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Friend, the UNCLOS replaces the older and weaker 'freedom of the seas' concept.The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982.The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. The Convention, concluded in 1982, replaced four 1958 treaties.UNCLOS came into force in 1994, a year after Guyana became the 60th nation to sign the treaty. As of January 2015, 166 countries and the European Union have joined in the Convention. However, it is uncertain as to what extent the Convention codifies customary international law.When boundaries of countries as per UNCLOS overlap, it is decided by bilateral agreements.Furthermore,you can read here in detail: What is meant by international waters and airspace?Source: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Yes Greeks are really worried and it’s a long answer.Regarding foreign relations there are 3 elements: intention, capability and action. Greece has neither the intention nor the capability to invade Turkey. Some idiots, after a military coup, tried in 1921 and it didn’t end up well. I’ve got plenty of Turkish friends whom I visit and also whom I welcome in my home. It is much easier to be friends than anything else.On the other hand, Turkish government policies show intention (questioning the essence of the treaty), capability (huge army with proven amphibious assault capabilities), leaving only action dangling as the proverbial Damocles sword. Investing so much money in a new ship such as TCG Anadolu, to further enhance power projection and amphibious assault capabilities, has most Greeks worried.Turkey has every right to defend its sovereign territory, just as Greece. It’s in the UN charter, which also deems illegal forceful border changes.Regarding violations of the Lausanne Treaty, I think both sides are culprits.Art. 14: “The islands of Imbros and Tenedos (note: Gokzaada & Boczaada), remaining under Turkish sovereignty, shall enjoy a special administrative organisation composed of local elements and furnishing every guarantee for the native non-Moslem population in so far as concerns local administration and the protection of persons and property. The maintenance of order will be assured therein by a police force recruited from among the local population by the local administration above provided for and placed under its orders. The agreements which have been, or may be, concluded between Greece and Turkey relating to the exchange of the Greek and Turkish populations will not be applied to the inhabitants of the islands of Imbros and Tenedos.”On 26 June 1927 , in violation to art. 14, the legislation of "Civil Law" (Mahalli Idareler Kanunu) revoked all the rights accorded to the Greek population of Imbros and Tenedos .See: Imbros - WikipediaOn the other side: the Lausanne Treaty mentioned in art. 13: “ With a view to ensuring the maintenance of peace, the Greek Government undertakes to observe the following restrictions in the islands of Mytilene, Chios, Samos and Nikaria:(I) No naval base and no fortification will be established in the said islands.(2) Greek military aircraft will be forbidden to fly over the territory of the Anatolian coast. Reciprocally, the Turkish Government will forbid their military aircraft to fly over the said islands.(3) The Greek military forces in the said islands will be limited to the normal contingent called up for military service….”While it is true that Mytilini, Chios and Samos have around 5000 soldiers each , there are no fortifications nor naval bases. Furthermore they totally lack projection capability (ability to conduct assault operations), their tactical purpose being slowing down a putative invasion by 4. Ordu, an Army Corp with a well proven amphibious assault capability.The borders where laid down in 1923 and for the Dodecanese, precisely in 1932 (Ankara Treaty) . Who wants to change the borders and why?1953 map from the Turkish Republic’s Mapping General Directorate. Aegean islands, Turkish - Greek borders (as determined by the Ankara Treaty). This map was filed by the Turkish authorities with ICAO, an United Nations body.During President Erdogan’s Athens visit, he officially stated his wish to see the Lausanne Treaty replaced .This treaty was fundamental at settling once and for all the borders between two warring nations. In order to create a new treaty, thus redrawing borders, both sides need to agree. If one side doesn’t agree to change, the other can only do so by force. Whereas Greece, by far the weakest of the two, rests its defense on “soft power”: International Law, the UN charter , EU Law, UN conventions, the International Court of Justice, etc, Turkey’s will rests on “hard power”.So what are the circumstances which imply the necessity of a new treaty? The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea .UNCLOS replaces the older 'freedom of the seas' concept, dating from the 17th century: national rights were limited to a specified belt of water extending from a nation's coastlines, usually 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) (Three-mile limit), according to the 'cannon shot' rule developed by the Dutch jurist Cornelius van Bynkershoek. All waters beyond national boundaries were considered international waters: free to all nations, but belonging to none of them (the mare liberum principle promulgated by Hugo Grotius).Obviously the 3 n. miles rule influenced the Lausanne treaty article 12: “Except where a provision to the contrary is contained in the present Treaty ( reference to sovereignty of the islands of Goczaada & Bokzaada, in art. 13), the islands situated at less than three miles from the Asiatic coast remain under Turkish sovereignty”(last paragraph of art. 12).UNCLOS also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982. The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources. The Convention, concluded in 1982, replaced four 1958 treaties. UNCLOS came into force in 