California Coastal Commission Staff Report And: Fill & Download for Free

UPDATE - I went looking for the California Geological Survey and found this Los Angeles County Tsunami Preparedness Plan - Page 60 of this document discusses and later enumerates every tsunami that has hit California since 1800 - anyone interested in tsunamis and tsunami risk in California should read this document and learn more - I certainly found far more on California tsunamis than I had found before - http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/bc/043521_tsunami.pdforiginal answer follows below - it is accurate, but nowhere near descibes as much as the above about 10 pages from the Los Angeles County plan.The most deadly tsunami to hit the contiguous (lower-48) United States hit Crescent City, California as a result of the largest earthquake to ever hit the United States, the Great Alaskan Earthquake, #2 on the US Geological Survey all time recorded earthquake list on Good Friday, 1964. This has been discussed in another Quora answer. The people were killed after the initial waves swept through town and did little damage, but this follow on wave was much higher and killed 11 people. Northern California is at severe risk of a tsunami. Small tsunami waves even struck San Francisco Bay’s Berkeley shoreline after the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake and somewhat larger ones damaged piers in Half Moon Bay and Monterey. The worst scenario for far northern California is the Cascadia Subduction Zone Fault which last had an over M9 earthquake in 1700 this will send damaging waves as far south as San Francisco or perhaps the Central Coast. There are tsunami warning signs on Ocean Beach in San Francisco and signs marking evacuation routes all along the coast for good reason.It will come some day, perhaps soon, perhaps 100 years from now.See alsoRoger Helbig's answer to How much destruction would a tsunami do in Monterey Bay California?Roger Helbig's answer to Is there a chance that a tsunami might hit California? provides link to three prior answersRoger Helbig's answer to How do you detect a massive earthquake that caused a tsunami?Roger Helbig's answer to Has a tsunami ever occurred in the United States? has Crescent City, Valdez, When We Meet Again,Roger Helbig's answer to Has there been more catastrophic tsunami events in the 21st century than at any other time in recorded human history?Roger Helbig's answer to When was the last tsunami in Alaska? more on Crescent CityRoger Helbig's answer to Has the USA ever been hit by a tsunami? What are the odds it could hit the East or the West coast?Roger Helbig's answer to What are the long term odds of a large tsunami hitting the US on either coast?In looking to see damage in Monterey Bay and Half Moon Bay, I found this List: Historic Tsunamis on California's Coast which says that the Tohoku Tsunami killed one person in California.April 1, 1946: A quake in the Alaska Subduction Zone generated this tsunami, which caused flooding about 1,000 feet inland in Half Moon Bay on California's Central Coast.March 28, 1964: The West Coast's most devastating tsunami on record was generated by a deadly magnitude-9.2 quake off Alaska. It caused powerful waves that slammed coastal areas, including the Northern California community of Crescent City, where 11 people were killed. A surge about 20-feet high flooded nearly 30 city blocks, according to the Department of Conservation. A total of more than 100 people in the tsunami zone, from Alaska and down the Pacific coasts of Canada and the United States, were killed.March 11, 2011: Although not nearly as destructive as the 1964 tsunami, a magnitude-9.0 earthquake in the Tohoku region of Japan led strong tsunami currents that damaged harbors along California's coast. One death was reported in connection with the tsunami. The worst damage was in Crescent City and Santa Cruz.This is the Tohoku Tsunami hitting McKinleyville, CA which is about 60 air miles south of Crescent City on the California coast in Humboldt County-The waves in Half Moon Bay harbor were much less pronouncedTsunami: Santa Cruz harbor dock destroyed, man swept out to sea near Klamath River - this is the largest recent tsunami - the deadly Crescent City one was over 50 years ago - if you go to the link, there is a video on this page as well - this is a pretty good discussion of the entire California coastline from Monterey north.One person is missing near the mouth of the Klamath River and one of the docks and a number of boats at the Santa Cruz harbor were destroyed Friday as tsunami waves generated from a powerful earthquake in Japan hit Northern California. Hundreds of people were evacuated from the coast and were cautioned not to return until the tsunami threat subsides.At least five people watching the waves were swept out to sea, according to the Associated Press. Four people were rescued from the water in southern