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1. Westachsische Hochschule Zwickau University of Applied SciencesEstablished since 1897 with the solar panel installation in front of this one of the best Automotive School in Europe which offers both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in automotive engineering. For a greater education system, Automotive Engineering major allows student to specialize their major by choices which consists of car body engineering, automotive service, or internal combustion engines.2. University of LeedsRanked 4th in the UK in Mechanical Engineering Major by the Times Good University Guide 2014 and 5th by The Complete University Guide 2015. But more specifically than Mechanical Engineering, automotive engineering program is also a consistent part. You will also have the opportunity to work on the Formula Student Car which is a big attraction for this course as well as providing you with an excellent chance to put theory into practice. Automotive Engineering in University of Leeds is a four year program while the first two years is willing to share the same courses to other five degrees after that years three and four you will undertake specialist modules according to your chosen degree course.3. Chalmers University of TechnologyApproximately 40% of Sweden’s graduate engineers and architects are educated at Chalmers. Ranking the 38th in the world and the 1st in Sweden. The automotive engineering program that focusses more on 3 essential keys those are powertrain, vehicle dynamics and safety and more likely innovation and environmentalism, plus costs and safety is set for the courses of Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. The program will be based on lectures, large assignments, simulations and experiments, and these are willing to practice as real case studies, or using other similar methods, with assistance from industrial tools.4. University of MichiganConsider as one of the oldest University and also rated in the top best Colleges of Engineering in the country. Degree of Automotive engineering in University of Michigan is set to be Sequential Undergraduate. It means that automotive engineering is only available for Master Degree. In order to complete the automotive engineering, you have to firstly complete B.S.E. Mechanical Engineering. The program of the degree is designed to give student such strengths in modern automotive systems, engineering fundamentals, enhanced interdisciplinary skills, and the teamwork skills necessary to guide product and process development in this rapidly evolving field.5. Kettering UniversityKettering University formerly General Motors Institute and GMI Engineering and Management Institute is a small university with only approximately 3000 students in Flint, Michigan. Automotive Engineering only available for master degree which is under control of the department of Mechanical engineering. Students can decide to enroll in the automotive specialty gain greater insight into automotive engineering through classes such as Engine Design, Vehicle Performance and Transmission Design as well as Chassis Design.6. Cornell UniversityCornell University does not normally provide the specific major on Automotive engineering but offers variety of engineering degrees. Still, Cornell is an eight-time champion of the Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) competition which is always competed by many groups of students focus on automotive part.7. University of Texas at AustinThe top ranked of engineering education, The University of Texas at Austin’s Cokrell School of Engineering ties in sixth place with Texas A&M University. With the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) , the University of Texas provide the chance for students to experience hands-on engineering and apply theory into practice also compete for a better skill in automotive engineering. University of Texas at Austin is the fifth-largest single-campus enrollment in the country, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students.7. University of Texas at AustinThe top ranked of engineering education, The University of Texas at Austin’s Cokrell School of Engineering ties in sixth place with Texas A&M University. With the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) , the University of Texas provide the chance for students to experience hands-on engineering and apply theory into practice also compete for a better skill in automotive engineering. University of Texas at Austin is the fifth-largestsingle-campus enrollment in the country, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students.8. Virginia PolytechnicVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, in short “Virginia Tech”. Providing 225 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to some 31,000 students and manages a research portfolio of more than $454 million. In term of completing automotive engineering in Virginia Tech, it means that completing mechanical engineering but just separate it into fields of interest, which automotive would take part. Virginia Tech normally always participates in the FSAE championships and is the local leading institution of the U.S. car racing industry established in North Carolina.9. University of California, DavisFounded in 1905 locates in City of Davis as the name of the University in Northern California. Over 100 years already, University of California, Davis has promoted itself from being a pioneering “ag” school into a university that is ranked among the top 10 public universities in the nation. University of California, Davis ranks Number 8 among the nation’s top public research universities. Along with the system of practical education, University of California, Davis ranks among the top engineering programs, according to “U.S. News and World Report.”10. Clemson University, South CarolinaFounded in 1889, one of the country’s most selective public research universities, Clemson University. The Department of Automotive Engineering has been designed in Clemson University in order to emphasis just in automotive part which is completely different from most other universities. Currently, there are more than 200 students are pursuing graduate degrees in automotive engineering. The pride of Clemson would be both the nation’s first Ph.D. in automotive engineering (Dr. John Limroth) and the nation’s first female Ph.D. in automotive engineering (Dr. Ala Qattawi) have been produced there. In 2011, Clemson University’s Department of Automotive Engineering received a $1 million competitive award from the Department of Energy’s Graduate Automotive Technology Education, or GATE, division. These funds were devoted to building a center for research and education in sustainable vehicle systems. The enrichment of automotive education tools are all available at Clemson for research. The faculty and staffs in department of automotive engineering at Clemson, can professionally produce the exclusive human resources in this field while just the only point of the whole department.

