Family Reunion Letter Pdf: Fill & Download for Free

A lot of people are going to jump on here and say that it doesn’t. Don’t listen to them. Usually, they even haven’t done it themselves, or have tired and been rejected (or faced silence with no response).I’m coming from 20 years of experience in the industry on both sides of the table.On one side, studio development — where I often had to field submissions (many cold-queries) before doing my work as a script reader-story analyst.On the other side of the table, a produced, distributed, and working screenwriter — where I often took shots in the dark with cold-querying (email) production companies, development executives, etc.Many of my networking successes came from cold-query emails that led to script requests AND industry meetings.It’s all about HOW you do it.And it’s also about altering your expectations and being ready for rejection and silence.The more shots you take in the dark, the better the odds of hitting the target successfully.1 out of 100 is better than none out of never.So, let’s talk about HOW you should do it. And it starts with the age-old query letter.QUERY LETTERAh, the query letter. A novice screenwriter’s first line of contact with the powers that be. Many approach writing them with trepidation and insecurity, thinking that if they write too little, too much, or the wrong things, it could mean the very end of their screenwriting hopes and dreams before they even really have a chance to get started — that’s the mindset of a writer at least.However, it’s not as complicated as screenwriters make it out to be.Here are some pointers and directives for writing the perfect query letter. These are proven methods from the perspective of a screenwriter (me) seeing success as a result of the implementation and from the perspective of an assistant, intern, or powers that be receiving them. And they are also proven methods that worked effectively while I was fielding such submissions during my work in development.1. No Snail MailFirst and foremost, don’t send paper query letters through the mail. Generally speaking, they will often be ignored and thrown away.In this day and age, for query letters, email is the primary form of communication, and the content should be within the body of an email, not as an attached document. Email is easy to discard, easy to file, easy to access, and easy to reply to. We live in a digital world, and it’s time to accept that if you haven’t already.And yes, you’d be surprised how many industry insiders answer their own emails.2. Send Them to the Right PeopleYou have to do your homework. You have to be an excellent researcher. The worst thing that you can do is blanket-send your query to all of the major production, management, and agency companies. That will do you no good.Sign up to IMDBPro, look up movies that fall under the same genre and scope, and approach those production companies and the representation that represents those writers.Read the trades (The Hollywood Reporter, Variety, Deadline) to familiarize yourself with the movers and shakers in the film and television industry. You’ll often learn a lot about who is buying and developing what.3. Address Them to Individuals, Not “To Whom It May Concern”One of the most common mistakes screenwriters make is using the same query content and starting with To Whom It May Concern. It’s impersonal and shows a lack of effort on your part.That said, when you do address a particular person, make sure you spell their name correctly.Hollywood is also fairly informal. Use “John” rather than “Mr. Doe.” While this can be handled on a case-by-case basis, depending upon the stature of the individual you’re addressing, experience has shown that using first names blends in better with their daily interactions4. It’s Not About You, It’s About Your ScriptAvoid going into depth about yourself. It’s awkward to read and awkward to respond to.Everyone in Hollywood loves movies. Most have wanted to work in movies since they were kids. Most have struggled to break through the Hollywood walls. This isn’t news to anyone. Thus it’s a waste of space.Hollywood is a fast-paced environment and all-too-often the powers that be don’t have time for those trying to pull their heartstrings.Beyond that, if you have film or television industry credits or work history, by all means, make mention of them briefly, but anything beyond that just isn’t necessary.Lastly, if you don’t live in the Los Angeles area, make no mention of that initially. If you go on and on about how you’re living in the Midwest (or anywhere else) and long to work in the film industry one day as a screenwriter, you’ll likely shoot yourself in the foot from the get-go. The powers that be, and their underlings, are looking for a reason to say no due to the many submissions they get. Don’t give them that opportunity or excuse. Let them fall for your concept first.5. Be Informal, But Not TOO InformalYou want to blend into their normal daily correspondence as much as possible. There’s nothing worse than a wooden message with overly articulated sentences and unnecessary vocabulary enhancement. Those types of emails stand out like a sore thumb and they reek of desperation. Keep it simple.While many screenwriters make the mistake of being too formal, others take informal to an uncomfortable extreme.“What’s up my brother?”“’Sup John?”“I’m just trying to make it happen, man. Help me out?”Don’t be that informal.“Hi” and “Hello” are good openers. “Hey” can be played with on a case-by-case basis.You basically want to approach them in a casual business sense, as one would in a day job correspondence within an office environment.That said…6. Don’t Tell JokesWhen some screenwriters grasp the fact that you don’t want to sound too wooden and boring, they sometimes feel that humor is the answer, thus they waste 2-3 sentences telling a funny anecdote. Avoid that at all costs.7. Get to the PointOpen with a brief sentence introducing yourself and why you are contacting them. Tell them that you hope the day or week is going well. Then go directly into your logline.8. The Logline is EverythingConcept is everything in Hollywood. Your logline is your selling point. In the end, that is all that will matter to the powers that be when they read that email query.Ken Miyamoto's answer to What are the best ways to write a compelling logline for your screenplay? in The Tao of ScreenwritingYou can also find loglines for any existing movies on IMDB.It doesn’t matter what genre you’re writing in. These loglines need to give a clear and concise view of what your project is and what the appeal may be.A quirky family determined to get their young daughter into the finals of a beauty pageant take a cross-country trip in their VW bus. (Little Miss Sunshine)A group of seven former college friends gather for a weekend reunion at a South Carolina winter house after the funeral of one of their friends. (The Big Chill)A man creates a strange system to help him remember things so he can hunt for the murderer of his wife without his short-term memory loss being an obstacle. (Memento)A thief who steals corporate secrets through the use of the dream-sharing technology is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. (Inception)When a teenage girl is possessed by a mysterious entity, her mother seeks the help of two priests to save her daughter. (The Exorcist)A fast track lawyer can’t lie for 24 hours due to his son’s birthday wish after the lawyer turns his son down for the last time. (Liar Liar)Write some amazing loglines that get to the core of the concept and engage the reader.9. It’s Jurassic World Meets Star WarsFollow your logline with a comparison of two or more films. This places your concept into a certain context that the powers that be can understand quickly.Be sure to use successful examples, mind you. You can’t sell the genre and tone of your script well with It’s Showgirls Meets Battlefield Earth. You need to use solid examples of successful or critically heralded films, and you need to be sure that you’re being fully honest and humble as well. It would be tough to live up to It’s Citizen Kane meets Casablanca.10. Confidence NOT ArroganceYes, the powers that be want confident writers that they can trust to write great material. What they don’t want is arrogance. There is a difference.“Your company needs a script like this.”“This is the next Best Picture.”“This script has Oscar-worthy roles.”“Hollywood needs a script like this.”“There’s a lot of big people in Hollywood interested in this so you should jump on it quick.”These are all terrible one-liners that everyone in the film and television industry has read and quickly discarded. Don’t be the next to write them because it will mean instant rejection.11. Email Subject HeadingThis is probably one of the most important elements, believe it or not, because that’s the first thing the powers that be will see. Thus, what you don’t want to do is have the email scream amateur.“Looking to sell my script.”“Script for consideration.”“Looking for a producer for my script.”“Representation.”Those, and many other examples, all scream amateur.Again, the trick is to blend into their regular correspondence as much as possible. Subject headings that have worked include:“Johnny Screenwriter” – Just putting your name in the heading forces a click because it could be one of their contacts referencing someone.