Appendices 1-10 - Department Of Veterans' Affairs: Fill & Download for Free

Man, I can’t believe some of these answers I see.In Quantum Entanglement there are a few things to know. First, it is an observed behavior, it is not explained. Any explanation would have been accompanied by an awaiting Nobel, there have been none. There is tons of math that describes it, but that is not an explanation. For instance, Galileo was effectively able to derive 9m/s^2 as the Earth’s gravitational acceleration by watching bowling balls fall from different heights. Although he got the number quite close, that was not an explanation of gravitation.Second, ‘signaling’ at any velocity, even superluminal, has been ruled out. The answer why it was ruled out is more than I can write on this page.The first thing you need to review is this, which describes the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser experiments by Kim, et al: https://www.quora.com/If-an-electron-is-in-a-superposition-state-of-two-possible-energy-levels-from-where-would-it-absorb-energy-to-jump-to-the-next-level-if-the-wave-function-collapses/answer/Bill-Bray-6Just to clarify: when we got to describing the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser, that erased all doubt that the conscious observer plays a role in the system, not merely an inert detector. Again, no mechanistic argument otherwise has been awarded the awaiting Nobel, therefore counter arguments otherwise simply ideologically contradict the outcome of the experiments. The current verbiage uses the term ‘entangled with the past’ rather than outwardly state ‘retro causality,’ or causality violation.’ Among the countless claims of an explanation, none have occurred. In 2012 Wineland and Haroche were awarded a Nobel for scaling the phenomenon up to the macroscopic scale. [Sharon Begley, Chris Wickham; A Nobel prize for being in two places at once, SCIENCE NEWS OCTOBER 9, 2012] Some have misidentified this with a Nobel for a mechanistic explanation of the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser. This development led to the current Quantum Computing model.Essentially, what Wineland and Haroche accomplished was to hit an atom with exactly half of the photon energy to move it to another position. What resulted was the atom being in both locations simultaneously. Normally such a superposition is limited to a single photon or electron. However, scaling it up to atomic proportions was a Nobel piece of work.To make it more clear, Superposition is an observed phenomenon. There are countless mathematical descriptions of it. HOWEVER, there is NO explanation what or why it is. To use superposition as an explanation is non-sequitur. Superposition is not defined, albeit there are tons of mathematical equations describing the behavior by way of observation; that is not an explanation of what or why it is. The math only describes what it may or may not do.In the double slit phenomenon, why does superposition occur at one or both slits rather than anywhere else in the cosmos? Even according to all of the current mathematical descriptions of superposition, there is a wide distribution of possible localities extending out to infinity. While there is a greater probability that it is superpositioned across a more narrow choice of locations, there is no equation on Earth that describes that there are exactly two possible superpositions, oddly at each slit. (Except for those that are fudge).The answer being superposition (with respect to spatial locality), then, is a billion times more mysterious than the original question. That is, the choices in superposition of localities is infinite, and inexplicably result in one or both slits; the odds are exactly infinity to 1 that this is the correct answer. It is in fact so absurd, that it is embarrassing to watch.I have seen countless papers, all using the term superposition to try and describe why the double-slit experiment behaves as it does, and superposition with respect to time to describe the quantum eraser portion of the experiment. But in all of these papers, they copy and paste the same equations for superposition, and in each case, the equations, embarrassingly, state the probability of being at only two choices of position, the slits, and/or two choices in time, the 8 nanosecond interval between detectors (D3 and D0), is infinitesimal.The equations (in every case) clearly state that there are an infinite number of localities, and infinite number of temporal locations throughout time. The fact that these become ‘reality’ at one or both slits, or 8 nanoseconds in the past at Detector-zero is a clear indication that the mechanistic answer is non-sequitur.In the Delayed Choice portion of Kim et al’s setup, why does superposition occur 8ns back in time at detector D-zero rather than any other time in the universe? The answer, again, of the magic black box superposition then becomes a billion times more mysterious than the original question; again. Yes, the wave function is superpositioned in time, and again, the choice of possible localities in time is ultimately spread across (this differs a little) from the Big Bang until the exact present. Why it is superpositioned at exactly two localities in time and not smeared equally across 4 x 10^27 (the number of nanoseconds of the age of the current cosmos) temporal localities is a thousand, trillion, trillion times less likely to be the correct answer. That is, the temporal location in superposition is a smear, rather than a distinct locality. In spatial locality, there are one or two outcomes, and we’re OK with that. In temporal locality, (like Bob and Alice) once two positions materialize, the temporal order between them becomes a smear, not distinct. If the temporal localities were distinct, normal ‘signaling’ between Bob and Alice would be observed, taking time; and Quantum Entanglement would not be observed. Again, this suggestion is so bizarre it is embarrassing to watch someone say it. (Like you’re the one who is embarrassed when the comedian or performer on stage sucks, an oddity in human empathy).Part of what Wineland and Wickham achieved was in fact, getting an atom to superposition where they wanted it to be. However, their methodology is in no way related to the Delayed Choice or the Quantum Eraser phenomenon.Therefore, the great and proud use terms like superposition to explain the how and why, when in fact that answer is so absurd it is embarrassing to watch. Yes, there is superposition (being in more than one place at one time, requiring being in more than one time at one time, as well as a distribution of velocities at one time). HOWEVER, being at exactly one slit or the other, or 8ns at the first detector (as per Kim et al’s setup) IS NOT explained by superposition, which defines them as being distributed, ultimately, across an infinite domain. Yes, there is a greater probability that they are closer, but the probability that they are positioned at exactly the second slit or 8ns back at the first detector is so nearly zero we can just call it zero.“I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness. Everything that we talk about, everything that we regard as existing, postulating consciousness.” - Max Planck [Kahn, Boundless Paradox, Dec 4, 2015]And Wheeler’s last chalk boardThis was written in Wheeler’s obituary by Misner, Thorne, and Zurek, three of the most gifted minds in physics.IN SUMMARY: We do not have an explanation of how and why, just a long record of observations, as well as a plethora of hypotheses. Signaling has been ruled out, rather than the use of statistics and explain them, I’ll just say that I agree.As for ‘in this universe’ and references I’ve seen on this page to Quantum phenomenon not occurring in this universe, alternate universes, or lack thereof, I can’t go with that. In fact, 99% of the mass-energy of a proton is via quantum phenomenon; ordinarily referred to as the ‘quantum fluctuation.’ That means that 99% of the mass-energy of the physical, visible cosmos is the result of ‘quantum fluctuations.’ The Strong (both internal [holds quarks together] and intermediate, [holds protons and neutrons together] and Weak Forces are fueled entirely by the ‘quantum fluctuation.’More concisely, the unobservable (dimensions of the Gods) Dark Energy and Dark Matter are thought this week to make up about 94% of the massenergy of the cosmos, baryonic stuff almost 6%. however, 99% of the mass of the baryon is Heisenberg uncertainy principle (oxymoron in this case) Borrowed energy that defines the proton mass out to fifteen significant figure accuracy for some 10^80 particles with 0.000000000000001% precision stable for the past 14-billion years regardless of change of state from 10^23 degree kelvin to minus 270, with zero evidence if so much as one ororin destabilizing.Meaning, 99.99999999999999% of the massenergy of the cosmos is unibservable (dimensions of the Gods) and is imorovable, and never, wver, ever can bw procen for infinity. all measurements will yield OBSWRVABLE results and in every case from a centuey ago to infinity in thefuture DISPROVE these unobservabkes; each and evwry single one and c ollectively disproven for infinity, and for infinity there will always be sisproif if every darj this and heisenberg that.All of these shot glass (not a gallon) hypotheses come from grad cadets worjing on rheir unique theses as requirement for the program. they are released like salmon out into the world where there are no jobs for writing big theories. so they push, they purchase press releases to anounce their brilliant paper, like Eddy VanHalen they want to be notuced, not ignored, they want their song on the radio, not gthwring dust unheard. they fight and oaw at the chance to edit rhis weeks Wikipedia page on the subject, and plug reference o their big theory paper in: upside down equations and all.That is physics, that is why not hing tangible since the transistor 1947 has occurred in physics. nothing.Our current models for quantum gravitation and the emergence of space-time and its geometry are now falling into this superposition, quantum entanglement domain.Recall that the Nobel awarded to Wineland and Wickham was for scaling the superposition phenomenon up to macroscopic scales. (Well, atomic, but that’s certainly within our spectrum of real experience today).I said somewhere that these explanations were embarrassing to watch. Do you know the feeling? You go to an open mike night at a bar. The comedian, singer, musician, or whatever suck so bad you feel embarrassed. That is an odd quirk in human empathy. Albeit, the performer usually doesn’t think they suck. Yet, you know they suck. You in fact know that everyone who can hear thinks they suck. The more the performer exhibits confidence in their terrible performance, the more embarrassed you feel. Andy Kauffman, one of the greatest comedians of all time, used this exact paradoxical empathy (as it is called) in many of his approaches. For instance, wrestling women, and my favorite of all time, ‘Foreign Man’ singing the Mighty Mouse theme song. The observer gets confused rather they are laughing at or with the performer. Kauffman used this paradox to entertain.Today, there is so much competition for attention, rock star, conspiracy theory, suspicion, being the keeper of the cheese (In Ren & Stimpy verbiage). I tend to think of it all as the ‘Kaufmann Paradox.’ Am I laughing at or with the performer? Am I embarrassed or enjoying myself? What is the emotion I am experiencing? Is it anger, watching him wrestle women and still having to use dirty tricks? The ‘Kaufmann Paradox.’So, I didn’t answer your question: We don’t know what entanglement, superposition, and related phenomenon are. We only have descriptions of observed behavior. This is not an explanation. I can’t answer your question with anything more than a hypothesis of my own making. There is no firm, irrefutable, nor correct answer what superposition and quantum entanglement are. Thus, using the terms, superposition and quantum entanglement as an explanation fulfills the Kaufman Paradox.1.Bondi, H, Relativity and Common Sense 1980 ISBN-13: 978-04862402132.Perspectives on Death and Dying 5th Edition, An Online Textbook edited by Dr. Philip A. Pecorino.3."A Statutory Definition of the Standards for Determining Human Death: An Appraisal and a Proposal," 121 Pa. L. Rev. 87. In 19754."Uniform Determination of Death Act" developed jointly by the National Conference on Commissioners of Uniform State Law, the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association, approved October 19, 1980 and February 10, 1981.5.Uniform Anatomical Gift Act6.Capron, A. M. and Kass, L. R. "A Statutory Definition of the Standards for Determining Human Death" University of Pennsylvania Law Review 121:87-118, 1972.7.DEATH, DYING AND THE BIOLOGICAL REVOLUTION by Robert M. Vetch, Yale University Press, 1972. Copyright O 1972 by Yale University Press.8.James L. Bernat, Charles M. Culver, and Bernard Gert, Defining Death in Theory and Practice9.Nancy Weitzman (QCC, 2003)10.The criteria for irreversible coma are set in the Harvard Ad Hoc Committee report (1968).11.1968 report by the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death; coma depasse (beyond coma)12.American Bar Association` and the Uniform Brain Death Act' put forward by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. 197013.Preparation of this paper was aided by a grant from the Ira W. Decamp Foundation (Dr. Culver) and NEH-NSF grant ISP­h018088 A01, Sustained Development Award (Prof. Geri). The views represented herein are solely the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the granting agencies.14.President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Defining Death: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the De­termination of Death (Washington, DC, July 1981), 84 pp. plus six appendices.15.James L Bernat, Charles M. Culver, Bernard Geri, "On the Definition and Criterion of Death," Annals of Internal Medicine 94 (1981). 389-394.16.Robert M. Vetch. Death, Dying and the Biological Revolution (New Haven; Yale Uni­versity Press, 1976).17.Law Reform Commission of Canada, Cri­teria for the Determination of Death (Ottawa, Law-Reform Commission of Canada, March, 1981).18."House of delegates redefines death, urges redefinition of rape, and undoes the Houston amendments-" American Bar Association Journal 61 (1970, 463-4.19.Uniform Brain Death Act 1. 12 Uniform Laws Annotated 15 (supplement, 1980).20.James L. Bernat, M.D., is on the staff of the division of neurology of the department of medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, and of the Medical Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, White River Junction, Vermont.21.CONTROVERSIES IN THE DETERMINATION OF DEATH: A WHITE PAPER BY THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS; The President's Council on Bioethics Washington, D.C., December 2008.22.J. A. Wheeler and R. P., Feynman, “Interaction with the absorber as a mechanism of radiation”, Rev.Mod. Phys. 17 157 (1945).23.J. E. Hogarth, “ Considerations of the Absorber Theory of Radiation”, Proc. Roy. Soc. A267,24.pp365-383 (1962).25.Cramer, John G. (July 1986). "The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics". Reviews of Modern Physics. 58 (3): 647–688. Bibcode:1986RvMP...58..647C. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.58.647.26.Cramer, John G. (February 1988). "An Overview of the Transactional Interpretation" (PDF). International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 27 (2): 227–236. Bibcode:1988IJTP...27..227C. doi:10.1007/BF00670751.27.Cramer, John G. (3 April 2010). "Quantum Entanglement, Nonlocality, Back-in-Time Messages" (PPT). John G. Cramer's Home Page. University of Washington.28.Cramer, John G. (2016). The Quantum Handshake: Entanglement, Nonlocality and Transactions. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-3319246406.29.Richard Feynman: A life in science, p.273 et seq., John Gribbin, Mary Gribbin, Dutton, Penguin Books, 199730.Noah Linden, Sandu Popescu, Anthony J. Short, and Andreas Winter. Quantum mechanical evolution towards thermal equilibrium. Physical Re-view E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 79(6):1{12, 2009.}31.Piero Nicolini, Entropic force, noncommutative gravity and ungravity, Aug 16, 2010, arXiv:1005.2996v3 [gr-qc] 13 Aug 201032.Wheeler, J. A.; Feynman, R. P. (1945). "Interaction with the Absorber as the Mechanism of Radiation". Reviews of Modern Physics 17(2–3): 157–161.33.Wheeler, J. A.; Feynman, R. P. (1949). "Classical Electrodynamics in Terms of Direct Interparticle Action". Reviews of Modern Physics21 (3): 425–433.34.The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics by John Cramer. Reviews of Modern Physics 58, 647-688, July (1986)35.Feynman, Richard (1949). "The Theory of Positrons". Physical Review 76 (76): 749.Reply to “Comment to a paper of M. Villata on antigravity”, Astrophysics and Space Science, January 2012, Volume 337, Issue 1, pp 15-17