This is a select list of institutions that receive WES evaluation reports. It should not be construed as an endorsement by any organization.A.T. Still University (ATSU)AACOMASAACPMASAcademy of Art UniversityACOTRO-Assoc of Can. Occupational Therapy Reg OrgsAcsenda School of ManagementAdams State UniversityADEA-AADSASADEA-CAAPIDADEA-DHCASADEA-PASSAdelphi UniversityAdler UniversityAdler University (IL)Adventist University of Health SciencesAHCASAIB College of BusinessAims Community CollegeAlabama A & M UniversityAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesAlbany State UniversityAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAlberta College of Occupational TherapistsAlberta College of Speech-Language PathologisAlberta Health and WellnessAlberta Institute of AgrologistsAlberta Real Estate AssociationAlcorn State UniversityAlexander CollegeAlgoma UniversityAlgonquin College of Applied Arts and TechnologyAmerican Board For Certification of Teacher ExcellAmerican Board of Medical MicrobiologyAmerican College of EducationAmerican College of Traditional Chinese MedicineAmerican InterContinental University (AIU Online)American Public University SystemAmerican Sentinel UniversityAmerican Training School for Medical ProfessionalsAmerican UniversityAmerican University of AntiguaAnabaptist Mennonite Biblical SeminaryAncilla CollegeAnderson University (SC)Andrews UniversityAnne Arundel Community CollegeAnoka-Ramsey Community CollegeAntioch University (CA)AOMA Graduate School of Integrative MedicineAPPA CASAppalachian State UniversityArab Community Centre of Toronto (ACCT)Arcadia UniversityArchCASArizona CollegeArizona School of Acupuncture & Oriental MedicineArizona State UniversityArkansas State UniversityArkansas Tech UniversityArt Academy of CincinnatiArt Institute of AtlantaArt Institute of California - HollywoodArt Institute of California - Los AngelesArt Institute of California - Orange CountyArt Institute of California - San FranciscoArt Institute of Fort LauderdaleArt Institute of HoustonArt Institute of IndianapolisArt Institute of JacksonvilleArt Institute of Las VegasArt Institute of MichiganArt Institute of MinnesotaArt Institute of PhiladelphiaArt Institute of PhoenixArt Institute of Pittsburgh - Online DivisionArt Institute of PortlandArt Institute of SeattleArt Institute of TucsonArt Institute of VancouverArt Institute of Virginia BeachArt Institute of WashingtonArt Institute of Washington - Northern VirginiaAsbury Theological SeminaryAsbury UniversityAshford University (CA)Asnuntuck Community CollegeAspen UniversityAsso of Professional Eng and Geos of Alberta APEGAAsso of Professional Eng and Geos of Saskat APEGSAssociation of Cert. Forensic Investigators of CanAssociation of Professional Geoscientists OntarioAssociation of Registered Nurses of PEI (ARNPEI)ATCASAthabasca UniversityAthens Technical CollegeAtlanta Technical CollegeAtlantic Cape Community CollegeAuburn UniversityAugsburg UniversityAugusta UniversityAurora UniversityAustin Peay State UniversityAverett UniversityAvila UniversityBabson CollegeBaker CollegeBakersfield CollegeBaldwin Wallace UniversityBall State UniversityBarnes-Jewish CollegeBarry UniversityBarton CollegeBastyr UniversityBaylor College of MedicineBaylor UniversityBecker CollegeBelhaven UniversityBellarmine UniversityBellevue UniversityBelmont Abbey CollegeBelmont UniversityBemidji State UniversityBenedict CollegeBenedictine CollegeBenedictine UniversityBennett CollegeBergen Community CollegeBerklee College of MusicBerkshire Community CollegeBerry CollegeBethany College (KS)Bethany College (WV)Bethel College (IN)Bethel College (KS)Bethel University (MN)Bethune-Cookman UniversityBioMedCASBismarck State CollegeBlack Hawk CollegeBlack Hills State UniversityBloomfield CollegeBlue Mountain CollegeBlue Ridge Community College (NC)Bob Jones UniversityBoise State UniversityBossier Parish Community CollegeBoston Architectural CollegeBoston CollegeBoston UniversityBoston University CASBow Valley CollegeBowie State UniversityBrampton Flight CentreBrandon UniversityBrenau UniversityBrescia UniversityBrewton-Parker CollegeBridgewater State UniversityBrigham Young UniversityBrightwood CollegeBritton Management Profiles Inc.Brock UniversityBrock University - OUACBrookdale Community CollegeBrooks InstituteBroward CollegeBrown Mackie College - Findlay OHBrown UniversityBryan CollegeBryant UniversityBucks County Community CollegeBusinessCASCabrini UniversityCairn UniversityCaldwell UniversityCalgary Catholic Immigration Society (CCIS)Calhoun Community CollegeCalifornia College of the ArtsCalifornia Institute of Integral StudiesCalifornia Institute of the Arts (CalArts)California Intercontinental UniversityCalifornia International Business UniversityCalifornia Lutheran UniversityCalifornia Miramar UniversityCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversityCalifornia Southern UniversityCalifornia State University - Bakersfield CACalifornia State University - Channel Islands CACalifornia State University - Dominguez Hills CACalifornia State University - Fullerton CACalifornia State University - Long Beach CACalifornia State University - Los Angeles CACalifornia State University - Maritime AcademyCalifornia State University - Monterey BayCalifornia State University - Pomona CACalifornia State University - Sacramento CACalifornia State University - San Marcos CACalifornia State University - Stanislaus CACalifornia University of Management and SciencesCalumet College of St. JosephCalvin CollegeCamden County CollegeCameron UniversityCampbell UniversityCampbellsville UniversityCanada CollegeCanada Immigration Partners / CIP ConsultingCanadian Alliance of Physiotherapy RegulatorsCanadian Career College of Innovative TechnologyCanadian College of Naturopathic MedicineCanadian Counselling and Psychotherapy AssociationCanadian Environmental Certification Approvals Bd.Canadian Institute of Dental Hygiene Inc.Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeCanadian Provincial Nominee and Immigration SeviceCanadian Society for Medical Laboratory ScienceCanadim, Renaud Dery Avocat Inc.Canisius CollegeCape Breton UniversityCape Fear Community CollegeCapella UniversityCardinal Stritch UniversityCarle Illinois College of MedicineCarleton UniversityCarnegie Mellon UniversityCarnegie Mellon University - AustraliaCarson-Newman CollegeCarteret Community CollegeCASAACase Western Reserve UniversityCASPACatawba CollegeCatholic Distance UniversityCatholic University of AmericaCC Internet Immigration Services Inc.CDI CollegeCentennial CollegeCenter for International EducationCentral Christian College of KansasCentral CollegeCentral Connecticut State UniversityCentral Michigan University - Mount Pleasant MICentral Washington UniversityCentral Wyoming CollegeCentre for Education and TrainingCentre for Immigrant and Community Services (CICS)Chamberlain College of NursingChaminade UniversityChamplain CollegeCharles R. Drew University of Medicine & ScienceCharleston Southern UniversityCharter Oak State CollegeChartered Professional Accountants of AlbertaChartered Professional Accountants of OntarioChatham UniversityChicago School of Professional PsychologyChicago State UniversityChipola CollegeChristian Brothers UniversityChristian Theological SeminaryChristie's EducationCIPS - Canada's Association of IT ProfessionalsCity Vision CollegeCivis Immigration ConsultantClaflin UniversityClaremont Graduate UniversityClaremont Lincoln UniversityClark Atlanta UniversityClarkson UniversityClayton State UniversityClemson UniversityCleveland State UniversityCleveland University - Kansas CityCoastal Carolina Community CollegeCoastal Carolina UniversityCoe CollegeCoker CollegeCollege for Creative StudiesCollege of Audiologists & Speech-Language CASLPOCollege of Central FloridaCollege of CharlestonCollege of Coastal GeorgiaCollege of Dietitians of AlbertaCollege of Dietitians of British ColumbiaCollege of Dietitians of OntarioCollege of Early Childhood EducatorsCollege of Licensed Practical Nurses of NSCollege of Midwives of AlbertaCollege of Midwives of British ColumbiaCollege of Midwives of ManitobaCollege of Mount Saint VincentCollege of New RochelleCollege of Nurses of OntarioCollege of Occupational Therapists of OntarioCollege of Optometrists of OntarioCollege of Psychologists of New BrunswickCollege of Registered Nurses of British ColumbiaCollege of Registered Nurses of Nova ScotiaCollege of Registered Psychotherapists of OntarioCollege of Respiratory Therapists of OntarioCollege of Saint RoseCollege of San MateoCollege of Southern IdahoCollege of St. ElizabethCollege of St. ScholasticaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CTCMPAO)College of Western IdahoCollege of William & MaryColorado Christian UniversityColorado Mesa UniversityColorado State UniversityColorado Technical UniversityColumbia College (SC)Columbia College - Chicago ILColumbia International UniversityColumbia Southern UniversityColumbia UniversityColumbia University Teachers CollegeColumbus City SchoolsColumbus State Community CollegeColumbus State UniversityCommunity College of Baltimore CountyCommunity College of PhiladelphiaCommunity College of the Air Force (CCAF/DESS)Community College of VermontCommunity MicroSkills Development Centre EastCommunity MicroSkills Development Centre WestConcord UniversityConcordia College (NY)Concordia University ChicagoConcordia University IrvineConcordia University NebraskaConcordia University of EdmontonConcordia University PortlandConcordia University TexasConcordia University, St. PaulConestoga College ITALConfederation College of Applied Arts & TechnologyConnexion Canada Aide à la MobilitéConverse CollegeCooper UnionCorban UniversityCornell University - Ithaca NYCornell University - Manhattan NYCornerstone UniversityCOSTICOSTI - CITPTCOSTI Employment Services - VaughanCOSTI Employment Services for ITPTCOSTI-Immigrant ServicesCPA Atlantic School of BusinessCPA Examination Service/CPAES/NASBACPA Western School of Business (CPAWSB)CPHR AlbertaCrandall UniversityCreighton UniversityCreighton University Medical CenterCSDCASCTTAMCumberland UniversityCUNY Baruch CollegeCUNY Brooklyn CollegeCUNY LaGuardia Community CollegeCUNY Lehman CollegeCUNY School of Professional StudiesD'Youville CollegeDakota State UniversityDakota Wesleyan UniversityDalhousie UniversityDallas Baptist UniversityDallas Theological SeminaryDalton State CollegeDavidson County Community CollegeDavis & Elkins CollegeDefense Language Institute (DLIFLC)Delaware County Community CollegeDelaware State UniversityDelgado Community CollegeDelta CollegeDelta State UniversityDenturist Association of ManitobaDenver Public SchoolsDenver SeminaryDepartment of the Navy - Region EastDePaul UniversityDesign Institute of San DiegoDeVry UniversityDiscovery Community CollegeDivine Mercy UniversityDixie State UniversityDoane UniversityDodge City Community CollegeDominican CollegeDominican University of CaliforniaDorothea Hopfer School of NursingDorset CollegeDouglas CollegeDragon Rises College of Oriental MedicineDrexel International GatewayDrexel UniversityDrury UniversityDuquesne UniversityDurham College of Applied Arts and TechnologyDurham Region Unemployed Help CentreEast Carolina UniversityEast Georgia State CollegeEast Stroudsburg UniversityEast Tennessee State UniversityEastern Florida State CollegeEastern Kentucky UniversityEastern Mennonite UniversityEastern Michigan UniversityEastern New Mexico University - Portales NMEastern Oregon UniversityEastern School of Acupuncture & Traditional Med.Eastern UniversityEastern Virginia Medical SchoolEastern Washington UniversityEastman Law Office Professional CorporationECPI UniversityEdgewood CollegeEdinboro University of PennsylvaniaEducational Partners International, LLCEducationUSA, USEF-NepalElizabeth City State UniversityElizabethtown CollegeElmcrest College of Applied Health ScienceElmhurst CollegeEmbassy of Spain - MECEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical University (AZ)Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (FL)Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - WorldwideEmerson CollegeEmily Griffith Technical CollegeEmmanuel College (MA)Emory UniversityEmperor's College of Traditional Oriental MedicineEngineeringCASEngineers & Geoscientists British ColumbiaEngineers & Geoscientists New BrunswickEngineers CanadaEngineers Geoscientists Manitoba APEGMEngineers Nova ScotiaEngineers PEIErskine CollegeEugene Lang College of Liberal ArtsEverglades UniversityEvergreen CollegeExcelsior CollegeFairfield UniversityFairleigh Dickinson University-VancouverFairmont State UniversityFanshawe CollegeFashion Institute of Design & MerchandisingFayetteville State UniversityFelician UniversityFielding Graduate UniversityFisk UniversityFitchburg State UniversityFlagler CollegeFleming CollegeFlorida Atlantic UniversityFlorida Coastal School of LawFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFlorida Institute of TechnologyFlorida International UniversityFlorida Keys Community CollegeFlorida Memorial UniversityFlorida Polytechnic UniversityFlorida SouthWestern State CollegeFlorida State College at JacksonvilleFlorida State UniversityFOCUS Community Development CorporationFoothill CollegeFORAC Credentialing ServiceFordham UniversityFort Hays State UniversityFort Lewis CollegeFort Valley State UniversityFrancis Marion UniversityFranklin UniversityFresno Pacific UniversityFrostburg State UniversityFull Sail UniversityFuller Theological SeminaryFurman UniversityGallaudet UniversityGalveston CollegeGarden City Community CollegeGardner-Webb UniversityGarrett CollegeGaston CollegeGateway Community & Technical CollegeGateway Technical CollegeGemological Institute of AmericaGeneva CollegeGeorge Brown CollegeGeorge Mason University - Graduate AdmissionsGeorge Mason University - Office of the ProvostGeorge Mason University - School of LawGeorge Mason University - School of PolicyGeorge Mason University - Undergraduate AdmissionsGeorge Washington UniversityGeorgetown UniversityGeorgia Gwinnett CollegeGeorgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia Military CollegeGeorgia Piedmont Technical CollegeGeorgia Southern UniversityGeorgia Southwestern State UniversityGeorgia State UniversityGeorgian CollegeGeorgian Court UniversityGillette CollegeGISAC Global Immigration & Study Abroad ConsultantGlendale Community College (CA)Global Avenues Consulting, Inc.Global TalentGolden Gate UniversityGoldey-Beacom CollegeGolf Academy of AmericaGonzaga UniversityGoshen CollegeGovernment of British ColumbiaGovernment of Manitoba (MPNP)Government of New BrunswickGovernment of Newfoundland and LabradorGovernment of Prince Edward IslandGovernment of SaskatchewanGovernment of the Northwest TerritoriesGovernment of YukonGovernors State UniversityGraceland UniversityGradCASGraduate SchoolGrambling State UniversityGrand Canyon UniversityGrand Erie District School BoardGrand View UniversityGrande Prairie Regional CollegeGrantham UniversityGreensboro CollegeGreenville CollegeGreenville Technical CollegeGuilford CollegeGulf Coast State CollegeGwynedd Mercy UniversityHagerstown Community CollegeHalton Multicultural Council (HMC)HAMPCASHarcum CollegeHarris Institute for the ArtsHarrisburg Area Community College - Harrisburg, PAHarrisburg University of Science and TechnologyHarvard Business SchoolHarvard UniversityHastings CollegeHawaii Pacific UniversityHawkeye Community CollegeHealthfirst, Inc.Heidelberg UniversityHenderson State UniversityHenry Ford CollegeHerzing UniversityHigh Point UniversityHillsborough Community CollegeHinds Community CollegeHiram CollegeHodges UniversityHofstra UniversityHollins UniversityHoly Family UniversityHoly Names UniversityHondros CollegeHood CollegeHope International UniversityHorry-Georgetown Technical CollegeHouston Baptist UniversityHoward Community CollegeHoward UniversityHSC, SUNY Stony BrookHudson County Community CollegeHudson Valley Community CollegeHuman Resources Professionals Association (HRPA)Humber College Institute of Tech & Advanced LearnHusson UniversityICAN IncIdaho State UniversityIGlobal UniversityILAC International CollegeIllinois Central CollegeIllinois College of OptometryIllinois Institute of Art - ChicagoIllinois Institute of Art - SchaumburgIllinois Institute of TechnologyImmigrant Services Association of Nova ScotiaImmigration GroundsImmigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada(IRCC)Independence UniversityIndiana Institute of TechnologyIndiana State UniversityIndiana UniversityIndiana University of PennsylvaniaIndiana University-Purdue University Fort WayneIndiana Wesleyan UniversityInstitute of International EducationInterdenominational Theological CenterInternational College of the Cayman IslandsInternational Institute for Restorative PracticesInternational Institute of St. LouisInternational Technological UniversityIona CollegeIPAP-UNMCItawamba Community CollegeIvy Tech Community College - 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Richard Lage, Barrister & SolicitorJackson State UniversityJacksonville State UniversityJacksonville UniversityJames Madison UniversityJane Alliance Neighbourhood ServicesJefferson Community College (NY)Jefferson State Community CollegeJewish Family & Career ServicesJohn Brown UniversityJohn Carroll UniversityJohn F. Kennedy UniversityJohn Marshall Law School (IL)Johns Hopkins UniversityJohnson & Wales UniversityJohnson C. Smith UniversityJohnson University (TN)Johnston Community CollegeJoliet Junior CollegeJones County Junior CollegeJudson UniversityJumpstart - Refugee TalentJVS TorontoKalamazoo Valley Community CollegeKansas Christian CollegeKansas State Department of EducationKansas Wesleyan UniversityKaplan UniversityKean UniversityKeiser UniversityKeller Graduate School of ManagementKellogg Community CollegeKendall CollegeKennedy-King CollegeKennesaw State UniversityKentucky State UniversityKentucky Wesleyan CollegeKettering UniversityKing UniversityKing's University CollegeKutztown UniversityL3 CTS Airline AcademyLa Cité CollégialeLa Roche CollegeLa Salle University (PA)Lake Forest Graduate School of ManagementLake Superior State UniversityLake-Sumter State CollegeLakehead UniversityLakeview College of NursingLamar Community CollegeLander UniversityLansing Community CollegeLaurentian