Oregon, but one man who was taking photos in Northern California was still missing Friday afternoon. Coast Guard helicopters searched for him near the mouth of the Klamath River in Del Norte County, but called his chances of survival slim in the cold, rough ocean.The Eureka Times Standard reported the unidentified man and two friends reportedly traveled to the shoreline to take photos of the incoming waves when all three were swept out to sea. Two of the men were able to get safely back to shore.According to the dispatch center for the Curry County Sheriff’s Office in Oregon, four people were also swept off a beach near Brookings, but all were able to make it back to shore and only minor injuries were reported, The Times Standard reported.In Santa Cruz, a series of wave surges wreaked havoc at the city’s harbor, where a dock was destroyed and more than 30 boats broke free from the docks, several of them sinking and a number sustaining serious damage. Overall, the surges caused an estimated $14 million in damage.At 11:15 a.m., a large surge came through the Santa Cruz harbor and sent dozens of boats, some as big as 40-feet long, turning onto their sides and slamming into other boats that were tied up at nearby slips. Several boats sank and people in the crowd gasped loudly and yelled as the boats’ masts hit the water.There were also reports of significant damage in the harbor in Crescent City, where 35 boats were crushed.The majority of the damage in Santa Cruz has been centralized at one of the docks — known as the U dock– which was destroyed in spectacular fashion.“The dock, it looked like an explosion,” said Michael Sack, co-owner of Sanctuary Cruises. “The dock just blew up. It buckled and it splintered.”Sack said a 30-foot boat sank and at least four other boats broke loose. Early in the morning, there were an estimated 40 boats tied up in the U-dock. By 11:15 a.m., there were only three or four.“They were just floating back and forth in the harbor, slammed into other boats,” Sack said, adding his 48-foot whale watching boat was not damaged.ReNae Ammon of Scotts Valley was also lucky. Her 31-foot sports fishing boat survived.“You forget how powerful the ocean is,” Ammon said. “You can really be at its mercy.”Santa Cruz County Supervisor Neal Coonerty said the tsunami caused an estimated $10 million in damage to the infrastructure at Santa Cruz Harbor and an additional $4 million in personal property (boats). Coonerty said that the county executives are trying to talk to state officials about receiving some disaster designation.‘There’s some real damage being done here,” Coonerty said.Coonerty is a former mayor of Santa Cruz whose family owns Bookshop Santa Cruz, which was destroyed in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.“Having lived through the earthquake, you have a moment when you realize you are no longer in control and you just have to ride it out,” Coonerty said. “This felt like that. It’s scary.”Toby Goddard, a member of the city’s port commission, said the water is like a river surging rather than a big wave.There were at least eight to 10 big surges into the harbor, coming about every 10 minutes.Some boats broke loose, others tipped over, their masts smashing into other boats. Throughout the harbor there was debris floating everywhere, tires, coolers, chunks of wood.By 11:30 a.m., hundreds of people were lining on both sides of the Murray Street bridge that crosses the harbor and watching giant surges come in and break apart boats.In Capitola, water surges approached the top of the sea wall but did not breach it, according to a city official.The National Weather Service issued a tsunami warning for much of California’s coast following the massive 8.9-magnitude earthquake that struck off Japan’s northeastern coast earlier today.Not long after the first waves began to hit the Santa Cruz coast about 8 a.m., boats were seen floating out of the harbor. Crescent City Councilman Rich Enea told the Times-Standard 35 boats were crushed and the harbor suffered major damage. At 10 a.m., the coastal community was waiting for larger surges to hit.Early this morning, the weather service issued a tsunami warning telling people who live along the coastlines to move inland to higher ground. As hundreds of people drove away from the coast near Half Moon Bay and parked along Highway 92 and Skyline Boulevard in San Mateo County, one fisherman was heading for the waves.Duncan Maclean got into his boat, the Barbara Faye, and headed out to sea this morning when he heard a tsunami was coming.“It’s the safest place to be in a tsunami,” Maclean said. “I have a substantial investment here I have to protect.”A few other fishermen out at Pillar Point Harbor were following his lead this morning.