“Jaws spec” – Using the title of the script, accompanied by an industry term, is also something that forces a click. One could argue that you should use script instead of spec, so as to not scare them away, but you can try both and see what has more success.“Hey Steven” – It’s informal and could be anyone that they know or they’ve come across in the past. One could argue that this is too informal, but it’s worked.12. Utilize Any and All Contacts, No Matter How Many Times RemovedIf you have a connection with them, utilize it. Those are the people you should be going to first. If they know someone you know, that’s your opener right there. If you met them at an event or gathering, start with that. If they are an alumni from your college, “Go Badgers.” If they are from your home town or state, play that up. Who do you know that is working in the business? Who do you know that knows someone that is working in the business? It doesn’t matter how many times removed you are because it’s an opening that you can use to connect with them. It doesn’t always work, but it betters your odds.Ken Miyamoto's answer to How can screenwriters best network with Hollywood insiders? in The Tao of Screenwriting13. Thank Them and Then Leave Them AloneGet out as quickly as you got in and then thank them for their time.If the logline intrigues them and the concept is something that they are looking for, they’ll get back to you. If not, move on.14. Don’t Sit by the Computer WaitingSometimes it doesn’t matter how great your concept is or how great your query may be. The worst thing you can do is obsess and wait by the computer clicking refresh over and over waiting for a response to come in.You have no control over what they want or don’t want. You’re powerless in that respect so how silly would it be to waste your time, energy, and emotions on waiting for a response?Keep grinding on and keep sending those queries out. If you have great concepts, great loglines, and take it to the right people, someone will bite.15. Be Prepared for SuccessBe careful what you wish for, right? All too often, screenwriters are taken by surprise with a reply from the powers that be. Now you have the chance of a lifetime, but perhaps your script isn’t ready? Maybe it’s not correctly saved to PDF format, and your software is out-of-date? Perhaps the script is full of typos and grammatical errors and you haven’t had a chance to proofread it yet?You need to be prepared for success because it will often come when you least expect it.Your script needs to be ready. You shouldn’t be marketing anything that isn’t the best you could possibly make it. And if you really want to be prepared, don’t send out any queries until you have at least three solid scripts because if they like the script you’ve sent, the first question is always, “What else do you have?” If the answer is nothing, then to them you’re not worth the money and risk.So What Does a Perfect Query Letter Look Like?Well, as is always the case in Hollywood, there’s no one road to success. These directives will allow you to better the odds of success, but in the end, it all comes down to being at the right place, at the right time, with the right person that needs or wants what you have.That said, here’s how simple a query letter could be written, with different variations.Example #1Hi Steven,Hope the week is going well. I’ve got a pulse-pounding suspense thriller called Jaws that I think would be great for Amblin.When a great white shark begins to menace the small island community of Amity, a police chief, marine scientist, and grizzled fisherman set out to stop it.It’s The Thing From Another World meets Moby Dick.Would love to have you take a look. Thanks much and let me know.Best,Johnny ScreenwriterExample #2Hi Steven,Hope the week is going well. Johnny Screenwriter here. Your driver George and I are old high school friends. He recommended I contact you for my spec script, Jaws.When a great white shark begins to menace the small island community of Amity, a police chief, marine scientist, and grizzled fisherman set out to stop it.It’s The Thing From Another World meets Moby Dick.Would love to have you take a look. Thanks much and let me know.Best,JohnnyExample #3Hi Steven,Hope the week is going well. I’m a former studio reader for Sony and used to work under John Calley, whom I’m sure you remember.I’ve got a pulse-pounding suspense thriller that I think would be great for Amblin.JawsWhen a great white shark begins to menace the small island community of Amity, a police chief, marine scientist, and grizzled fisherman set out to stop it.It’s The Thing From Another World meets Moby Dick.Would love to have you take a look. Thanks much and let me know.Best,Johnny ScreenwriterNote: I’m being tongue-in-cheek with using Steven Spielberg as an example. Don’t try to contact him or anyone of his stature through email. It won’t happen.Use these examples and the directives mentioned above to take the weight off of your shoulders and realize that query letters don’t have to be a source of trepidation and insecurity.In the end, it’s the concept that will matter. If you have a strong premise portrayed by an engaging logline, and if you market it to the right people, that’s all you need in the end. The rest is out of your control.Sure, the better option for marketing your script is making your own contacts in Hollywood and networking the best you can, but that’s obviously easier said than done.These directives have worked — many times — and you can create your own variations of the above examples. But in the end, just keep it simple. Do your research, feel free to take some shots in the dark, and just keep getting your concepts out there. Your odds of success increase with each and every query you send.Please follow The Tao of Screenwriting for more screenwriting and film industry insights. Ask me questions. Come visit this “dojo” for screenwriting, movie, television, film/TV industry insights, inspiration, writing exercises & best practices, tips, advice, and industry hacks. I’m here to help and share and inspire. This answer was adapted from an article I wrote on ScreenCraft.

What was Steven Biko's impact on the movement to end apartheid in South Africa?Steve Biko was the Black Consciousness Movement philosophical leader who had nothing to do with the negotiations to end Apartheid.Tainted "Hero's"The Apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps - by the then de Klerk (White South African) government.The idea was to hand governance as peacefully as possible, over to the Communist terrorists, in the hope that the SA Communist Party, African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress would cease their violence against other Black non-Communists / non-Socialists (the Inkatha Freedom Party), who were busy being murdered with AK47′s and the Winnie Mandela necklace method, by the SACP/ ANC / PAC terrorists …It was more than IFP versus ANC | The MercurySACP/ ANC /PAC violence …South Africa March 28 1994 Pre-Election Zulu-ANC Violence in JohannesburgThe Inkatha Freedom Party, under the awesome Mangosuthu Buthelezi, wanted the violent SACP/ ANC /PAC terrorists out of negotiations with the peaceful Apartheid regime President, de Klerk.Outrageous claim that Biko wanted to unite with ANC | IOL NewsUnfortunately this ANC Mandela necklacing method, and stonings, against ALL South African ethnicities, has never ceased and still goes on today …Don't support the local, corrupt government? Get hacked to death (Extremely NSFW) - Knowledge GlueThe SACP/ ANC/ PAC, having used devious methods, managed to garner world finance, to unleash their propaganda machines against the peaceful previous government, who then literally signed over the entire country to the terrorist SACP/ African National Congress /ANC terrorist organisation, under duress of sanctions ...These negotiations took place between the governing National Party, and the SACP/ African National Congress.Stephen Biko, (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African nationalist socialist, and his campaign was known as the Black Consciousness Movement during the late 1960s and 1970s.Lovedale School accused Biko, his brother and 50 other students of supporting an organisation affiliated with the banned Pan Africanist Movement (PAC) and he was expelled aged 15. According to his brother, this event politicised Biko.Black Consciousness energised black opposition to the Sharpeville Tragedy which was conveniently blamed on Apartheid by the Communist Socialists ... and helped draw the world’s attention in 1960, when established terrorist movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) were banned by the South African government and went underground.Sharpeville 1960 is held up today as the single biggest “massacre” of blacks by whites during the years of Apartheid. The truth about Sharpeville is actually quite well known for anybody who wants to do the research.Basically about 15,000 Blacks armed with guns, pipes and machetes (pangas) marched on a police station manned by about 300 policemen to “Peacefully” demonstrate against the law of having to carry a passport when visiting or working in South Africa. The march was organised by the Pan African Congress Communist Robert Sobukwe, who in typical cowardly communist fashion used women and children to do his dirty work while he was sitting in a pub in an adjacent town during the events.About fifty policemen, mostly rookies, one of which were in the service for only a month, went outside to meet the