University/Universite LaurentienneLaurentian University/Universite Laurentienne-OUACLaw Office of Meleni DavidLaw Offices of Colin R. SingerLawrence Technological UniversityLawson State Community CollegeLDS Business CollegeLebanon Valley CollegeLee UniversityLehigh Carbon Community CollegeLehigh UniversityLenoir-Rhyne UniversityLesley University (MA)Lewis UniversityLiberty UniversityLife Chiropractic College WestLife UniversityLIM CollegeLincoln Memorial UniversityLincoln University (CA)Lincoln University (MO)Lincoln University (PA)Lindenwood UniversityLindsey Wilson CollegeLinfield CollegeLinn-Benton Community CollegeLipscomb UniversityLIU PostLock Haven UniversityLoma Linda UniversityLong Island UniversityLongwood UniversityLos Angeles College of Music (LACM)Louisiana State University at AlexandriaLouisiana State University in ShreveportLourdes UniversityLoyola Law School, Los AngelesLoyola Marymount UniversityLoyola University ChicagoLoyola University MarylandLoyola University New OrleansLynn UniversityLyon CollegeMacEwan UniversityMacomb Community CollegeMacropus Global LtdMadonna UniversityMalone UniversityManchester UniversityManhattan CollegeManhattan School of MusicManitoba Education and Training (PCU)Manitoba Institute of AgrologistsMannes School of MusicMarca CollegeMarian UniversityMarist CollegeMars Hill UniversityMarshall UniversityMaryland Institute College of Art (MICA)Maryland University of Integrative HealthMarymount Manhattan CollegeMarymount UniversityMaryville University of St. LouisMassachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health ScienceMassey UniversityMaxwin Immigration GroupMayville State UniversityMcDaniel CollegeMcMaster UniversityMcMaster University - OUACMcNeese State UniversityMcPherson CollegeMedicine Hat CollegeMeharry Medical CollegeMemorial University of NewfoundlandMenlo CollegeMercer County Community CollegeMercer UniversityMercy CollegeMercyhurst UniversityMeredith CollegeMerrimack CollegeMessiah CollegeMetalworks InstituteMethodist UniversityMetropolitan College of New YorkMFTCASMGH Institute of Health ProfessionsMiami International University of Art and DesignMichigan International Talent Solutions (MITS)Michigan Office of New Americans (MONA)Michigan Technological UniversityMiddle Georgia State UniversityMiddle Tennessee State UniversityMiddlesex County CollegeMidlands Technical CollegeMidstate CollegeMidway UniversityMidwestern State University - Wichita Falls TXMidwives College of UtahMillersville University of PennsylvaniaMilligan CollegeMills CollegeMinistry of Education - SaskatchewanMinnesota State Community and Technical CollegeMinnesota State University - Moorhead MNMinnesota State University, MankatoMinot State UniversityMisericordia UniversityMississippi CollegeMississippi State UniversityMississippi University for WomenMississippi Valley State UniversityMissouri Baptist UniversityMissouri Board of Law ExaminersMissouri Southern State UniversityMissouri State UniversityMissouri University of Science & TechnologyMissouri Valley CollegeMissouri Western State UniversityMohawk CollegeMolloy CollegeMonmouth CollegeMonmouth UniversityMontana State University - Bozeman MTMontana Tech of the University of MontanaMontclair State UniversityMontgomery College - Germantown MDMontgomery College - Rockville MDMontgomery College - Takoma Park MDMontgomery County Community CollegeMontreat CollegeMoody Bible InstituteMorehead State UniversityMorehouse CollegeMorgan State UniversityMOSAIC BCMount Allison UniversityMount Mary UniversityMount Royal UniversityMount Saint Mary CollegeMount Saint Vincent UniversityMount St. Mary's College, Los AngelesMount St. Mary's University, MarylandMount Wachusett Community CollegeMurray State UniversityNAFCASNapa Valley CollegeNational American University (MN)National American University (SD)National College of Natural Medicine (NCNM)National Dental Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB)National Dental Hygiene Certification BoardNational Louis UniversityNational UniversityNational University of Health SciencesNational University of Natural MedicineNazareth CollegeNCCAOMNDCASNebraska Methodist CollegeNEOMEDNeumann UniversityNevada State College at HendersonNew College of FloridaNew England College of OptometryNew Jersey City UniversityNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNew Mexico Highlands UniversityNew Mexico State UniversityNew Mexico TechNew Orleans Baptist Theological SeminaryNew York College of Health ProfessionsNew York Conservatory for Dramatic ArtsNew York Institute of Technology (NYIT)New York Medical College - ValhallaNew York School of Interior DesignNew York State Education DepartmentNew York UniversityNew York University ShanghaiNewberry CollegeNewcomer Women's Services TorontoNewfoundland and Labrador Psychology BoardNewman UniversityNewSchool of Architecture and DesignNiagara CollegeNiagara Falls Employment Help CentreNiagara UniversityNicholls State UniversityNipissing UniversityNoaisys Immigration, Inc.Nobel UniversityNorfolk State UniversityNormandale Community CollegeNorth American UniversityNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityNorth Carolina Central UniversityNorth Carolina State UniversityNorth Dakota State College of ScienceNorth Dakota State UniversityNorth Greenville UniversityNorth Island CollegeNorth Park UniversityNorthampton Community CollegeNorthcentral UniversityNortheast Wisconsin Technical CollegeNortheastern Illinois UniversityNortheastern State UniversityNortheastern UniversityNorthern Alberta Institute of TechnologyNorthern Arizona University - Flagstaff AZNorthern Kentucky UniversityNorthern Michigan UniversityNorthern Ontario School of MedicineNorthern State UniversityNorthern Virginia Community CollegeNorthwest Christian UniversityNorthwest Florida State CollegeNorthwest Nazarene UniversityNorthwestern Health Sciences UniversityNorthwestern Polytechnic UniversityNorthwestern UniversityNotre Dame de Namur UniversityNova Scotia Board of Examiners in PsychologyNova Scotia Community CollegeNova Scotia Dietetic AssociationNova Scotia Office of ImmigrationNova Scotia Provincial GovernmentNova Southeastern UniversityNurses Association of New BrunswickNursingCASNyack CollegeNYIT College of Osteopathic MedicineOACETTOakland City UniversityOakland UniversityOakwood UniversityOCAD