Sit down and ask him to list ON PAPER each reason why he objects to you doing something. Don't let him just lecture, make him see it on paper.Thank him for caring about you and ask him if you can take some time to really process the information he has given you.Don't be a brat and don't dismiss his concerns as invalid or you're never going to get anywhere.He needs to know that you heard him and that you value his experience and knowledge as a parent.Go on your room and get online and research his concerns. Form a solid rebuttal backed up with facts from reputable sources that you can prove.Example:https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/child_law/conf/Fearing_Bogeyman_David_Pimentel.authcheckdam.pdfAlso, validate the root cause of his fear. Let him know that yes, these things happen, but he raised you right and you are aware of the dangers. But you can get hurt just as easily as home. It's not isolation that protects you but being aware of your surroundings, knowing what threats to avoid (drugs, drinking, teen pregnancy, etc) but more importantly having a plan of action in place if something did happen.Write a behavior contract. Here's an example The Freedom Contract: Holding a Teen to Responsible AccountWrite a plan of action contract that stipulates what is expected of you and what he advises that you do if something goes wrong.Sign it.Respect it.Don't betray his trust and hold him accountable if he doesn't hold up his end of the bargain.Remember, he's the parent. Sometimes you just gotta suck it up and get through it. I'm 40 years old with three children of my own and my mother STILL won't let my husband and I sleep in the same room together when we visit. Hence…we rarely visit. She is ridiculous. I hope you have better luck with your parents than I did at your age.Here's about 5 hours of research I did on your behalf so you could use it in your conversation when you talk to your dad about his objections and fears. I hope it helps. Please leave me a comment on this thread and let me know how it goes okay. -Hillary MarekExample:“The least safe thing you can do with your child, statistically, is drive them somewhere,” said Lenore Skenazy, author of “Free-Range Kids,” a manifesto preaching a return to the day when children were allowed to roam on their own. “Yet every time we put them in the car we don’t think, ‘Oh God, maybe I should take public transportation instead, because if something happened to my kid on the way to the orthodontist I could never forgive myself.’ ”So we put them in that car and we drive — to the orthodontist, to school, to their friend’s house two blocks away — because “if I let them walk and they were abducted I would never forgive myself.” This despite the fact that the British writer Warwick Cairns, author of “How to Live Dangerously,” has calculated that if you wanted to guarantee that your child would be snatched off the street, he or she would have to stand outside alone for 750,000 hours. And while we are busy inflating some risks, we tend not to focus on others — like the obesity and diabetesthat result when children are driven someplace when they could walk, or when they play video games inside instead of playing in the park.OK but wait… it might be rare but it's not an urban legend. Your dad has valid reason for his concerns.According to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (citing U.S. Department of Justice reports), nearly 800,000 children are reported missing each year. That's more than 2,000 a day.The NCMEC says 203,000 children are kidnapped each year by family members. Another 58,200 are abducted by non-family members. Many others are runaways or pushed out of the home by parents.Despite these huge numbers, very few children are victims of the kinds of crimes that so-often lead local and national news reports. According to NCMEC, just 115 children are the victims of what most people think of as "stereotypical" kidnapping, which the center characterizes thusly: "These crimes involve someone the child does not know or someone of slight acquaintance, who holds the child overnight, transports the child 50 miles or more, kills the child, demands ransom, or intends to keep the child permanently."Of these 115 incidents, 57 percent ended with the return of the child. The other 43 percent had a less happy outcome.Posted By Gabe Falcon, CNN Writer: 6:04 PM ETBehind the Scenes of a Kidnappinghttps://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=6849238Over 100 children were found safe during a one-day sweep by multiple Michigan law enforcement agencies, the US Marshals Service said Wednesday.The agency said Operation MISafeKid recovered 123 missing children Sept. 26 throughout Wayne County in a sweep aimed to identify and recover missing children and locate victims of sex trafficking.The operation had 301 case files for missing children open before the sweep, which was the first of its kind in Wayne County, according to the report.All recovered children were interviewed by authorities about possibly being sexually victimized or used in a sex trafficking ring and officials said three identified as possible sex trafficking cases.The report said one homeless teenage boy had not had anything to eat in three days, so authorities transported him back to their command post for food and turned him over to Child Protective Services for aftercare.In addition to the missing children in Michigan, officers in the operation obtained information about two missing children in Texas and another in Minnesota. Those cases are being actively investigated, officials said.“The message to the missing children and their families that we wish to convey is that we will never stop looking for you,” the US Marshals Service said.Several agencies were involved in the operation including the US Marshals Service, Michigan State Police, Detroit Police Department, Wayne County local law enforcement, as well as the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children and the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Inspector General.http://polarisproject.org/sites/default/files/2017NHTHStats%20%281%29.pdfAlthough slavery is commonly thought to be a thing of the past, human traffickers generate hundreds of billions of dollars in profits by trapping millions of people in horrific situations around the world, including here in the U.S. Traffickers use violence, threats, deception, debt bondage, and other manipulative tactics to force people to engage in commercial sex or to provide labor or services against their will. While more research is needed on the scope of human trafficking, below are a few key statistics:The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 40.3 million victims of human trafficking globally.81% of them are trapped in forced labor.25% of them are children.75% are women and girls.The International Labor Organization estimates that forced labor and human trafficking is a $150 billion industry worldwide.The U.S. Department of Labor has identified 148 goods from 75 countries made by forced and child labor.In 2017, an estimated 1 out of 7 endangered runaways reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children were likely child sex trafficking victims.Of those, 88% were in the care of social services or foster care when they ran.There is no official estimate of the total number of human trafficking victims in the U.S. Polaris estimates that the total number of victims nationally reaches into the hundreds of thousands when estimates of both adults and minors and sex trafficking and labor trafficking are aggregated.Statistics from the National Human Trafficking Hotline and Polaris BeFree TextlineMore than 49,000 total cases of human trafficking have been reported to the Hotline in the last 10 years.The Hotline annually receives multiple reports of human trafficking cases in each of the 50 states and D.C. Read more Hotline statistics here.The number of human trafficking cases that Polaris learns about in the U.S. increases every year. Review our 2017 statistics fact sheet here.24% of texting conversations on the Polaris BeFree Textline were from survivors of human trafficking compared to 14% of phone calls on the Hotline. Read Polaris BeFree Textline statistics here.The Hotline receives an average of 150 calls per day. Read stories of survivors who called the hotline for help.What if it's your boyfriend? What if he hurts you and dad isn't there to protect you?Kenya Fairley, Program Manager, Division of Family Violence Prevention & Services, Family & Youth Services BureauOne in ten high school students has been purposefully hit, slapped, or physically hurt by a boyfriend or girlfriend and one in six college women has been sexually abused in a dating relationship.