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What are the top survival tips in a warzone for a fresh recruit?

Mark,What you are going through now, as an individual and as a people, is one of the most important stories of our time. Many would consider what I am doing by helping you to be reckless and that I should tell you to just sit back and seek shelter. I won't do that. I won't deny you advice I have because of some misplaced sense of right and wrong. I believe the Ukraine should continue to exist and I am proud to support a patriot who is going to do what he is going to do, whatever he is called to do. If not for people like that, Ukraine, as well as any good place worth living in would soon cease to exist. I've compiled everything I could think of that might benefit you in the coming months be it dealing with an insurgency or with the threat of a Russian advance. I've been up writing all night and the sun is rising here, so you'll forgive me for not proofreading this so that the information can get to you sooner. That said I, along with everyone else, sincerely hope you never need anything I mention in this answer, but now you have it. I'm incredibly grateful to have had the chance to get to know you in the few times we've talked and am inspired by your dedication to service. Mostly, I am proud that you would ask me to for advice during this time of your life. Having said that, I want to do everything I can to help you see a day when the Ukraine is at peace.Semper Fidelis,Jon-Know your situation:Situational awareness will be your most valuable asset throughout. It doesn't matter if we are talking about on guard at night, driving a truck at night, exchanging rumors with other members of your unit or sitting at home watching the news, knowing exactly what is going on will be the thing that let's you make smart decisions or avoid dangerous situations.At this point what your country is engaged in is insurgency warfare. The nature of insurgency is that you will be fighting an enemy that is elusive and doesn't always operate in face-to-face combat. In fact, they will try to avoid it. Insurgents operate with very few people and a limited budget. To maximize their effect, they will try to do most of their fighting when they aren't actually there or when they aren't in danger. This means that tricks, traps and improvised dangers will be common. For example, be very cautious if you are operating in an area that the enemy has had access to. They may have rigged it with some kind of trap. Piles of trash on the ground could be hiding explosives. Holes could be dug with sharp spikes, poles or sticks which can wound or maim. Abandoned equipment you discover may be booby-trapped. With the advent of cellular phones, the enemy can watch you from anywhere and remotely detonate at any time.For this reason constant vigilance is your greatest defensive asset. Once you are a uniformed soldier of the Ukraine, you will always be considered a target by the pro-Russian forces. Remember that, at no point from then on will you ever truly be completely safe. Someone less than a hundred kilometers away would love to get their hands on you, no matter what your job is.You should also consider what your job will be. I can only guess, but if I were put in charge of you, an untrained, inexperienced member of what amounts to a reserve militia, I would not have much faith that you are ready for front line duty. If it were me, I would free up more capable fighting men to do the fighting while having you do other tasks that need to be done, but aren't exactly front line infantry stuff. I would take people like you and use you for rear duties that would involve guarding equipment and logistical tasks, like driving trucks filled with people and cargo. This doesn't mean the rear is a perfectly safe place. When in convoys you are at your most vulnerable and must remain vigilant throughout. It was during these times when, in Iraq, we were attacked by enemy insurgents using improvised explosive devices, or roadside bombs. The only thing that could possibly save your life in such an event, is staying focused and watching out for trash on the side of the road that looks out of place.Insurgents also use civilians for different purposes. One of which is that sometimes they will be used as figurative shields in battle situation, sometimes as literal ones. For example, often times we fought insurgents who would fire rockets or mortars from civilian locations such as schools, hospitals or apartments. When an automatic system fired back at their locations, the evidence showed that the Americans had bombed an apartment building for no apparent reason. Similar tactics are being used today in the warfare that is taking place throughout the Levant. This is an experience situation, because if you are given the chance to make a bad choice, one in which you are not completely aware of your surroundings, you may play into a media trap for the insurgents. If, for example, a person is firing on you and you fire back, not realizing that behind him is a church, school or worse, a crowd of people, you have just given them a massive strategic tool to use against your forces. The insurgents will use the captured evidence to show that your actions are that of tyrannical regime. They will use it as a recruiting mechanism for spies and future insurgency fighters and your fight will become much harder.Information warfare:Knowing your situation is vital, but it is also important to know how to gather and communicate information as well. One thing you should start doing is carrying a journal to write down rumors you hear, information you come across, odd observations, or changes in the environment. You need to take the hyper-vigilance and put it to use. Do this especially when out on convoys and on guard detail. Make sure to report anything up your chain of command. What you don't realize is that mundane information to you, may be a missing puzzle piece to a commander somewhere else. If you are always supplying your commanders with puzzle pieces they will make better more informed decisions that will ultimately keep you and your team safer.You aren't the only person who can be an observer. Teach everyone you know the importance of forward observation. Thinking about how you and your friends can gather information will be vital for all of you to keep going. Try to come up with methods for gathering information that might be specific to you. Consider websites that might be useful for communicating with friends and family across the country and even consider building an internet community to gather and share information on enemy troop movements. If you have people who are willing to help out, you should allow them, making it possible for them to become eyes and ears of the military. This is something that could put them in danger. They would be considered conspirators and collaborators. If they don't want to do something like that, don't ask them to. If they come to you wanting to know how they can help, that's what you should do. Teach them every way you can imagine on how to feed you information about what they hear and see. Learn to filter it and figure out how to get it to command.You also need to adopt the point of view of a combat journalist. Carry documentation material like pen and paper with you and more importantly, a camera for taking pictures and videos. As this conflict escalates, choices are going to made which will be very ugly. Someone will need to document things to communicate them. There will be times when you will come across something horrible or something which means that your allies are in immediate danger. You must be able to capture this evidence. This is part of being vigilant. By having a means to record data and communicate it, you give your command something to use to make better decisions. As you spend time in the military you will see that worst case scenario is when command does not have enough information. A video or pictures, along with your accounts, could give your command immeasurable amounts of information to act upon, far more than you know.The second reason that you should consider yourself a combat journalist is that you will be needed to combat enemy efforts at information warfare. Everything that I am telling you is already being done by the enemy. They are taking videos of everything and editing it