Chapter 1 Review Matter And Change: Fill & Download for Free

Thesis writing is arguably among the most undervalued phases of a Ph.D.Technically speaking, your thesis writing should have started since Day 1 of your Ph.D! This is because, every bit of your documented work contributes to your thesis.Let me explain this through my own experience last year, for my thesis.I gathered every bit of documentation I had ever made. These include (some obvious, others not):(i) All of my authored research papers(ii) All of my previous annual Ph.D progress reports(iii) Each and every weekly/bi-weekly report I made for myself or my advisor(iv) Rough notebooks for daily work(v) Log books containing every experimental result (including failed ones)I found that a journal paper contributes to at least, one-half, or a full chapter of my thesis. Conference papers may form smaller parts. I segregated my papers, and they gave me most of the matter for my technical chapters (Chapter 3 onwards, barring the Conclusion).Though the above provides most of the material for a chapter, one important thing most people overlook, is connecting the dots. i.e. flow of the thesis. This you get from your weekly reports and daily work, so do maintain those!One thing not mentioned in point 1 is literature review compilation. Everyone requires it for Chapters 1 and 2. Ensure that your literature review is well maintained and up to date (research findings change regularly!).Once I had everything ready, I started writing. I devoted most of my time and energy to Chapters 1 and 2, since these set the tone for the thesis and that is what people may look at, first.It usually takes 2–4 months to get a first draft ready, post-which there would be multiple revisions, generally suggested by the advisor.Good Luck!

I have read the answers below. Unfortunately, they are driven more by emotions than by analysis and data. I quote below a recent World Bank report:Urgent Structural Reforms Can Revive Pakistan’s Economic GrowthPakistan’s economic growth will decelerate to 3.4 percent in FY19 and 2.7 percent in FY20, as fiscal and monetary policies are tightened to address macroeconomic imbalances. Domestic demand is expected to contract while at the same time export growth will be gradual. On the supply side, services growth, which has been leading growth in the past, is projected to decline to 4.4 percent in FY19 compared to 6.4 percent in FY18. The agriculture and industrial sectors will also grow significantly lower in FY19 and FY20.Growth is expected to recover to 4% in FY21 as structural reforms take effect and macroeconomic conditions improve. Remittances flows are likely to support the current account balance next year. A more stable external environment will also support a pickup in economic activity starting from FY21. The trade deficit is projected to remain elevated during FY19, but to narrow in FY20 and FY21 as the impacts of currency depreciation, domestic demand compression, and other regulatory measures to curb imports set in.“Pakistan’s growth must be driven by investment and productivity, which will put an end to the boom and bust cycles that affect the country every few years,” said Illango Patchamuthu, World Bank Country Director for Pakistan. “It is entirely possible for Pakistan to transform its regulatory environment and reduce the cost of doing business. On the revenue front, reforms to improve tax administration and widen the tax base are critical. Over the adjustment period and beyond, actions outlined in the recently announced Ehsaas Program can protect the poor and vulnerable through social safety nets and safeguarding public spending on health and education.”In other words, Pakistan’s economy is not collapsing or crashing. It is just growing very slowly. India is growing at around 6–7%. Makes a very big difference, but Pakistan is not collapsing.Here is what the World Bank says about Bangladesh:Bangladesh Development Update: Regulatory Predictability Can Sustain High GrowthBangladesh economy continues to be among the fastest growing economies in the world, thanks to stable macro and export-oriented industry-led growthIn other words, India and Bangladesh are doing much better than Pakistan. But, Pakistan is not crashing - it’s just growing slower, at rates that India had in the 1970s.Don’t rule out the possibility that in 5 years Pakistan begins to grow at higher rates. That will not put it ahead of India, which has an enormous lead and a much better economic system. Bangladesh has also figured out its growth plan. Pakistan may also do it in the medium term.Update September 2019It’s not going well for Pakistan. IMF SOS mission to arrive in PakistanInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) is sending its SOS (Save Our Soul) mission to Pakistan for suggesting ways to the cash-strapped government to curtail the budget deficit being faced by the country.The IMF expressed concern over Pakistan’s economic performance in the first two