver was charged.2 July – United States – An Amtrak passenger train derails at Steilacoom, Washington. A few of the 267 passengers on board sustain minor injuries.[462][463]21 July – United States – The second set of wheels on a southbound New York City Subway train jumped the track near Brighton Beach. Nine people suffered injuries[464] due to improper maintenance of the car in question.[465][466]22 August – United States – A SEPTA Norristown High Speed Line remain runs into the rear of an out of service Norristown High Speed Line train at 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Thirty-three people are injured, four seriously.[474]2 December – United States – A Mount Hood Railroad passenger train derails 3 miles (4.8 km) from Hood River, Oregon. There are no injuries amongst the 214 people on board. The line is closed until 8 December.[491]18 December - United States - 2017 Washington train derailment: Amtrak Cascades passenger train #501, the inaugural run of the Cascades service on a new rail line designed for higher speeds than the previous route, fails to slow down when approaching a 30 mph speed restriction and derails on a bridge over I-5 in Pierce County, Washington. Three people are killed and over 80 injured.[494][495]28 January - United States - A freight train collides with a truck in Harrodsburg, Kentucky. The accident occurred after 8:30pm EST between a Norfolk Southernfreight train and a CMV truck at a grade crossing with US 127.[505] The truck reportedly spilled 40 gallons (150 L) of fuel, and NS 8104, a heritage unit, was involved.31 January - United States - 2018 Crozet, Virginia train crash: A chartered Amtrak train carrying Republican Party lawmakers from Washington, D.C. to a retreat in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia collides with a garbage truck at a grade crossing near Crozet, Virginia. One person on the truck is killed and six people are injured.[506]4 February - United States - Cayce, South Carolina train collision: Amtrak Silver Star train #91 traveling from New York City to Miami collided with a CSX freight train early Sunday in Cayce, South Carolina, killing at least two people, injuring at least 100 others, and spilling thousands of gallons of fuel.[507][508]18 March — United States — Two Norfolk Southern freight trains are in a head-on collision in Scott County, Kentucky. Four people are injured. Norfolk Southern blames the engineer and conductor of one of the trains for the accident and sues them.[512]23 March — United States — A Long Island Railroad train collides with a car that drove onto the tracks because of a GPS in Mineola, New York. No injuries or deaths are reported.[512]17 June — United States — A freight train consisting of 89 cars derails and causes an explosion outside of the city of Princeton, Indiana. Of the 23 derailed cars, 5 contain propane. Authorities evacuate homes within a 1-mile radius of the derailment.[521]22 June — United States — A BNSF oil train was derailed near Doon, Iowa. An estimated 230000 gallons (870 600 L) of oil spilled.[522][523]4 October — United States - A Union Pacific freight train loses its brakes and collides with the rear of a stationary train in Granite Canyon, Wyoming. Preliminary NTSB reports have put the cause at a kink or pinched air hose along with a communication failure between the head end and the train's end-of-train device. The crew of the runaway train were killed.6 January – United States – A Norfolk Southern freight train carrying hazardous chemicals derailed in Jefferson County, Georgia near Bartow, prompting the evacuation of all addresses within a 7-mile (11 km) radius of the crash site due to tanker leakage. No injuries from the derailment were reported; however, at least 26 people, including a firefighter and three law enforcement officers, were treated for chemical exposure.[540]26 February – United States – Two separate Long Island Rail Road trains hit a pickup truck at the School Street railroad crossing in Westbury, New York on the LIRR Main Line, causing the driver and two passengers to be ejected from the vehicle resulting in their deaths, numerous injuries, and damage to the nearby LIRR station platform.[547]16 April – United States – Six cars of a Norfolk Southern freight train carrying trash derail in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania. The train was traveling westbound from Oak Island, New Jersey to Mingo Junction, Ohio. The derailment backed up train traffic as far away as Chicago.[551]… Phew, there were quite a few, huh?The largest overall cause, especially with passenger trains, seems to be cars on the tracks or hitting a passing train. Other incidents include head-on collisions, faulty maintenance, or speeding. For many of these, Positive Train Control (PTC) would have helped prevent these accidents from occurring, as long as it was working properly.

IT IS NOT! Temperature is the Achilles heel of the alarmists because temperatures are declining for the past 7000 years and have been flat at less than 0.5 C over the past 150 years. This variation is just natural nothing to do with us. In fact for the past few years temperatures are falling. The earth is cooling not heating up and the evidence of lower temperatures is everywhere.The polar ice caps are not melting away and are in fact expanding and this is key evidence that we remain in the grip of the Quaternary Ice Age. You can look with your own eyes and do not need to depend on data about temperatures fudged and tampered by alarmist scientists like James Hansen and Michael Mann.Ice-Free Arctic Fantasies Melting Away As Temperatures Plummet…Sea Ice Mass Grows ImpressivelyBy P Gosselin on14. March 2018German skeptic and weather expert ‘Schneefan’ here writes how climate activist Mark C. Serreze recently announced this year’s sea ice extent was at the smallest all-time area. But since then Arctic temperatures have plummeted and sea ice area has grown to over 14 million square kilometers:At the sea ice portal, the development is clearly shown.From sea ice portal as temperatures plummet.August 2020 Arctic sea ice portal shows lots of polar bear snow.Data about droughts shows a decline while evidence of snowfall is increasing around the world including Australia and these are not signs of warming. In fact the most notorious effect of the Little Ice Age was the increase in rainfall and flooding that killed millions and caused crop failure. TODAY RECORD RAINFALL AND HISTORIC FLOODING IS COMMON WORLDWIDE.Do your own research as the evidence is the weather is wetter causing floods and not drier causing droughts. The former is cooling the later not! For example Lake Powell in the desert has just risen 51 feet because of the record runoff in the Salt Lake are mountains.This rise does not come from a climate that is dangerously too hot.This is not surprising when you realize the earth is in an ice age called the Quaternary and are temporary warming is only what is called ‘the interglacial period’ when it ends devastating brutal low temperatures will be the normal.REFERENCESDON’T BE FOOLED BY FUDGED DATA THAT IGNORES REALITY SHOWING THE CLIMATE IS COLDER AROUND THE WORLDSERIOUS U.S., CANADIAN SPRING-WHEAT HARVEST CONCERNS FOLLOWING COLD AND WET CONDITIONSSEPTEMBER 21, 2019 CAP ALLONA record-cold Q1/2 and excessively wet conditions ever-since have decimated the quality of spring and durum wheat crops in the northern U.S. Plains and Canadian Prairies, reports Reuters.Historic cold earlier in the year led to a very late planting season, and while that’s causing its own yield and quality concerns, it’s the persistent rains and waterlogging which are giving farmers the biggest headaches of late.The wet conditions are severely hampering harvest efforts, and have even caused some mature, un-harvested wheat kernels to begin to sprout, severely damaging the quality.Farmers in North Dakota, by far the largest U.S. spring wheat producer, were 73% harvested by Sept 15. Crops still standing due to the weather delays –some 86 million bushels– will likely have the poorest quality.“It’s really bad news,” said Joel Ransom, an agronomist with North Dakota State University in Fargo.wyatt@NickwallMafiaSo much for the monster crop of spring wheat and durum in Eastern Montana and North Dakota. 7 to 12” of rain has made feed grain out of it now @USDA #farmlife #harvest19 on hold againSo much for the monster crop of spring wheat and durum in Eastern Montana and North Dakota. 