to suit their needs. If it airs to the public that is because someone wanted it to. Often times insurgents try to maximize their effect by releasing misinformation into the media through doctored videos or by taking events out of context. Eyewitnesses can also be produced, or manufactured, from civilian populations to say and do whatever they want for the camera. These eyewitnesses have a massive impact on spreading information and misinformation to international powers. The word of some middle-of-nowhere farmer can have such a great effect on the hearts and minds of the international community that it can increase how much assistance you receive in the future.What that means is a few months from now, it may bring about billions upon billions of dollars, extra equipment, and allies.The international public has far more influence on your conflict than you would like to believe. For them, perception is reality and all they need is to perceive that something unjust is going on and they will pull all support from your cause, whether or not what they have been told is the truth.Sometimes these witnesses are actual supporters, sometimes they are people who have been bribed or intimidated into action. Remember that local accounts of events are often unreliable. People being interviewed don't owe anything to the people recording them. They know that when the camera goes off they won't be protected by the cameraman, and the enemy will still know where they live. They will say whatever they have been told to say so that their family gets to live. That's why you have to be the guy with a camera of your own. You need to be the guy who can disprove what others are saying that isn't true. You need to prove them wrong by showing opposing information that invalidates what they are saying and proves their source to be a liar, invalidating everything they say from that point it on. It will also shifts public opinion in your favor if you can show that the other guy is untrustworthy and should not be allowed to rise to power. Lastly, disproving the eyewitness does not harm him. Remember, he may being forced to say whatever the enemy wants him to say. Even if you disprove him, he has fulfilled his obligation and has committed no crime against his assailants.Finally, in the event you don't get called up, you should consider starting a blog or vlog on Youtube. You should list what you see, what you hear and everything you know about the conflict and make it a matter of public record. Right now the world is watching you. By communicating and sharing on Quora, where you already have a significant following, you will sway public opinion further in your favor.Most of this advice won't keep an individual alive in battle. But it may keep a national alive for months. Hopefully when all this is over, you will have many, many more friends to share beers with on celebration day.Survivalism Practice and training:As others have shown, the United States military has published many good resources that are available online. I've gone through and added a few that I think will be the most important to you at your level.INSURGENCIES AND COUNTERING INSURGENCIESPage on armypubs.army.milThis will help you understand and combat those who fight utilizing insurgency tactics and techniques. It will help you to identify threat areas in your defense and let you know where to direct your vigilance when in the field. It also gives good tips on the importance of information warfare.BOOBYTRAPSPage on www.lexpev.nlThis will train you to better identify dangerous traps which insurgency fighters may use against you.SURVIVALPage on survivalebooks.comThis will teach you many, many good ideas on how to survive in the field. It will give you advice on what and how to pack, and how to live when you don't have a strong logistical backbone to keep you supplied.FIRST AIDPage on armypubs.army.milThis is an in depth primer on first aid techniques that are used in training across the United States military. You should learn how to make a first aid kit that you will carry on you at all times. One piece of advice I have not seen mentioned so far is to pack one item that will be considered odd by most people: Tampons. You should carry at least three in your first aid kit. Tampons are made of super absorbent materials that swell to much greater sizes when they take on liquid. This means that they are excellent for stopping bullet wounds. If people laugh, oh well.BATTLEFIELD INTELLIGENCEPage on fas.orgThis pub will instruct you and others on how to inspect and prepare a battlespace so that you can maximize what you can learn from it and communicate that accurately to others.The tips that everyone else on this question have given I think have equipped you with immeasurable advice. What I would ask that you do is to try to get some practice applying it before you are forced into it. If you still have time, my advice to you is to start a "camping club". You gather friends who are in the same situation as you are and what to learn the skills they will need if they are called. You plan an outing into the woods. The goal is to put into practice what have learned from studying. The goal isn't to starve yourself or see how far you can go before dying. The goal is to test the advice you have been given, see what works and what doesn't before you are really required to use it. You should try to pack as much as possible into as little a carrying case as you can. You should pack more clothes than you need, more food than you need and more equipment than you need. After a few days, reflect on what was the most important and on the next trip, pack more accordingly. Keep learning how to pack tighter and tighter so that you can be as prepared as possible.While you are on these camping trips you can also use the time with your friends to exchange information you have learned and train each other. That, is perhaps the best way these trips will help you. The skills you all learn and exchange in these trips may be the very skills which ensure you will still be camping with each other 30 years from now.Equipment Usage:As a former Marine marksmanship instructor, I would be shocked and a little more than dismayed if you receive no training whatsoever. But, in such an event, I have done some searching for you. I created a YouTube video playlist that lists as many videos that I could find in a few hours that show good weapons marksmanship techniques and practices. You should familiarize yourself with them:Mark's List - YouTubeIn it, I have (so far) collected 3 hours worth of video that describe basic marksmanship, care and maintenance of the AK-47 platform, weapons safety rules for firing, various videos for learning to load, reload and stoppage drills, maneuvering, use of cover and concealment, first aid on the battlefield, packing your first aid kit, prioritizing how to set up your gear, as well as a few ideas on equipment you might want to buy. It's made from videos put together by American Army, Marines, and Special Forces as well as Police officers, medical personnel, survivalist experts and even Russian Spetsnaz. Don't be surprised that I included videos from Spetsnaz. They are probably the world's greatest force in terms of the AK-47 weapons platform and it is indeed ironic that you might be using that against them. The complete collection, which I will improve upon in the future, teaches you far more than I possibly could given the 9313 kilometers that currently separate us. Share it with your friends.If you can, you should get hold of a weapon and try it out. You need to find a friend who has a weapon and let them take you out into the woods to fire it. Do this only after you have watched all the videos I've shown, particularly the weapons safety videos in the beginning. I want to be absolutely clear: This is literally the only time I have ever said that a person should try out shooting without having a trained instructor present. But these are clearly exceptional conditions. In this case, you have indicated a very real possibility that the first time you ever fire a weapon will be when you are under attack. That is the worst time to be firing a weapon for the first time. You need to feel it go off. You need to practice aiming with the sights. You need to spend time performing drills to load and reload, and from what you communicated to me, the Ukrainian government