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On Friday 19 October, 1934, the passenger plane Miss Hobart fell from the sky to the sea.Miss Hobart was a four engine, 12 passenger De Havilland 86 which left Western Junction airport at 9am. The plane was last heard from at 10.20 a.m. when approaching the Victorian Coast. A message was received at Laverton stating: “Over Rodondo Is. . . all’s well.”Ten Tasmanians were aboard; seven men and two women, one with a small child - all swallowed - it's believed - by the waters of the Bass Strait that lies between Tasmania and mainland Australia.The plane's wreckage was never found.There were indications that it passed over Wilson’s Promontory, but what happened next remains a mystery and no final conclusion was ever reached by the subsequent inquiry.https://www.tasmaniantimes.com/2018/10/the-mystery-disappearance-of-the-airliner-miss-hobart/One of those on board was a 33-year-old Anglican missionary, Rev Hubert Warren (pictured above), who had been travelling to his new parish in Enfield, Sydney. His wife Ellie and four children had stayed behind, intending to follow by boat.The reverend's last present to his eight-year-old son, David, had been a crystal radio set that the boy treasured deeply.As a boarder at Launceston Boys' Grammar School in Tasmania, David Warren tinkered with the machine after lessons, learning what made it work. He charged friends a penny to listen to cricket matches, and within a few years was selling home-made copies at five shillings each.By his mid-twenties, David Warren had studied his way to a science degree from the University of Sydney, a diploma in education from Melbourne University and a PhD in chemistry from Imperial College, London.His specialty was rocket science, and he went to work as a researcher for the Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL), a part of Australia's Defence Department that focused on planes.In 1953, the department loaned him to an expert panel trying to solve a costly and distressing mystery: why did the British de Havilland Comet, the world's first commercial jet airliner and the great hope of the new Jet Age, keep crashing?Why Did The de Havilland Comet Keep Crashing? - Plane & Pilot MagazineHe thought it might be the fuel tanks; but there were dozens of possible causes and nothing but death and debris as evidence. The panel sat down to discuss what they knew."People were rattling on about staff training and pilots' errors, and did a fin break off the tail, and all sorts of things that I knew nothing about," Dr Warren recalled more than 50 years later."I found myself dreaming of something I'd seen the week before at Sydney's first post-war trade fair. And that is - what claimed to be the first pocket recorder, the Miniphon. A German device. There'd been nothing before like it…"The Miniphon was marketed as a dictation machine for businessmen, who could sit at their desks (or on trains and planes) recording letters that would later be typed up by their secretaries. David, who loved swing music and played the clarinet, only wanted one so he could make bootleg recordings of the jazz musician Woody Herman.However, when one of his fellow scientists suggested the latest doomed Comet might have been hijacked, something clicked for him.The chances that a recorder had been on board - and survived the fiery wreck - were basically nil. But what if every plane in the sky had a mini recorder in the cockpit? If it was tough enough, accident investigators would never be this confused again, because they'd have audio right up to the moment of the crash. At the very least, they'd know what the pilots had said and heard.The idea fascinated him. Back at ARL, he rushed to tell his boss about it.Alas, his superior didn't share his enthusiasm. Dr Warren said he was told: "It's nothing to do with chemistry or fuels. You're a chemist. Give that to the instruments group and get on with blowing up fuel tanks."David knew his idea for a cockpit recorder was a good one. Without official support, there was little he could do about it - but he couldn't get it out of his mind.When his boss was promoted, David pitched his invention again. His new superior was intrigued, and so was Dr Laurie Coombes, ARL's chief superintendent. They urged him to keep working on it - but discreetly. Since it wasn't a government-approved venture or a war-winning weapon, it couldn't be seen to take up lab time or money.Dr Warren said the chief superintendent had cautioned him: "If I find you talking to anyone, including me, about this matter, I will have to sack you."It was a sobering thought for a young man with a wife and two children.But his boss's backing extended to sneakily buying one of the precious new dictation recorders, and chalking it up as "an instrument required for the laboratory…"Encouraged, Dr Warren wrote up his idea in a report, titled "A Device for Assisting Investigation into Aircraft Accidents", and sent it out across the industry.The ARL ‘Black Box’ Flight Recorder – Invention and MemoryThe pilots' union responded with fury, branding the recorder a snooping device, and insisted "no plane would take off in Australia with Big Brother listening".That was one of his better reviews.Australia's civilian aviation authorities declared it had "no immediate significance", and the air force feared it would "yield more expletives than explanations".Dr Warren was tempted to pack it all in.However, Dr Warren took to his garage and assembled his 20-year-old radio parts. He'd decided the only way to overcome his critics' mockery and suspicion was to build a solid prototype.It would be the first ever "black box" flight recorder.Flight Memory Recorder – Dr David Warren’s InventionOne day in 1958, when the little flight recorder shown above had been finished and finessed, the lab received an unusual visitor. Dr Coombes, the chief superintendent, was showing round a friend from England."Dave!" he said, "Tell him what you're doing!"Dr Warren explained: his world-first prototype used steel wire to store