7 to 12” of rain has made feed grain out of it now @USDA #farmlife #harvest19 on hold again— wyatt (@NickwallMafia) September 21, 2019Twitter Ads info and privacySee wyatt's other TweetsWhile just north of the border, in Canada, the wheat harvest is even-less advanced.Farmers had gathered just 13% of Saskatchewan’s spring wheat crop as of Monday, Sept 16. Harvest progress for all crops in the province totaled a paltry 23%, which is less than half the five-year average pace of 50%.The top grades of U.S. and Canadian spring and durum wheat “just are not going to be available in the same volumes,” said Chuck Penner, analyst at Winnipeg-based LeftField Commodity Research.And Jonathan Lane, head of ADM Agriculture’s grain trading, added that “weather concerns are still apparent in the southern hemisphere,” too.Wheat futures were on the march north this week, and as the harvest data continues rolling in, and the numbers continue falling short of what are very unrealistic market expectations, we should look for commodity prices to skyrocket in the coming months.Stay tuned for updates.Grow your own.The cold times are returning, in line with historically low solar activity:Prepare (and help support Electroverse) by becoming a Patron and receive a FREE Survival Tool:www.patreon.com/join/electroverseGrand Solar Minimum + Pole ShiftNO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE.For climate science the data most followed is temperature and yet it is surely the most unreliable at the global level. Also temperature has shown no evidence over the past 140 years of anything but natural variability.Temperature increases over the past 140 years at 0.8*C are too small and within the range of natural variability to constitute human made global warming.NASA Goddard Institute finds warming of 0.8* Celsius (1.4* Fahrenheit) since 1880. This means an average of only 0.0175 degree Celsius temperature increase annually. This minute amount is within the statistical error of data.Weather by itself cannot be evidence of global warming/ climate unless there is statistical record stretching far enough back to account for thousands of years or at least for centuries.The good news is that over the past decade increasing scientific research has shown that we don't need to choose between conquering poverty and saving the planet from disastrous warming. The actual warming effect of doubled carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be much smaller than the 2.7–8.1˚F the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has claimed. It is certainly less than half, probably less than a third.Indeed, as climatologist John R. Christy, meteorologist Joseph D'Aleo, and climate statistician James Wallace put it, observational evidence indicates that "once just the Natural Factor [solar, volcanic, and ocean current cycle variability] impacts on temperature data are accounted for, there is no ... Natural Factor Adjusted Warming at all" left to blame on carbon dioxide. I.e., carbon dioxide's warming effect is likely so small as to be undetectable.THE MIDDLE EAST IS UNDER RECORD RAINFALL AND FLOODINGClimate change doesn't threaten to "destroy civilization." Misguided responses to it—including those promoted by Pope Francis—do.In reality, the postulate that CO2 is significantly trapping heat is still subject to debate (verifying the theory by measuring trapped heat can’t be done) and there are so many other factors involved in planet-wide warming and cooling that it’s impossible to say with any degree of certainty. For example, atmospheric water vapor (clouds) has a much more profound effect on temperature than CO2. The global circulation models—upon which rests the “proof” that CO2 is causing recent warming is based—don’t account for water vapor. This is one of many reasons the climate models were so inaccurate 6 years ago and why they’re even further off (p.5 graph) as time passes.Climate scientists haven’t been able to explain previous natural warming and cooling periods like the Medieval Warm Period, the Roman Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age, which had global temperature fluctuations that rivaled the current 1° C since the end of the Little Ice Age. In other words, despite the massive collective study of global climate by climate scientists over the past few decades, and the assurance by many vocal climate scientists who are concerned about catastrophic warming, the current temperature rise appears to be mostly—if not completely—within the range of natural variability.Advanced and accurate measurements of density of the growth rings in Northern Scandinavian pine trees have formed the basis for a highly accurate modern reconstruction of temperatures over the past 2,000 years. It shows that today's warm period is colder than the medieval warming, which again was colder than the Roman era. In modern times, there have been some particularly warm years, such as 2004, but they will be much less visible after a mathematical smoothing. Probably there have always been few years with exceptional heat or cold. It also follows from the historical accounts above about particular severe winters.Sea surface temperature in the East China Sea (between Japan, Taiwan and China). It is seen that changes in temperature did not happen simultaneously over the whole Earth. The Roman Warm Period took place also in China, the cold spell of the Peoples migration period was significant, but not very long lasting, instead, it was replaced by the Sui-Tang heating period. The Medieval warm period was not particularly significant in East Asia and nor was the Little Ice Age. But the steadily falling temperature trend has been the same in China as around the Atlantic.Jan Esper and his co-authors to "Variability and extremes of northern Scandinavian - -" conclude that their results "provide evidence of considerable warming during the Roman and Medieval warm period in larger scale and of longer duration than the twentieth century heating period." More specifically they identify the Medieval Warm Period to has taken place around 700 to 1300 AD and identify the warmest 30-year intervals during this period, which occurred from 918 to 947 AD in which period the June, July and August temperatures were about 0.3 degrees hotter than the hottest 30-year interval in the current warm period. Their findings differ from other researchers, who think that the Medieval Heating period began around 950 AD.If for example we have declining temperatures from the past 7000 years then the onus to rebut this cooling and declare a new weather pattern of warming that amounts to ‘climate change’ is high and has not happened since our industrializationThe US has the most accurate weather stations although not enough and they show declining trend in temperature seesawing from hot to cold. Raw data shows a more accurate picture of the temperature decline.Holocene climatic optimum - WikipediaThis graph is taken from Wikipedia. It shows eight different reconstructions of Holocene temperature. The thick black line is the average of these. Time progresses from left to right.On this graph the Stone Age is shown only about one degree warmer than present day, but most sources mention that Scandinavian Stone Age was about 2-3 degrees warmer than the present; this need not to be mutually excluding statements, because the curve reconstructs the entire Earth's temperature, and on higher latitudes the temperature variations were greater than about equator.Some reconstructions show a vertical dramatic increase in temperature around the year 2000, but it seems not reasonable to the author, since that kind of graphs cannot possibly show temperature in specific years, it must necessarily be smoothed by a kind of mathematical rolling average, perhaps with periods of hundred years, and then a high temperature in a single year, for example, 2004 will be much less visible.The trend seems to be that Holocene's highest temperature was reached in the Hunter Stone Age about 8,000 years before present, thereafter the temperature has generally been steadily falling, however, superimposed by many cold and warm periods, including the modern warm period.However, generally speaking, the Holocene represents an amazing stable climate, where the cooling through the period has been limited to a few degrees.History of Earth's ClimateScience NewsWith the long cooling trend there has not been a strong rise in temperatures except with fudged hockey stick data of Michael Mann erasing past statistics to create a false perception of temperature rise.https://www.wolframalpha.com/share/img?i=d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427em6otjnrlk&f=HBQTQYZYGY4TQM3EMI3WENBWGUYDCNBSG4ZDGOBVMJRWMNJSHEYAaaaaWe are in the Holocene interglacial warmer period of our Quaternary Ice Age of the past 2.5 million years. What is happening as to warming is no different and in fact cooler than temperatures of the Medieval Warm period where humans, plants and animals thrived. What is more relevant is the evidence of cooling continues apace raising the real prospect that we are back in the Little Ice Age.[Charles Tips QUORA writer and former Science Editor organized these facts.]“Fact 1: We are in an ice age, the Quaternary to name it, and have been for 2.58 million years. Given that the previous four ice ages lasted for right at 30 my, we likely have more than 27 my to go (the two ice ages that kicked things off were of snowball-Earth proportions and lasted much longer. Ice ages occur every 155 my, and we don’t know why. That’s a much longer cycle than Milankovitch cycles can account for. Those tell us things like why North Africa has been a desert for 5 ky when before that it was a populated savanna.