is not prepared to give you that. While on one of your "camping trips" I would suggest that you and your friends run through the training videos with no rounds to practice fundamentals. I'd also suggest that you each take turns to experience pulling the trigger while aiming down range. You need to know what that feels like.One piece of advice I can give you specifically about the AK-47 is that you will be tempted to use it in the fully automatic setting. This is not the way it is meant to be used. It is a rifle which means that it was intended to be used to fire single shots. Common sense may tell you that firing more rounds is better, but the truth of the matter is that none of them are going to hit the target, besides maybe the first. The AK-47 fires a somewhat larger round than other weapons systems. This means that it has more recoil and you feel a strong kick when you fire it. That recoil has an important effect on the muzzle of the weapon, it will make the weapon jerk backward so much that subsequent shots will no longer be on target. At this point you will just be fighting the weapon to keep it in place, wasting ammunition and declaring to everyone in the vicinity exactly where you are. There are very few times I would ever consider using the automatic fire setting. Focus on placing well-aimed shots.Another thing that I couldn't find mentioned was the use of a technique the Marines and others use that they remember by reciting the phrase, "I'm up, he sees me, I'm down". This means that you have about one second in the open before a person can see where you are, adjust their aim and fire upon you. You only have that much time to poke your head out, look around and then back down. There are two videos in the list that show drills for this. I just wanted you to know what the drills were for. Never stay in the open.Safety FirstI want to leave you with one last piece of advice and that is to always focus on the safety of you and everyone else around you. Think of it this way, you are surrounded by your friends and teammates. They have guns they have not learned to use. They may not know how the safety works. You have now been given access to a lot of information and you are now responsible for dispensing it to them.The single greatest killer is accidents and complacency. You need to think about every accident as a potential enemy hit. Every time you or one of your team accidentally points a weapon at each other, that is like the enemy pointing at them. It really doesn't matter if someone is taken out by an accident or enemy action - you are missing someone who might have been able to save your lives. That is the real reason we take care of each other so much out there, because with every one of us who lives, our own chance of survival increases exponentially.I'll put it to you another way. We had a saying in the Marines, "If you screw up... it won't be you who gets killed." Remember that and teach it to others. Make them realize they are responsible for far more than their own lives.Final Notes on Insurgency Warfare:You need to do everything you can to understand insurgency warfare and tactics. You have to obsess about everything they are doing and how they are operating. You're going to need to investigate them from all sources you trust. Know where they are getting their funding, their training and who exactly is giving is giving them support. You may be able to meditate on the situation and figure out holes you wouldn't have thought of because of knowledge only you have. Perhaps your finance background could show a certain pattern of spending and you could help others to lock up funds that are used to fund insurgents based on information you have gained on the ground. I can't tell you, but you need to gain as much information about them as is possible.Second, you will need to try to understand what tactics they would employ by asking yourself what you would do to cause the most damage to your own forces with the least amount of men, equipment and risk. Creativity is good, but creative ideas can often be situational and not useful. You need to think in terms of replicable, something that an insurgent can teach to another insurgent and use over and over again. Imagine passive resistance strategies that could defeat them. Passive means that no human needs to be involved to think, know, or react to a situation. Humans may not be there or react in time, no matter how well trained they are. The passive defense systems are always active even when human operators are sleeping, eating or incapacitated. An example here is that in the Marines and Army we have large troop carriers. These vehicles are armor plated, but a rocket propelled grenade could do a lot of damage, along with killing or injuring the Marines inside. To defeat this, a special type of fencing, similar to heavy duty rails you might install in a yard, was bolted the vehicles a few feet out. This caught the weapons a few feet out and detonated them in mid air, doing far, far less damage to the vehicle. Speak with other veterans of the conflict you are in to get their knowledge and try to imagine passive ways to defeat every tactic without using people to do it. The passive defenses completely shut down an enemy tactic across the country, saving a lot of lives and severely damaging their capability to harm your people.Last, you wrote that you are concerned about an invasion by the Russian people. If this is the case then you will really understand why I want you to focus on insurgency. In the event of a Russian invasion, you will become the insurgent. I'll be honest, not many people have faith the Ukrainian government could hold out long against a full scale attack by the Russian military. That means that, in all likelihood, your government will be overrun in a matter of days or weeks. If you decide you still wish to fight you will have to do so much without a structured support of a command that can give you gear, equipment, or even ammunition. You will understand then just how important it was that you learned how to equip yourself and not rely on the gear given to you by the military.You should also expect that no help will be coming. Imagine the case of the world. I really hope that in such a case the world would come to the defense of the Ukraine, but imagine what that means. Most of the major world powers will now be involved with a direct military conflict between each other. Events like that could easily lead to a full scale world war. There are going to be many, many who would stand in the way of such a thing being risked and that means that the forces of people who want to aid you will be slowed by those who are willing to sacrifice Ukraine for continued peace elsewhere. That means you will be alone, perhaps forever.Once you are the insurgent you are going to need to take the imagination of those you fought and turn it around on your occupiers. Remember how you tried to devise methods to take down your own defenses? Now you create a plan of implementation. One thing you should study is actually from Russian history. Study the Battle of Stalingrad. As German troops took over parts of the city, many of the fighters who remained were reserve units who transitioned in asymmetric insurgency warfare. It is a great study on urban insurgency warfare from the point of view of the insurgents. A definite source of good advice is a study of the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Here you will see insurgency fighters using direct action against Soviet heavy weapons and using cheap methods to bring down a massive war machine. You can learn a lot from it since much of the Russian military philosophy has not greatly changed. More so than that, it will serve as a testament to remind you all what is possible.You should also consider setting up a fall back location in another country. For you in Kiev, I would look at towns in Belarus along the border. As I see it, the Polesky State Radiological Preserve might be a good place to hide for a short time. As I understand it is the site of the radiation leak from Chernobyl, but this is the route that followers will be afraid to take. Short trips through the reserve will be a safe haven, especially if you set up some sort of safe house, perhaps in the town of Narowlya. Being that it is in a third party country will allow you to continue operations without being hunted