crowd. The police officers were given strict orders not to shoot, but nervousness set in and one policeman dropped his weapon and a shot went off. All hell broke loose and the police started firing.69 Blacks died. The official reports states that many were shot in the back. But the journalism have to be brought into question because the bodies photographed had EXIT wounds on their backs where the most blood is shown.Shot in the front, small entry, person runs away and collapses on his stomach, bloody exit wound on his back is photographed by BBC journalists and claim that he was shot in the back... you get the picture.If the police really wanted to commit a “massacre”, they would have shot wildly into the crowd, emptied their magazines and thousands of Blacks would have been killed. The fact that only 69 were killed was a testimony to the discipline and restraint exercised by the policemen.The Sunday night and the Monday morning preceding the “Massacre” the police drove the Blacks back with batons and tear gas, but they still kept coming, at about 13h35 on the Sunday they broke through the gates and their aim was to kill every policeman inside the police station.But what gave the Blacks this courage and confidence to march on a police station and kill everyone inside was an horrific incident that took place about two months before that at Cato Manor.It was a Saturday, 25th of January 1960...A large amount of blacks came to have a family reunion and were getting pissed out of their brackets at a local “Shebeen”, an illegal drinking spot in Cato Manor, Durban.Standard police practice was to set off a 12 man patrol in certain areas and then pick them up with their captives later on.On the watch of a Sergeant Winterboer, he set off a 12 man patrol and arranged to pick them up at later at the premises of a firm called “Benoni Nr 1”.The leader of the patrol was a constable Joubert. The police arrested a man and suddenly was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks who demanded the release of the prisoner. Under the circumstances it would probably have been the best thing to do, but Constable Joubert, who has been a policeman for only 18 months, underestimated the danger.The black women started cheering on their drunken males with their traditional high pitched tongue noises.Constable Joubert’s answer was, “Only over my dead body will I let this prisoner go”.At this point a Black policeman stepped on the foot of a Black woman who started crying and screaming hysterically. Within a few minutes the police patrol was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks armed with Knobkerries and Machetes coming from every surrounding shack and shouting, “Kill the Boers!, Kill the Boers!”. Under a hail of rocks the policemen tried to make their way back to the premises of “Benoni Nr1” where they hoped sergeant Winterboer would be waiting for them, but the Blacks barricaded their retreat.At this time Sergeant Winterboer arrived at the scene, but instead of using his rifle, paniced and ran back to the police station to call on reinforcement.While he was gone, the stone throwing increased on the police patrol and Constable Joubert made his way to a nearby Avocado tree, attempting to climb it and escape the machete wielding mob.Joubert was pulled down and the mob of machete wielding Blacks hacked him to pieces. Two White policemen called Kriel and Rademan and a Black policeman called Dludla also tried to escape the mob. Kriel fought with his bare fists and ran almost a kilometre before he was also hacked to pieces. Rademan heard the cries of his comrade and returned to help and was also hacked to pieces. The Black policeman Dludla tried to Help Rademan and he also was hacked to pieces.The body of another White policeman Gert Rheeder was later retrieved from under a heap of rocks and loaded onto a police truck. When it arrived back at the police station, Police Major, Jerry van der Merwe officially saluted the slain Policeman, at which point an Indian policeman saw the finger of the “corpse” move, his head and his body was reduced to such a bloody mess that his own parents could not even recognise him.Rheeder, survived, but remained for the rest of his life a useless psychological wreck.“So what about the Avocado tree that Joubert tried to climb?” you ask...Well, about a month later...Nine Blacks bought a case of beer at the local Shebeen and parked off under the exact same tree and started drinking, when out of nowhere a lightning bolt hit the tree an killed all nine blacks underneath...Coincidence?...An act of God?....you be the judge.Source: “Verrat an Südafrika”, Klaus D Vaque Copyright 1988, Varama Publishers, ISBN 0-620-12978-6, pg 172-175.Blaming White folk is the method still used today over two decades after Whites ended Apartheid, by indoctrinated Black Communists, to explain away ANC government mismanagement, corruption and orchestrations for White genocide ...Toxi News ...http://toxinews.blogspot.com/p/articles-by-toxinews.html?m=1"SA THEN versus NOW" ...http://toxinews.blogspot.com/2012/01/?m=1Mike Smith's Political Commentary ...https://archive.ph/UumetOpening Pandora's Apartheid Box - ...https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.tygae.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/8/7/13878165/smithmike__pandoras_apartheid_box.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj7qdTR0tvfAhWMGBQKHfM2DD8QFjANegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw2_9s6BG68ifyhvS0tysJ5Xhttps://www.suidlanders.co.za/time-to-open-pandoras-apartheid-box-part-1/Note that the Communist propaganda website SAHO has deliberately removed all info from their own website which once used to tell the truths about South Africa (I refer to the link below) - Today SAHO has become a Communist government propaganda machine website where all SA history has been deliberately altered, removed, twisted and thumb sucked ... If you want facts, ignore that website and Wiki completely.Wiki can be edited by anybody, and it is usually edited by Communists desperately trying to change South African history and current affairs (same as SAHO).Thus Wikipedia can faithfully only be used as a source of SA information by someone responsible, who grew up in South Africa, and who knows the non-Communist version of SA history, thus has the ability to decipher and filter out the truths from the garbage ...Deaths in detention soar under ANC-regime ... here you will find only facts (Note SAHO has deliberately removed their own original articles in links here) ...http://censorbugbear-reports.blogspot.com/2010/11/deaths-in-detention-soar-under-anc.html?m=174 people in total died in police custody in the entire 25-year-duration of the apartheid since detention without trial started in 1963…an average of THREE PEOPLE PER YEAR… Now how does that compare to the current “New, Improved, South Africa” run by the ANC Marxist terrorist regime? It is only when the truth jolts our complacency, making us realize there is something wrong with our reasoning, that we are moved to identify and rethink our biases….This aricle was written by a three Black journalists in 2010 - 16 years after Mandela became president: ..."Parties urge probe into 566 SAPS custody deaths…"https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.sowetanlive.co.za/amp/news/2010-11-23-parties-urge-probe-into-566-deaths/23.11.2010 - by Canaan Mdletshe, Mhlaba Memela and Sibongile Mashaba,Sowetan:TORTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA: The Act and the Facts - Centre for the ...PDFwww.csvr.org.za › pdfhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.csvr.org.za/pdf/Torture%2520in%2520South%2520Africa.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiVuZiMxNvfAhVOThUIHVdXA_wQFjAJegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw0yZW6wYoSJoJX4Vh9h6UfgHuman rights and mental health in post-apartheid South Africa:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5639765/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles2013 - 29 Years after Mandela became President of SA over 900 die in police custody in a year - News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Over-900-die-in-police-custody-in-a-year-201303041998 onwards ... Deaths under police custody ... Four years after Mandela became President of South Africa ...https://www.csvr.org.za/publications/1448-a-lonely-way-to-die-an-examination-of-deaths-in-police-custody2017 - 33 Years after Mandela became President of SA ...'Hundreds still die in SAPS custody' ...SA Human Rights Commission: Deaths in police custody continue, with official statistics showing that 266 people died in detention ...https://sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news/item/836-hundreds-still-die-in-saps-custody-ipidWhat will Nelson Mandela be remembered for?Was Nelson Mandela a terrorist?Nelson Mandela … his legacy as seen through the eyes of those who actually had him for their President, not through the mythical rosy eyes of the duped world …Mandela’s legacy …South African Police Chief makes the most woke statement ...Alana Logan's answer to How was Nelson Mandela?At his trial, Nelson Mandela had pleaded guilty to 156 acts of public violence including mobilising terrorist bombing campaigns, which planted bombs in public places, including the Johannesburg railway station.Many innocent people, including women and children, were killed by Nelson Mandela’s MK terrorists. Here are some highlights …A series of riots in 1976 led to the Bantu on Bantu murders of some 600, and the murder of resistance leader Stephen Biko (1946-1977) in 1977 led to increased tension.The 1960s and 1970s saw Nelson Mandela, Mkonto We Sizwe military wing leader and supporters of the SACP/ANC/PAC saw bombings, unrest, massive riots and necklacings, encouraged by ANC Winnie Mandela and British Communist entities like Ronnie Kasrils, against supporters of the peaceful Bantu Inkatha Freedom Party, led by Dr Mangosuthu Buthelezi, who were forced to retaliate in self-defense …January 19808 – The South African Defence Forcebegins withdrawal from southern Angola.16 – The South African Railways inaugurates the MetroBlitz interurban high speed train service between Pretoria and Johannesburg.