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Visit disclaimer page found that approximately 7% of adult women and 4% of adult men who ever experienced rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner first experienced some form of partner violence by that same partner and before 18.Each month, the National Domestic Violence Hotline’s loveisrespectVisit disclaimer page project responds to over 5,000 contacts via phone, text, and online chat.The impacts of violence last long beyond the incident itself. Youth who experience intimate partner violence are more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety; engage in tobacco, drug, and alcohol use; exhibit antisocial behaviors; have thoughts of suicide; and be victimized in college.During Teen Dating Violence Awareness Month, we encourage individuals and communities to work together to inform youth and the adults in their lives about the signs of unhealthy relationships and where to go if help is needed.A great way to learn more is through loveisrespectVisit disclaimer page. Funded through the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA), loveisrespect provides support, information, and advocacy to young people who have questions or concerns about their dating relationships, and can also help concerned parents, teachers, service providers, clergy and law enforcement understand how to address abuse among the young people they serve.Get more facts and statistics hereAddressing Intimate Partner Abuse in Runaway and Homeless Youth: A Practical Guide for Service ProvidersVisit disclaimer page (PDF). This practical guide from the Hollywood Homeless Youth PartnershipVisit disclaimer page addresses challenges specific to runaway and homeless youth facing intimate partner violence.The Exchange. Funded through FYSB, this clearinghouse provides resources about prevention of adolescent pregnancy for program grantees, partners, stakeholders, and youth to increase visibility and impact of their work to help prepare teens for the future.VAWnet Online Special Collection: Preventing and Responding to Teen Dating Violence Visit disclaimer pagecurates and organizes the work of many organizations that aim to prevent and respond to teen dating violence among different populations.Launched in February 2007 as a project of the National Domestic Violence Hotline, loveisrespect Visit disclaimer pageis a 24-hour resource for teens and 20-somethings who were experiencing dating violence and abuse. Anyone in the general public may access loveisrespect by phone, text, or online chat. Blogs, quizzes, and other resources are available on the website.Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Healthy Relationships Tip Sheet. This tip sheet for service providers gives an overview of what we know about teen violence and pregnancy, as well as practical ways, examples, and resources for integrating healthy relationship content into programs for youth.Have questions about the health and safety of your relationship? Contact loveisrespect, any day/any time, to talk with a peer advocate at 1-866-331-9474or text “loveis” to 22522 or chat online at http://www.loveisrespect.orgVisit disclaimer page. Also, take dating quizzes, get resources, and read blogs on dating and hooking up, dynamics of abuse, self-care, and helping othersDrugs? Alcohol? What are you kids up to these days anyway?Teens’ use of most illegal drugs is down—way down—except for marijuana, which is staying about the same. However, teens are vaping more often than before, and their use of inhalants has increased slightly.Those are some of the findings from the latest Monitoring the Future survey. More than 43,700 students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades (from 360 schools across the United States) took the survey in 2017. Here are some of the things we learnedfrom them.The good newsOverall, teens’ use of illegal drugs (other than marijuana and inhalants) continues to decrease. It’s now the lowest in the history of the survey in all three grades. That’s excellent!OpioidsTeens are misusing opioid pain medications less than they did 10 years ago.Misuse of all pain medications (including over-the-counter medicines) has also dropped since 2004. For instance, 12th graders’ misuse of pain medications fell by more than half, from nearly 10 percent in 2004 to just over 4 percent.AlcoholAlthough teens’ binge drinking (having five or more drinks in a row sometime in the last two weeks) stayed at a similar level as in 2016, it has declined a lot since it peaked in the late 1990s (for 8th and 12th graders) and in 2000 (for 10th graders).MarijuanaAnother concern for teens in school is that daily marijuana use has become more popular than daily cigarette smoking.Looking at all three grades, marijuana use is up slightly to nearly 24 percent, compared to almost 23 percent last year.Over the past 10 years, 12th graders’ daily use of marijuana has remained about the same, but their daily use of cigarettes has dropped.Fewer teens in school now disapprove of regular marijuana use: Close to 65 percent of 12th graders disapprove, compared to almost 69 percent in 2016. (Reminder: Recreational use of marijuana is still illegalfor teens in all 50 states, and using it can have long-term effects on your brain.)InhalantsUse of inhalants among 8th graders is back up to 2015 levels, with nearly 5 percent saying they used inhalants in 2017. This had dropped to under 4 percent in 2016.Cigarettes/HookahTeens are using traditional tobacco products less these days.Hookah use has fallen for the second year in a row: Just over 10 percent of high school seniors reported using hookah in 2017, compared to 13 percent in 2016 and nearly 23 percent in 2014.Cigarettes are being used less often, too. In 1997, nearly 25 percent of 12th graders said they smoked them; in the latest survey, just over 4 percent did.Areas for concernVapingTeens in school aren’t smoking traditional cigarettes as much as before, but they’re vaping more often. (The survey asked about “any vaping,” so the answers could mean teens are using e-cigarettes, e-pipes, vape pens, or other electronic vaporizers.) This isn’t good news, because some teens who vape are using nicotine for the first time, and research showsthey’re much more likely to smoke regular tobacco cigarettes later.Close to 28 percent of high school seniors reported vaping.When asked what they inhaled the last time they vaped, nearly 52 percent of 12th graders who used a vaping device said it was “just flavoring,” close to 33 percent said “nicotine,” and just over 11 percent said “marijuana” or “hash oil.” We should point out, though, that many teens don’t really know what’s in the device they’re vaping, and labels aren’t always reliable. Even if e-cig liquid only contains flavoring, it can also contain toxic chemicals.Nicotine and Tobacco2018 is the second year in which the MTF survey asked high school students about vaping specific substances ever, in the past year, and in the past month. In just one year, rates of past-year vaping increased by about one-third in all grades, to 17.6 percent of 8th graders, 32.3 percent of 10th graders, and 37.3 percent of 12th graders. After alcohol, vaping is the second most common form of substance use in all three grades.Students were also asked what substances they had consumed via vaping—nicotine, marijuana, or “just flavoring.” “Just flavoring” was most commonly noted by 8th graders (reported by 15.1 percent), followed by nicotine (10.9 percent) and marijuana (4.4 percent). Tenth graders reported identical rates of “just flavoring” and nicotine vaping (24.7 percent), and 12.4 percent of 10th graders reported vaping marijuana. A higher percentage of 12th graders reported vaping nicotine (29.7 percent) than flavoring alone (25.7 percent), and 13.1 percent reported vaping marijuana. It is important to note that students do not always know what is in the device they are using; labeling is inconsistent, and they often use devices bought by other people. The most popular vaping devices on the market do not offer options that are nicotine-free.These one-year jumps in vaping are mirrored by changes in the perception of availability; more 8th and 10th graders reported that vaping devices and e-liquids containing nicotine are easy or very easy to obtain in 2018 than in 2017.The survey data regarding vaping also reveal an increase in the perception of the harm of vaping when nicotine is specifically mentioned. While 22.1 percent of 8th graders reported thinking that it is harmful to regularly use e-cigarettes, 32.4 percent reported thinking that it is harmful to regularly vape an e-liquid containing nicotine. Similar differences were also seen among 10th graders (22.8 percent reported thinking it is harmful to use e-cigarettes regularly versus 31.3 percent who reported perceiving harm in regularly vaping a liquid that contains nicotine) and 12th graders (18.0 percent versus 27.7 percent).Use of traditional cigarettes remains at the lowest levels in the survey’s history. Significant five-year declines—by more than half for daily use and for use of one half pack or more per day—were reported by all grades. Daily cigarette use was reported by 0.8 percent of 8th graders, 1.8 percent of 10th graders, and 3.6 percent of 12th graders in 2018. Lifetime cigarette use among 12th graders decreased from 26.6 percent in 2017 to 23.8 percent in 2018, and past-month use declined from 9.7 percent to 7.6 percent.Use of other tobacco products, including hookah, smokeless tobacco, and little cigars or cigarillos remained low and declined among high school seniors. Among 12th graders, tobacco use with a hookah fell from a high of 22.9 percent in 2014 to 7.8 percent in 2018. Past-year use of little cigars or cigarillos declined in 12th graders from 2017 to 2018, and lifetime smokeless tobacco use shows a five-year decline in 10th and 12th graders.Synthetic DrugsPast-year use of synthetic cannabinoids (K2/Spice, sometimes called “fake weed” or “synthetic marijuana”) has dropped significantly in the