down. If they do try to get at you, they risk detection and progressing the fight into yet another nation. Belarus will be preparing to join in the fighting the same way you are now. For Russia, choosing to follow you will come with a massive international backlash and may be enough to sway others to your favor if they haven't already. As I said before, this is what the Taliban did to us in Pakistan and it works. It's a dirty insurgency trick, but it works.The most important thing that you'd have to remember though is that in the event of such an invasion, you surviving is the best thing you can do to defend your nation. The best tactics are passed on by the survivors. Know your surrounding and know that there are many, if not most times, when you will say, "I can't win this fight." Even, "I may not be able to win this fight." Nothing is worth losing more than an engagement that you aren't sure you can win. This is why insurgents use ambushes and boobytraps. The simple fact is that you can't afford to die in some heroic gesture. It is a waste of resources that will never again be able to support your country. The same goes for your friends. Being brave is being stupid and if they get themselves killed then that is just one less person who later be used to fight and train others. You must live, more for your cause's sake than for your own.Insurgencies win not when they have won some stunning military battle but when they fought for so long, and whittled down the enemy so much and caused so much cost to the enemy nation, that they no longer view staying as worth the trouble. Those who die in the first weeks in some glorious charge during the preliminary invasion don't help anything. They are great stories to tell, but their names are forgotten by all but their closest friends in less than twenty years. It is the smart insurgent who, months and months later, long after winter has set in, are able to conduct a mission as part of a small team, plant a bomb, head back to town and the next morning wave and smile at the Russian soldiers patrolling their streets, never arising suspicion. That's the person you should become if you are afraid of a Russian invasion.Only once you show that you are willing and capable of surviving as a burden to the enemy will outside help start to filter your way. Build up your information networks to channel information from the world to you and to the back to who you need to know it. Direct information about the war from your point of view; pictures, videos and testimonies from the inside will gain you support from the outside and put pressure on the Russians government to leave. Learning to survive in the wilderness by relying on your training and your equipment will allow you to make it through the hard times when food and supplies may be scarce. Taking care of your friends and keeping them safe will allow you to continue on fighting long, long after you were supposed to have given up and died off.While this is happening you will be faced with many choices. All I can hope is that you make choices that you would want to be associated with the history of the Ukraine. Using civilians against their will through bribery, intimidation and murder can get you a long way closer to a victory. Others will instruct you to do what must be done. It doesn't have to. You have to consider with every choice you make in fighting against the occupation if would you want to raise your children under leaders who did the things you are planning to do? If you say no, and there is no other option to gain the victory you want, you should consider the very real possibility the Ukraine you knew is already dead and will never be able to return.The last thing I am going to leave you with is a question you must ask yourself. Should I give up? Ask yourself everyday. There is a point when nothing you do is worth the lives you will be a part of destroying. Innocent people are always caught in the middle of insurgency warfare. You have to ask if the government you want is worth the risk of your life or the lives of your people that might, and probably many will, be lost. If you are serious about defending your homeland, that is what it will mean. There is a definite point when you have to consider that the Ukraine may in fact be gone as you knew it before. At that point you should leave, flee to some refugee camp and get in contact with people on the outside who can help you. Seek asylum with various nations as best you can and start a new life. Use your new freedom to speak out about the conflict and about your aggressors. You may find one day that giving up allowed you reach out to speak to millions and perhaps save other nations and other people from the same threat you are facing today.I think that what you are doing is very brave. Accepting the duty of safeguarding your nation's survival is truest act of love a human could display. That is why I wrote to you the best answer I could, given the time you have to read it.And in the event that my worst fears are realized...Give them Hell and give them my regards.Thanks for reading!For more answers like this check out Global Outlook by Jon Davis and follow my blog War Elephant for more new content. Everything I write is completely independent research and is supported by fan and follower pledges. Please consider showing your support directly by visiting my Patreon support page here: Help Jon Davis in writing Military Novels, Articles, and Essays.

What would happen if America attacked China with all 11 Aircraft carriers and amphibious helicopter carriers?

China's satellites would detect the 3 main carrier strike groups, each consisting of 3 Nimitz class carriers. They would know they would be coming at least a week in advance. To deploy this number of ships to a single theatre of operations would require 200–250 to be assigned including replenishment (supply) and escorts. Translated, almost every combat surface ship the U.S. Navy has would be activated.China would do nothing. The U.S. would never deploy such a show of Force unless war was imminent. Political stability would have be severely questioned if such an order was directed at the U.S. Secretary of Defense and the Navy. But I digress from your question…The LHA, LHC, LHD carriers are only required for ground assualts (invasion). You're implying that the US Navy would be tasked to land on the beaches of all three artificial islands the PLA has based on them. Two Nimitz carrier groups would support the Marine Air Ground Task Force, (MAGTF) which consists of three Marine Expeditionary Force Groups, each consisting of 5+ LHA's, LHC's etc, (ie, San Antonio class) and their air support units in each group.The composition of all 11 Nimitz / Ford class carriers (11 in total) with the 12th being brought up back to operational service would require almost every SSN submarine the Navy has to defend each group, and almost certainly drain the Atlantic fleets of most of their destroyers.What would happen next is to make sure nothing happens.If invasion of the artificial islands is the goal it would be a bloodbath for both sides. The result would probably be a draw with the USN losing at least half of its carriers and LHA's from multiple air to sea missiles, ground to sea missiles and submarine torpedoes.The submarines would probably inflict most of damage; all they have to do is sit and wait for the American fleet to enter the South China Sea basin. A Wolfpack of 100 PLAN Submarines simply waits; they do not move, patrol or ping away; they just have to sit there on station as a giant picket. This is shallow water with limited maneuvering room and the combined 400+ ships would be operating in a very confined space. If someone is going to fire first it will be from a submarine.Given the combat radius of the US Carriers and knowing this could occur, the Navy has two options. Attempt air operations from outside the South China Sea in deeper water and more maneuverable from the east or attempt to run the picket with its own submarines flushing out the PLAN; given the shadow depth of the basin, neither side has a significant advantage.The threat of a ground and air based missile attack is difficult to solve unless these batteries are destroyed first. That means a massive conventional missile strike on the islands and mainland China. I sincerely doubt this would be contemplated as it would open the door