“Fact 2: We are in an interglacial, the Holocene epoch to give it its name, a respite from glaciation. During an ice age, interglacials occur at 90 to 125 ky intervals and last approximately 7 to 14 ky. The Holocene is 11.7 ky old, but there is new evidence that the Allerød oscillation 13.9 ky ago was the actual start with a meteor strike 1 ky in producing the Younger Dryas cooling.* If we are actually, 13.9 ky into our interglacial, then natural cycles tell us we will be rapidly descending back into glaciation in 5… 4… 3…“The combination of glacials and interglacials looks like this:THE sun continues to be very quiet and it has been without sunspots this year 62% of the time as we approach what is likely to be one of the deepest solar minimums in a long, long time.Daily observations of the number of sunspots since 1 January 1977 according to Solar Influences Data Analysis CenterNew research shows fear of global warming is bad science.Marine species evolved, thrived, and diversified in 35 to 40°C ocean temperatures and CO2 concentrations “5-10x higher than present-day values” (Voosen, 2019 and Henkes et al., 2018).(Voosen, 2019 and Henkes et al., 2018).FROM SHORT MINI ICE AGE TO LONG ICE AGE GLACIATION Global warming peaked in 1988 and slowly ending the Interglacial Warm Holidays to begin the short Mini Ice Age affecting all spectrum. After a return to short warming period, we expect a U-turn to long sleep of Ice Age Glaciation. It happened many times in the past, each time resetting Human evolution. During this shortcoming Ice Age, there won't be enough space to grow food and for comfort living, except between the two 33° latitudes north and south of the equator which is not enough lands, and there won't be enough cheap and fresh drinking water neither for mass survivals. Our SEAWAPA project is to harvest fresh drinking water from the 7 month monsoons and rains, the melting ice from Tibet and from the most abundant tropical cyclones region in the world on top of Lao mountain range, transfer it below via gravity by producing electricity, food, and goods, at the same time, distribute them to far-flung floating agricultural modules, to newly built megacities, and to industrial complex across the equator, between the tropical cyclones zone, connecting them to other continents, avoiding post ice age big melt danger. Once done, we can tap into the Primary Water Cycle for larger scale space programs, build Hyperloop transport system for universal distribution of drinking water, food, goods, electricity and heat, all year round. The heat and coldness redistribution across the world will minimize risks caused by Ice Age and post-Ice Age. Asteroids mining and universal commodity dispersion will allow humanity to progress beyond "Sustainability", and to solve other risks. http://SEAWAPA.orgcarmen rouppit has all happened before and it will happen again -flooding, freezing, warming thawing ,flooding, and on and on . it is nothing new.THIS GRAPH SHOWS CURRENT WARMING IS NATURAL AND NOT UNPRECEDENTEDTHE EVIDENCE IS CLEAR YET DENIED BY ALARMIST THAT IN THE SIXTIES TEMPERATURES FELL FAR CAUSING FEAR OF A NEW LTTLE ICE AGE.SCIENTISTS AGREE WORLD IS COLDER – But Climate Experts Meeting Here Fail to Agree on Reasons for Change – View Article – NYTimes.comRUSSIA BREAKS MORE ALL-TIME LOW TEMPERATURE RECORDS, INCLUDING ONE FROM 1893JULY 19, 2019 CAP ALLONOn the back of Russia’s horde of new record low temperatures set on July 12, a bucket-load more were set over the following few days, busting records that had previously stood for well over 100 years.The mercury across the majority of Europe has remained well-below average during the month of July as a string of Arctic blasts continue to delay the start of the continent’s summer. Large regions are seeing temperature departures of up to 20C below average, sending all-time cold records tumbling.So far this month, we’ve reported on the new all-time low temperature records set in Germany, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Poland, the Netherlands, as well as the Nordic Nations.And now Russia has 7 more daily records to add to the ever-expanding list (data courtesy of www.hmn.ru):·Sortavala recorded 3.8C (38.8F) — busting the previous record of 4.2C (39.6F) set in 1971.·Vytegra’s 0C (32F) beat the previous record of 1.5C (34.7F) from way back in 1893.·Vyborg observed 6.7C (44F) surpassing the 7C (44.6F) set in 1978 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·Roslavl’s 7C (44.6F) beat out the 7.9C (46.2F) from 1935 (solar minimum of cycle 15).·Cherepovets‘ 4.1C (39.4F) busted the 4.8C (40.6F) set in 1995 (solar minimum of cycle 22)·Rybinsk registered 7.2C (45F) smashing the previous record low of 9.9C (49.8F) from 1977 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·While Kostroma’s 5.7C (42.3F) beat 1948’s record of 6.9C (44.4F).In addition, hmn.ru points out that “in the Vologda region, during the whole of July, the temperature never even approached the norm, and its negative anomaly on some days was 6-7C.”GFS TEMP ANOMALIES for JULY 16The Mainstream Media remains silent.Their bias clearer than ever.Regardless though, the cold times are returning, in line with historically low solar output:The time to prepare is now.Grand Solar Minimum + Pole ShiftRUSSIA BREAKS MORE ALL-TIME LOW TEMPERATURE RECORDS, INCLUDING ONE FROM 1893JULY 19, 2019 CAP ALLONOn the back of Russia’s horde of new record low temperatures set on July 12, a bucket-load more were set over the following few days, busting records that had previously stood for well over 100 years.The mercury across the majority of Europe has remained well-below average during the month of July as a string of Arctic blasts continue to delay the start of the continent’s summer. Large regions are seeing temperature departures of up to 20C below average, sending all-time cold records tumbling.So far this month, we’ve reported on the new all-time low temperature records set in Germany, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Poland, the Netherlands, as well as the Nordic Nations.And now Russia has 7 more daily records to add to the ever-expanding list (data courtesy of www.hmn.ru):·Sortavala recorded 3.8C (38.8F) — busting the previous record of 4.2C (39.6F) set in 1971.·Vytegra’s 0C (32F) beat the previous record of 1.5C (34.7F) from way back in 1893.·Vyborg observed 6.7C (44F) surpassing the 7C (44.6F) set in 1978 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·Roslavl’s 7C (44.6F) beat out the 7.9C (46.2F) from 1935 (solar minimum of cycle 15).·Cherepovets‘ 4.1C (39.4F) busted the 4.8C (40.6F) set in 1995 (solar minimum of cycle 22)·Rybinsk registered 7.2C (45F) smashing the previous record low of 9.9C (49.8F) from 1977 (solar minimum of cycle 20).·While Kostroma’s 5.7C (42.3F) beat 1948’s record of 6.9C (44.4F).In addition, hmn.ru points out that “in the Vologda region, during the whole of July, the temperature never even approached the norm, and its negative anomaly on some days was 6-7C.”NEW NASA STUDY FINDS KEY MELTING GREENLAND GLACIER, ONCE THE POSTER BOY FOR GLOBAL WARMING, IS NOW GROWING AGAINMARCH 26, 2019 CAP ALLONA major Greenland glacier, once one of the fastest shrinking ice/snow masses on Earth, is growing again, a new NASA study published in Nature Geoscience finds.Jakobshavn Isbrae was the single largest source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet over the last 20 years. In 2012, the glacier was retreating 1.8 miles (3 km) and thinning almost 130 feet (40 m) annually, and was used in literally hundreds of MSM articles as the poster boy for an AGW apocalypse.But how times have changed.The study’s authors, using airborne altimetry and satellite imagery, have discovered that since 2016, Jakobshavn has in fact been “re-advancing, slowing and thickening”.A map of Greenland showing the location of Jakobshavn and Disko Bay (orange box) and major ocean currents.Ala Khazendar, the study’s lead author, names a natural cyclical cooling of North Atlantic waters as the likely cause of the glacier reversing course — a flip of the North Atlantic Oscillation.New NASA Study Finds Key Melting Greenland Glacier, Once the Poster Boy for Global Warming, is now Growing Again - ElectroverseGFS TEMP ANOMALIES for JULY 16A NEW TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION FROM CENTRAL ASIA SHOWS 432 YEARS OF NO WARMING, RECENT COOLING BY KENNETH RICHARD ON 2. MAY 20194 MAI 2019 ALAIN PRÉATTree-ring evidence reveals recent cooling and glacier thickening in Central Asia as well as flat temperatures throughout the last 432 years.Tree rings were the proxy used by Dr. Michael Mann to invent the orignal hockey stick graph.Twenty years later, yet another reconstruction (1580 to 2012 AD) indicates modern warmth in Central Asia is not unusual in the context of the last 432 years.In fact, there was a recent cooling period, in line with natural variability, that was accompanied by regional glacier mass gains.The following two days may have been among the worst of the entire retreat. When Napoleon reached Pleshchenitse on 30 November, a temperature of -30oC was recorded be Dr. Louis Lagneau (Zamoyski 2005). Frostbite was