[2][3][4]30 – Patrick McCall of the Stander gang is killed by police in a raid on the gang's hide-out in Houghton, Johannesburg.February3 – A bomb destroys the offices of the Ciskei consulate in Durban.23 – An Escom installation in Georgetown is slightly damaged by an explosion.29 – Two bombs explode at Mandini, one at a sub-station and the other at the police station.March11 – The Mobil fuel depot in Ermelo is rocked by four explosions and five storage tanks are destroyed.12 – During a skirmish with insurgents, two policemen are seriously injured.16 – South Africa and Mozambiquesign the Nkomati Accord, a non-aggression treaty, at Komatipoort.23 – Dorothy Nyembe is released from Kroonstad Prison after serving 15 years.April3 – The African National Congressdenies responsibility after a car bomb explodes on the Victoria Embankment, Durban, killing three and injuring twenty.5 – The Transkei consulate in Botshabelo is destroyed by a bomb.An insurgent is killed at De Deur.May2 – South Africa, Mozambique and Portugal sign an agreement on electricity supply from the Cahora Bassa dam.5 – Over 7,000 people attend an Afrikaner Volkswag rally in Pretoria.12 – A bomb explodes at the Trust Bank in Durban.13 – The Mobil Oil Refinery in Durban comes under RPG-7 attack by Umkhonto we Sizwe insurgents who are all killed afterwards in a running battle with police.16 – Outside the Jabulani Police station in Soweto an explosion destroys two private vehicles belonging to policemen.18 – The railway line near Lenasia is damaged by an explosion.29 – Prime Minister P.W. Botha and minister of foreign affairs Pik Bothavisit Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland and West Germany.Mutineers systematically kill most camp administration members at Umkhonto we Sizwe’s Pango training camp in Angola.June21 – An explosion damages a sub-station in Berea, Durban and disrupts electricity supply.28 – Jeannette Schoon and her six-year-old daughter Katryn are killed by a letter bomb at Lubango, Angola.July9 – South Africa signs the amendment of the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.12 – One policeman is killed and one is injured when their vehicle is attacked in Jabulani.28 – The South African Railways Police charge office in KwaMashu, Durban is attacked with hand grenades.August3 – A guerrilla is killed in the Ellisrasarea.7 – Tshabalala Dry Cleaners in Soweto is extensively damaged by Umkhonto we Sizwe.7 – An Escom sub-station is destroyed in Glenmore, Durban.12 – The Department of Internal Affairs of Johannesburg is hit by an explosion that causes minor damage.16 – Two Limpet mines destroy two floors of the South African Police HQ, Soweto East in Roodepoort, injuring the District Commander, four policemen and two civilians.17 – A guerrilla is killed while resisting arrest in Mapetla.23 – Explosions destroy 4th floor offices of the government in a building in Booysens, Johannesburg.24 – A bomb explodes in Anchor Life Building in Johannesburg, destroying the South African Railways Police regional offices and the Department of Internal Affairs offices.September3 – A limpet mine placed by Mo Shaik explodes at the Department of Internal Affairs in Johannesburg.3 – During riots in the Vaal Triangle instigated by the Vaal Civic Association (VCA) supported by the UDF and COSAS, councillors Caesar Motjeane and Kuzwayo Dlamini are doused with petrol and burned alive and the police resort to sharp ammunition to restore order.[5]5 – An explosion destroys an Escom sub-station at Rustenburg and disrupts power to Rustenburg and a large area of Bophutatswana.7 – VCA vice-chairman Esau Raditsela admits to VCA chairman Lord McCamel and UDF leader Frank Chikane that he had started the riots four days before, but the UDF continues to blame the government and police.[5]13 – A Limpet mine causes damage to a Durban sub-station.14 – The position of Prime Minister is abolished.14 – P.W. Botha is inaugurated as the first executive State President of South Africa.[1]14 – A bomb explodes at the Department of Community Development in Krugersdorp.October8 – South Africa, Mozambique and Renamo hold talks in Pretoria to end the civil war in Mozambique.16 – Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.December11 – A section of railway line near Durban and a goods train are damaged by an explosion.14 – A guerrilla is killed and a policeman is injured in a skirmish in Ingwavuma.18 – Foreign minister Pik Botha and President of Somalia Siad Barre hold talks in Mogadishu.25 – Another guerrilla is killed in Ingwavuma.Unknown DateThe government imposes a state of emergency that would stay in place for six years.February 1981 -Two people are injured when a bomb explodes in a Durban shopping centre.14 – A section of railway line between Richards Bay and Vryheid is destroyed by Umkhonto we Sizwe and coal trucks are derailed.21 – Limpet mines explode and destroy two transformers at a sub-station in Durban.May6 – The railway in the Hoedspruit area is damaged.14 – The United Nations General Assembly publishes a blacklist of 65 multi-national companies and some 270 sports persons who have links with South Africa.21 – A bomb explodes and damages the Port Elizabeth rail link to Johannesburg and Cape Town.25 – A pamphlet bomb explodes in Durban.25 – The Fort Jackson Police station is attacked.25 – The railway line near Soweto is damaged.25 – The railway line on the NatalSouth Coast is damaged.25 – Power lines are cut in Vrede.25 – A series of terrorist actions in support of Republic Day protests are admitted by Umkhonto we Sizwe.27 – A bomb explodes in Durban destroying a South African Defence Force recruiting building.June1 – Three offices of the Progressive Federal Party are firebombed in Johannesburg, with no injuries.4 – The police station in Meyerton is attacked by terrorists.11 – The railway line on the Natal North coast is maliciously damaged.16 – The railway line near East London is maliciously damaged.26 – Two bombs explode at the Durban Cenotaph.28 – The railway near Empangeni is maliciously damaged.July3 – A limpet mine is found at the fuel storage yard in Alberton and defused.21 – Six bomb explosions at sub-stations in Pretoria, Middelburg, and Ermelo disrupt power supply.26 – Two bombs explode at 05:50 and 06:10 in central Durban. Three people are injured and extensive damage is caused to motor vehicle firms.August6 – A bomb explodes in an East London shopping complex minutes before rush hour.8 – A bomb explodes in a Port Elizabeth shopping centre in similar manner to the East London bomb.11 – The Voortrekkerhoogte Military Base outside Pretoria is attacked with RPG-7s. Two British citizens, Nicolas Heath and Bonnie Lou Muller, are identified as accomplices in the assault.19 – The railway line near East London is maliciously damaged.September2 – Two policemen and two civilians, one a child, are killed during an attack on Mabopane Police station.12 – A bomb damages the main railway line at Delville Wood near Durban.October10 – Umkhonto we Sizwe attacks government offices of the Department of Co-operation and Development. Four civilians are injured.21 – Umkhonto we Sizwe destroys a transformer in Evander and a water pipeline feeding Sasol III (Secunda CTL) in Secunda.26 – Two policemen are killed during an attack on Sibasa Police station.November1 – The Jeppes Reef House near the Swaziland border, occupied by the South African Defence Force, comes under RPG-7 attack.9 – A bomb explodes at the Orlando Magistrates Court in Soweto.12 – Rosslyn sub-station in Pretoria is damaged by 4 limpet mines.December4 – South Africa grants Ciskeiindependence.9 – The offices of the Chief Commissioner of the Department of Co-operation and Development in Cape Town is attacked.14 – A Pretoria sub-station is bombed.23 – Eastern Cape provincial buildings in Duncan Village are damaged in an Umkhonto we Sizwe attack.26 – The Wonderboompoort Police station is attacked.January31 – State President P.W. Botha offers a release proposal to imprisoned African National Congress deputy leader Nelson Mandela.31 – Dr Gerrit Viljoen, Minister of Cooperation and Development, announces that the forced removal of Blacks will be suspended.Three guerrillas and a policeman are killed in a skirmish near Nongoma.February9 – An explosion damages the Old Defence Force offices in Marshall Street, Johannesburg.10 – Nelson Mandela rejects P.W. Botha's offer of conditional release.A Limpet mine destroys a police vehicle in Mamelodi.Two guerrillas are killed and one captured in the Eastern Transvaal.A special branch policeman's home in Tembisa comes under grenade attack.May2 – An explosion rocks the building housing the gold mining companies of Anglo American and Anglovaal in