to Global Thermonuclear War.A missile attack on the artificial islands would still be high risk and invite an all out counter strike.So let's assume the goal is to simply patrol and blockade the islands using ships and air cover. Doing so exposes all three main strike groups to a constant threat of reprisal if something goes wrong, even if the carriers remain to the east while USN Frigates, Destroyers and Cruisers put themselves right smack dab in the middle of the Shipping lanes in the South China Sea. The Arleigh Burke Destroyers are a formidable platform, but there are not enough of them to create a blockade and escort the carriers and maintain a credible defensive operating patrol capability without exposing themselves to immediate destruction. The Cuban missile crisis blockade worked because the Russian Navy did not have enough warships to run the USN pickets, and was too far away from home to sustain naval operations.That brings us back to a US supplied cruise missile attack on the islands. This could be accomplished in large numbers from allied hosted locations including South Korea and their own bases at Wake Island and Northern Australia. Their primary role would be to wipe out all island defense installations and ships that are docked. It would be impossible to sustain. Soon as the Marine Amphibious Groups attempted to enter the South China Sea, the PLAN would launch a counter missile strike. Hundreds of them per hour, all of them launched from the mainland.Back to the idea that it simply will patrol the shipping lanes, going all in, with all 11 carriers in a show of Force, can be accomplished. No shots fired, just a friendly cruise. China would simply let it occur, not lifting a finger; if the U.S. wants to play chicken, the first salvo fired won't be from a Chinese ordered attack.What's the U.S. going to do once there on station, go up and down the South China Sea hundreds of times for months? It would cost $2 - 3 billion a month to keep the entire carrier Force at sea. That's just too pay the bill to keep the ships running. It doesn't include the elevated wear and tear cost such an operation incurs. (Aircraft corrosion increases, catapult parts, and other machinery will require extensive overhaul that will shorten the time between major refits, increasing costs further.)The USN can't stop any military flagged ship of any other nation from using the sea; it would accomplish nothing except expose over 150,000 Sailors and Marines to the possibility that a mistake could happen.If the unthinkable occurs, prepare for casualty statistics not seen since Vietnam.The good news is that this scenario would never happen in real life. The Navy never deploys all 11 at the same time in one sector and has never had more than 7 operating in a single combat zone simultaneously since 1975.China is not stupid; it would never halt, close or board International flagged vessels using shipping lanes. You're not going to see 11 carriers or all its Marine Expeditionary Groups deployed to the South China Sea simultaneously.Ever.Now, you might see 5 or 6 Arleigh Burke Destroyers escorting tankers and container ships in a friendly support role. These ships might even be temporarily reregistered as US vessels. So, China isn't about to step over that line. But it won't allow the artificial islands to be invaded either.This is all about oil and gas. China thinks it can bully its way into the region and claim territorial rights. It might work. But the road ahead is still far from assured that this strategy will be successful: undersea pipelines have never been built this far from the mainland of any nation and the entire region is susceptible to earthquakes and tsunamis. China's gamble may not pay off in the long run.The U.S. knows all this. It's not new. In fact, it's rather old. The U.S. Naval Warfare Plans group simulates (as do the other branches) hundreds of different scenarios every year; it understands the risks involved for most scenarios. From a minor skirmish to all out assault, the consequences are understood.Strategic planning and analysis are continuously updated and reviewed at the highest levels inside the military and the government.The level of expertise and knowledge the U.S. military instills in its Senior Officers is unparalleled anywhere else in the world. This is particularly true of the U.S. Navy's Chief of Naval Operations, a role that has the responsibility to ensure the Navy can carry out its mission within its current structure and capabilities. The position of CNO has played a pivotal role inside the US Navy for the last 35 years; in fact, it can be argued that any reflection of the Navy's ability to carry out its mission can be attributed to the current and previous CNOs.It's a testament to the stability and level-headed management the U.S. Navy has enjoyed.==========News Articles: (updates will be posted as news and “tensions” rise)Reuters Sept 2, 2015: Five Chinese ships in Bering Sea as Obama visits AlaskaBBC Magazine, December 14, 2015: Flying close to Beijing's new South China Sea islands - BBC NewsBBC News, Chinese deploys weapons to artificially constructed islands. December 15, 2016: South China Sea: Satellite photos 'show weapons' built on islands - BBC NewsReuters: China, United States cannot afford conflict: Chinese foreign ministerCBS News: U.S., Chinese aircraft in "unsafe" South China Sea encounterReuters: China says U.S. should 'brush up on' South China Sea - Reuters TVReuters: China gets an early win off Trump, but many battles remainAustralia Government Minister of Defence: First Enhanced Air Cooperation activity to commenceIHS Janes Defence News: USAF F-22 Raptors to undertake three-week training in AustraliaU.S. Pacific Command: Exercise Cobra Gold 2017 to Begin February 14, 2017Daniel Galvez: The of the Guard: China’s New LeadershipWorld Bank Trade Statistics - China: China | Trade Summary | 2012 | WITS | DataUnited States Congressional Report on Chinese Military Report (2016) - PDF file published by the Office of the Secretary of Defense. http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2016%20China%20Military%20Power%20Report.pdfGlobal Research, Chinese Aircraft Carrier review, December 22, 2016: http://www.globalresearch.ca/chinese-aircraft-carrier-development-military-analysis/5564124CNBC, Chinese Navy Aircraft Carrier Exercise, December / January 2016/17: China navy confirms carrier conducted drills in South China SeaU.S. Embassy, The Philippines, February 15, 2017: USS Louisville Arrives in Subic Bay | U.S. Embassy in the PhilippinesReuters, February 15, 2017: China warns U.S. against fresh naval patrols in South China SeaU.S. Navy Times article on Chief of Naval Operations February 16, 2017: CNO to sailors: We need to get toughBBC News: China piles pressure on North Korea by banning coal imports - BBC NewsReuters, February 17, 2017: China wraps up exercise with three warships in South China SeaU.S. Pacific Fleet February 19, 2017: Carrier Strike Group 1 conducts South China Sea patrolBBC News, "We urge the US not to take any actions that challenge China's sovereignty and security." February 19, 2017: South China Sea: US carrier group begins 'routine' patrols - BBC NewsCNN February 20, 2017: South China Sea: What's at stakeKiro News 7, February 20, 2017: Against warnings from China, the U.S. Navy sets out for South China SeaReuters, February 21, 2017: ASEAN unsettled by China weapon systems, tension in South China SeaReuters, February 21, 2017, Repeats warning : China opposes U.S. naval patrols in South China SeaReuters, February 22, 2017: Exclusive: China finishing South China Sea buildings that could house missiles - U.S. officialsReuters, February 22, 2017: Philippine minister doubtful of China row resolution 'during our lifetime'Reuters, February 25, 2017: Wary of Trump unpredictability, China ramps up naval abilitiesReuters, February 27, 2017, U.S. plans significant capital spending on defense including new ships for Pacific Theatre: Trump budget plan boosts Pentagon, trims State Dept, EPA: officialsPacific Command, February 27, 2017, USS Bonhomme LHD: USS Bonhomme Richard departs Sasebo for patrolBBC News, February 28, 2017, Singapore feels tension between the U.S. and China: Singapore could face choice between US or China, PM says - BBC NewsReuters, March 1, 2017: Commentary: Is Beijing outflanking the United States in the South