past five years in all three grades. Since first assessed in 2011, past-year use among 12th graders has dropped from 11.4 percent to 3.5 percent. Past-year use has also fallen from 4.4 percent to 1.6 percent among 8th graders, and from 8.8 percent to 2.9 percent among 10th graders since first assessed in 2012. The MTF survey began tracking past-year synthetic cathinone use in 2012, and since then, there has been a decrease among 12th graders from 1.3 percent to 0.6 percent in 2018 (synthetic cathinones are commonly known as “bath salts”). Use among 8th and 10th graders has remained fairly low and flat.Learn MoreFor more information about the Monitoring the Future survey and results, please visit:the Monitoring the Future websitethe NIDA's Monitoring the Future webpageRemind your dad that you are more likely to be in a physical altercation at school than out with friends at the mall or a party.Key facts about physical fighting among youthIn 2017, about one in four high school students (24 percent) reported being in a physical fight in the past year, a continued decrease from the 1991 high of 43 percent.Male students are more likely to report being in a physical fight than their female peers, at 30 percent and 17 percent, respectively, in 2017.In 2017, non-Hispanic black students reported the highest rates of being in a physical fight, followed by their Hispanic and non-Hispanic white peers, at 33 percent, 26 percent, and 21 percent, respectively.Younger students report higher rates of being in a physical fight than their older peers, with 28 percent of ninth graders reporting being in a fight, compared with 26 percent of tenth graders, 20 percent of eleventh graders, and 18 percent of twelfth graders.Trends in physical fighting among youthThe share of students in grades 9 through 12 who had been in at least one physical fight in the past year declined from 43 percent in 1991 to 33 percent in 2001. The proportion then remained steady (32 to 36 percent) until 2011. Since then, there have been notable declines in this percentage, from 33 percent in 2011 to 24 percent in 2017 (Appendix 1).Differences by genderMale high school students report being in a physical fight at higher rates than their female peers. In 2017, 30 percent of males reported physical fighting, compared with 17 percent of females. This pattern is consistent across race, ethnicity, and grade level (Appendix 1).Differences by race and Hispanic originAmong male high school students in 2017, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic students reported lower rates of being in a physical fight than their non-Hispanic black peers (29 and 30 percent, respectively, versus 37 percent). Among females, non-Hispanic black students reported the highest rates of physical fighting (29 percent), followed by Hispanic students (21 percent) and non-Hispanic white students (14 percent) (Appendix 1).Differences by gradeThe prevalence of physical fighting generally decreases with age. Among females in 2017, ninth-grade students reported higher rates than tenth-grade students (23 and 18 percent, respectively), and tenth-grade students reported higher rates than their eleventh- and twelfth-grade peers (18, 15, and 12 percent, respectively). Among males, twelfth-grade students reported the lowest rates of physical fighting over the last year (24 percent), compared with 34 percent among ninth graders, 35 percent among tenth graders, and 26 percent among eleventh graders (Appendix 1).Other estimatesState and local estimates2015 estimates of fighting among high school students (Grades 9–12) are available for select states and cities from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) at http://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/.International estimatesEstimates of fighting among 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds in select countries can be found in the 2013/2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: World Health Organization. (2016). Growing Up Unequal: gender and socioeconomic difference in young people’s health and well-being. Health policy for children and adolescents, 7, 270. Copenhagen, Denmark: Author. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/303438/HSBC-No.7-Growing-up-unequal-Full-Report.pdf?ua=1.Data and appendicesData sourceU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). 1991–2017 High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey [Data tool]. Retrieved from http://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/.Raw data sourceYouth Risk Behavior Survey.https://nccd.cdc.gov/Youthonline/App/Default.aspxAppendixAppendix 1. Percentage of Students in Grades 9–12 Who Reported Being in a Physical Fight in the Past Year: Selected Years, 1991–2017BackgroundDefinitionPhysical fighting is defined as being in a physical fight one or more times in the year preceding this survey, according to students’ reports.In 2017, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming did not conduct a YRBS and thus were not included.Endnotes[1] Hispanic students may be of any race. Totals for white and black students in this report do not include Hispanic students.Suggested Citation:Child Trends Databank. (2018). Physical fighting by youth. Retrieved from https://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=physical-fighting-by-youthLast updated: August 2018CNN) — Here is a list of random incidents of elementary, middle and high school (excludes colleges and universities) violence with fatalities, over the last 40 years. This list does NOT include suicides, gang-related incidents, or deaths resulting from interpersonal conflicts.US Timeline (selected only):May 18, 2018 - Santa Fe High School - Santa Fe, Texas. Dimitrios Pagourtzis, 17, allegedly opens fire killing 10 and injuring 13. Pagourtzis is arrested and charged with capital murder and aggravated assault of a public servant.February 14, 2018 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School - Parkland, Florida. Former student, Nikolas Cruz, 19, allegedly opens fire with an AR-15 rifle, killing at least 17 people and injuring at least 14 others. According to law enforcement, the suspect activated a fire alarm to draw people outside to increase casualties. Cruz is arrested and charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder.January 23, 2018 - Marshall County High School - Benton, Kentucky. Gabriel R. Parker, 15, allegedly opens fire killing two and injuring 18 others. The suspect is arrested at the scene and later charged with two counts of murder and 14 counts of first degree assault.December 7, 2017 - Aztec High School - Aztec, New Mexico. William Atchison shoots and kills students Casey Jordan Marquez and Francisco Fernandez. Atchison, a former student at the high school, dies of what police believe to be a self-inflicted gunshot wound.September 13, 2017 - Freeman High School - Spokane, Washington. Caleb Sharpe, a sophomore at the school, allegedly opens fire killing one student and injuring three others. Sharpe is arrested and charged with premeditated murder, three counts of attempted first-degree murder and 51 counts of second-degree assault.April 10, 2017 - North Park Elementary School - San Bernardino, California. Jonathan Martinez, eight, and his teacher, Karen Smith, are killed when Cedric Anderson, Smith's estranged husband, walks into her special needs classroom and opens fire, armed with a large-caliber revolver. Two other students are wounded. Anderson then kills himself.September 28, 2016 - Townville Elementary School - Greenville, South Carolina. A 14-year-old male opens fire on the playground, wounding two children and a teacher. Jacob Hall, one of the wounded children, dies three days later. Before going to the school, the teen shot and killed his father. He is in custody.October 24, 2014 - Marysville-Pilchuck High School - Marysville, Washington. Freshman Jaylen Fryberg shoots five people in the school cafeteria, killing one. Fryberg dies of a self-inflicted gunshot wound at the scene. A second victim dies of her injuries two days later; a third dies on October 31. A fourth victim dies on November 7, bringing the total fatalities to five, including the gunman.June 10, 2014 - Reynolds High School - Troutdale, Oregon. Jared Padgett, 15, shoots and kills 14-year-old Emilio Hoffman in the school gym. He later takes his own life.December 13, 2013 - Arapahoe High School - Centennial, Colorado. Karl Pierson, 18, opens fire inside, critically injuring one student and then killing himself. 17-year-old Claire Davis dies on December 21, eight days after being shot.October 21, 2013 - Sparks Middle School - Sparks, Nevada. 