months and is sending its SOS mission to Islamabad.Pakistan rupee has been falling. It’s now over PKR 156 = $ 1. Pakistan is in for a tough economic time. Exchange Rate Average (US Dollar, Pakistani Rupee)It’s not a collapse. But, Pakistan is yet to find a path to financial stability. This is not an easy task, given where Pakistan was. Let’s see where they are in three months - by the end of 2019.Update October 3, 2019There is a news report that says:Pakistan’s army chief holds private meetings to shore up economyPakistan’s already powerful military is taking an even greater role in running the country as the economy stumbles.Army chief Qamar Javed Bajwa has privately met top business leaders to find ways to bolster the economy, according to people familiar with the matter. The three meetings Bloomberg is aware of took place this year at heavily guarded military offices in Karachi, the financial capital, and Rawalpindi, a northern town that houses the army’s headquarters.That’s bad news.Update November 11, 2019It’s tough to find good economic new from Pakistan. Here is one report:Surge in Bad Loans Poses New Risks to Pakistan Economy’s RevivalA quick economic revival may elude Pakistan’s economy as soured debt at the nation’s banks increases at the fastest pace in eight years, constraining their ability to boost lending.Here’s another report: ‘The Middle-Class Person Is Dying.’ Pakistan’s Tax Push Is Deflating Its Leader’s Political Base.The middle-class person is dying,” said Kaiser Mahmood, a salesman in a shoe store in the sprawling Raja Bazaar commercial center in Rawalpindi, a northern city next to the capital that provided important support for Mr. Khan’s party in the election. “Food prices have rocketed, electricity bills have rocketed. People don’t have any money left over to come here to buy shoes.”One more. Why Pakistanis Are Marching Against Imran KhanThe economy is floundering despite a recent IMF bailout, and structural problems make it hard to envision a turnaround.BUT, note this: International Monetary Fund praises Pakistan's economic performance, approves loan tranche of $450 million for Islamabad - FirstpostInternational Monetary Fund praises Pakistan's economic performance, approves loan tranche of $450 million for Islamabad.In short, Pakistan is gong through the difficult task - with major short-run pain - of fixing its economy for future economic growth. Much will depend upon the Government’s ability to sell this message convincingly to people who are suffering the pain because the gains will not come for several years.Update December 3, 2019Moody’s has update Pakistan’s rating from negative to stable.Moody's changes Pakistan's outlook to stable from negative, affirms B3 ratingSingapore, December 02, 2019 -- Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") has today affirmed the Government of Pakistan's local and foreign currency long-term issuer and senior unsecured debt ratings at B3 and changed the outlook to stable from negative.The change in outlook to stable is driven by Moody's expectations that the balance of payments dynamics will continue to improve, supported by policy adjustments and currency flexibility. Such developments reduce external vulnerability risks, although foreign exchange reserve buffers remain low and will take time to rebuild. Moreover, while fiscal strength has weakened with higher debt levels largely as a result of currency depreciation, ongoing fiscal reforms, including through the country's International Monetary Fund (IMF) programme, will mitigate risks related to debt sustainability and government liquidity.That’s certainly good news for Pakistan. But, not very good news. Look at where B3 is on Moody’s scale. Way down below. India is at Baa2. Bangladesh at Ba3. Sri Lanka at B2. Pakistan still has a lot of hard work ahead.Update Feb 20, 2020Pakistan had a good visit from an IMF delegation that came to review progress. The IMF team commended Pakistan on the considerable progress made during the last few months in advancing reforms and continuing with sound economic policies. Part of the change is the exchange rate, which has declined from $ 1 = PKR 140 in March 2019 to $ 1 = PKR 155 now.One key problem is that inflation is running at around 12–13% now. That’s too high, and it hurts the common people. The IMF thinks “inflation should start to see a declining trend as the pass-through of exchange rate depreciation has been absorbed and supply-side constraints appear to be temporary.” Ok - but it’s a tough spot for the people to be in.Update June 2020The coronavirus has hit Pakistan hard - just like all other countries. However, it has created internal problems in Pakistan - according to this news report Army Tightens Grip On Pakistan As Imran Khan's Popularity Wanes. Is it accurate? I have no way to know. But, if it is accurate, Pakistan’s economy is badly down and so is the government. Now, the economy is down everywhere, but not the governments. If Pakistan is going through a quasi-coup, that’s bad news for Pakistan.Off-topic April 2021I am now writing a book (about 100 pages) with the title “India’s Economy: A Bold, New Agenda for the Next 10–15 Years.” An early draft of Chapter 1 is available on my Linkedin account at this link. All comments welcome at [email protected] Mathur on LinkedIn: Very rough draft for commentsI am attaching a very rough draft of Chapter 1 of my forthcoming book "India's Economy: A Bold, New Agenda for the Next 10-15 Years." All comments welcome...https://tinyurl.com/43u3ec74