China Sea?United States Navy, March 2, 2017 USS Carl Vinson transits Luzon Strait: USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) transits the Luzon Strait. - YouTubeABS-CBN News, China launches tourist cruises to the South China Sea, March 3, 2017: http://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/03/03/17/china-launches-new-cruise-ship-tour-in-south-china-seaBBC News, March 4, 2017: China to increase military spending by 7% in 2017 - BBC NewsReuters, March 8, 2017, Japan worries about North Korea. Pushes for First Strike capability. Could impact Chinese Strategic options: As North Korea missile threat grows, Japan lawmakers argue for first strike options?Reuters, March 9, 2017: Special Report : Aircraft carriers, championed by Trump, are vulnerable to attackReuters, March 9, 2017, "The aircraft carrier is still in training and trial stage. The marines remain weak, and the number and quality of long-distance vessels do not meet expectations." - Wang Huayong, deputy political commissar of the Eastern Theatre Command: China stealth jet enters service, navy building 'first class' fleetReuters, Mach 10, 2017: China stealth jet enters service, navy building 'first class' fleet?ABS - CBN News, March 10, 2017: US expected to be 'more aggressive' in South China Sea: analystABS-CBN / Reuters, March 10, 2017: China dismisses Philippine concerns over its ships' activitiesReuters, March 13, 2017: Japan plans to send largest warship to South China Sea, sources say?Reuters, March 14, 2017: China waits to hear why Japanese warship going to South China Sea?Reuters, March 14, 2017, China accused of expanding construction on island claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam: China begins new work on disputed South China Sea islandReuters, March 17, 2017, U.S. Navy ship building takes time. Far longer than most realize. And if a request to rapidly increase the size of the fleet was approved by Congress, it would still take years before increase production actually began. For example, submarine production increase from 2 to 4 per year could take as long as 5 years just to have the ability to build that many and then still another year of actual construction and another year of Sea trails. Missing from Trump's grand Navy plan: skilled workers to build the fleetReuters, March 17, 2017; French carrier to lead joint amphibious Pacific drill in show of force aimed at China: sourcesManilla Bulletin, March 19, 2017: PH cannot stop China’s plans in the South China Sea: DuterteABS-CBN News, March 21, 2017: Experts insist Scarborough Shoal part of PH territoryABS-CBN News, March 23, 2017: Duterte asks U.S.: Why didn't you try to stop China?ABS-CBN News, March 23, 2017: After ignoring US carrier, Duterte wants to board Chinese shipReuters, Why didn't you send 5 Aircraft Carriers? March 23, 2017: Philippines' Duterte derides U.S. for past inaction in South China SeaReuters, March 23, 2017: China is not militarizing South China Sea, Premier Li saysReuters, March 25, 2017: China says hopes new Japanese carrier doesn't mark return to militarismReuters, April 4, 2017, U.S. navy aid unit told to leave Cambodia as it continues to improve relations with China: - U.S. navy aid unit told to leave CambodiaReuters, April 6, 2017: Philippines' Duterte orders occupation of uninhabited isles in disputed seaReuters, April 6, 2017: China fighter plane spotted on South China Sea islandBBC News, April 26, 2017, China launches first indigenous built aircraft carrier. It will be at least two years (possibly longer), before this ship has completed sea trials, builder’s repairs, operational training, weapons training, aircraft flight tests, naval operations tests and commissioning as an active duty vessel. If the ship is successful and capable of delivering the promises and performance capabilities its builders promised, expect additional orders and construction of the same class. This conventionally powered ship will require an extensive escort and support group be built around it. That in itself may take up to a decade before a PLAN “Task Force” is fully operational and capable of operating in any theater requested of its leaders.China launches first domestically made aircraft carrier - BBC NewsMarch 21, 2018U.S. official says support of Taiwan has never been stronger - China sails aircraft carrier through the Taiwan straight - Reuters.

What are some examples of filmmaking that was done intentionally to enhance the mood of the scene and/or the characters? What are some tips in achieving this?

Well, let’s see…(Warning: spoilers ahead).I’ve been waiting to get to this scene for a while now.Let me give you three clues.A delicious glass of milk.A farm.Occupied France.Do you know the answer?.........That’s right. I’m going to critically examine why Quentin Tarantino’s filmmaking decisions for the opening scene of Inglorious Basterds enhances it, creating of the most memorable villains in cinema, through a gradual evolution of tension, suspense and dread.(And acting, camera framing, music, unlimited rice pudding, etcetera, etcetera).There will be a TL;DR at the bottom for those that wish to be on their merry way.Some contextual information, first. Renowned “Jew Hunter” Hans Landa (Christoph Waltz) ventures out to a peasant dairy farm in Occupied France, receiving a tip that the owners are harbouring Jewish fugitives. He is invited in, interrogates the farmer, Monsieur LaPadite (Denis Ménochet), learns of the Jews’ location and has them all executed, save the surviving Shosanna who goes on to be one of the principal characters in the film.The opening scene’s primary function is to set up the film’s main antagonist and highlight how his invincible capacity for precision, greater knowledge and cunning swiftness completely terrifies the audience, which makes him a villain we must take seriously. It achieves its goal through the power of knowledge and creating opportunities to build suspense.But how does Tarantino use these abstractions, along with the exceptional acting talents of the two principal actors, to achieve the desire effects that I have described?Firstly, knowledge. Why is it important for this scene and the characters, adding substance to its entrenched spot in cinematic fame?Some part of it is down to the effort made by the audience to be invested in the story. It makes much more sense once the whole film is observed, but if you want to know how Tarantino uses the power of knowledge to make Hans Landa such a great villain, you need to look at the tiny, insignificant additions that appear meaningless… and are essential to the success of Landa’s characterisation.The only person to ever whip out a saxophone pipe and look badass.All great villains have one thing in common: they inspire fear (or at the very least trepidation in more cynically minded adults). These types of villains can frighten an audience with their mere presence or at least increase the thrill of a scene’s events. Hans Landa has this quality.To understand Landa’s character, you have to recognise that he is, at heart, an opportunist. A delightfully malevolent one, at that. He doesn’t appear to truly believe in the Nazi ideology like his other stereotypical cohorts. Even the badass SS uniform he wears is a tool, a prop, which, given the historical context of the film, subtly tells the audience that, to any moderate character in the film, he will destroy them. He does everything he does for self-improvement, even selling out the godlike Fuhrer for immunity.Landa breaks the stereotype of the maniacal, all-consuming evil Nazi officer who cackles loudly as he drills holes into the eyes of his victims whilst a lovely rendition of “Der Schnitzelwaffe auf Der Eisendrache” plays in the background. He doesn’t need to resort to any form of physical torture to telegraph the dangerous power he holds. Rather, the masterfully crafted tension in the scene warns the audience that Landa is a dangerous man, from a linguistic and psychological perspective, and he can destroy these innocent people at any time. This stems from Tarantino’s exploitative milking of the power of suspense.What do I mean by that? Look no further than to the infamous “bomb under the table” analogy, developed by Alfred Hitchcock.In the book Hitchcock/Truffaut, film critic and author Francois Truffaut interviewed Hitchcock in 1962 about movies. There is a passage where