12-year-old student Jose Reyes takes his parent's handgun to school and shoots three,injuring two 12-year-old male students and killing Mike Landsberry, a teacher and Marine veteran. He then kills himself.December 14, 2012 - Sandy Hook Elementary School - Newtown, Connecticut. Adam Lanza, 20, guns down 20 children, ages six and seven, and six adults, school staff and faculty, before turning the gun on himself. Investigating police later find Nancy Lanza, Adam's mother, dead from a gunshot wound. The final count is 28 dead, including the shooter.February 27, 2012 - Chardon High School - Chardon, Ohio. Student Daniel Parmertor, 16, is killed and four others wounded when student T.J. Lane, 17, opens fire in the school. On February 28, Demetrius Hewlin, 16, dies from his wounds and Russell King Jr., 17, is declared brain dead. In March 2013, Lane is sentenced to life in prison. On September 11, 2014, Lane escapes from prison. He is captured early the next morning.January 5, 2011 - Millard South High School, Omaha, Nebraska. 17-year-old Robert Butler Jr. opens fire on Principal Curtis Case and Vice Principal Vicki Kasper. Butler then kills himself about a mile from the school. Vice principal Kasper later dies at the hospital.February 5, 2010 - Discovery Middle School, Madison, Alabama. 14-year-old Todd Brown dies after being shot in the head in a school hallway. Fellow ninth-grader Hammad Memon later pleads guilty and is sentenced to 30 years in prison.October 16, 2009 - Carolina Forest High School, Conway, South Carolina. 16-year-old student Trevor Varinecz is shot and killed by a police officer after allegedly pulling a knife and stabbing the officer.September 23, 2009 - John Tyler High School, Tyler, Texas. A 16-year-old, Byron Truvia, is taken into custody for stabbing and killing high school teacher Todd R. Henry. Truvia is later found unfit to stand trial.September 15, 2009 - Coral Gables Senior High School, Coral Gables, Florida. 17-year-old Andy Jesus Rodriguez fatally stabs 17-year-old sophomore Juan Carlos Rivera during a fight. Rodriguez is later sentenced to 40 years in prison.August 21, 2008 - Central High School, Knoxville, Tennessee. 15-year-old Jamar Siler shoots and kills 15-year-old Ryan McDonald. In 2011, Siler receives 30 years in prison in a plea agreement.January 3, 2007 - Henry Foss High School, Tacoma, Washington. Student Douglas Chanthabouly, 18, fatally shoots another student, Samnang Kok, 17. Chanthabouly is sentenced in 2009 to more than 23 years in prison for second-degree murder.October 2, 2006 - Georgetown Amish School, Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania. 32-year-old Charles Roberts IV goes to a small Amish school and takes at least 11 girls hostage. Five girls were killed and six others wounded. Roberts then kills himself.September 29, 2006 - Weston High School, Cazenovia, Wisconsin. 15-year-old Eric Hainstock goes to school armed with a shotgun and a handgun. After a struggle with the school janitor, Hainstock shoots and kills the school principal. He is convicted of murder in August 2007 and sentenced to life in prison.September 27, 2006 - Platte Canyon High School, Bailey, Colorado. 54-year-old Duane Morrison takes six female students hostage. When SWAT teams enter the school, Morrison shoots 16-year-old Emily Keyes. Morrison then kills himself. Keyes later dies at the hospital.November 8, 2005 - Campbell County Comprehensive High School, Jacksboro, Tennessee. 15-year-old Kenneth Bartley Jr. opens fire on a principal and two assistant principals, killing one of them and critically wounding another, authorities said. In 2007, Bartley accepts a plea bargain, but his guilty plea is later vacated. In a retrial in February 2014, Bartley is found guilty of reckless homicide and not guilty of attempted first degree murder. He is sentenced to time served and released.March 21, 2005 - Red Lake High School, Red Lake, Minnesota. 16-year-old Jeff Weise kills his grandfather and another adult, five students, a teacher and a security officer. He then kills himself.February 3, 2004 - Southwood Middle School - Palmetto Bay, Florida. 14-year-old Michael Hernandez stabs to death 14-year-old Jaime Rodrigo Gough. In 2013, an appeals court tosses Hernandez's life sentence and remands the case for re-sentencing. In 2016, Hernandez is again sentenced to life in prison.September 24, 2003 - Rocori High School - Cold Spring, Minnesota. 15-year-old Jason McLaughlin shoots and kills 17-year-old Aaron Rollins and critically injures another student. The second student dies in October. In 2005, McLaughlin is sentenced to consecutive terms of life in prison for first-degree murder and 12 years for second-degree murder.April 24, 2003 - Red Lion Area Junior High School - Red Lion, Pennsylvania. 14-year-old James Sheets brings a revolver to school and kills his principal, Eugene Segro, and then himself.December 5, 2001 - Springfield High School - Springfield, Massachusetts. At a high school for troubled teens, 17-year-old Corey Ramos stabs to death Reverend Theodore Brown, a counselor at the school. In 2003, Ramos is sentenced to life in prison.March 5, 2001 - Santana High School - Santee, California. 15-year-old Charles "Andy" Williams kills two classmates, a 14-year-old and a 17-year-old, and injures 13. Williams is sentenced in 2002 to at least 50 years in prison.May 26, 2000 - Lake Worth Community Middle School - Lake Worth, Florida. 13-year-old Nathaniel Brazill, after being sent home for misbehaving, returns to school and shoots and kills his teacher Barry Grunow. Brazill is sentenced to 28 years in prison.February 29, 2000 - Buell Elementary School - Mount Morris Township, Michigan. An unnamed six-year-old boy shoots and kills a six-year-old playmate, Kayla Rolland, at school. He is removed from his mother's custody and put up for adoption.November 19, 1999 - Deming Middle School - Deming, New Mexico. 12-year-old Victor Cordova shoots and kills a 13-year-old classmate. He is sentenced to two years in juvenile detention.April 20, 1999 - Columbine High School - Littleton, Colorado. 18-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold kill 12 fellow students and one teacher before dying by suicide in the school library.May 21, 1998 - Thurston High School - Springfield, Oregon. After killing his parents the previous day, 15-year-old Kip Kinkel returns to Thurston High armed with a rifle. He kills two students in the school cafeteria, a 16 and a 17-year-old. He is sentenced to 112 years in prison.April 24, 1998 - James Parker Middle School - Edinboro, Pennsylvania. 14-year-old Andrew Wurst shoots and kills science teacher John Gillette at a school dance. He is sentenced to serve between 30 and 60 years.March 24, 1998 - Westside Middle School - Jonesboro, Arkansas. 11-year-old Andrew Golden and 13-year-old Mitchell Johnson ambush fellow students and their teachers, killing five. Johnson is incarcerated in a youth facility and released on his 21st birthday August 11, 2005. Golden is released on his 21st birthday, May 25, 2007.December 1, 1997 - Heath High School - West Paducah, Kentucky. 14-year-old Michael Carneal opens fire on a school prayer group, killing three girls, who were 14, 15, and 17. He is serving life in prison.October 1, 1997 - Pearl High School - Pearl, Mississippi. After killing his mother at home, 16-year-old Luke Woodham arrives at school and shoots two classmates. Woodham is serving three life sentences plus 140 years.February 19, 1997 - Bethel High School - Bethel, Alaska. 16-year-old Evan Ramsey uses a shotgun stolen from his foster home to kill a 15-year-old student and the school principal. He is currently serving a term of 210 years.September 25, 1996 - Dekalb Alternative School - Decatur, Georgia. 16-year-old David Dubose Jr. shoots and kills English teacher Horace Morgan on the steps of the school. Dubose is found not guilty by reason of insanity and is committed indefinitely to a state mental hospital.February 2, 1996 - Frontier Junior High School - Moses Lake, Washington. 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis takes a rifle to school and kills two classmates and a teacher. He is sentenced to life in prison.January 19, 1996 - Winston Education Center - Washington. Two masked gunmen kill 14-year-old Damion Blocker in a stairwell. 16-year-old shooter Darrick Evans is given a sentence of 41 years to life in prison.November 15, 1995 - Richland High School - Lynnville, Tennessee. 17-year-old Jamie Rouse kills a business teacher and a 16-year-old student. Rouse is serving a life sentence.October 12, 1995 - Blackville-Hilda High School - Blackville, South Carolina. 15-year-old Toby Sincino kills a teacher and then himself.November 7, 1994 - Wickliffe Middle School - Wickliffe, Ohio. 37-year-old drifter Keith Ledeger shoots and kills school custodian Peter Christopher and injures three others. Ledeger is sentenced to life in prison.April 12, 1994 - Margaret Leary Elementary School - Butte, Montana. 10-year-old James Osmanson, teased because his parents have AIDS, shoots and kills an 11-year-old on the school playground. Osmanson is sent to a private residential treatment center.February 1, 1994 - Valley View Junior High School - Simi Valley, California. 