1994, a year after Guyana became the 60th nation to ratify the treaty.As of June 2016, 167 countries and the European Union have joined in the Convention. It is uncertain as to what extent the Convention codifies customary international law.It is certain that the Aegean and to a certain extent the Mediterranean have peculiarities which need to be addressed creatively as there are no ready made solutions.There are several ways to sort these issues. Would Turkey become an EU member, it would have to ratify UNCLOS and accept ICJ jurisdiction (it currently refuses both).It is true that nationalists both from Greece or Turkey tend to be illiterate when it comes to treaties and conventions. The Greek nationalists see the current Greek state as a continuation of Byzantium, after a 400 year Ottoman hiatus, hence they believe that all the Aegean Sea is Greek. Usually we tell them that the sea belongs to its fish!The Turkish nationalists consider that the Lausanne Treaty was a mistake and the islands were given away by error (or treason). In parallel to the Greeks Byzantium delirium, they got their own Neo-Ottoman fantasy.Those who know a little more argue that the islands near the Turkish coast have no continental shelf of their own, since they sit on Turkey’s shelf, which to me is a valid argument.There are many international jurists who have pondered over the issue and have come up with solutions and maps. These solutions comply with both UNCLOS and Turkey’s valid claim that its shipping (whether commercial or military) may move unrestricted, by creating a 3 to 5 mile wide access channel cutting through “Greek waters”, whenever necessary. Some other areas are marked for joint exploitation just like the nations of N. Europe share the North Sea.ref: a possible solution?To me, the trouble has been the inability of Greek governments to sell to the nationalists the principle that Kastellorizon (Megisti or Meis, opposite Kas) has no shelf of its own, thus granting Turkey an uninterrupted EEZ from Rhodos to Paphos (Western Cyprus). So no Greek government has ever addressed the problem, rather leaving it for the next government to solve… “Kicking the can” has be going on for years. Because of this reluctance, Turkish nationalist feel empowered to make the most absurd claims. A Quoran even claimed that I falsified Google maps and that Agathonisi (Esek) and Farmakonisi (Bulamac) were actually much closer to the Asian coast than the three miles stated in art. 12 of the Lausanne Treaty!Of course it is also very convenient for the same Greek Governments to point at Turkey and say “they are going to invade us”. They can then justify enormous military procurement, where a part of the tax payers hard earned money ends up in these politicians offshore accounts. See from the FT about Papandreou’s best pal: “A former Greek defense minister has been jailed for 20 years after being convicted of taking bribes that were laundered through offshore companies and used to buy property. Akis Tsohatzopoulos, aged 74, who oversaw Greece’s biggest-ever defense procurement program between 1998 and 2001, received more than €50 m in bribes, according to the prosecutor, relating to the purchase of Russian missiles and German submarines. His conviction is the first in decades of a senior Greek politician on serious corruption charges.”To me, the real issue is the lack of morality of both Greek and Turkish populist governments. I fear that its looking very unlikely that they would, any soon, be replaced by courageous and visionary politicians, a very rare combination indeed. It is telling that current Greco-Turkish “technical commissions” working on these issues are on the friendliest terms possible, but politicians refuse to implement their suggestions, because of short term electoral gains, no doubt.To end this long post on a humorous note, here’s a meme of P. Kammenos (the populist far right, outrageous, prejudiced and obese defense minister) explaining his strangest political bedfellow A. Tsipras (the populist leftist prime minister) that he “shall crawl down on this path and sneak in to the Turkish barracks cookhouse. They got kebab today”…

All countries in the world are putting in place measures to save not just their coast line but also the complete ocean.United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is an international effort to save the seas.Since 1993, ocean disposal has been banned by international treaties. (London Convention (1972), Basel Convention, MARPOL 73/78)The international law–based regulations on deep sea mining are contained in the United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea, which came into force in 1994. The convention set up the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which regulates nations’ deep sea mining ventures outside each nations’ Exclusive Economic Zone (a 200-nautical-mile (370 km) area surrounding coastal nations.The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is an intergovernmental organization created by the mandate of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. The tribunal is based in Hamburg, Germany. The Convention also established the International Seabed Authority, with responsibility for the regulation of seabed mining beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. There are currently 167 signatories, 166 states plus the European Union.IMO Marine Environment Protection Conventions meet from time to time and create specific laws for maritime pollution like anti fouling, ship wrecks etcThough not agreed to by all countries, The Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas is an agreement that was designed to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being overexploited.Countries too have put in place their own strict laws toprevent dumping of garbage and waste in seaOverfishingoverexploitation of sea resourcesShore protection laws to prevent shores from being washed awayLaws to prevent pollution from ships