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Not only was it an actual position - it still is.Nottingham itself appointed its first sheriff in 1466. Previously, from the time of the Norman Conquest, the town would have come under the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. King John died in 1216, so at the time he was on the English throne the Sheriff would have actually held this title. This date is also about 70 years after the first literary reference to Robin Hood.Louis Rhead's classic illustration of the sheriff. The Sheriff of Nottingham is generally depicted as an unjust tyrant who mistreats the local people, subjecting them to unaffordable taxes. Robin Hood fights against him, stealing from the rich, and the Sheriff, in order to give to the poor; a characteristic for which Robin Hood is best known.For most of the period usually depicted in stories and films, being the sheriff was an unpaid position. In fact, the sheriffs had to pay the king a yearly sum to keep their offices. This sum was called the ‘farm’ of the county. However, the sheriffs usually made far more from their various duties administering the shires (like collecting taxes) than the crown asked for - a good reason why the Sheriff of Nottingham is often depicted as a pantomime villain:The excellent late Alan Rickman as the villainous sheriff. In reality, the sheriffs really didn't report all of their income, especially from such sources as being bribed to look the other way, arranging false arrests and so on.In 1170, Henry II led an inquest to make the sheriffs a group of professional administrators, and King John actually held an inquiry in 1213. So from 1450 until 1835, the office was shared between two people, one of whom may have been chosen by the Mayor, the other by the town council.One of these was Philip Marc, High Sheriff Of Nottinghamshire And Derbyshire. Here he is in his Disney incarnation:Philip Marc was Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire from 1209 to 1224. In the television series Robin of Sherwood, Philip Mark appeared in one episode, replaced the series' fictional sheriff, and was killed at the end. The real Marc was much more of a survivor. In 1213, King John had some sheriffs dismissed and arrested - but although Mark was not an English native, he kept his job.According to J.C. Holt:Philip's conduct of his shrievalty included robbery, false arrest, unjust disseisin, and persistent attacks on local landed interests, both secular and ecclesiastical... ( J.C. Holt, The Northerners, p. 230)But even after this attempted reform, some sheriffs like Sir Robert Ingram, remained in league with outlaws. This sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire was an ally of the Coterel gang, notorious 14th century outlaws:The Coterel gang enjoyed a high degree of official ‘protection’. Even Roger de Wennesley, Lord of Mappleton who was sent to arrest them in 1330 ended up joining them. Members of the clergy also joined the gang. Some of these real life Friar Tucks were amongst two hundred gang members who were arrested in November 1331, when the Sheriff of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire finally moved against them.Other sheriffs, like John de Oxenford, were outlawed themselves. But probably the best known opponent of Robin Hood tales is remembered as the iniquitous Sir Guy of Gisbourne. He’s mentioned in some original English ‘Robin Hood’ ballads: first appearing in Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne (Child Ballad 118), where he is a hired killer who attempts to kill Robin Hood but is killed by him. But there isn’t any actually any evidence of a historical Guy of Gisborne, certainly not in the position of Sheriff of Nottingham.Encounter between Guy and Robin, Headpiece to "Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne" 1847. In the TV series, Sir Guy of Gisborn is played by Richard Armitage as a dark, brooding villain, always clad in black leather:In complete contrast to any of these dastardly villains, today there is again just one Sheriff of Nottingham: Councillor Patience Uloma Ifediora, who was born and raised in Enugu, Nigeria:And rather than to extort money from the poor or to oppress the local serfs, her role is welcome tourists and conference visitors to the city and to promote local tourism in the area.How times change.Sheriff of Nottingham - WikipediaThe Real Robin Hoods: 5 Outlaw Gangs of Medieval EnglandPhilip Marc - Wikipedia.

Longshore Drift (littoral drift)Longshore drift is a process responsible for moving significant amounts of sediment along the coast. This usually occurs in one direction as dictated by the prevailing wind. For example, the prevailing wind along the Holderness Coast is north-easterly. As the result waves break on to the beach obliquely at an angle of around 45 degrees. The swash moves beach material along the beach and the backwash, under gravity, pulls the material back down the beach at right angles to the coastline. Over time this creates a net shift of material along the coast.Where the removal of beach material exceeds the supply erosion occurs. This is illustrated in the photograph below where a large rock groyne at Mappleton stops the supply of new beach material. As the result longshore drift transports material from the beach to the south of the groyne and is not replenished. This leads to a lack of beach material and therefore protection for the soft, boulder clay cliffs.Longshore drift transports material along the length of the Holderness Coast. At the southern-most edge of the Holderness Coast material is then deposited forming Spurn Point, a coastal spit.