13-year-old Philip Hernandez stabs to death a 14-year-old student in a school hallway. Hernandez is sentenced to four years in a California Youth Authority prison.December 1, 1993 - Wauwatosa West High School - Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. 21-year-old former student Leonard McDowell returns to his high school and kills Associate Principal Dale Breitlow. He is sentenced to life in prison.May 24, 1993 - Upper Perkiomen High School - Pennsburg, Pennsylvania. 15-year-old student Jason Smith kills another student who had bullied him. He is sentenced to between 12 and 25 years in prison.April 15, 1993 - Ford Middle School - Acushnet, Massachusetts. 44-year-old David Taber invades a middle school and takes three hostages. He later shoots and kills school nurse Carol Day. He is found not guilty of the murder by reason of insanity.April 12, 1993 - Dartmouth High School - Dartmouth, Massachusetts. 16-year-old Jason Robinson is stabbed to death in his social studies class by three teenage attackers who invade the classroom.January 18, 1993 - East Carter High School - Grayson, Kentucky. 17-year-old student Scott Pennington shoots and kills a teacher and custodian. He is sentenced to life in prison.May 1, 1992 - Lindhurst High School - Olivehurst, California. 20-year-old dropout Eric Houston returns to his high school and kills a former teacher and three students. Houston is sentenced to death.February 26, 1992 - Thomas Jefferson High School - Brooklyn, New York. A 15-year-old shoots and kills two other students. The shooter, Kahlil Sumpter, is sentenced in 1993 to between 6 2/3 and 20 years in prison and is released in 1998.November 25, 1991 - Thomas Jefferson High School - Brooklyn, New York. A stray bullet kills a 16-year-old student during an argument between two other teens. Shooter Jason Bentley, 14, is sentenced in 1992 to three to nine years in prison.January 17, 1989 - Cleveland Elementary School - Stockton, California. 24-year-old drifter Patrick Purdy uses an AK-47 to kill five children on an elementary school playground. He then takes his own life.December 16, 1988 - Atlantic Shores Christian School - Virginia Beach, Virginia. 16-year-old Nicholas Elliot shoots and kills teacher Karen Farley. Elliott is sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole.September 26, 1988 - Oakland Elementary School - Greenwood, South Carolina. 19-year-old James Wilson, copying the Winnetka, Illinois murders, kills 8-year-olds Tequila Thomas and Shequila Bradley in their school cafeteria. Wilson's death sentence is overturned in January 2003.May 20, 1988 - Hubbard Woods Elementary School - Winnetka, Illinois. 30-year-old Laurie Dann invades an elementary school and kills an 8-year-old boy. She injures six other people before taking her own life.February 11, 1988 - Pinellas Park High School - Largo, Florida. Two 15-year-olds with stolen weapons, Jason McCoy and Jason Harless, shoot and kill Assistant Principal Richard Allen. McCoy serves two years in prison, and Harless serves eight.March 2, 1987 - Dekalb High School - Dekalb, Missouri. 12-year-old Nathan Faris, who was teased about being overweight, shoots 13-year-old Timothy Perrin and then takes his own life.December 4, 1986 - Fergus High School - Lewistown, Montana. 14-year-old Kristofer Hans shoots and kills substitute teacher Henrietta Smith. He is sentenced to 206 years in prison in 1988.May 16, 1986 - Cokeville Elementary School - Cokeville, Wyoming. A couple in their 40s, David and Doris Young, take over an elementary school with a bomb and hold 150 children and adults hostage, demanding $300 million in ransom. The bomb accidentally detonates, setting the school on fire. Investigators later determine that during the fire David Young shot his wife and then killed himself. 74 people were injured in the fire.January 21, 1985 - Goddard Junior High School - Goddard, Kansas. 14-year-old James Kearbey shoots and kills Principal Jim McGee. Kearbey spends seven years in juvenile detention and is released at the age of 21. On October 31, 2001, Kearbey is involved in a six-hour standoff with Wichita, Kansas, police. No injuries resulted and Kearbey is later acquitted of aggravated assault on a police officer.February 24, 1984 - 49th Street School - Los Angeles. Sniper Tyrone Mitchell shoots at children on an elementary school playground, killing one and injuring 11. He later takes his own life.January 20, 1983 - Parkway South Junior High - St. Louis. An unnamed 14-year-old shoots and kills another student before turning the gun on himself.March 19, 1982 - Valley High School - Las Vegas. 17-year-old Pat Lizotte shoots and kills psychology teacher Clarence Piggott during class. Lizotte is sentenced to life in prison.January 29, 1979 - Grover Cleveland Elementary - San Diego. 16-year-old Brenda Spencer opens fire on a school across from her home, killing the principal and janitor.May 18, 1978 - Murchison Junior High School - Austin, Texas. 13-year-old John Christian shoots and kills his English teacher Wilbur Grayson, during class. The shooter is the son of George Christian, press secretary to President Lyndon Johnson from 1967 to 1969. After time in a psychiatric hospital, Christian attends high school in the Dallas area.February 22, 1978 - Everett High School - Lansing, Michigan. 15-year-old Roger Needham kills another student who had bullied him. After four years in juvenile detention, Needham is released. He later earns a Ph.D in math and works as a professor in Missouri and New York.

Not at all.India did not initially support Tibet as it should have because the Nehru’s Neta Babucracy was unaware that Tibet was an Indian protectorate and that India was running the Tibetan Postal Service when Mao militarily occupied Tibet.At that time, Nehru and his cronies were preoccupied with rigging the redistribution of wealth within India to downtrod the uptrodden so as to emerge a Nouveau Kleptocracy to replace the vacating British Masters, the Princes and anybody identified as the Old Order by PANGOLIN* Mythology.It was only later that , when presented with the Chinese fait accompli, that Nehru assisted the person of the Dalai Lama (not Tibet).The 1962 war was a result of Mao’s ambitions and delusions of taking India piece by piece. A delusion which is integral to Chinese State Policy till today.I have written copiously, in great detail and frequently on this matter in Quora.For example:Suchindranath Aiyer's answer to What was the bilateral diplomatic foreign relations of Tibet and the Kingdom of Sikkim?Suchindranath Aiyer's answer to Should India trust Chinese words or watch their action rather carefully as far as the border dispute is concerned?Please go through all my previous answers on Quora to get a grasp of Economics, Central and Commercial Banking, Politics, Constitution, Law, Society, Culture, Technology, Defense, Education, Medicine, Science, Stock Exchange, Business, Agriculture, Geo Politics, History and Religion, before asking questions which I have answered ad nauseam.Thank you.From my archives:Christianity looked the other way when China massacred and pervertedBudhism in Tibet. Now that Sunni Petro Dollars are offended by anonslaught on Islam, they have woken up. Ask not for whom the bell tolls:“YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU'RE SAYING: The Relevant Nasty C-Word here is not "Christianity", but CIA!(1) "The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Tibetan program was a nearly two decades long covert operation consisting of 'political action, propaganda, paramilitary and intelligence operations' based on U.S. Government arrangements made with brothers of the Dalai Lama ... The goal of the program was 'to keep the political concept of an autonomous Tibet alive within Tibet and among several foreign nations'. ... The program ended after President Nixon visited China to establish closer relations in 1972. The Dalai Lama criticized this decision, saying it proved wholeheartedly that the US never did it to help the people of Tibet."(2) "By the late 1940s ... British political influence waned and ... European companies gradually lost some of their market share to intrusions by the large U.S.