widespread among the tired and hungry soldiers. Selfishness reached new heights. Now that Napoleon had managed to get beyond his reach, Kutuzov felt even less inclined to force the pursuit than before. Also his army was in a terrible condition. His main force, which has marched out of Tarutino 97,000 strong one month before, was now reduced to 27,000 men due to the cold, according to his own figures (Zamoyski 2005).Retreat of the French army in western Russia, mid- and late November 1812. Oil paintings by Vereschagin.On the evening of 5 December, at Smorgonie, Napoleon decided that it was time for him to go back to Paris, and take control from there. He called together his marshals and apparently apologised for his mistake of having remained in Moscow for too long. He then set off into the night. The Imperial Mameluke, Roustam, later reported that the wine in Napoleon's carriage froze that night, causing the bottles to shatter. On 6 December the temperature fell even more, reaching -37.5oC according to Dr. Louis Lagneau.The encampment suffered greatly due to winter weather, disease, and short rations.A village of southeast Pennsylvania on the Schuylkill River northwest of Philadelphia. It was the site of the headquarters of the Continental Army under George Washington from December 1777 to June 1778 during the American Revolution.Monday, 01 October 2018NASA Sees Climate Cooling Trend Thanks to Low Sun ActivityWritten by James MurphyThe climate alarmists just can’t catch a break. NASA is reporting that the sun is entering one of the deepest Solar Minima of the Space Age; and Earth’s atmosphere is responding in kind.So, start pumping out that CO2, everyone. We’re going to need all the greenhouse gases we can get.“We see a cooling trend,” said Martin Mlynczak of NASA’s Langley Research Center. “High above Earth’s surface, near the edge of space, our atmosphere is losing heat energy. If current trends continue, it could soon set a Space Age record for cold.”The new data is coming from NASA’s Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry or SABER instrument, which is onboard the space agency’s Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. SABER monitors infrared radiation from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO), two substances that play a vital role in the energy output of our thermosphere, the very top level of our atmosphere.“The thermosphere always cools off during Solar Minimum. It’s one of the most important ways the solar cycle affects our planet,” said Mlynczak, who is the associate principal investigator for SABER.Who knew that that big yellow ball of light in the sky had such a big influence on our climate?There’s a bit of good news in all of this. When the thermosphere cools, it literally shrinks, therefore reducing aerodynamic drag on satellites in low Earth orbit. In effect, the shrinking thermosphere increases a satellite’s lifetime.But that appears to be where the good news ends, unless you prefer cold weather and increased space junk. “The bad news,” according to Dr. Tony Phillips, editor of SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids, is: “It also delays the natural decay of space junk, resulting in a more cluttered environment around Earth.”Mlynczak and his colleagues have created the Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI), which measures how much NO is dumped from the Thermosphere into outer space. During Solar Maximum the TCI number is very high. At times of Solar Minimum, TCI is low.“Right now, (TCI) is very low indeed,” said Mlynczak. “SABER is currently measuring 33 billion Watts of infrared power from NO. That’s ten times smaller than we see during more active phases of the solar cycle."SABER has been in orbit for only 17 years, but Mlynczak and the scientists at NASA’s Langley Research Center have been able to recreate TCI measurements back to the 1940s. “SABER taught us how to do this by revealing how TCI depends on other variables such as geomagnetic activity and the sun’s UV output — things that have been measured for decades,” said Mlynczak.In fact, TCI numbers now, in the closing months of 2018, are very close to setting record lows since measurements began. “We’re not quite there yet,” Mlynczak reports. “but it could happen in a matter of months.”The new NASA findings are in line with studies released by UC-San Diego and Northumbria University in Great Britain last year, both of which predict a Grand Solar Minimum in coming decades due to low sunspot activity. Both studies predicted sun activity similar to the Maunder Minimum of the mid-17th to early 18th centuries, which coincided to a time known as the Little Ice Age, during which temperatures were much lower than those of today.If all of this seems as if NASA is contradicting itself, you’re right — sort of. After all, NASA also reported last week that Arctic sea ice was at its sixth lowest level since measuring began. Isn’t that a sure sign of global warming?All any of this “proves” is that we have, at best, a cursory understanding of Earth’s incredibly complex climate system. So when mainstream media and carbon-credit salesman Al Gore breathlessly warn you that we must do something about climate change, it’s all right to step back, take a deep breath, and realize that we don’t have the knowledge, skill or resources to have much effect on the Earth’s climate. God — and that big yellow ball of light in the sky — have much more impact on our climate than we ever could.James Matkin • 6 months agoThe earth is actually cooling and NASA grudgingly begins to admit reality over the fiction of failed computer modelling by the iPCC. So much waste and damage from the futile attempt to reduce our Co2 emissions for a colder climate. The climate alarmists have ignored solar natural variability not because of the science but because of their left wing economic agenda. They have ignored leading science papers like the 400 page study THE NEGLECTED SUN Why the Sun Precludes Climate Catastrophe, by Professor Fritz Vahreholt and Dr. Sebastian Luning. This study demonstrates that "the critical cause of global temperature change has been, and continues to be, the sun's activity." As NASA admits the sun is in a cooling phase and the solar cycles make impossible "the catastrophic prospects put forward by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the alarmist agenda dominant in contemporary Western politics."https://www.thenewamerican.com/tech/environment/item/30214-nasa-sees-climate-cooling-trend-thanks-to-low-sun-activityDon’t Tell Anyone, But We Just Had Two Years Of Record-Breaking Global CoolingInconvenient Science: NASA data show that global temperatures dropped sharply over the past two years. Not that you’d know it, since that wasn’t deemed news. Does that make NASA a global warming denier?Writing in Real Clear Markets, Aaron Brown looked at the official NASA global temperature data and noticed something surprising. From February 2016 to February 2018, “global average temperatures dropped by 0.56 degrees Celsius.” That, he notes, is the biggest two-year drop in the past century.“The 2016-2018 Big Chill,” he writes, “was composed of two Little Chills, the biggest five-month drop ever (February to June 2016) and the fourth biggest (February to June 2017). A similar event from February to June 2018 would bring global average temperatures below the 1980s average.”Isn’t this just the sort of man-bites-dog story that the mainstream media always says is newsworthy? In this case, it didn’t warrant any news coverage*WINTERS ARE LONGER, COLDER WITH MUCH MORE SNOWWINTER COMES EARLY DOWN UNDER: EARLIEST RECORDED SNOWFALL IN WESTERN AUSTRALIADate: 20/04/19ABC NewsIt is the earliest recorded snow event in the state’s history.Western Australia’s south-west received an unexpected surprise on Good Friday, with snowfall on Bluff Knoll in the Stirling Ranges.A flurry was recorded on the peak, the highest point in the Stirling Ranges, about 100 kilometres north of Albany, after 2:00pm on Friday.It is the earliest recorded snow eventin a calendar year in the state’s history.The last recorded fall before this time was April 20, 1970, according to Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) records.Dozens of hikers made the trek up the 1099-metre tall Bluff Knoll on Friday, which generally records light snow a couple of times each winter but rarely in April.Winter comes early down under: Earliest recorded snowfall in Western Australia - The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF)Snow accumulation data shows massive increase.Svensmark: “Global Warming Stopped And A Cooling Is Beginning” – “Enjoy Global Warming While It Lasts”Published on June 1, 2016Written by Henrik SvensmarkThe star that keeps us alive has, over the last few years, been almost free of sunspots, which are the usual signs of the Sun’s magnetic activity. Last week [4 September 2009] the scientific team behind the satellite SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) reported, “It is likely that the current year’s number of blank days will be the longest in about 100 years.” Everything