Norman Cohn: Fill & Download for Free

Protocols of the Elders of Zion. (Which was a plaigerism of a book intended as a satire on Napoleon 3rd. Warrant for Genocide by Norman Cohn gives and excellent account. (And is out of print, oddly enough.)Adam Smith's notion that markets always self-correct comes a close second.

Complicated, as Tim O'Neill says. Certainly varied from churchman to churchman, some being paranoiacs who saw witches everywhere and others who scoffed at peasant superstition, and official policy handed down by the Pope changed from time to time. A good book on the matter is 'Europe's Inner Demons' by Norman Cohn, which explores the origin of the witch stereotype, it's links to heresy and why in late Middle Ages and early modern period it came to the fore. He comes to few firm conclusions.

Look, I don't want to be rude or anything- but no one here has actually answered the question properly.I seem to notice people here are simply guessing that Hitler’s hated Communism because politically Socialism and Nazism are polar opposites, therefore they have to hate each other. Although it is true both Marxism and Nazism are utterly different political ideologys, the real reason behind Hitler’s strong Anti-Communism has nothing to do with politics itself.There is no evidence that before 1919, Hitler hated Communism because of it’s ideological standpoint. Hitler lacked theoretical grounding in his political view’s when he was younger and hated only three thing’s politically: first being the Jews, then being the treaty of Versailles, and thirdly the “Marxists” by which he meant the Social Democrats, not the Communists whom Hitler and his Nazi Party shared close ties with. So no, Hitler did not hate Marxism because it was different.There is a much deeper answer to such a simple, yet complicated question.Now, to answer the question.Hitler’s anti-communist hysteria originated after he established a connection between World Jewry and Bolshevism upon reading The Protocols of Elder Zion, a notorious and well-known Judeophobic novel containing leaked “documents” surrounding a Jewish conspiracy against European culture. Many Right wing circles saw the Bolshevik revolution, which had a high proportion of Jewish participators, as the beginning of a Yiddish take over the protocols had described. It didn't take long for Hitler to conclude that the Jews were using Bolshevism, as a political entity, to take over and destroy Europe.Photo: An original edition of The Protocols of Elder Zion translated by V.F Vinberg. This book laid the foundations of Hitler’s Strong ideological Anti-Communism.The Protocols are said to have been brought to Hitler’s attention by Alfred Rosenberg, an Anti-Semitic Anti-Communist Baltic German who fled Lenin’s Socialist utopia in 1917. It was he who not only convinced Hitler that Bolshevism and Judaism where linked together, but the entire Nazi Party, which shifted the National Socialist ideology towards not only strong Anti-Semitism, but strong Anti-Communism. As Norman Cohn wrote in his book: “A Warrant for Genocide: The myth of the Jewish world conspiracy” page 253–254:Rosenberg left a permanent mark on Nazi ideology. The party was rabidly anti-Jewish from the moment of its foundation in 1919, but became obsessed with Russian Communism only in 1919–1921; and this seems to have been largely Rosenberg’s doing. He provided the link between Russian anti-Semitism of the Black Hundred type and the anti-Semitism of the German racists; more precisely, he took Vinberg’s[1] view of Bolshevism as a Jewish Conspiracy and reinterpreted in it Vökisch racist terms.Hitler had only two major political goals: the destruction of Jewry and the expansion into Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space). All other elements of his rule- whether it be privatisation or militarism, where only there to meet these end’s.The Right-Wing Russian emigrants (including Rosenberg) who linked Judaism with Communism allowed Hitler to connect these two objectives together. Thus Hitler’s hatred towards Bolshevism originated from the raving Right-Wing Russian extremist that scapegoated Judaism with the Communist “catastrophe” that destroyed Tsarist Russia in 1917.Footnote’s:[1] Born in Kiev to a Baltic German family, V.F Vinberg was an extremely anti-Semitic White emigre. He translated the Protocols from Russian to German in 1920, and strongly believed (liked Rosenberg) that Bolshevism and Judaism where both interconnected. He advocated for the extermination of Jew’s and some Authors, like Richard Pipe’s- blame him for inspiring the Holocaust.