Johannesburg and causes R170,000 in structural damage. Both companies are engaged in mass dismissals of mine workers.9 – Two grenade attacks occur in Pretoria townships.15 – Three explosions damage the Brakpan Police barracks.15 – Insurgents attack the buildings of the Brakpan Commissioners court and offices of the Messenger of the court.28 or 30 – A Limpet mine causes structural damage to the Military Medical Centre in Hillbrow, Johannesburg.31 – Insurgents attack the Southern Cross Fund offices and injure 14 people.Three limpet mines explode at the Natalia Development Board buildings in Lamontville.Three limpet mines explode at the Umlazi Police station in Durban.An Eskom sub-station in Durban is damaged by explosion.A bomb damages the offices of AECI, which is involved in a labour dispute.An explosion destroys a TranskeiDevelopment Corporation bulk fuel depot in Umtata and disrupts water and power supplies to the town.Insurgents throw petrol bombs and hand grenades at the home of Amichand Rajbansi.July20 – P.W. Botha declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts.Limpet mines destroy a sub-station in Durban.A Soweto group, dubbed the Suicide Squad, attacks the homes of two Soweto policemen.A hand grenade is thrown at a bakery in Umlazi, Durban, where workers are on strike.A hand grenade is thrown at the former community councillor in Gugulethu.Two insurgents and a policeman are killed in a shootout at a police roadblock near East London.August2 – Two insurgents and a policeman are killed at a roadblock near Mount Ruth.10 – Police defuses a limpet mine found on a petrol bowser at a fuel depot in East London.A hand grenade is thrown into the home of MP Barend Andrews.A hand grenade is thrown into the home of a Mamelodi policeman.Three limpet mines explode in department stores in Durban, causing limited damage but no injuries.A bomb explodes in a night club at an Umlazi hotel and 30 children are injured.August – In Queenstown, Eastern Cape, Bill Mentoor becomes the first person to be necklaced by having a petrol-filled car tyre placed around his neck and set alight.September27–28 – Limpet mines damage the basement of OK Bazaars in Smith Street, Game Stores and Checkers, all supermarkets in central Durban, while a limpet mine is defused in Spar in central Durban.24 – A limpet mine detonates whilst being armed at Grosvenor Girls School, Bluff, Durban, killing Zinto Cele, Mandlenkosi Ndimande and injuring Sibusiso Mazibuko.Four people are killed in 20 hand grenade attacks in the Cape Townregion.A bomb damages a central Johannesburg building housing the Institute of Bankers.Sasol 2 and 3 come under rocket attack and three insurgents are killed by police.An anti-tank mine explodes in the Soutpansberg area and four defence force members and four civilians are injured.A hand grenade explodes at a Barclays National Bank branch in Woodstock, Cape Town.December8 – The Chesterville home of a policeman is bombed.13 – A South African Army anti-mine troop carrier detonates an anti-tank mine in Messina and one soldier is injured.14 – A guerrilla is killed in Chiawelo.15 – Five people are killed, three of them children aged two, eight and ten, and five are injured when their vehicle detonates an anti-tank mine on the Chatsworth farm near Messina. A one-year-old boy survives the blast.17 – A limpet mine explodes at 03h00 and damages eight PUTCO buses at the Fleetline depot in Umlazi, Durban.19 – A farmer is injured when his vehicle hits an anti-tank mine in the Weipe area.21 – A limpet mine attached to minibus injures 8 or 13 people.23 – A bomb explodes in an Amanzimtoti shopping centre, kills five people and injures 40 others. Andrew Zondo, who is later arrested for planting the bomb, claims that he attempted to warn the mall but failed.29 – The police defuses a pamphlet bomb in Durban.A limpet mine explodes at 18h00 and causes structural damage to the Chatsworth Magistrates Court outside Durban.A grenade is thrown at a tourist kombi in central Durban.Charl van Wyk discusses the St James Church massacre:Log In or Sign Up to ViewChurch Street West, Pretoria, on the 20 May 1983-Amanzimtoti Shopping complex KZN, 23 December 1985-Krugersdorp Magistrate’s Court, 17 March 1988-Durban Pick ‘n Pay shopping complex, 1 September 1986-Pretoria Sterland movie complex 16 April 1988 – limpet mine killed ANC terrorist M O Maponya instead-Johannesburg Magistrate’s Court, 20 May 1987-Roodepoort Standard Bank 3 June, 1988And more …As a part of the British Empire, South Africa took part in World War I, its principal action being the seizure of German Southwest Africa. In 1919, following the end of the war, South Africa received a mandate to the former German colony, the present-day nation of Namibia.It fought against Nazi Germany in World War II as well.The British then introduced the separation of ethnic groups, an ideology forced upon all in southern Africa, which was called ‘Separation’.Translated directly into Afrikaans, the word ‘separation’, is ‘apartheid’.The British tradition of self-rule for all nations within the Empire and a way to prevent Bantu inter-tribal wars and to prevent Bantu wars on whites, perpetuated this institution of separation- apartheid.Growing Afrikaner resistance to British rule led to a decision, through a 1960 referendum among whites, to give up status as a British dominion. A new republic was born on May 31, 1961, and South Africa withdrew from the British Commonwealth.Separation - Apartheid was inherited with the victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948, but the ideology of apartheid had been undergoing positive reforms for many years, with the ideas of Hendrik Verwoerd (1901-66), in favour of Bantu independence from white governance.All Bantu were given the most fertile homelands, called Bantustans to govern themselves, with white support, leaving only one homeland for the whites.Altogether nine homelands, because even by then, the Bantu populations had multiplied exponentially, making whites more and more minorities in the country their forefathers established, South Africa.The Bantu were given everything they required to facilitate their own governance.Besides their own homelands, and their own Bantu councils, the Bantu were given their own educational facilities, houses, electricity, water, their own public transportation, their own public restrooms, and their own beaches and parks, all with full fascilities on them.Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda were granted full independence.In 1950, the Group Areas Act, established residential and business sections in urban areas, for each of the four ethnic groups: Whites, Blacks, Coloreds, and Asians for which each homeland citizen was given a passport, ‘dompas’, and all that was required was for it to be presented to cross borders to enter other homelands to seek employment.The first major anti-apartheid riots broke out at Sharpeville, where only 9 policemen defended themselves against some 3000 aggressive PAC protesters charging at them and shot 69 of them ...Sharpeville / Soweto riots ...Forty Years Since the Soweto Riots - American RenaissanceAlana Logan's answer to What will Nelson Mandela be remembered for?Alana Logan's answer to How was Nelson Mandela?The Heart of Communism......Much has been said about the social analysis of Marxism, but as a Christian, I want to look at the heart of Communism. Beneath all the philosophical verbage and political rhetoric, what is the driving force of Marxist-Leninism?Vladimir Lenin wrote:"Atheism is the natural and inseparable par of Communism"...Lenin: "We must hate. Hatred is the basis of Communism"Che Guevare: "Hatred is an element of the struggle, a relentlrss hatred of the enemy.... transforming him into an effective, violent and selective cold blooded killing machine. A people without hatred cannot vanquish a brutal enemy".(It must be noted that the so-called "brutal enemy" is usually a tiny innocent minority, which has deliberately been demonised through deliberate indoctrination and deceit of the masses to incite murder).Karl Marx: "I wish to avenge myself against the one who rules above", (Avenge God for what? - That's like avenging an excellent father for giving you everything you have ever owned, including your life).

