Eagle Lake Is Back: Fill & Download for Free

Here’s everything you need to know: http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2008/04/21/basics-how-can-chromosome-numb/To sum up: it’s the genes that are important, not what chromosomes they’re arranged in. An individual that has one chromosome split in two will still be able to produce gametes (eggs or sperm). The whole and split chromosomes line up by each other properly for meiosis, but then it’s up to chance whether the two half-chromosomes get pulled into the same gamete. If they don’t, then that gamete will likely be a dud. So the overall fertility of such individuals will decrease. But sometimes the two half-chromosomes do get pulled into the same gamete, so successful reproduction is still possible.If the split chromosome becomes more common in the population (due to chance) then an individual with 2 half-chromosomes might mate with another such individual. When that happens they can produce individuals with two sets of split chromosomes. When those individuals produce gametes the chromosomes line up by each other and segregate normally, so their fertility goes back up. This would be an incentive for individuals with n pairs to mate with similar inviduals, and those with n-1 or n+1 pairs to mate with similar individuals. That in turn could lead to speciation under the right circumstances.I’ll add to Dr. Myers discussion by pointing out that Eagle Lake rainbow trout are a subspecies of rainbow trout with 58 chromosomes, whereas most rainbow trout have 60 (Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum at bottom). They’re a subspecies rather than a separate species because they can still interbreed with other rainbow trout, despite the different chromosome numbers. More info on Eagle Lake rainbow trout here, but it’s a pdf that automatically downloads: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjm58XRhbTTAhXoq1QKHaCBB0UQFggiMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnrm.dfg.ca.gov%2FFileHandler.ashx%3FDocumentID%3D104290&usg=AFQjCNEH_JB4Gx_o0palzLt1F1Y_NH4pWA

I belong to Gilgit Baltistan most famous valley Hunza (Gojal - A small region within Hunza). There are many Villages in between and I belong to Sost, The Images in the last section. For more and best representation I would simple like to share this article.Gojal: Where Pakistan beginsSYED MEHDI BUKHARIIt’s the second week of November. There is a tremendous silence around me; snowflakes fall gently from the sky. The day is so white — there’s no color in sight save for my red jeep and gray jacket, all other colors have become invisible under the thick snow.There is neither a military check post, nor any signs of civilian settlement here. This is the Pak-China border, and I am standing at the Khunjerab Pass, with my face towards Pakistan’s brother, China.The writer at Khunjerab Pass, Pakistan.The Pakistani segment of the Karakoram Highway, which is also dubbed as the eight wonder of the world, ends here. From here, this highway goes through the bluish waters of the Karakul Lake, settlements of nomads, and through the areas harbouring wild mountainous camels with two humps, and finally ends at Kashgar.From here, a road leads to Yarkand, and another leads to the Taklamakan Desert, which is the world’s second largest desert, with shifting sand dunes.The border is protected with barbed wires. As I stand, a flock of sheep appears in sight, moving aimlessly, and then entering the Chinese territory for grazing. The sheep stop by the grass, covered with tiny snowballs, sniff it, and move ahead instantly as if expressing dislike. There is no herdsman with the flock, which is usual in the northern areas. The birds and animals have no borders, but I have to return from this point.My next destination is Attabad Lake in Hunza.Among the blackish and forsaken mountains of Karakoram, there is this lake, which came into being purely by chance, it is one of Pakistan’s biggest fresh water reservoirs. This 22-kilometer long and 220-feet deep lake is filled with the blue waters of River Hunza, when a landslide in 2010 blocked its flow, creating a landslide dam. Strong winds in this narrow mountain pass create ripples in the blue-green water of the lake.With the creation of this lake, more than 18 kilometers of the Karakoram Highway has been submerged, lost somewhere in the depths, suspending transportation by road. Now, the only option is to cross the lake, reach the Hussaini Village, and get on the Karakoram Highway again.The lake is terrifying. Not only did it drown several villages and people, but it has also affected trade with China. Now, the lake has its own ‘traffic’, boats, big and small, which transport humans, vehicles, and goods from here to there. The sailors are happy with the money oozing out of their pockets. The disaster has proven to be a tragedy for some, and a blessing for others.Hunza River, Gojal.Attabad Lake Crossing.As the boat is fully loaded, the sailor lifts the anchor. You couldn’t hear the person next to you in the terrible noise of engine, so everyone is involved in himself. The journey is 45 minutes long. As the boat makes a sharp turn, I see Passu Cones, a series of mountains pointed as nails.Strong winds rock the boat, my heart easily skips a couple of beats. The sailor observing my face, smiles. I look past him at the Passu Cones, just to not feel the fear, I tell myself. The boat finally reaches the bank, and everyone gets off. The sailors are mostly Pakhtuns, who have come here to earn a living. I had a brief exchange with the sailor. He happened to have sailed in the Kabul River once, now the Attabad Lake is his second home.I have reached the Hussaini Village. In the bright sunlight, the Passu Cones are bathed in gold.Gulmit Village and Passu Cones.Gulmit Village.Gulmit Village and Passu Cones.Passu.This entire area is called Upper Hunza or Gojal. The Gojal Valley borders China and Afghanistan, with its border meeting the Chinese border at Khunjerab — 