“There’s a big swell that seems to building, but I don’t think it’s coming from a tsunami. I think its coming from a storm,” said Maclean, who was about six miles off the Half Moon Bay shore as of 9:05 a.m. “I think it’s not going to hit as severely as they predicted.”It was a similar scene along Highway 17 at Summit Road.The first waves hit the Monterey Harbor at about 7:50 a.m. and were about 2.4 feet higher than what is normally seen, according to Diana Henderson of the weather service. Waves first hit San Francisco at about 8:20 p.m.Once the first waves arrive, the warning may remain in effect for hours. The waves could peak two to three hours after their initial arrival.“It’s not just one big wave,” said Diana Henderson, a forecaster with the weather service. “It’s a series of waves which could be dangerous for as much as 10 to 10 hours after the initial wave arrival.”The tsunami warning didn’t prevent the usual crop of surfers from taking to the water off Pleasure Point in Santa Cruz. A crowd of six at sunrise at the spot known as The Hook at the base of 41st Avenue had swelled to 20 by 7 a.m.While a few were playing it safe — “I’m getting out by 7:30; can’t justify it to the wife and kids,” said one — others seemed to be passing it off as a typically overhyped natural event that may or may not even be noticed.By 7:30 a.m., minutes from the tsunami’s expected arrival, the water was still littered with surfers and a half dozen more were perched atop the cliff above, deciding whether to put on their own wetsuits and paddle out. Though an electronic sign next to O’Neill Surf Shop on 41st Avenue flashed “TSUNAMI WARNING,” more cars were pressing onward than turning back — a number of them with surfboards strapped to the roof.In San Mateo County at the intersection of Highway 92 and Skyline Boulevard, about 1,000 cars were parked along both roadways as residents of Half Moon Bay looked to find higher ground. At 8:30 a.m., the roadway resembled a strip mall parking lot as vehicles jammed into medians, breakdown areas and along the shoulder.While some people remained in their cars, there were some children playing on a grassy area near the median.Martin Quijano, 25, of Half Moon Bay, received a phone call from a friend at about 4 a.m. and immediately got into his car and drove toward Skyline Boulevard. At first he was scared but is now anxious to get home.CHP officer Art Montiel is urging motorists to try and park on Skyline Boulevard.San Mateo County school districts in Half Moon Bay, Pacifica and the Pescadero area were all closed Friday as officials waited for the tsunami.Officials in Pacifica set up shelters at Terra Nova and Oceana high schools, but the only people who showed up were looking to get a better view of the waves. Oceana High sits on a hill and overlooks the ocean.“There’s nobody in the shelter except the people running it,” Oceana Principal April Holland said. “We had almost nobody show up.”At San Francisco International Airport, all inbound flights from Tokyo are canceled, but all Hawaiian flights are operating normally, airport spokesman Mike McCarron said.In Northern California, waves could reach as high as 5.3 feet, according to the weather service.The tide began rising shortly after 7:30 a.m. along beaches in Crescent City, where the tsunami was expected to hit the hardest in California. Officials predicted that waves could reach as high as 7 feet.In Santa Cruz, access to the beach flats including the Boardwalk and municipal wharf will be closed for the duration of the tsunami warning, according to police. The road closings include: Beach Street at Municipal Wharf, Riverside Avenue at Third Street, Laurel Street Extension at Third Street and Pacific Avenue at Center Street.Santa Cruz city officials advised about 6,600 people in the city’s tsunami inundation zone to evacuate, according to Deputy Police Chief Steve Clark. The order is an advisory, not mandatory. That includes the Beach Flats area, along West Cliff Drive, the harbor area and along the San Lorenzo River.Officials in San Francisco closed Great Highway, Ocean Beach and other city beaches.Although emergency officials are reminding residents to avoid the coastlines today, there are plenty of onlookers trying to catch a glimpse of the waves.As spectators gathered near the Pacifica boardwalk, a couple walking their dog along the sea wall said they weren’t frightened by the reports and had no intention of evacuating. They were dubious of news and weather reports.“They also told us it was going to snow a few weeks ago,” said Matt Jetty, 31, of Pacifica.Mark Johnsson, a geologist from the California Coastal Commission, said onlookers were probably expecting movie-style waves.“Hollywood made it seem like big, huge crashing waves,” Johnsson said. “But it’s more just a big, gradual inundation.”Johnsson was out from 8 to 9 a.m. In that hour, he said he had seen two tsunami waves.One man hopped over the sea wall and onto the beach.“I wouldn’t be walking on that beach right now. No way.” Johnsson said.Staff writer Mark Conley and the Associated Press contributed to this report.