indicates that the Sun is going into some kind of hibernation, and the obvious question is what significance that has for us on Earth.If you ask the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which represents the current consensus on climate change, the answer is a reassuring “nothing”. But history and recent research suggest that is probably completely wrong. Why? Let’s take a closer look.Solar activity has always varied. Around the year 1000, we had a period of very high solar activity, which coincided with the Medieval Warm Period. It was a time when frosts in May were almost unknown – a matter of great importance for a good harvest. Vikings settled in Greenland and explored the coast of North America. On the whole it was a good time. For example, China’s population doubled in this period.But after about 1300 solar activity declined and the world began to get colder. It was the beginning of the episode we now call the Little Ice Age. In this cold time, all the Viking settlements in Greenland disappeared. Sweden surprised Denmark by marching across the ice, and in London the Thames froze repeatedly. But more serious were the long periods of crop failures, which resulted in poorly nourished populations, reduced in Europe by about 30 per cent because of disease and hunger.It’s important to realise that the Little Ice Age was a global event. It ended in the late 19th Century and was followed by increasing solar activity. Over the past 50 years solar activity has been at its highest since the medieval warmth of 1000 years ago. But now it appears that the Sun has changed again and is returning towards what solar scientists call a “grand minimum” such as we saw in the Little Ice Age.The match between solar activity and climate through the ages is sometimes explained away as coincidence. Yet it turns out that, almost no matter when you look and not just in the last 1000 years, there is a link. Solar activity has repeatedly fluctuated between high and low during the past 10,000 years. In fact the Sun spent about 17 per cent of those 10,000 years in a sleeping mode, with a cooling Earth the result.You may wonder why the international climate panel IPCC does not believe that the Sun’s changing activity affects the climate. The reason is that it considers only changes in solar radiation. That would be the simplest way for the Sun to change the climate – a bit like turning up and down the brightness of a light bulb.Satellite measurements have shown that the variations of solar radiation are too small to explain climate change. But the panel has closed its eyes to another, much more powerful way for the Sun to affect Earth’s climate. In 1996 we discovered a surprising influence of the Sun – its impact on Earth’s cloud cover. High-energy accelerated particles coming from exploded stars, the cosmic rays, help to form clouds.When the Sun is active, its magnetic field is better at shielding us against the cosmic rays coming from outer space, before they reach our planet. By regulating the Earth’s cloud cover, the Sun can turn the temperature up and down. High solar activity means fewer clouds and and a warmer world. Low solar activity and poorer shielding against cosmic rays result in increased cloud cover and hence a cooling. As the Sun’s magnetism doubled in strength during the 20th century, this natural mechanism may be responsible for a large part of global warming seen then.That also explains why most climate scientists try to ignore this possibility. It does not favour their idea that the 20th century temperature rise was mainly due to human emissions of CO2. If the Sun provoked a significant part of warming in the 20th Century, then the contribution by CO2 must necessarily be smaller.Ever since we put forward our theory in 1996, it has been subjected to very sharp criticism, which is normal in science.First it was said that a link between clouds and solar activity could not be correct, because no physical mechanism was known. But in 2006, after many years of work, we completed experiments at DTU Space that demonstrated the existence of a physical mechanism. The cosmic rays help to form aerosols, which are the seeds for cloud formation.Then came the criticism that the mechanism we found in the laboratory could not work in the real atmosphere, and therefore had no practical significance. We have just rejected that criticism emphatically.It turns out that the Sun itself performs what might be called natural experiments. Giant solar eruptions can cause the cosmic ray intensity on earth to dive suddenly over a few days. In the days following an eruption, cloud cover can fall by about 4 per cent. And the amount of liquid water in cloud droplets is reduced by almost 7 per cent. Here is a very large effect – indeed so great that in popular terms the Earth’s clouds originate in space.So we have watched the Sun’s magnetic activity with increasing concern, since it began to wane in the mid-1990s.That the Sun might now fall asleep in a deep minimum was suggested by solar scientists at a meeting in Kiruna in Sweden two years ago. So when Nigel Calder and I updated our book The Chilling Stars, we wrote a little provocatively that “we are advising our friends to enjoy global warming while it lasts.”In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning. Mojib Latif from the University of Kiel argued at the recent UN World Climate Conference in Geneva that the cooling may continue through the next 10 to 20 years. His explanation was a natural change in the North Atlantic circulation, not in solar activity. But no matter how you interpret them, natural variations in climate are making a comeback.The outcome may be that the Sun itself will demonstrate its importance for climate and so challenge the theories of global warming. No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the contrary. And this means that the projections of future climate are unreliable. A forecast saying it may be either warmer or colder for 50 years is not very useful, and science is not yet able to predict solar activity.So in many ways we stand at a crossroads. The near future will be extremely interesting. I think it is important to accept that Nature pays no heed to what we humans think about it. Will the greenhouse theory survive a significant cooling of the Earth? Not in its current dominant form. Unfortunately, tomorrow’s climate challenges will be quite different from the greenhouse theory’s predictions. Perhaps it will become fashionable again to investigate the Sun’s impact on our climate.https://principia-scientific.org/svensmark-global-warming-stopped-and-a-cooling-is-beginning-enjoy-global-warming-while-it-lasts/FLOODING BRINGS FEARS OF THE RETURN OF THE LITTLE ICE AGEAfter the drought the climate became colder and shifted to record rain and flooding.CURRENT ENDLESS RAIN AND FLOODINGHistoric, deadly Midwest floods are worst 'anybody has ever experienced' in some areasDoyle Rice, USA TODAYPublished 2:47 p.m. ET March 15, 2019 | Updated 10:38 p.m. ET March 15, 2019Extreme weather is pummeling the Midwest, and farmers are in deep troubleFor the past five years, the 18 states that produce the majority of the United States’ corn crop had an average of 90 percent of their fields planted by the end of May, according to data released Tuesday by the Agriculture Department. At the same point this year, 58 percent of the corn crop is in the ground. The outlook for soybeans is just as dismal, with 29 percent in the ground compared with 66 percent in years past.In individual states, the gap is even more severe. Just 22 percent of the corn crop had been planted as of May 26 in Culp’s home state of Indiana. Soybeans stood at 11 percent.Pools of water sit in rain-soaked farm fields on May 29 near Gardner, Ill. Near-record rainfall in the state has caused farmers to delay their spring corn planting. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)“Week after week, farmers haven’t been able to get out in the fields to plant corn and soybeans,” said John Newton, chief economist at the American Farm Bureau Federation, noting that this was the worst planting day on record since the USDA began tracking such data in the 1980s. “The frequency of these disasters, I can’t say we’ve experienced anything like this since I’ve been working in agriculture.”https://www.washingtonpost.com/w...Epic And Massive Flooding In Europe During The Little Ice AgePublished on June 24, 2016Written by http://iceagenow.orgKilled more than 500,000 people.1607 Flood In Bristol Channel A Uk Tsunami 1607Andrew McKillop has a new article posted at The Market Oracle. Here are some excerpts.This is the global cooling fearIntense flooding in the low countries of Europe became “darkly repetitive” during the Little Ice Age, writes McKillop. The cooling period lasted 450 years,For the Dutch, the Grote Mandrenke is nothing to do with Linux software, but means “The Great Drowning” and is named for the epic and massive flooding that occurred, more and more frequently in the Low Countries of Europe’s North Sea region as Europe’s Little Ice Age intensified.Grote Mandrenke flood killed at least 100 000Normal or predictable spring and autumn flooding was increasingly replaced by large-area and intense flooding, sometimes outside spring and autumn from about 1300, in recurring crises which lasted into the 18th century. In the Low Countries and across Europe, but also elsewhere, the cooling trend starting in the late 13th century became more intense. It brought long cold winters, heavy storms and floods, loss of coastal farmlands, and huge summer sandstorms in coastal areas further damaging agriculture. Climate historians estimate that major flooding on an unpredictable but increasingly frequent basis started as early as 1250. Extreme events like the Grote Mandrenke flood of 1362 which killed at least 100 000 people became darkly repetitive.Other giant floods probably killed 400 000Other giant floods in the region through the next 200 years probably killed a total of 400 000 persons in the coastlands of what is now Belgium, Germany and Holland. At the time, Europe’s population was at most a quarter of today’s, meaning that corrected for population size these were really catastrophic disasters. During this time, the Zuider Zee region of northern Holland was inundated and its former farmlands disappeared under water – for several centuries.Crop failures and faminesThe basic reasons was that the weather was getting colder, as well as more unpredictable. As the climate cooled, it also became wetter. Combined with the cold, this caused more crop failures and famines spread as the northern limit of farming retreated south. The start of the cooling – called Europe’s Little Ice Age by glaciologist Francois Matthes in 1939 – in the 13th century was in fact the start of a long, sometimes steep dip in temperatures that held sway on an unpredictable, on-and-off basis until at least the first decade of the 19th century. Overall, the cooling lasted about 450 years.Preceded by more than two centuries of much warmer more predictable weatherMaking things worse, the cooling had been preceded by more than two centuries of much warmer and better, more predictable weather. Farming moved northwards, seasons were predictable, food supplies had expanded. Europe’s population also grew, in some regions tripling in 200 years. The colonization of Greenland, which failed when the cooling intensified, was a well-known historical spinoff from the previous warming, but by the 16th century there was no trace of Europeans in Greenland. Only ruins of their farms and homes could be found, but with few or no tombstones dated beyond the early 15th century, leading to the theory that these early “Climate Refugees” packed their longboats and sailed south, to what is now the New England coast. Where they became easy prey for American Indian tribes along those coasts.And as more evidence shows that the Medieval Warm Period was no isolated event in Europe but was a global phenomenon, McKillop’s analysis takes on more immediate relevance:The climate historian Hubert H. Lamb in his 2002 book ‘Climate History and the Modern World’ dates the cooling to two main phases. The first leg of this change he places at about 1200-1400, but his second phase of about 1500-1825 which for some climate historians is Europe’s Little Ice Age, was marked by much steeper drops in average temperatures. Indicators used by Lamb and other climate historians like Emmanuel Leroy Ladrie and Wolfgang Behringer include food price peaks as cold summers followed cold and wet springs, with increasing examples of “climate wars”, such as Louis X’s Flanders campaign where the climate chilling was a sure factor in play.I fear that we’re headed into such a period of great cooling and repetitive catastrophic flooding right now.This while our leaders prattle on about global warming, leaving us almost totally unprepared.Andrew McKillop is former chief policy analyst, Division A Policy, DG XVII Energy, European Commission, and co-author of ‘The Doomsday Machine’, Palgrave Macmillan USA, 2012McKillop has more than 30 years experience in the energy, economic and finance domains. Trained at London UK’s University College, he has had specially long experience of energy policy, project administration and the development and financing of alternate energy. This included his role of in-house Expert on Policy and Programming at the DG XVII-Energy of the European Commission, Director of Information of the OAPEC technology transfer subsidiary, AREC and researcher for UN agencies including the ILO.Epic and massive flooding in Europe during the Little Ice Age | PSI IntlAt least 86 dead after floods and rains wreak havoc across Middle East and AsiaHeavy rains and melting snow combine to wreak havoc in Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, and SyriaBorzou DaragahiInternational Correspondent @borzouMonday 1 April 2019 15:04The IndependentFloods and heavy rains across four countries have left at least 86 people dead, displaced tens of thousands, and added fresh misery to people in impoverished rural areas long suffering from drought.Unusually heavy rains mixed with melting mountain snows and struck parched lands unable to absorb water with disastrous results in Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria.Some 400 villages and towns across 15 Iranian provinces have been flooded following weeks of torrential downpours, said Iran’s interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani-Fazli on Monday, as more rains were predicted for the next two days.At least 44 people have been killed in heavy rains and flooding that have battered Iran, with tens of thousands of families displaced.Flooding of Europe continuesFlooding spread further through east Germany today, leaving emergency crews scrounging for sandbags to shore up crumbling dikes as the country faced its biggest relief effort since World War II.In Hungary, the Danube River peaked at a historic high in Budapest without causing major flooding after relief workers spent a frantic night bolstering dikes. The capital's high flood walls, built at the turn of the last century, held off the floodwater in the city center, though one barrier gave way in a northern suburb.The Czech Republic, facing a staggering cleanup bill after nearly two weeks of devastating flooding, said it is reconsidering plans to buy 24 new air force fighter jets. Heavy flood damage "has changed priorities for everyone," Defence Ministry spokesman Milan Repka said in Prague.Europe is wrestling with the aftermath of violent storms that swept the continent two weeks ago. German authorities reported three more deaths, bringing the Europewide toll to at least 109.Floodwaters have ebbed in Austria and the Czech Republic and also were falling in Dresden, the biggest German city hit so far, allowing the start of a massive cleanup and rebuilding operation expected to cost some 20 billion euros Europewide.Weather forecasts for Germany and central Europe called for generally dry weather in the next few days, though rain was forecast for western Hungary.Under sunny summer skies today, thousands of emergency workers, soldiers and volunteers still worked nonstop to pile tons of sandbags onto sodden dikes along Germany's Elbe and Mulde rivers to protect towns along the way.A government relief agency, the Technical Aid Service, said that sand bags were "in short supply" and that Denmark had shipped 650,000 to Germany to help. Italy, France, the Netherlands and other countries have also offered to help, the agency said.Sweeping north toward the North Sea from the hills on the Czech border after record rainfall, high water flooded part of Dessau, a city best known for its Bauhaus modern architecture school.The two rivers converge there, and military helicopters dumped sand on the dikes to strengthen them.Upriver, the Elbe forced workers to retreat after bursting its banks in seven places Sunday near Wittenberg, the town where Martin Luther launched the Reformation in 1517. But officials said the old town was not under immediate threat.Rescuers used boats on ropes to pull people trapped in their homes to safety and scoured outlying villages in the darkness to evacuate stragglers.More than 80,000 people have been evacuated across the region.In Dresden, where expensively restored monuments such as the Semper Opera and Zwinger Palace museum were partly flooded, officials said some residents may be allowed to return home.Further north, the city of Magdeburg began to move people out as the Elbe's crest surged toward the North Sea. The river is expected to threaten there in the next few days.In Budapest, 10-metre high flood ramparts in the center of town kept the Danube at bay. The river peaked at a level of 8.49 metres early today, a touch over the previous record set in 1965, then began falling, said Tibor Dobson, a spokesman for Hungary's national disaster relief office."Our main concern now is to ensure that waste from the city's sewers does not cause any problems or enter the water supply," Dobson said.Most evacuated towns in Hungary lie north of Budapest. A few areas in the southern part of the capital also were evacuated - areas where the flood