four hours of pilot voices plus instrument readings and automatically erased older records so it was reusable.There was a pause, then the visitor said: "I say Coombes old chap, that's a damn good idea. Put that lad on the next courier, and we'll show it in London."The courier was a Hastings transport aircraft, like the one pictured above, making a run to England. You had to know somebody pretty powerful to get a seat on it. Dr Warren wondered who this man was who was giving away tickets round the world to somebody he'd never met.The answer was Robert Hardingham (later Sir Robert), the secretary of the British Air Registration Board and a former Air Vice-Marshal in the RAF.In David's words: "He was a hero. And he was a friend of Coombes, and if he gave away a seat, you took it."A few weeks later, Dr Warren was on a plane bound for England - with strict instructions not to tell Australia's Department of Defence what he was really doing there, because "somebody would frown on it".In a near-unbelievable irony, the plane lost an engine over the Mediterranean.Dr Warren recalled: "I said, 'Chaps, we seem to have lost a donk - does anyone want to go back?' But we'd come from Tunisia and it was about 45 degrees overnight. We didn't want to go back to that hellhole."They decided they could make it if they ploughed on.He recorded the rest of the flight, thinking that even if he died in that limping transport plane, "at least I'd have proved the bastards wrong!""But unfortunately we didn't prang - we just landed safely…"In England, Dr Warren presented "the ARL Flight Memory Unit" to the Royal Aeronautical Establishment and some commercial instrument-makers.The Brits loved it. The BBC ran TV and radio programmes examining it, and the British civil aviation authority started work to make the device mandatory in civil aircraft.A Middlesex firm, S Davall and Sons, approached ARL about the production rights, and kicked off manufacturing.Though the device started to be called "the black box", the first ones off the line were orange so they'd be easier to find after a crash - and they remain so today.Peter Warren believes the name dates from a 1958 interview his father gave the BBC."Right at the end there was a journalist who referred to this as a 'black box'. It's a generic word from electronics engineering, and the name stuck.Then, on 10th June 1960, the Fokker Friendship aircraft VH-TFB shown above, operated by Trans Australia Airlines (TAA) was on approach at night to land at Mackay, Queensland, Australia when it crashed into the sea. All 29 people on board Trans Australia Airlines Flight 538 were killed.The subsequent Board of Accident Inquiry did not determine a particular cause. The aircraft had flown into the ocean for no apparent reason. One of the recommendations made was that passenger-carrying aircraft of the size of the F-27 and larger should be equipped with Flight Data Recorders. The recommendation took a further three years to become law.The ad above appeared in the publication Aeroplane on July 28th 1966, charting the rapid evolution of S. Davall & Sons data recorder products from the original design over the intervening years.Classic British Aviation Industry AdvertisementsToday, black boxes are fire-proof, ocean-proof and encased in steel. And they are compulsory on every commercial flight.It's impossible to say how many people owe their lives to data captured in the death throes of a failing plane - to the flaws exposed, and the safety innovations that followed.David Warren worked at ARL until his retirement in 1983, becoming its principal research scientist. He died on 19 July, 2010, at the age of 85.For more detail and TV footage from 1958 of David Warren explaining his invention to the BBC, please follow the link below.This little-known inventor has probably saved your lifeWhat is in a black box?

Almost.My husband's youngest sibling, his sister, was to be wed on Mother's Day. Also invited were my parents, and my grandmother.It was to be a huge wedding with invitations going to all my inlaws’ neighbors, my father-in-law's business associates and employees, and my mother-in-law's colleagues.The location of the wedding meant there had to be an overnight stay at a hotel. I asked for help finding a sitter at the hotel for our daughter, three and a half years old. The answer that came back was, “No, all the young people would be at the wedding. Ask the hotel to find you someone.”I asked if she could stay with whomever would be watching my husband's brother’s girls who were four and five years old. I was told that they’d be at the wedding and a sitter would be present to watch them when they ran out of steam, but my well-behaved child could not be included. Three kids were too many, and a second sitter was not acceptable.Leaving our three and a half year old with a stranger was not within my comfort zone. Leaving her at home with friends would not be convenient as it was Mother's Day and everyone had elaborate plans.I suggested that my husband attend the wedding and I'd stay home with our daughter. It was not ideal, but I saw no other solution.My mother-in-law said I could not insult my sister-in-law by declining to attend!I explained that I had no other options.The week before the wedding, the rules changed. Suddenly it was acceptable for our daughter to attend. I scrambled to get dresses and shoes for us.At the wedding, my “punishment” was that our daughter was seated with us at our table. She'd had an afternoon nap and she behaved beautifully during the ceremony and the reception.I cannot say the same about the nieces. They ran down the aisle as flower girl and junior bridesmaid. They chattered throughout the ceremony. They were rambunctious throughout the reception, and finally had to be carried out by their parents as they threw tantrums because they wanted their cake to be served now!The worst thing our daughter did was to fall asleep across two chairs when her dad would not let me take her to the hotel alone.

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