Hitchcock describes his method to creating suspense, which makes for more enriched entertainment:“Let us suppose that there is a bomb underneath this table between us. Nothing happens, and then all of a sudden, “Boom!” There is an explosion. The public is surprised, but prior to this surprise, it has seen an absolutely ordinary scene, of no special consequence. Now, let us take a suspense situation. The bomb is underneath the table and the public knows it… In these conditions this same innocuous conversation becomes fascinating because the public is participating in the secret.”In other words, surprise is a tool to momentarily shake the audience up a bit and briefly raise the tension. This makes the audience a passive spectator. Suspense, on the other hand, keeps the audience on alert because they are active spectators. They have greater knowledge; they know something that the characters in the film do not, and they know that it will not be pleasant. So it keeps the spectating audience invested with the transpirations of the scene and invite them to engage with the film’s subsequent events.Such as in the opening of this film. It is nearly 15 minutes worth of cinematic and dramatic prestige. Let’s dissect it.Let’s start at the beginning. The first ‘act’ of this scene focuses on creating a tense atmosphere.Monsieur LaPadite is chopping wood and one of his daughters, Julie, is hanging out the washing. Fur Elise’s introduction morphs into a foreboding Spanish guitar plucking (both the twinkling German keys battling against the ‘high noon’ motif) as the girl pulls back the sheet and reveals the oncoming storm of German soldiers. LaPadite orders the other two daughters to remain inside and has Julie ready his washing water.The camera has LaPadite completely isolated, hanging his head in gloom, knowing that the outcome of these event will not be easy to stomach. He is burdened by something unknown, and we as participants in this scene have yet to recognise it. The approach of the Germans instigates a subtle dread and acceptance of the events about to unfold.The tinkling piano keys and strumming guitar strings abruptly end as the revving of the motorcycles grow closer and LaPadite splashes water on his face and rubs it around his neck.Now here comes the man: Hans Landa.Remember what I said earlier about Landa breaking stereotypes? He doesn’t wave a gun or start barking or shouting orders at LaPadite like a typical Nazi. Instead, he is resoundingly polite and offers his hand as a gesture of good acquaintanceship.In this camera shot, you can observe how LaPadite tries to take his hand back from Landa, but Landa keeps the grip. LaPadite hates having to do this, but the German has arrived on his property with no outward hostility, speaking his French tongue as amicably as one could. He has no just cause to refuse.LaPadite invites Landa into his house. The scene begins in earnest.Notice how in the window that the German cohorts are still present. That should highlight that, although things seem to be fine at the moment, there is always that inkling of doubt running through your mind. Inside is also interesting. The symmetrical proportions between LaPadite and Landa pulls us to the side of the family. We see things from the daughters’ perspective as the camera shoots behind their shoulders. When the camera then does a 180 degree reverse shot, the visual reference connects us to the girls emotionally because it gives the air of a limited, trapped space.LaPadite introduces his three daughters, and Landa strides over to kiss the hand of the girl Charlotte. People comment on these videos that he strode over to the one with the most Aryan-like features, but that is untrue.Charlotte is petrified. She and the rest of her family are on edge because they are aware of something that, currently, the audience and Landa are not entirely sure of. Landa, being the shrewd hunter he is, holds her hand in the way one might check for a pulse and his comment about “the rumours” is a sly way of provoking a reaction from Charlotte in order to confirm his suspicions.A German officer is conversating in perfect French and is still remaining as complimentary as ever. You may observe that the camera also does its best to keep Landa in the frame as much as it can when it is facing towards him. This scene is ultimately the demonstration of his absolute power over the family so it is adequate that he receives the most screen time.Yet, he still grabs the wrist of the girls to implicitly threaten, with a smile, that LaPadite’s family will suffer should they not cooperate. This is a small way of conveying to the audience the extent of Landa’s capacity to leave an impression. He is charming and approachable, yet his projection of dominance by holding the girl’s hand in such a way, as well as his assured notoriety in the family’s eye and his general association with the Nazi Party, telegraphs to the audience just how much potential Landa wields as a dangerous man.Oh, and look at, if paused at the right second, how Landa catches Charlotte’s eyes darting downwards at the floor. Landa pays attention to the details which increases his power of knowledge which makes him even more of a dominating force in this current dynamic.Julie shuts the window, Suzanne pours the Colonel a glass of milk and Landa drains it in one. Here, the shot angle is that of a low type, contained in a medium frame, once again serving to highlight Landa’s position of power even at a lower level. He continues his respectful demeanour and politely asks LaPadite to join him at the table. He doesn't demand or bid or order it, though LaPadite still knows he cannot refuse under any circumstance.LaPadite asks Charlotte to take herself and the girls outside so he and Landa can discuss in private.Landa claims he has exhausted his French (even though he has more than proved his expert fluency) and asks if they switch to converse in English. This dialogue is masterful because Landa is always subtly trying to maintain his power over LaPadite. He is never once slipping up with his charade, always asking the farmer for permissions of things first when, ironically, he is the one dressed as an officer of a larger occupying force which LaPadite submits to.It’s a façade. He’s so confident in his abilities that he can afford to project self-deprecation to ultimately deceive LaPadite… when the time is right. The privacy of their conversation transforms the tone of the scene to something more intimate - and more uncomfortable.Throughout the scene as well, there are quite a few long, static takes, which is utilised by Tarantino to draw out the ensuing tension. These are interspersed by textbook OTS (over-the-shoulder) shots in a medium frame size roughly at eye level and the characters simply speak to one another.When Landa begins to press the farmer with his questions, the camera moves slightly closer to LaPadite, so that Landa is out of the shot. Tarantino is framing LaPadite in a more intimate view of his sense of isolation and vulnerability. He’s alone and in danger. We just don’t know it yet.LaPadite answers that he knows Landa has been tasked by the Fuhrer to follow up on any remaining Jewish families residing in France. Landa takes out a ledger and LaPadite stands up to retrieve a box containing his pipe. In this sequence, the camera is static, never reframing. It is focused on Landa examining his documentation, letting LaPadite rise up to cut his head and the top of his shoulders out of the frame, because Landa has the most power, so he controls the scene.Here, we receive our first close-up. The camera follows the farmer’s actions, trying to boost his confidence and holding of power in the scene. For one moment, Tarantino has us believe he has done that. But the camera shot ends with a framing of the Colonel’s hat, with its ominous skull and bones insignia, in the foreground.We shouldn’t be too at ease.Next, we’re back in a two shot, closer to the characters than the two shot which commenced the conversation. At this point, the scene has run for about six-and-a-half minutes; Tarantino needs to switch things up if he wants to keep us hooked.The camera tracks to the left in a circular motion around the characters, completely unmotivated by character work or emotion. Here, Tarantino wants to show us that we are in the hands of a storyteller, and he is about to share an enormously