Carlos Ray "Chuck" Norris (born March 10, 1940) is an American martial artist, actor, film producer and screenwriter. After serving in the United States Air Force, he began his rise to fame as a martial artist, and has since founded his own school, Chun Kuk Do.Norris appeared in a number of action films, such as Way of the Dragon, in which he starred alongside Bruce Lee, and was The Cannon Group's leading star in the 1980s.[3][4]He played the starring role in the television series Walker, Texas Ranger from 1993 until 2001.Norris is a devout Christian and politically conservative. He has written several books on Christianity and donated to a number of Republican candidates and causes. In 2007 and 2008, he campaigned for former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, who was running for the Republican nomination for president in 2008.[5]Norris also writes a column for the conservative website WorldNetDaily.[6]Since 2005 Norris has been widely associated with an internet meme which documents fictional and often absurd feats associated with him.Contents[hide]1Early life2Martial arts career3Acting career3.1Rise to fame3.2Walker, Texas Ranger4Product endorsements5Appearances6Chun Kuk Do7Personal life7.1Family7.2Christianity7.3Martial arts and personal fitness8Activism8.1Philanthropy8.2Political views9Honors10Internet meme11Filmography12References13Further reading14External linksEarly lifeNorris was born in Ryan, Oklahoma on March 10, 1940,[7]to Wilma (née Scarberry) and Ray Norris, who was a World War II Army soldier,[8]a mechanic, bus driver, and truck driver.[9]Norris has stated that he has Irish and Cherokee roots.[3][8][10]Norris was named after Carlos Berry, his father's minister.[8]He has two younger brothers, Wieland (1943–1970; killed in Vietnam) and Aaron (a Hollywood producer). When Norris was sixteen, his parents divorced,[11]and he later relocated to Prairie Village, Kansas, and then to Torrance, California, with his mother and brothers.[3]Norris has described his childhood as downbeat. He was nonathletic, shy, and scholastically mediocre.[12]His father, Ray, worked intermittently as an automobile mechanic, and went on alcohol drinking binges that lasted for months at a time. Embarrassed by his father's behavior and the family's financial plight, Norris developed a debilitating introversion that lasted for his entire childhood.[13]He joined the United States Air Force as an Air Policeman (AP) in 1958 and was sent to Osan Air Base, South Korea. It was there that Norris acquired the nickname Chuck and began his training in Tang Soo Do (tangsudo), an interest that led to black belts in that art and the founding of the Chun Kuk Do ("Universal Way") form.[14]When he returned to the United States, he continued to serve as an AP at March Air Force Base in California.Norris was discharged in August 1962. He worked for the Northrop Corporation and opened a chain of Karate schools including a storefront school in his then-hometown of Torrance on Hawthorne Boulevard. Norris' official website lists celebrity clients at the schools; among them Steve McQueen, Chad McQueen, Bob Barker, Priscilla Presley, Donny Osmond and Marie Osmond.[15]Martial arts careerNorris in 1976Norris was defeated in his first two tournaments, dropping decisions to Joe Lewis and Allen Steen and three matches at the International Karate Championships to Tony Tulleners. By 1967 Norris had improved enough that he scored victories over the likes of Lewis, Skipper Mullins, Arnold Urquidez, Victor Moore, Ron Marchini, and Steve Sanders. Norris would be a two-time winner at S. Henry Cho's All American Championship.[16]In early 1968, Norris suffered the tenth and last loss of his career, losing an upset decision to Louis Delgado. On November 24, 1968, he avenged his defeat to Delgado and by doing so won the Professional Middleweight Karate champion title, which he held for six consecutive years.[11]In 1969, he won Karate's triple crown for the most tournament wins of the year, and the Fighter of the Year award by Black Belt magazine.Norris made history in 1990 when he was the first Westerner in the documented history of Taekwondo to be given the rank of 8th Degree Black Belt Grandmaster.[17]In 1999, Norris was inducted into the Martial Arts History Museum's Hall of Fame. On July 1, 2000, Norris was presented the Golden Lifetime Achievement Award by the World Karate Union Hall of Fame.Acting careerNorris on the set of the film The Delta Force (1986)Rise to fameIn 1969, Norris made his acting debut in the Dean Martin film The Wrecking Crew. At a martial arts demonstration in Long Beach, Norris met the martial artist Bruce Lee. In 1972, he acted as Lee's nemesis in the movie Way of the Dragon (titled Return of the Dragon in its U.S. distribution), which is widely credited with launching him toward stardom. In Asia, Norris is still known primarily for this role. In 1974, McQueen encouraged him to begin acting classes at MGM.Norris' first starring role was 1977's Breaker! Breaker!, and subsequent films such as Good Guys Wear Black (1978), The Octagon (1980), An Eye for an Eye (1981), and Lone Wolf McQuade (1983) proved his increasing box office bankability.In 1984, Norris starred in Missing in Action, the first of a series of Rambo-inspired POW rescue fantasies themed around the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue that were produced by Israeli cousins Menahem Golan and Yoram Globus and released under their Cannon Films banner. Norris later dedicated these films to his younger brother Wieland. Wieland, a private in the 101st Airborne Division, had been killed in June 1970 in Vietnam while on patrol in the defense of Firebase Ripcord.[18]The film, however, was criticized heavily as being a preemptive cash-in on the Rambo film series.[19][20]Over the next four years, Norris became Cannon's most prominent star, appearing in eight films, including Code of Silence, The Delta Force, and Firewalker, in which he co-starred with Academy Award winner Louis Gossett, Jr.. Many of the aforementioned films were produced by Norris' brother Aaron Norris, as were several episodes of Walker, Texas Ranger. In 1986, he was involved in the production of the Ruby-Spears cartoon Karate Kommandos.After an 8 year layoff, he starred in the 2012 sequel to The Expendables.In October 2014, he revealed that he would be shooting a new film, The Finisher, in March 2015.[21]Walker, Texas RangerBy the end of the 1980s, Cannon Films had faded from prominence, and Norris' star appeal seemed to go with it. He reprised his Delta Force role for MGM, which had acquired the Cannon library after the latter's Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Norris went on to make several more films before making a transition to television.[22]In 1993, he began shooting the series Walker, Texas Ranger, which lasted eight seasons on CBS and continued in syndication on other channels, notably the Hallmark Channel.On October 17, 2005, CBS premiered the Sunday Night Movie of the Week, Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire. The production was a continuation of the series, and not scripted to be a reunion movie. Norris reprised his role as Cordell Walker for the movie. He has stated that future Walker, Texas Ranger Movie of the Week projects are expected; however, this was severely impaired by CBS's 2006–2007 season decision to no longer regularly schedule Movies of the Week on Sunday night.Product endorsementsNorris has appeared with Christie Brinkley in a long-running series of cable TV infomercials promoting Total Gym home fitness equipment. Norris has also appeared in a commercial for Mountain Dew.In 2010, Norris appeared in advertisements for communications company T-Mobile in the Czech Republic.[23]In 2011, Norris appeared in advertisements for the World of Warcraft video game.[24]In 2012, Norris appeared in a series of commercials for the Polish bank BZ WBK.[25]Chuck NorrisStyleChun Kuk Do, Tang Soo Do, Taekwondo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, JudoRank10th degree black belt Chun Kuk Do9th degree black belt Tang Soo Do8th degree black belt Taekwondo5th degree black belt in Karate3rd degree black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsublack belt JudoAppearancesAt the 1994 edition of Survivor Series, he was the special outside enforcer for the casket match rematch between The Undertaker and Yokozuna. He was the enforcer to ensure that nobody interfered in the match.Chun Kuk DoMain article: Chun Kuk DoNorris created the martial art Chun Kuk Do, which is based primarily on Tang Soo Do and includes elements from every combat style he knows. Like many other martial arts, Chun Kuk Do includes a code of honor and rules to live by. These rules are from Norris' personal code. They are:[26]I will develop myself to the maximum of my potential in all ways.I will forget the mistakes of the past and press on to greater achievements.I will continually work at developing love, happiness and loyalty in my family.I will look for the good in all people and make them feel worthwhile.If I have nothing good to say about a person, I will say nothing.I will always be as enthusiastic about the success of others as I am about my own.I will maintain an attitude of open-mindedness.I will maintain respect for those in authority and demonstrate this respect at all times.I will always remain loyal to my God, my country, family and my friends.I will remain highly goal-oriented throughout my life because that positive attitude helps my family, my country and myself.Personal lifeNorris receiving the Veteran of the Year award by the U.S. Air Force in 2001Norris during a meeting with Commanding Officer Captain J.R Haley, in June 2005Norris during a promotion ceremony at Camp Taqaddum in the Al Anbar province of Iraq on November 2, 2006FamilyNorris married Dianne Holechek in 1958. In 1963 their first child, Mike, was born. His daughter Dina was born in 1964 out of an extramarital affair.[27]Later, he had a second son, Eric, with his wife in 1965. After 30 years of marriage, Norris and Holechek divorced in 1988.On November 28, 1998, he married former model Gena O'Kelley, 23 years Norris' junior. O'Kelley had two children from a previous marriage. She delivered twins on August 30, 2001: Dakota Alan Norris, a boy, and Danilee Kelly Norris, a girl.[28]On September 22, 2004, Norris told Entertainment Tonight's Mary Hart that his daughter Dina was the result of an extramarital affair. He did not meet her until she was 26, although she learned that he was her father when she was 16. She sent a letter informing him of their relationship. After meeting her, Norris said he knew she was his daughter upon seeing her.