walls don't rise as high as in the city center.The government postponed an annual fireworks ceremony scheduled for Aug. 20, or St. Stephen's Day, which commemorates the king who founded Hungary 1,000 years ago."It would be unbecoming to celebrate with fireworks in a situation where tens of thousands are working on the dams," Prime Minister Peter Medgyessy said after the meeting.Szodliget, a village 30 kilometres north of Budapest, road posts barely stuck out above the muddy floodwater. But resident Janos Koros, 43, was counting his blessings."On the whole, I think we have gotten off pretty lightly," he said. "Compared with what I've seen of Prague and Dresden on television, this is just a tiny rain drop."Flooding of Europe continuesMay 22, 2019Flooding, thunderstorms to threaten millions across central and eastern Europe into midweekBy Eric Leister, AccuWeather senior meteorologistNEXT UPHail, hail as far as the eye can seeA slow-moving storm system brought deadly flooding to Germany and more dangerous weather is possible across central and eastern Europe through Wednesday.Torrential downpours brought widespread rainfall of 50-100 mm (2-4 inches) to southern Germany from Monday into early Tuesday.The heavy rainfall triggered flooding and dangerous driving conditions which claimed the life of a motorist that skidded off a roadway in Bavaria.Several roadways were closed due to flooding throughout southern Germany from Monday into Tuesday.As the storm spins over Poland, the heaviest rainfall will shift from Germany into western Poland into Wednesday. Rainfall will taper off during the day across southern and eastern Germany."Some roadways may be closed due to flooding," said AccuWeather Meteorologist Tyler Roys. "When you see a flooded roadway, always turn around."Farther east, thunderstorms will be a threat from eastern Poland and the Baltic states to the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine on Wednesday.https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/flooding-thunderstorms-to-threaten-millions-across-central-and-eastern-europe-into-midweek/70008318Cars make their way through a flooded road near Marquartstein, Germany, Tuesday, May 21, 2019. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)A few locations from Ukraine to the Baltic states will endure severe thunderstorms Wednesday afternoon and evening.These storms will be capable of producing blinding downpours, localized flash flooding and damaging winds."There will also be a risk for thunderstorms capable of producing damaging hail in Poland on Wednesday," added Roys.UK Floods, Worst Flooding Since 2007, Extreme Weather Global Weirding?Politics / Environmental IssuesNov 25, 2012 - 05:58 AM GMTBy: Nadeem_WalayatUK weather forecast: Met Office issues flood warnings as heavy thunderstorms lash BritainLincolnshire has already seen around 225 Olympic-sized swimming pools’ worth of water pumped out to sea following severe flooding last weekCorazon Miller @c0ra_z0nWednesday 19 June 2019 08:58Click to followThe IndependentRain, hail and lighting is expected to hit already-flooded parts of the UK bringing a renewed risk of floods, power cuts and travel disruptions.Tuesday saw torrential rain and thunderstorms lash the country – with the worst hit areas in the southeast suffering power cuts and severe flooding.Today, the Met Office has issued a yellow weather warning, with thunderstorms forecast to linger until later this evening around many of the same areas.The flood-hit community of Wainfleet in Lincolnshire is within the Met Office’s warning area, but forecasters are optimistic the town will escape the worst of today’s storms.Meteorologist Alex Burkill said: “A few showers are possible there, but it doesn’t look like it’s going to bear the brunt of the heavy downpours.”00:03 / 00:30UK weather: Flooding after month's worth of rainfall in 24 hoursShow all 13The town has already seen around 225 Olympic-sized swimming pools’ worth of water pumped out to sea following severe flooding last week.Around 350 tonnes of sand and ballast were dropped in the area by RAF Chinook helicopters over the weekend.A garden submerged by floodwater in Wainfleet, where streets and properties flooded after the town had more than two months of rain in just two days (PA)On Tuesday, Lincolnshire Police said almost 600 homes remained evacuated as the clean-up operation continued.Watch moreNew flood threat to Wainfleet following hundreds of evacuationsHomes were left without power and roads were flooded in parts of the southeast, while Lenham in Kent saw 42mm of rain in the space of just one hour.The Met Office said the deluge in the village, which lies between Maidstone and Ashford, came between 11pm on Tuesday and midnight.Images and video on social media captured spectacular lightning in the skies over the region, while Kent Police’s Roads Policing Unit tweeted that the lightning was “very active”.Eastbourne in East Sussex is said to have seen about 1,000 lightning strikes in an hour.Rescue workers in Wainfleet after the River Steeping breached its banks (PA)Other parts of the country will see a much brighter day on Wednesday, with sunshine expected in Scotland and Northern Ireland.The rest of England and Wales could see a damp start, before things brighten up later in the day.The weekend is also set to bring some respite from the recent downpours, with temperatures rising to as high as 23C (73F).Additional reporting by Press AssociationClimate change hoax COLLAPSES as new science finds human activity has virtually zero impact on global temperatures07/12/2019 / By Mike AdamsThe climate change hoax has collapsed. A devastating series of research papers has just been published, revealing that human activity can account for no more than a .01°C rise in global temperatures, meaning that all the human activity targeted by radical climate change alarmists — combustion engines, airplane flights, diesel tractors — has virtually no measurable impact on the temperature of the planet.Finnish scientists spearheaded the research, releasing a paper entitled, “No Experimental Evidence for the Significant Anthropogenic Climate Change.”The paper explains that IPCC analysis of global temperatures suffers from a glaring error — namely, failure to account for “influences of low cloud cover” and how it impacts global temperatures. Natural variations in low cloud cover, which are strongly influenced by cosmic radiation’s ability to penetrate Earth’s atmosphere due to variations in the strength of our planet’s magnetosphere, account for nearly all changes in global temperature, the researchers explain.As this chart reveals, more cloud cover is inversely related to temperature. In other words, clouds shield the surface of the Earth from the sun, providing shade cover cooling, while a lack of clouds results in more warming:Cloud cover accounts for the real changes in global temperaturesThis is further supported by researchers at Kobe University in Japan who published a nearly simultaneous paper that reveals how changes in our planet’s magnetic field govern the intensity of solar radiation that reaches the lower atmosphere, causing cloud formation that alters global temperatures.That study, published in Nature, is called, “Intensified East Asian winter monsoon during the last geomagnetic reversal transition.” It states:Records of suborbital-scale climate variation during the last glacial and Holocene periods can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of rapid climate changes… At least one event was associated with a decrease in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. Thus, climate records from the MIS 19 interglacial can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of a variety of climate changes, including testing the effect of changes in geomagnetic dipole field strength on climate through galactic cosmic ray (GCR)-induced cloud formation…In effect, cosmic rays which are normally deflected via the magnetosphere are, in times of weak or changing magnetic fields emanating from Earth itself, able to penetrate further into Earth’s atmosphere, causing the formation of low-level clouds which cover the land in a kind of “umbrella effect” that shades the land from the sun, allowing cooling to take place. But a lack of clouds makes the surface hotter, as would be expected. This natural phenomenon is now documented to be the primary driver of global temperatures and climate, not human activity.Climate change hoax COLLAPSES as new science finds human activity has virtually zero impact on global temperaturesNB GREENHOUSE GASES ARE NOT MAKING THE CLIMATE HOTTER AS THE THEORY IS FALSE. MANY STUDIES DEMOLISH THE RADICAL GHG HYPOTHESIS.The Refutation of the Climate Greenhouse Theory and a Proposal for a Hopeful AlternativeThomas Allmendinger*Glattbrugg/Zürich, Switzerland*Corresponding author: Thomas Allmendinger, CH-8152 Glattbrugg/Zürich, Switzerland, Tel: +41 44 810 17 33; E mail: [email protected] March 14, 2017; Accepted April 12, 2017; Published April 18, 2017 Citation: Thomas Allmendinger (2017) The Refutation of the Climate GreenhouseTheory and a Proposal for a Hopeful Alternative. Environment Pollution Climate Change 1: 123.