-based oil firms. In 1947, Exxon, Mobil , Texaco and Chevron (then Socal) formed ARAMCO, the ArabianAmerican Company which obtained preferential access to Saudi Arabian oil. Six years later, the CIA backed a successful coup against the government of Prime Minister Mossaddeq, who attempted to nationalize Iranian oil, and consequently the monopoly of British Petroleum was lost. Iranian oil was officially nationalized but, in effect, control was effectively divided among the 5 American majors (whose new stake amounted to 40 per cent), Royal Dutch/Shell (14 per cent), the French CFS (6 per cent) and British Petroleum (40 per cent). ... The most important representatives of the Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition that found their way into the Reagan Administration were several veterans of the privately-owned company Bechtel, the world's largest construction and engineering concern ... [including William J.] Casey (the CIA Director) ... As the world's largest constructor of military installations and energy-related projects, Bechtel is the ideal embodiment of the Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition."Source: (1) Wikipedia, "CIA Tibetan program". (2) Robin Rowley, Shimshon Bichler and Jonathan Nitzan "The Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition", McGill University Department of Economics Working Paper 10/1989”You have stated facts that I am aware of and do not dispute.. But this does not detract from my assertions.The fact is that the US, inherited the British baton and was always hostile to India and closer to the Christians' "brothers of the book" the Moslems. Even today. while the Pope has the Quran read in the Vatican, the Christians and Moslems are in cahoots in India and Islamic attacks on Churches are blamed on the indigenous religions of India dismissed as a lumpen called :Hindu".Right after CENTO the US took over a sthe backer of Sunni Islam. Nixon, Kissinger and Bush formed the US-NATO Sunni Arab Axis with Petro Dollars. It was Pakistan that brokered the entente cordiale between China and the US and received the "Islamic Bomb" from the US via apartheid South Africa and Holland.But, to the point, It was the US that prevailed on Nehru to not mobilize the Indian Air Force in the 1962 war which led to India's debacle and it was the US and UK which looked the other way as China over ran Tibet with a Gandhian and pusillanimous Nehru looking for any excuse to avoid a show down.US and European foreign policy remains Catholic and Anglican Christians first and always first, Sunni Moslems second and always second, Orthodox Christians and Jews next, Shia Moslems thereafter, Socialist Seculars and all the "pagans" last and always last. Consider ,US-NATO policy towards Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, India etc.In the final analysis, like good terrorist and bad terrorist, when the US-NATO (hitherto Christian) Nations play good religion and bad religion, they get hit too. And they are getting hit. Very badly, By their former beloved “Brethren of the Book” as well as the the Communist Atehists.USCIRF report: China, two dozen other countries top religious freedom offenders listJust like Sgr Khilafart Gandhi MBE commanded “Hindoos” to submit to Msoelm rape, plunder, massacre and vandalism in the hope that the wolves would be sated and cloyed and so retreat into their dens, Bandit Jabberlal Neckscrew believed that China would be preoccupied with raping, looting and plundering Tibet and so leave India alone to get on with his day dreams.Both of them were woefully lacking in experience of the real world, and (1) the laws of economics which state that Money, Land and Wealth are not subject to the laws of Diminshing Marginal Utility or (2) the laws of islam captured in the Quran and the Hadiths which makes it incumbent on ALL Moslems to enforce the Sharia on the rubble of civilization throughout the planet.Suchindranath Aiyer's answer to Why India remain silent when China captured Tibet?“Tibet: The Younghusband (Curzon) campaign:A deft insight into the British culture in which Bandit Jabberlal Neckscrew was raised with a "Gentleman's Pass" at Harrow and Cambridge which he then applied with devotion to the dismemberment and reduction of India. The betrayal of the Armed Forces by the Neta-Babus in the Indian Rapebublic and the Anti National Constitution (in collaboration with Ambedkar) are his lasting contributions to the destruction of India"Pleasant surprises at my favourite second-hand book shop are not unusual. Which is why it is my favourite bookshop. But even so, sometimes one comes across something so utterly unexpected that one is left a little incredulous, and at the end profoundly thankful.This afternoon I saw something which at first I was inclined to ignore. After all, where the Younghusband Mission to Tibet was concerned I had all the well known authoritative works on the subject, starting with Peter Fleming’s classic “Bayonets to Lhasa”. As something of an obsessive on the subject I had acquired virtually every subsequent book, both on the Mission and the man. One more - as I viewed the spine in the shop - was hardly likely to add anything substantial to what I already knew.I pulled the book out nevertheless, and here I had the first intimation of something different. The format was coffee-table, landscape size (oblong). What I read on the inner flap removed any lingering uncertainty about my picking it up. The book, published in 2005, called “Younghusband: Troubled Campaign” was written by a Major-General (Retd.) Shubhi Sood, and the work was the result of a chance discovery. When the general was commanding his battalion (1/8 Gurkhas, no doubt as a colonel or lieut.-col.), he happened to find among the battalion’s records a complete photo album of the Younghusband Mission belonging to a British officer who had served with the Mission on duty with the selfsame battalion. Unfortunately, this officer is not named anywhere (unless it’s the Lieutenant Grant of the 8th Gurkhas whose gallant actions find mention in the battalion reports in the magnificent appendices) .The find was incredible, to say the very least, and the battalion commander (later General Sood)’s interest was piqued enough for him to decide to research and write about the Mission, which he, happily for us, did. The cause for joy is doubled because any other battalion commander would at best have marvelled at the extraordinary photo album, left it back among the battalion / regimental records and forgotten about it. Not so General Sood, who evidently had an anterior interest in the subject: only this explains his taking the matter further.But the book sets itself apart from all the others on the subject on two counts. First, unlike those, this is a MILITARY account of the Tibet campaign; and second - by far the most precious part of the book - the entire found photo album is reproduced. When I saw the photos - taken in 1903-04, with a camera and films more than a hundred years in the past - I was, quite simply, robbed of all speech. The black-and-white photography is stunning, the large fold-out panoramas breathtaking. This was Tibet in all its early 20th century starkness. My tears - the kind that brim in the presence of beauty that passes all understanding - were only tempered by the puzzling question: why did the anonymous officer leave the precious album behind? But that was swiftly followed by gratitude for the bequest - for such I viewed it.The photos alone would have made the purchase of the book worthwhile, but General Sood’s text is felicitous too. Evidently he has been weaned on all the authorities on the subject - again starting with Fleming, whom he quotes frequently. And refreshingly, he takes a soldier’s view as opposed to the accepted political / diplomatic (and indeed, sickeningly politically correct) one.The Mission itself was betrayed by its political masters in Whitehall. All its gains - especially the diplomatic and strategic gains - were repudiated, and Younghusband its leader was censured. Since Curzon - whose brainchild the Mission was - couldn’t be got at by his enemies, his protégé paid the price. But there was pusillanimity too, a government’s inordinate sensitivity to and fear of Russian sensibilities. What would the Russians say if we suddenly occupied the Chumbi Valley, especially in terms of an agreed bilateral treaty? More so after all our protestations to them that we had no interest in Tibet? It wasn’t worth annoying the Russians: better to drop this hot potato, and pretend that it never happened.How short-sighted that view was, and ill-advised the government’s actions the subsequent history of Tibet has amply and tragically shown. With the British safely out of the way the Chinese moved in, in their own time.General Sood’s regret at the opportunity so carelessly lost, the gains so criminally thrown away in 1904 is transparent. And one shares that regret, for had the government in Whitehall brazened it out and stood behind Younghusband and his actions - as Queen Elizabeth I did with all her pirate boys four hundred years before (Younghusband, though not quite in the Drake or Raleigh mold was nevertheless an extraordinary soldier-adventurer) - the 20th century history of Tibet, of China, and indeed of India would have been vastly, unrecognisably different.This was a classic instance of soldiers being betrayed by political masters. Sadly, this was to be a pattern set for the next seventy years, when every military victory by independent India was squandered away and nullified at the diplomatic table to the adversary's advantage, beginning with Nehru’s Kashmir blunder.General Sood’s book is a splendid, luxurious addition to my Younghusband collection. I have seldom been more happy with a book find."(James Joyce)