UniversityOcean County CollegeOhio Dominican UniversityOhio State UniversityOhio UniversityOhio Valley UniversityOklahoma Baptist UniversityOklahoma Christian UniversityOklahoma City Community CollegeOklahoma State UniversityOklahoma Wesleyan UniversityOlivet Nazarene UniversityOntario College of Social Workers & Social Serv.Ontario College of TeachersOntario College of TradesOntario Immigrant Nominee ProgramOntario Institute of AgrologistsOntario Tech UniversityThe Application Service for Ontario's Public CollegesOPCASOPRESCASOptomCASOral Roberts UniversityOrangeburg-Calhoun Technical CollegeOrdre des Ingénieurs du QuébecOREA Real Estate CollegeOregon Health & Science University (OHSU)Oregon Health and Science University CASOregon Institute of TechnologyOTCASOttawa Community Immigrant Services OrganizationOUAC - 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is, of course, wise and beneficial to peer ahead for potential dangers and problems -- one of the central tasks of high-end science fiction. Alas, detecting that a danger lurks is easier than prescribing solutions to prevent it. Take the plausibility of malignant AI, remarked-upon recently by luminaries ranging from Stephen Hawking to Elon Musk. Indeed, my own novels contain some chilling warnings about failure modes with our new, cybernetic children. There is a tendency to offer the same prescriptions, over and over again:1) Renunciation: we must step back from innovation in AI (or oth... (more)DownvoteComments7+ShareIgor Markov, EECS Prof at MichiganUpdated Feb 12 · This answer won a $500 Knowledge Prize sponsored by MLconf · Upvoted by John L. Miller, 25 years at: Microsoft, CMU, Amazon, Google, Oracle, JPRC, etc.: PhD in C.S. and Xavier Amatriain, Former researcher, now leading ML and engineering teamsTL;DR: scroll down to the end for a list of constraints.I like Andrew Ng's analogy that compares AI's threat to humanity to the dangers of overpopulating Mars. Both threats are hopelessly far away, given foreseable technologies. And yet, the AI threat captures people's imagination far more than the Bogeyman - a monster hiding under children's bed at night that kidnaps the child for disobeying parents. Why is that?As the story goes, super-intelligent AI machines learn quickly, gain physical omnipotence, move fast, and are markedly unfriendly to humans (Skynet-style) or are unconcerned about ... (more)DownvoteComments10+ShareJacob Steinhardt, Stanford AI PhD studentWritten Feb 28 · Upvoted by Alberto Bietti, PhD student in machine learningI've written in detail on this issue here, so in this answer I'll summarize those points and add a few more. I'd also like to broaden the question beyond talking about "dystopian threats", which seems overly narrow and dramatic to me. My view is that AI will be a very big deal --- likely world-changing --- and that even short-term progress in machine learning could have profound effects on the world as well. Given this, it is important to think not only about upsides but about downsides, in order to prevent the latter.ProblemsI think it's worth separating out two issues: accidents and misus... (more)DownvoteCommentShareSuzanne Sadedin, Former postdoc in CS (evolution of complex systems)Updated Feb 28So far, the best answers to this question directly conflict with one another. David Brin advocates free-market competition among AIs to prevent any single one from attaining a monopoly, a position Elon Musk has also favoured [1]. In contrast, Igor Markov and Sam Sinai say we must constrain the evolution of AIs to prevent them becoming more life-like and escaping our control. Free market competition, however, will inevitably result in evolution by natural selection, regardless of whether algorithms are self-modifying or human-modified. So who is right? I think neither. Here's why.Competitio... (more)DownvoteComments9+SharePaul King, Computational Neuroscientist, Data Scientist, Technology EntrepreneurUpdated Feb 17Any threat to humanity that may exist from AI development will not be prevented by providing constraints; it will instead be prevented by sponsoring stable-by-design research directions.Take the Internet as one recent example.The Internet was borne out of a U.S. Defense Department (DARPA) research project in the 1960s and 1970s. The goal of the project was to create an information network architecture that could not be taken down by the enemy. The only way to guarantee protection from foreign attack was to make it theoretically uncorruptible with no single point of failure. The resulting ne... (more)DownvoteComments7+ShareJames Baker, I have been doing machine learning since long before it was named.Written Feb 27 · Upvoted by Jason Li, AI researcher. and Thach Nguyen, PhD in CSMachine Learning is at an Important Inflection PointMachine learning has made substantial progress in recent years. In particular, deep learning, implemented as deep neural networks (DNNs) running on general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs), has repeatedly broken previous records on a wide variety of difficult machine learning tasks, including my own specialty, speech recognition. Furthermore, this recent progress has also represented a great acceleration in the slow, but steady, rate of progress that machine learning has made for the past thirty years.On the other hand, this is... (more)DownvoteComments5+ShareChris Nicholson, co-founder of Skymind - Deep learning for Enterprise on Hadoop and Spark | co-creator of Open-source, Distributed Deep Learning for the JVMUpdated Jan 31 · Upvoted by Xavier Amatriain, Former researcher, now leading ML and engineering teamsAI is inherently hard to regulate, since it is nothing more than math and code running on a few chips, which any programmer, in the freedom of their garage, can work with in order to advance the state of the art. In general, regulations need the events they regulate to be accessible and visible to them. This is probably not a reasonable expectation when you think about imposing constraints on math and code; i.e. how will you know when they are happening? How will you tell the difference between good math and evil math? It may not be impossible to monitor AI research, where advances are bei... (more)DownvoteComments2+ShareThaddeus Howze, Former CIO | Power-User | IT veteran with 30 years of industry