[29]In 2005, Norris reported in his autobiography that his mother gave birth to him when she was 18 years old.Norris has nine grandchildren.[30]ChristianityAn outspoken Christian,[31]Norris is the author of several Christian-themed books, such as The Justice Riders. He has also been in a few TV commercials promoting Bible study and prayer in public schools, in addition to efforts to reduce drug use. In his WorldNetDaily columns, he has expressed his belief in Biblical creationism,[32]that those who are troubled should turn to Jesus, and is quoted as saying "true patriots" do not stay clear of discussing religion and politics.[33]On April 22, 2008, Norris expressed his support for the intelligent design movement when he reviewed Ben Stein's Expelled for Conservative news, politics, opinion, breaking news analysis, political cartoons and commentary.[34]Martial arts and personal fitnessNorris has received a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu from the Machado family.[35]In his February 15, 2010 WorldNetDaily column, Norris announced that, starting in the fall of 2010, he will begin a second weekly column for Creators Syndicate. This new column, "C-Force", will focus on personal fitness.[36]ActivismPhilanthropyHe is known for his contribution towards organizations such as Funds for Kids, Veteran's Administration National Salute to Hospitalized Veterans, the United Way, and the Make-A-Wish Foundation in the form of donations as well as fund-raising activities.[37]His time with the U.S. Veterans Administration as a spokesperson was inspired by his experience serving the United States Air Force in Korea. His objective has been to popularize the issues such as Pensions and Health care, that concern hospitalized war veterans. Due to his significant contributions, and continued patriotism, he received the Veteran of the Year award in 2001 at the American Veteran Awards.[37]Norris also established the United Fighting Arts Federation and Kickstart Kids in 1990. As a significant part of his philanthropic contributions, the organization was formed to develop self-esteem and focus in at-risk children as a tactic to keep them away from drug-related pressure by training them in martial arts. Norris hopes that by shifting middle school and high school children's focus towards this positive and strengthening endeavour, these children will have the opportunity to build a better future for themselves.[37][38]In 2005, Norris founded the World Combat League (WCL), a full-contact, team-based martial arts competition, of which part of the proceeds are given to his Kickstart Kids program.[37]Additionally, Norris supports the Vijay Amritraj Foundation, which aims at bringing hope, help and healing to the defenceless and innocent victims of disease, tragedy and circumstance in India. Through his donations, he has helped the foundation support Paediatric HIV/AIDS homes in Delhi, a blind school in Karnataka, and a mission that cares for HIV/AIDS infected adults, as well as mentally ill patients in Cochin.[39]Norris with former Presidential candidate Mike Huckabee in Londonderry, New HampshirePolitical viewsNorris and his wife at a political event in The Woodlands, Texas on February 15, 2016.Norris is a Republican, and has donated more than $32,000 to Republican candidates and organizations since 1988.[40]Norris supports gun rights and ownership and is against public schools celebrating the Day of Silence.[41]In 2006, Norris began penning a column for the conservative news website WorldNetDaily, sharing his "musings about faith, family, freedom, country, loyalty – maybe even kickboxing."On October 22, 2007, Norris announced his endorsement of Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee for President.[42]Norris said, "I believe the only one who has all of the characteristics to lead America forward into the future is ex-Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee."[43]After the 2008 presidential election, Norris drafted a letter to President-elect Barack Obama, stating that he should "use and cite the Constitution ... protect American life ... learn from the mistakes of your Democratic predecessors ... [and] lead more from the center".[44]On November 18, 2008, Norris became one of the first members of show business to express support for the California Proposition 8 ban on same-sex marriage, and he chided activists for "interfering" with the democratic process and the double standard he perceived in criticizing the LDS Church without criticizing African Americans, who had voted for the measure by a wide margin.[45]During the 2012 presidential election, Norris first recommended Ron Paul, and then later formally endorsed Newt Gingrich as the Republican presidential candidate.[46]After Gingrich suspended his campaign in May 2012, Norris endorsed Republican presumptive nominee Mitt Romney, despite Norris having previously accused Romney of flip-flopping and of trying to buy the nomination for the Republican Party candidacy for 2012.[47][48]On the eve of the election he and his wife Gina made a video warning that if evangelicals didn't show up at the polls and vote out President Obama, "...our country as we know it may be lost forever...".[49][50]Norris also produced the film Answering the Call, which featured his 2007 trip to Iraq to visit the troops.[51][52]Norris endorsed Huckabee again in the 2016 Republican Primary before he dropped out.[53]In March 2016, it was reported that Norris endorsed Republican Texas Senator Ted Cruz and that he would be attending a Cruz rally,[54][55]but two days later, Norris stated he would only endorse the GOP nominee once that nominee has been nominated by the party.[56]Norris has visited Israel and voiced support for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the 2013 and 2015 elections.[57][58][59]HonorsOn March 28, 2007, Commandant Gen. James T. Conway made Norris an honorary United States Marine during a dinner at the commandant's residence in Washington, D.C.[60]On December 2, 2010, he (along with brother Aaron) was given the title honorary Texas Ranger by Texas Governor Rick Perry.[61]Internet memeMain article: Chuck Norris factsIn late 2005, Norris became the object of an ironic internet meme known as "Chuck Norris Facts", which document fictional, often absurdly heroic feats and characteristics about Norris. Norris has written his own response to the parody on his website, stating that he does not feel offended by them and finds some of them funny,[62]claiming that his personal favorite is that they wanted to add his face to Mount Rushmore, but the granite is not hard enough for his beard.[63]On November 29, 2007, Gotham Books, the adult division of Penguin USA, released a book entitled The Truth About Chuck Norris: 400 facts about the World's Greatest Human based on the Chuck Norris Facts.[64]Norris filed suit in December against Penguin USA and author Ian Spector, claiming, "trademark infringement, unjust enrichment and privacy rights."[65]Norris dropped the suit in May of the following year.[66]FilmographyMain article: Chuck Norris filmographyReferencesJump up^ Kirell, Andrew (May 25, 2012). "Celebrities You Probably Didn't Know Are Republicans". Mediaite. New York City. Retrieved September 17, 2016.Jump up^ "Norris, Carlos Ray, A1C". TogetherWeServed. 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-25.^ Jump up to:a b c Berkow, Ira (May 12, 1993). "At Dinner with: Chuck Norris". The New York Times.Jump up^ "Cinema: And Now, a Wham-Bam Superstar: Chuck Norris". Time. May 20, 1985. Retrieved August 14, 2010.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris Endorses Newt Gingrich, Swings Crucial 'Walker, Texas Ranger' Constituency". Reuters. January 20, 2012.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris". WorldNetDaily. Retrieved October 20, 2013.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck; Hyams, Joe (1988). "1". The Secret of Inner Strength; My Story (1st ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Co. p. 6. ISBN 0-316-61191-3.^ Jump up to:a b c Norris, Chuck; Ken Abraham (2004). Against All Odds: My Story. Broadman & Holman Publishers. ISBN 0-8054-3161-6.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris Biography (1940–)".Jump up^ "Chuck Norris : Biography". IMDb.^ Jump up to:a b "Chuck Norris – Strong, Silent, Popular". The New York Times. September 1, 1985.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris Fights to Be a Better Actor in 'Hero and the Terror' Role". The Los Angeles Times. September 2, 1988.Jump up^ "Breaking the Silence : People.com". PEOPLE.com.Jump up^ Wedlan, Candace A. (October 2, 1996). "Body Watch; Kicking Old Habits; Chuck Norris found he couldn't eat just anything after he hit his mid-30s. These days, TV's top ranger feasts on veggies, fowl and fish. And he tries to keep his distance from peanut clusters.". The Los Angeles Times.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris Blog". Archived from the original on February 8, 2010.Jump up^ "Past Sparring Grand Champions". S. Henry Cho's Karate Institute Tae Kwon Do taekwondo tae kwon do karate Karate martial arts Martial Arts Chuck Norris Bruce Lee Master Cho Steven Segal H. Retrieved 2016-03-15.Jump up^ "Questions I am asked most about martial arts". July 9, 2007.Jump up^ "PFC Wieland Clyde Norris". The Virtual Wall.Jump up^ "War Movie Mondays, Missing in Action Movie Review". The Flick Cast. Retrieved July 7, 2012.Jump up^ "Box Office Flashback, December 10, 1984". Pop Dose: Pop Culture News, Reviews and Discussion. Retrieved July 7, 2012.Jump up^ "masternorris.com". masternorris.com -&nbspThis website is for sale! -&nbspmasternorris Resources and Information.. Retrieved 2016-03-15.Jump up^ King, Susan (April 18, 1993). "Chuck Norris: Karate Champ Turned Action-film Actor Turned Series Star?". