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In 2015, the EU published its roadmap for complete economic and monetary union by 2025.In 2016, the UK expressed its intention to leave the EU, thereby enabling the EU to press ahead with its grand objectives.In 2017, the EU published a document stating that all non euro members are legally committed to joining the euro eventually.There are five recognised candidates for future membership of the European Union: Turkey (applied on 14 April 1987), Macedonia (applied on 22 March 2004), Montenegro (applied in 2008), Albania (applied in 2009), and Serbia (applied in 2009).All except Albania and Macedonia have started accession negotiations. Kosovo, whose independence is not recognised by five EU member states, and Bosnia and Herzegovina are recognised as potential candidates for membership by the EU.Bosnia and Herzegovina has formally submitted an application for membership, while Kosovo has a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the EU, which generally precedes the lodging of membership application.In July 2014, Jean-Claude Juncker announced that the EU has no plans to expand before 2019 while Serbia and Montenegro, the most advanced candidates, are expected to join before 2025. While the others are progressing, Turkish talks are at an effective standstill.

Are you referring to the 2016 EU Membership Referendum?If so, it was Nigel Farage.He led UKIP to an historic victory at the 2014 EU Elections, where they became the first party other than Labour or Tory to win the popular vote at a national election since 1906 and the first party other than Labour or Tory to win the largest seat share at a national election since 1910.He then managed the very public defections of Tory MPs.This pressured David Cameron into including an EU membership application in the 2015 Tory Manifesto, which then led to the first majority Tory Government since 1992.

Ireland, before 1973, was a very protectionist nation that placed strong restrictions on imports. The economy was mostly agricultural based and depended heavily on exports to the United Kingdom. High unemployment and poverty made the nation an emigrant country that suffered from ‘brain-drain’. Joining the European Economic Community (now EU) had long been seen as a solution to its many problems. The EEC, primarily founded upon the principle of free trade, didn’t want the poor and protectionist nation to join the bloc and vetoed early membership applications in the sixties.After 1973 Irish companies gained access to a common market that would grow to encompass 510 million people. Ireland liberalized it’s economy and combined with it’s new low corporate taxes became an enticing place for the headquarters of foreign companies that wanted to do business in the European Union. Foreign investment was just 16 million euro* in 1972. Foreign companies invested 5,5 billion dollars in the nation in 2015 alone.The other big component of the Irish economic growth came from high investments made by the EU into the country. Just driving around in Ireland you can see the results from infrastructure projects, sponsored by the EU. From the start of it’s membership in 1973 till 2014** the country received 72 billion euro’s in aid (while paying approximately 30 billion euro’s).In conclusion: you have partially answered your own question: it was EEC membership, combined with better internal policies that led to an Irish economic turn-around.I don’t think the religious overtones in a nation have a lot of bearing on it’s prosperity: the USA is, for example, one of the most religious Western nations and managed to become the wealthiest and most powerful country on the planet. Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands, in contrast, have low levels of religious participation and also saw high economic growth. Ireland has become less religious over time but that doesn’t seem to have had any impact on the growth since 1972.*That’s an estimate as Ireland (obviously) didn’t use the Euro in 1972**I couldn’t find more recent figures. Ireland was (in 2015) still (just barely) a netto receiver. Assuming their growth trajectory continues they will probably become netto-payers in the next decade)