Wow, that was some hilarious scriptural and mathematical gymnastics.I have written before that Bhagavad Gita is purely a religious and spiritual treatise, not a scientific one.[1][2] Chapter 13 in particular is about Prakriti and Purusha, and Kshetra and Kshetrajya. You can translate it into the differentiation between body/matter and soul, and between the field and the knower. It then talks about higher qualities and the path to attain the level of the Supreme and Moksha. I don’t want to butcher the philosophy by going into any further detail, but here are two good sources if you want to go further. S. Radhakrishnan has a translation and commentary of the Gita.[3] Shankara has a much more elaborate commentary, which has been translated by Alladi Mahadeva Shastri.[4]Meanwhile, the shared pdf is some sort of bizarro bullshit.It claims to interpret the chapter based upon the mathematics of n-dimensional fields in Clifford algebras. It is supposed to be related to their psychic field theory (which is not a real theory, I checked). But what follows is a disconnected, purposeless cludge of algebra.I must warn that I am not a math major. But I am a theoretical physicist and consider myself qualified enough to understand the mathematics there.The article starts with definitions of Clifford algebra. It then defines a “psychic field” which has “psychic coordinates” in addition to space and time, and psychic source, excitation and intensity fields. It goes on to define Maxwell-like equations connecting psychic and soul fields, sources and currents.And it only gets more bizarre from then on. It starts interpreting the Maxwell-like equations. Psychic charges excite the psychic realm apparently, with the male and female psyches having positive and negative charges, respectively. The changes in the soul excitation field set up a soul current vector, and the soul current, in turn, sets up a soul excitation which radiates through psychic space. A beneficial relationship between two individuals is established if their soul inductions loop a psychic current in the same direction. Love and hate are additive and subtractive couplings of soul induction fields. Finally, psychic fields have traveling wave solutions.Sorry, it is hard to summarise. Please read the whole thing for yourself.At this point, you might have three questions.First one: What the fuck was that? I know, I don’t get it either.Second one: What is the basis for all this? None. There is no motivation for these definitions, no predictions of the “theory” that are testable, nothing. Just some weird math pulled out of nowhere.And the most important, third one: Where is Bhagavad Gita in all this?And the answer is that, though we are at page 21/26 of the content (don’t worry, these are small pages with giant fonts), Bhagavad Gita has not been introduced yet. That comes later. The next five pages are simply quotes from the Gita, with the following one-line “conclusions”Psychic charges have sources only in the first four dimensions?The wave equation has non-causal solutionsThat’s it. No derivation or proof, nothing. Not going deep into Gita either. And once again, no predictions or explanations for the real world.What a waste of everything.To me, this is a clear instance of someone with a loony “psychic” theory trying to piggyback on esoteric spirituality. Meanwhile, someone else ends up thinking that it is some sort of mathematical justification for their religious scripture.All in all, it is a bit surprising because the author Robert W. Newcomb seems to be a real researcher.[5] But then, some researchers also have a few utterly unscientific and loony ideas. There is a reason you found this on a random pdf on the internet rather than a peer-reviewed publication.PS: My answers against pseudoscience and such scriptural gymnastics are aggregated here.Footnotes[1] Raziman T.V. (റസിമാൻ ടി.വി.)'s answer to Is it true that Ancient Indians already knew about matter and energy equivalence?[2] Raziman T.V. (റസിമാൻ ടി.വി.)'s answer to Was the existence of atoms mentioned in Bhagwad Geeta chapter 8 verse 9?[3] Bhagavad Gita By S Radhakrishnan : S Radhakrishnan : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[4] Bhagavad-Gita with the Commentary of Sri Shankaracharya, translated to English by Alladi Mahadeva Sastri : Shankaracharya, Alladi Mahadeva Sastri : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[5] Microsystems Laboratory