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 30, 2010.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris shills for T-Mobile ads". The Prague Post. November 10, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2011.Jump up^ "World of Warcraft TV Commercial: Chuck Norris – Hunter". YouTube. December 15, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2011.Jump up^ "Polish bank BZ WBK commercials with Chuck Norris". January 20, 2012. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2012.Jump up^ "Welcome to the United Fighting Arts Federation (UFAF) and Chun Kuk Do!". Welcome to the United Fighting Arts Federation (UFAF). Retrieved 2016-03-15.Jump up^ "Herald Extra: Chuck Norris". Archived from the original on March 25, 2008.Jump up^ "Gena Norris Notes". Free Full Episodes, Clips, Show Info and TV Listings Guide. May 3, 2006.Jump up^ Hart, Mary (September 22, 2004). "At Home and Up-Close with Chuck Norris". Entertainment News | Celebrity News | Entertainment Tonight. Archived from the original on November 23, 2006.Jump up^ "mentorsharbor.com". Buy Domains - Find a Premium Domain & Open Your Doors, BuyDomains.com.Jump up^ See External Links Drew Marshall InterviewJump up^ Norris, Chuck (October 23, 2006). "On Chuck Norris 'mania' sweeping the net". WorldNetDaily. Retrieved February 16, 2010.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (November 20, 2006). "America's Code of Silence". WorldNetDaily. Retrieved February 16, 2010.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck. "Win Ben Stein's Monkey". Townhall. Retrieved April 22, 2008.Jump up^ BJJ Instructors and Students. "BJJ Genius".Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (February 15, 2010). "Ready for feds in your kitchen?". WorldNetDaily. Retrieved February 16, 2010.^ Jump up to:a b c d [1][dead link]Jump up^ "A Renaissance Man". Inside Kung Fu. Retrieved January 1, 2010.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris's Charity Work, Events and Causes". Celebrity Charity Work: Data, News, Events - Look to the Stars. Retrieved January 2, 2012.Jump up^ "Newsmeat: Chuck Norris's Federal Campaign Contribution Report". 2006.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (March 23, 2008). "Guns, God and gays". WorldNetDaily.Jump up^ "Mike Huckabee". Mike Huckabee.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (October 21, 2007). "My choice for president". WorldNetDaily.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (10 November 2008). "Obama, now that you work for me...". World Net Daily.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (18 November 2008). "If Democracy Doesn't Work, Try Anarchy". Townhall.Jump up^ Reilly, Mollie (January 20, 2012). "Chuck Norris Endorses Newt Gingrich For President". The HuffingtonPost.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck. "Chuck Norris Column: How Romney and Our Republic Can Win (Part 1)". News Busters.Jump up^ Poppleton, Travis. "Chuck Norris slams Romney, endorses Newt Gingrich for president". KSL.Jump up^ Bingham, Amy (2012-09-04). "Chuck Norris Warns of '1,000 years of Darkness' If Obama Re-Elected - ABC News". ABC News.Jump up^ Gunter, Booth (2012-11-04). "Six most paranoid fears for Obama's second term". Salon: in-depth news, politics, business, technology & culture.Jump up^ "Norris documentary shines light on troops overseas". Waxahachie Daily Light: Local & World News, Sports & Entertainment in Waxahachie, TX.Jump up^ "Martial arts program for kids to start". The Ellis County Press. May 21, 2009.Jump up^ "Celebrity endorsements for 2016". The Hill.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris Endorses Ted Cruz". March 8, 2016.Jump up^ Heil, Emily (March 8, 2016). "Roundhouse kick! Chuck Norris to stump for Ted Cruz". The Washington Post.Jump up^ Recio, Maria (March 10, 2016). "Chuck Norris Bows Out of Cruz Event". The Star-Telegram.Jump up^ Thornhill, Ted; Irvine, Chris (March 17, 2015). "A campaign with more muscle: Chuck Norris endorses Benjamin Netanyahu's re-election as cult action hero says he is crucial to safety of Israel". Daily Mail.Jump up^ "What is Chuck Norris doing in Israel?". Jerusalem Post. February 5, 2017.Jump up^ Becker, Gahl; Froim, Yoni (February 6, 2017). "Chuck Norris arrives in Israel, peace seems imminent". Ynetnews.Jump up^ "Conway makes Chuck Norris honorary Marine – Marine Corps News | News from Afghanistan & Iraq". Marine Corps Times. Retrieved January 2, 2012.Jump up^ Norris, Chuck (December 2, 2010). "Former TV lawman Chuck Norris to be given honorary Texas Ranger title by Gov. Rick Perry today in Garland". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved December 12, 2010.Jump up^ "Web Archive: Chuck Norris". Archived from the original on October 19, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2006.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris facts read by Chuck Norris". YouTube.Jump up^ Ian Spector (2007) [2007-11-29]. The Truth About Chuck Norris: 400 Facts About the World's Greatest Human. Gotham. ISBN 978-1-59240-344-8.Jump up^ Kearney, Christine (December 21, 2007). "Chuck Norris sues, says his tears no cancer cure". Reuters. Retrieved December 23, 2007.Jump up^ "Chuck Norris drops lawsuit against university student". The Hindustan Times. May 30, 2008.Further readingThe Secret Power Within: Zen Solutions to Real Problems, Zen Buddhism and martial arts. Little, Brown and Company (1996). ISBN 0-316-58350-2.Against All Odds: My Story, an autobiography. Broadman & Holman Publishers (2004). ISBN 0-8054-3161-6.The Justice Riders, Wild West novels. Broadman & Holman Publishers (2006). ISBN 0-8054-4032-1.Norris, Chuck. Black Belt Patriotism: How to Reawaken America, Regnery Publishing (2008). ISBN 978-1-59698-558-2Spector, Ian: The Truth about Chuck Norris: Gotham Books: New York: 2007: ISBN 1-59240-344-1External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to Chuck Norris.Wikiquote has quotations related to: Chuck NorrisOfficial websiteChuck Norris at the Internet Movie DatabaseChuck Norris at martialinfo.comChuck Norris at completemartialarts.comOfficial Chun Kuk Do WebsiteAppearances on C-SPAN[hide]vteChuck NorrisOrganizationsKickstart KidsUnited Fighting Arts FederationWorld Combat LeagueMartial artsChun Kuk DoVideo gamesChuck Norris: Bring on the PainChuck Norris SuperkicksBroforceTelevision programsKarate KommandosRelatedChuck Norris factsFilmographyAuthority controlWorldCat IdentitiesVIAF: 84036229LCCN: n82239657ISNI: 0000 0001 0920 1210GND: 119291037SELIBR: 351091SUDOC: 081946996BNF: cb12050984t (data)MusicBrainz: 58315bfe-2418-474a-821b-b2761147fff8NLA: 40862755NDL: 001154222NKC: jn20000701326BNE: XX1111227Categories:1940 birthsLiving people20th-century American male actors20th-century Christians21st-century American male actors21st-century ChristiansAmerican Christian writersAmerican chun kuk do practitionersAmerican evangelicalsAmerican gun rights advocatesAmerican male karatekaAmerican male film actorsAmerican male television actorsAmerican male writersAmerican martial arts writersAmerican motivational writersAmerican people of Cherokee descentAmerican people of English descentAmerican political punditsAmerican political writersAmerican practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsuAmerican male taekwondo practitionersAmerican tang soo do practitionersCalifornia RepublicansChristian creationistsConservatism in the United StatesIntelligent design advocatesInternet memesMale actors from OklahomaMartial arts school foundersPeople awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsuPeople from Jefferson County, OklahomaPeople from Tarzana, Los AngelesTexas RepublicansUnited States Air Force airmenWriters from Los AngelesWriters from OklahomaActivists from CaliforniaNavigation menuNot logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadView sourceView historySearchMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleDonate to WikipediaWikipedia storeInteractionHelpAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact pageToolsWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkPage informationWikidata itemCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionIn other projectsWikimedia CommonsWikiquoteLanguagesالعربيةAragonésAsturianuAzərbaycancaবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкевіца)‎BislamaБългарскиBoarischBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFøroysktFrançaisGalego한국어ՀայերենHrvatskiIdoBahasa IndonesiaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡქართულიҚазақшаLatinaLatviešuLietuviųMagyarМакедонскиമലയാളംმარგალურიمصرىNederlands日本語Norsk bokmålOccitanPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийScotsShqipSicilianuSimple EnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaکوردیی ناوەندیСрпски / srpskiSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиBasa SundaSuomiSvenskaதமிழ்ไทยTürkçeУкраїнськаVènetoTiếng ViệtŽemaitėška中文Edit linksThis page was last modified on 25 April 2017, at 22:20.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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