experienceWritten Feb 29Stop Fearing the Future of Artificial IntelligenceThe future of this technology will only be as bad as WE make it.While I may be too late to claim the prize, I have to add a perspective I was thinking about all month and it has to do with a viewpoint most of the data scientists here haven't considered. Artificial intelligence isn't the threat that Human nature is to our species.I consider intelligence and cognition quite deeply on a day-to-day basis because of my household and its inhabitants. Part of my day is spent as a behavioral therapist for my son. My son and I are autists. We both de... (more)DownvoteCommentShareEmmanuel Fabella, Futurist but non-Kurzweilian. Member of the World Future Society.Updated Feb 18Technological Unemployment might lead to dystopia, but the solution would not be found in programming but in the re-training of the human labor force. With respect to existential threats, the more immediate danger arises from the intentions of the human operators who control a super-intelligent AI. Massive power would be concentrated in the hands of a select few. Then again, what else will be new? And what has really changed if intelligent hunter-killer drones, instead of assassins, could be ordered to relentlessly track down their human targets? It is more probable that we will wipe oursel... (more)DownvoteComment1ShareKeinosuke Johan Miyanaga / 宮永 ヨハン 計之介, words make sense.Updated Mar 2 · Upvoted by Igor Markov, EECS Prof at MichiganThere are two distinct AIs referenced in this question that easily get mangled in casual AI discussions.Constraints and machine learning refer to weak AI, which already exists at the forefront of computer science today. Weak AI is actually not that exciting. We understand it well, and we're struggling with its technological limits.Strong AI and sentience is what we see associated with dystopian threats to humanity, the singularity, and futurist sci-fi. It's the AI we're afraid will Terminate us. Strong AI is exciting, but we don't know how to achieve it, nor what it will look like when we do. ... (more)DownvoteComments1+ShareSam Sinai, M.Eng. in Artificial IntelligenceWritten Feb 18Let's step back for a second. If someone in 1903, just after the Wright brothers first flew for 11 seconds, asked: "what could we do to prevent airplane crashes into the Atlantic?", no one in their wildest dreams would be able to tell you that in 2009, a pitot tube freeze above a thunderstorm would have resulted in a plane crash in the Atlantic and the death of hundreds of people. The question about A.I. dystopia, in my opinion, is more naive than that. At least back then, we had found the fundamental principle of flying, with modern A.I. we haven't, and it's far more complicated than fly... (more)DownvoteComment1ShareJoh Bhakdi, Founder of The Wisdom Federation. Fmr Strategy Director at WPP and Omnicon CosWritten Feb 23In order to understand which constraints make the most sense, we first have to understand the fundamental nature of the future AI threat. I covered this in a short Quora post: Intelligence means for something to perceive the world (visual, audio etc. information), identify patterns in this information, and recognize causal relationships between these patterns. For example (very simplified) our brain recognizes that a bunch of pixels actually represents a forest with trees; sees a man with an axe and a tree falling; and connects these two into a causal http://relationship.In order to be able to re... (more)DownvoteComments1+ShareDavyde Wachell, Founder & CEO of Responsive Capital Management (Responsive - Invest with Intelligence)Written May 26Narcissus by Caravaggio depicts Narcissus gazing at his own reflection. It serves as a valuable representation for our relationship to an Other intelligence that will emerge from our own linguistic and visual sense-making.I don’t believe the development of superior machine intelligence can be contained or controlled - that’s not nature’s way.We should consider what the infancy of Machine Intelligence will be. This is a question of genealogy and environment. Machines built by humans, for human purposes will most likely at least resemble humans in many ways - or at least as far as human appli... (more)DownvoteComments2+ShareFrank Heile, AI and Consciousness ResearcherWritten Feb 27Summary: The way to prevent an AI from becoming a dystopian threat tohumanity is to: Control the initial goal that we set for the AI, and Prevent the AI's from being able to create a model of itself.Introduction:I am assuming this question is about Strong AI - a general purpose AI that meets or exceeds the human level of intelligence. Weak AI, such as the Google self-driving car, can be dangerous if it malfunctions, but it would not constitute a dystopian threat to humanity. This answer will describe the only safe goal we can build into the AI and it will also show how we can prevent the ... (more)DownvoteComments3+ShareJohn L. Miller, 25 years at: Microsoft, CMU, Amazon, Google, Oracle, JPRC, etc.: PhD in C.S.Written Feb 7 · Upvoted by Igor Markov, EECS Prof at Michigan and Eric Jang, Research Engineer at Google BrainFor the foreseeable future, any dystopian threat comes from people who engineer the systems, not the systems themselves. And so, constraints of the sort implied by the question are neither needed nor wise to introduce.Too many people misunderstand the state and capabilities of AI. I made the same mistake myself thirty years ago. And Asimov proposed his own solution in the three laws of Robotics in 1942, 74 years ago. We're no closer to needing Asimov's laws today than we were when he wrote them.Look at self-driving cars. Machine learning based AI is a key component of the control system. Ev... (more)DownvoteCommentShareYassine Alouini, I enjoy trying new ML algorithmsWritten Mar 20This is a big question you are asking. It is a necessary one and I am glad you asked. Basically, you are inquiring about how to solve the control problem for AI.This is a tough problem and lots of intelligent people are actively working on it. Embedding safeguardsAs I understand (and my understanding is far from complete), it is possible to prevent a Super intelligent AI [1] from harming the human species by embedding safeguards in the seed AI (the general AI that bootstraps itself and self-improves