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I viewed some answers above, I felt many answers didn't get the main point.The truth is: nobody of the 5 wants to share their rights.Everyone of the 5 says they agree to extend the council but actually they don't. Because it will add the bargain cost.USA government says they support Japan to get into the council because USA knows Russia and China will veto. USA says like this way to keep Japan in hand to deploy USA army.China supports Germany to the council because China knows USA and France will veto. Guess for what interest.USA and Russia says they support India because they know China will veto. For what interest? Weapon sales.So now do you understand what game they are playing?

If Russia loses its seat on the UN Security Council, that will be the end of the UN Security Council, and potentially the UN as an organization. The Security Council is supposed to be a venue where the nuclear states discuss foreign policy disputes in an effort to avoid nuclear war. Given that Russia alongside the US has the most powerful nuclear arsenal in the world, it is essential that they remain in the security council. Without Russia, security council would be pointless. It’s not meant to be a venue where the US can impose dictates on the rest of the world. It’s meant to be a venue for dialogue.

Many people have misunderstandings about the permanent members of the UN Security Council.They knew nothing about international politics, and they thought it was the UN Security Council that gave five nations power.In fact, the opposite is true. It is these five countries that have empowered the United Nations and the Security Council.The United Nations does not have its own revenue source or standing army. So what power does the United Nations have? If these five countries do not support the United Nations, the United Nations will certainly not achieve anything.India, Japan, Brazil and Germany have long been eager to become permanent members of the Security Council, but in fact they have not understood the core of the matter.If you are a powerless country, you still lack power even if you join the Security Council. The Security Council cannot strengthen your power.If you are a very powerful country, you will have great power without joining the Security Council. In fact, if you are truly a powerful country, the Security Council will actively invite you to join.So what country will become a permanent member of the Security Council?A country that can mess up a Security Council resolution should be invited to join the Security Council.For example, during the Korean War in the 1950s, the UN forces had crossed the 38-degree line and were about to wipe out North Korea. However, China did not agree with the UN's actions, so China sent troops to expel the UN troops back south of the 38-degree line.During the Vietnam War of the 1960s and 1970s, although it was not a UN action, China blocked US forces' plans to eliminate North Vietnam.This made the United States realize that its actions in Asia would not have been possible without China's cooperation.If China needs cooperation, the only way is to consult with China. Therefore, China must be added to the Security Council, a consultative body.That makes the Council exist for consultation. Why give 5 countries veto power? Because when one of the countries does not agree with a plan, the plan should not be implemented. If the plan is enforced, opponents will be able to invalidate the plan, which will also lead to shame at the United Nations.Therefore, a country capable of undermining Security Council resolutions should not be outside the Security Council.If at some point in the future, one of India, Japan, Germany, and Brazil successfully messes up a Security Council resolution, it is time for that country to be invited to join the Security Council's permanent membership.