‘Environment Pollution and Climate Change’ is an international, open access research journal that convers several problems, associated risks, remediation methods and techniques pertaining to air, water, soil, noise, thermal, radioactive and light pollutions and climate change. This peer reviewed journal reports original and novel research observations in regard to environmental pollution and climate change thereby contributing to the new knowledge addition in the field.AbstractIn view of the global acceptance and the political relevance of the climate greenhouse theory–or rather philosophy- it appeared necessary to deliver a synoptic presentation enabling a detailed exemplary refutation. It focuses the foundations of the theory assuming that a theory cannot be correct when its foundations are not correct. Thus, above all, a critical historical review is made. As a spin-off of this study, the Lambert-Beer law is questioned suggesting an alternative approach. Moreover, the Stefan-Boltzmann law is relativized revealing the different characters of the two temperature terms. But in particular, the author’s recently published own work is quoted revealing novel measurement methods and yielding several crucial arguments, while finally an empiric proof is presented.The cardinal error in the usual greenhouse theory consists in the assumption that photometric or spectroscopic IR-measurements allow conclusions about the thermal behaviour of gases, i.e., of the atmosphere. They trace back to John Tyndall who developed such a photometric method already in the 19th century. However, direct thermal measurement methods have never been applied so far. Apart from this, at least twenty crucial errors are revealed which suggest abandoning the theory as a whole.In spite of its obvious deficiencies, this theory has so far been an obstacle to take promising precautions for mitigating the climate change. They would consist in a general brightening of the Earth surface, and in additional measures being related to this. However, the novel effects which were found by the author, particularly the absorption of incident solar-light by the atmosphere as well as its absorption capability of thermal radiation, cannot be influenced by human acts. But their discovery may contribute to a better understanding of the atmospheric processes.Summary and ConclusionIn fact, it would be feasible to refute the climate greenhouse theory already by some simple arguments: The fact, that the atmospheric carbon-dioxide has increased while the average global temperature has increased, too, does not at all reveal a causal relationship but solely an analogous one. Moreover, a greenhouse needs a solid transparent roof which is absent in the case of the atmosphere. And finally, it seems unlikely that the extremely low carbon-dioxide concentration of 0.04 percent is able to co-warm the entire atmosphere to a perceptible extent.(Heat power 37.1 W, initial temperature 23.5°, pressure ca. 1032 hPa, humidity 45-55%)Figure 35: Limiting temperatures for different gases at different positions, average values of two measurements.However, these arguments are not taken seriously. This theory appears to be well-founded and untouchable. It is accepted by thousands of scientists, and numerous professional publications exist which guarantee the correctness of this theory. It cannot be that it is false.But the present treatise reveals yes, it can!It is hard to believe: But at least twenty objections could be alleged to question and refute the climate greenhouse theory, which may be characterized as a huge accumulation of theoretic constructs being opposed to a poor empiric foundation. Its main deficiency consists in the never verified assumption that within a gas the absorbed thermal radiation would entirely be transformed into heat. Further common misconceptions arise from the concept that the whole atmosphere is responsible for the Earth temperature, instead of its lowest layer being relevant for our perception of climate, and from the negligence of the boundary processes between Earth’s surface and atmosphere, in particular regarding the colour-dependent temperature of the surface material. Finally, the assumption is abstruse that the atmosphere behaves as a black body. Besides, and as a spin-off of this study, the Lambert-Beer law was questioned suggesting an alternative approach. Furthermore, and in particular, the Stefan-Boltzmann relation was relativized revealing the different characters of the two temperature terms.But this treatise is not confined to a mere critique. It rather presents a variety of recently published results which are based on novel thermal measuring methods using simple but adequate materials, and being consistent with basic physical laws. In any case, limiting temperatures were reached. Firstly, the solar reflective characterization of solid opaque materials is considered, delivering a direct measuring method for the solar reflection coefficient. Moreover, the cooling-down behaviour of solid bodies is studied. Secondly, the discovery of the near-infrared absorption by gases is reported which is relevant for the incident solar radiation. Surprisingly, and contrary to any former knowledge, any gas is warmed up, while the difference between air and pure carbon- dioxide is minor-that which delivers the first empirical evidence that «greenhouse gases» do not exist. The second and definite evidence is delivered by the here first mentioned warming-up experiments of air and of pure carbon-dioxide in the presence of thermal radiation, which even revealed a temperature reduction by carbon-dioxide, apart from the fact that the carbon-dioxide content of the air is so low that it can be neglected.As a consequence, it is absolutely certain that the atmospheric temperature is not at all influenced by trace gases such as carbon- dioxide. On the contrary, the Earth surface represents the governing factor affecting the climate considerably, in particular due to its colouring. Hence this entails the only option to influence the climate by taking human measures while the radiative behaviour of the atmosphere cannot be influenced. They would consist in a general brightening of the Earth surface, and in additional measures being related to this. However, so far any really effective measures have been impeded. This passivity is favoured by ever subordinating such measures to the greenhouse proclamation. A typical example for this is given in [47], while its abatement by alleging a global model computation using the greenhouse assumption, as delivered in [48], is even more destructive.Thus, it is high time to realize that each day on which the climate greenhouse theory is maintained, in spite of its here alleged refutation, and hindering any appropriate and effective measures at the Earth surface–particularly in cities, is a lost day.Perhaps it will be one lost day too many...https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-refutation-of-the-climate-greenhouse-theory-and-a-proposal-for-ahopeful-alternative.pdfGERMAN CLIMATE RESEARCH PAPERFalsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of PhysicsGerhard Gerlich, Ralf D. Tscheuschner(Submitted on 8 Jul 2007 (v1), last revised 4 Mar 2009 (this version, v4))The atmospheric greenhouse effect, an idea that many authors trace back to the traditional works of Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), and Arrhenius (1896), and which is still supported in global climatology, essentially describes a fictitious mechanism, [Emphasis added] in which a planetary atmosphere acts as a heat pump driven by an environment that is radiatively interacting with but radiatively equilibrated to the atmospheric system. According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist. Nevertheless, in almost all texts of global climatology and in a widespread secondary literature it is taken for granted that such mechanism is real and stands on a firm scientific foundation. In this paper the popular conjecture is analyzed, and the underlying physical principles are clarified. By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 degrees Celsius is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified.115 pages, 32 figures, 13 tables (some typos corrected)Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (http://physics.ao-ph)Journal reference: Int.J.Mod.Phys.B23:275-364,2009DOI: 10.1142/S021797920904984XCite as: arXiv:0707.1161 [http://physics.ao-ph](or arXiv:0707.1161v4 [http://physics.ao-ph] for this version)PEER REVIEWIzvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics is a peer reviewed journal. We use a double blind peer review format. Our team of reviewers includes 75 reviewers, both internal and external (90%). The average period from submission to first decision in 2017 was 30 days, and that from first decision to acceptance was 30 days. The rejection rate for submitted manuscripts in 2017 was 20%. The final decision on the acceptance of an article for publication is made by the Editorial BoardCONCLUSION