to attain superintelligence status). These safeguards must be embedded on the AI before the ... (more)DownvoteCommentShareCourtney Driver, I've been considering the dangers of AI for a long time.Written Feb 27I feel that there may be a very important factor that most other - if not all other - answers may be missing. I feel that this factor needs to be resolved before we can even begin to implement effective constraints onto AI.Before I talk about that I'd like include this disclaimer: I am not an expert of AI, nor am I an expert of machine learning algorithms.I will first focus on this very important factor, and then I will discuss possible ways to mitigate the danger of AI. Without this factor being resolved, I don't believe that we can effectively apply other constraints to AI. Although this ... (more)DownvoteCommentShareMarie Stein, learningUpdated Mar 9 · Upvoted by Igor Markov, EECS Prof at MichiganHumans have three important attributes critical to any discussion of AI constraints: independence, imagination and resilience. AI, in its dreamiest incarnation, has one important attribute - it might be immortal, or as close to it as we can understand. To my cynical mind, any discussion of "constraints" appears naive. It's all well and good to make rules and boundaries and attempt to contain knowledge and development of AI; but it's extraordinarily difficult to enforce any of those limits with an expectation of 100% compliance. We humans have a tendency to discount truths and evidence, t... (more)DownvoteComments2+ShareJos Buurman, Lifelong learnerWritten Mar 10To answer this question we should at least look at how humans pose a threat to other species.We completely destroy the habitat of speciesNuclear tests on the small islands in the Pacific OceanWe pollute the habitat of speciesWe create landfills to dump our waste and our industry destroyed parts of the forest in Northern EuropeWe remove resources from the habitat of speciesCutting the rain forest or removing too much fish from the sea We change the habitat of species to our needs... (more)DownvoteCommentShareAli Pourvaziri, I just read stuff and knows biologyWritten Feb 20I am going to answer this question as if what to do to prevent AIs to be out of control of humans. I am not going to answer to what to do to prevent AI technology to be misused by humans.this is going to be interesting .I think we are further away from AI technology (the kind that need restrain) than landing on mars and even colonizing it. so to provide any scientific ways to actually have constraint on a technology that we do not know what and how it works would not be meaningful. but also this does not mean that we can't have some general idea of how to do it. surprisingly the answer is ... (more)DownvoteComment1ShareJason Li, AI researcher.Written Feb 1 · Upvoted by John L. Miller and Igor MarkovI attended a discussion on the topic at IJCAI-09 in Pasadena CA., one of the premier academic conferences on Artificial Intelligence. The consensus among AI researchers was that the development in AI is so far from causing a dystopian threat to humanity that it is simply not worth the consideration. I believe this is still the current consensus among researchers. I believe this is because the term Artificial Intelligence, coined John McCarthy for the proposal of Dartmouth Conferences in 1956, has been in practice an umbrella term encompassing a whole range of research programs from logic to... (more)DownvoteComments1+ShareRobert Walker, Author of Tune Smithy, Bounce Metronome, LIssajous 3D etc. Write in low level...Updated Mar 2My answer comes from a different perspective from most. Following Penrose, I think strong AI is a part of non computable physics. This suggests that rather than computer programs, it might involve genetic manipulation, artificial living cells, or biological neurons. So then strong AI might require us to attempt to create human babies with enlarged brains through genetic manipulation, or to splice gene sequences from humans into the DNA of a blue whale with its huge brain, or some such. The ethical issues then would be similar to those you would get from genetic modification of human embryos.... (more)DownvoteComments1+ShareSuketu Patel, Cognitive & Behavioral Science ResearcherWritten Feb 25Even though many of the answers assert that this threat is too far-reaching, it neglects the most probably future for humans and AI. AI and machine learning will continue it's progression of being gradually assimilated into society. And when bio-engineering becomes involved, a slow genetic integration will begin. An analogy is the evolutionary history of modern humans replacing Neanderthals and Homo Erectus. There are two scenarios. The favorable one is that cognitively superior humans inter-bred and replaced the evolutionary older Neanderthals. This brought these hominins peacefully into o... (more)DownvoteCommentShareUser, Tech support--I translate between computers and the people who want to use them.Written Feb 27The entire field public awareness of AI is polluted by bad science fiction (and even some good science fiction), both for good and for ill. Imagine a world where this type of AI was realized:On the other hand, does anyone remember this instantiation?The second picture is Dr. Theopolis, an AI character from the Buck Rogers in the 25th Century television series who was a member of Earth's "computer council," and a respected scientist and public leader.Of course, if either of these fictional implementations ever proves possible, they are decades, perhaps centuries, in the future. There are sti... (more)DownvoteCommentShareRelated QuestionsWhat can machine learning and AI gain from studying the human brain?Andrew Ng: How long before Humans start learning from AI?Where do I start if I want to achieve mastery of algorithms, machine learning, AI, etc.?From where should we start learning AI , machine learning and algorithms?Before studying AI or Algorithms, am I pretty close to build a AI software which can learn like a human? Is it a great or average start?Do I need to learn code to pursue a career in AI and Machine Learning?How can AI actually become a threat to humanity?What are the major areas of AI other than machine learning?More Related QuestionsQuestion Stats270 Followers77,821 ViewsLast Asked Sep 11Edits