significant narrative piece with the audience.Landa ticks off a name. Then we cut to behind LaPadite’s right shoulder, framing him in a single profile.The camera moves downwards, circumventing the floorboards and showing us the bomb under the table. The scene is no longer tense, we are now in suspense for the second ‘act’.This is the audience's moment to collectively whisper “Oh, shit…”The Jewish family are hiding beneath the floorboards. Now the bomb has been lit, we inevitably wait for it to go off. Our entire perspective on the scene has just changed; suspense has been ignited and the mood is enhanced. When we return to the main set, Tarantino has added a significant layer of tension to the action. We don't want the family to die. We don’t want Landa to find out where they are. Tarantino is cruel in his establishment of an emotional rapport with nameless extras which only exist to add another dimension to a antagonists status as a threatening force.Why is this intense atmosphere suddenly ignited? Imagine you flip a coin, to decide what socks you want to wear for the day. It has its outcomes, but nothing keeping you fearful. However, if you were to flip a coin to determine whether a person lives or dies, then the suspense is invigorating. It is because the level of suspense is proportional to our emotional investment of what is going on.Suspense stems from a psychologically stimulating source: uncertainty. The audience is alert because we are uncertain of what is going to happen. This keeps us emotionally invested in the scene’s events until it is resolved. From this very second forward until the scene’s resolution, one question perturbs our horrified minds: “does Landa know?”In my opinion, I think he doesn’t know, at least initially.That is why the scene is crucial to establish Landa’s significance as an antagonistic force. We only get a surprise, a shock, from watching him march inside the house and order his men to kill the family and goose-step back out. It is also illogical from a narrative perspective because you may as well mutter, “Well, what was that about?” It would be a waste of acting and filming.No. The audience needs to be terrified of what Landa is capable of, so it sets up the Jewish family balancing precariously on the edge of life, and Tarantino’s masterstroke is drawing it out, making our brains beg to wonder if it will end as we expect or if, somehow, it will be resolved unharmed. To this effect, Landa has a large degree of suspicion, and he wants a confirmation. That is his entire purpose with manipulating LaPadite with his trilingual mastery of speech.Continuing on…The camera is shooting from a low angle where the frame cuts the 180 degree line. It is disorienting. We are armed with this new information which puts us on the side of LaPadite. We are afraid for him. We know exactly what is going through his mind right now, but we don’t know anything about Landa. The tension is achieved from Landa’s ability to deduce the truth from people’s reactions to his statements and actions. We suspect he knows, but we never get any clarity on the matterThis is where the ‘rat speech’ comes in. This is also masterful dialogue as well.Landa: Now if one were to determine what attribute the German people share with a beast, it would be the cunning and the predatory instinct of a hawk. But if one were to determine what attributes the Jews share with a beast, it would be that of the rat. If a rat were to walk in here right now as I'm talking, would you treat it with a saucer of your delicious milk?LaPadite: Probably not.Landa: I didn't think so. You don’t like them. You don’t really know why you don’t like them. All that you know is that you find them repulsive. Consequently, a German soldier conducts a search of a house suspected of hiding Jews. Where does the hawk look? He looks in the barn, he looks in the attic, he looks in the cellar, he looks everywhere he would hide, but there's so many places it would never occur to a hawk to hide. However, the reason the Führer's brought me off my Alps in Austria and placed me in French cow country today is because it does occur to me. Because I’m aware of what tremendous feats human beings are capable of once they abandon dignity.This seems like a tangent, doesn’t it? It appears to be so at first, but it is leading us somewhere…Landa then asks to be allowed to smoke his pipe. Where LaPadite thought he had just about scuffed by unscathed, he himself is now uncertain. The destination now seems inevitably - and painfully - clear.Landa explains that his job dictates that he has men conduct a thorough exploration of the property before LaPadite’s family is exonerated. Unless LaPadite has something to tell him to make such a scenario unnecessary.Landa: I must also add that any information that makes a performance of my duties here will not be met with punishment. Actually quite the contrary it will be met with reward. And that reward will be your family will cease to be harassed in any way by the German military during the rest of our occupation of your country.As Landa talks, the camera creeps forward to him and then to LaPadite as well, as if a trap is slowly winding up. If you pay attention very closely, you can just about see where LaPadite’s eyes and micro-expressions denote uncertainty.And Landa catches it.In the space of around 5 seconds, the masquerade is over. The suspense is over, and now we are gripped by dread. Landa is no longer playing around. All our hopes and dreams come crashing down with just ten words:“You are sheltering enemies of the state, are you not?”Waltz may be the one that shot to stardom, but you cannot ignore the gravitas of Menochet’s display of trauma in this moment. LaPadite knows he is defeated, so he can only muster a heartbroken “Yes.” in response.The ticking clock in the background seems to be amplified by the loud silence of the scene. It ticks in time with our heartbeats, or at least tries to keep up.Landa presses the attack:“You’re sheltering them under your floorboards, aren’t you?”LaPadite says “Yes.” Landa orders, no longer asking under polite pretentiousness, the farmer to point out where they are hiding. LaPadite does so, utterly broken and shedding a tear.Additionally, the score starts to prickle up, signalling the jig is up and there is only one resolution. The brass and woodwind section is diabolically ominous, hyping up the audience even further until we break, too.Landa also picks up on the fact that the reason why he hasn’t heard any disturbances is because the family do not know little or any English. LaPadite confirms it.The Colonel switches back to French, exaggerating an informally satisfied end to their conversation to keep up the charade. The score intensifies with some strings, swirling between high and low octaves whilst the brass plays the same note. The Colonel picks up his hat and has his men march inside, weapons at the ready.So, Monsieur, Mademoiselle, I bid you all farewell and say, adieu!”That is the signal to open fire.The floor erupts in a violent shower of tinder. The score propels to a powerful volume of defeat, failure and death. Only when we witness the destruction of our ideal world do we finally take a breath.We feel completely empty.We fear Landa.And we keep out seats for the rest of the film.Through stretching a rubber band of suspense in a variety of different means, Tarantino created a magnum opus of cinema. The ways he framed the camera, the acting prowess of Waltz and Menochet, the lack of a score before one being built up at the right time, it all combines to produce such a powerfully mesmerising and beautiful scene of true filmmaking expertise.TL;DR: to enhance the mood of a scene or its characters, keep in mind what your ultimate goal is. What do you want to tell or show the audience about what they can expect from the film? Do you want to set up characters, heroic or villainous? Do you want to show off how creative and versatile you can move the camera? Do you want an absence of a musical score to advance an emotional or narrative perspective, or a score playing underneath that underlines the scene’s events? Do you want to excite, humour, annoy, overwhelm or inspire your audience?Keeping these things in mind is what makes a good director, and a good film.Peace and Love.A short life and a merry one.

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