15,397 feet above sea level — and remains covered with snow all year long.In the north west, there is Chiporsun, whose border touches the Wakhan region of Afghanistan. Wakhan is about six square miles in area, after which starts Tajikistan. The Karakoram Highway which connects Pakistan to China also passes through Gojal Valley and enters China at Khunjerab.Karakoram Highway in Gojal.KKH and Passu Cones.Before 1974, Gojal was part of the Hunza State, and was governed by the Mir of Hunza.Gojal enjoyed tremendous importance owing to its strategic and agricultural value. The Gulmit Vvillage of Gojal was the summer capital of Hunza, where the Mir of Hunza used to hold his court and deliberations were made on a range of issues. Local music and dance programs would also be organised here, and Polo would be played in the vast rectangular ground in front of the palace.Mir Muhammad Ghazan Khan, the Mir of Hunza announced an affiliation with Pakistan, but it enjoyed autonomy as a separate state till 1974. In Z. A Bhutto’s tenure, the political reforms brought the so-called fall of Hunza’s princely state. Since then, Gojal is identified as a Tehsil in the subdivision Hunza of Gilgit-Baltistan. Locally, it is also known as Upper Hunza, but in official documents, it is named Gojal.Gojal, Upper Hunza.Passu Cones.As I exit the Hussaini Village, I see children crowding the road. Golden hair, blue eyes, and faces so red they could outshine apricots! Riding along the river, I reach Gulmit, Gojal’s most populated village.It is autumn, and it feels as if the entire village is asleep in the cool afternoon. The blowing wind frees the leaves from trees, and this is the only sound I can hear.The Passu Cones were in sight constantly. The fields have been harvested, and the farmers are resting in their homes. I pass by a few elderly women, wearing traditional caps, followed by naughty little children. In return to my salutations, I receive countless prayers. When my jeep moved forward, I could see the children waving in my rear view mirror.A child at Hussaini.A child at Hussaini.A child at Hussaini.A child at Hussaini.Just one kilometer ahead, the Borith Lake appears. There is an old hotel at the bank of the lake, the taste of its food still fresh in my memory. The bank had tall grass; in the backdrop, there stand snow-covered mountains, and their reflection would cast a spectacular white in the murky water. Four waterhens lazily float on surface.The lake is coloured black, and I feel joyous at the sight of these swamp chickens. But as Mustansar Hussain Tarar says, “What do four waterhens have to do with happiness?”. Happiness comes from somewhere inside. At some point in the past, the lake was home to waterlife and migrating birds, but now the level is reducing and the lake is gradually drying up.The gang of waterhens flies and vanishes somewhere far away in the mountains. Happiness has nothing to do with them, but I sense my own fled with them. An elderly man came out of the hotel, welcomed me, and said: “Terrorism has badly affected tourism. Not many people visit such faraway lands now. Once in a blue moon there’s a random traveler, who becomes the source of my bread. You must click some nice photographs and show them to the world so that tourism once again gains momentum. Come, I will feed you some great meals.” His sweet bribe made me teary as I smiled at him in response.A Danish girl approaches me and we start conversing — she is a doctorate student who is doing a thesis on climate changes in the Karakoram Mountain Rrange. She told me that she liked the lake so much, that she had been staying here at the Borith Lake for the past three months.Then she asked me if I had ever seen the lake on a full moon night. I responded negatively. She insisted, “you won’t that photograph anywhere else.”My driver and I eat, while she talks. When I am finally about to leave, she says, “Your country is beautiful, do go to the Batura Glacier if you happen to visit the Passu Village, I have seen swans gathering on the white snow of the glacier.”The Glacial Lake of Batura Glacier Passu.Borath Lake.Borath Lake.Borath Lake.Borath Lake.My driver is astounded by her revelation and tells me. “Sahib, I’ve been living in this area since forever. I have never seen swans on glacier.”I said, “She must be a passionate nature lover, and such lovers can see even pigeons on glaciers, I too have seen fireflies on the River Chenab”. My driver smiles at my response, and we arrive at Passu.Darkness is enveloping the valley as our jeep enters the Passu Village. I check-in at a hotel and rest for a while. Then, I go out in the dark to countless stars shining in the sky like jewels. Outside, people have decorated their homes and worship places.Men, women, children, elders, all walk towards the Jamat Khana for the birth anniversary of their religious leader. The night was cold but the people were out in the streets in high spirits. The sky was decorated with stars, and the homes with lamps.I see the full moon, intricately placed at the tip of a mountain. I am suddenly reminded of the Danish girl, and her description of the full moon at the Borith Lake.In the morning, I witness the same joy and fervour as last night. It was just like Eid ul Fitr. Faces filled with happiness, toys in hands, prayers on lips. This autumnal morning of Passu seemed even more beautiful.My camera is in my bag. I have always felt that one should always avoid taking pictures during local festivals, especially when they are of religious nature. You are a stranger among them, why give them an excuse to object?A Chinese girl On the Khunjerab Pass.A face from Passu.Autumn at Khunjerab.Autumn and the Karakoram Peaks.I had to leave this beautiful place, even though I really didn't want to. When you are travelling towards Sost from Passu, a jeep road turns to Shimshal. This is a vast area and its borders touch both China and Baltistan.Pamir is also in the Shimshal Valley. Due to its hard terrain, it was disconnected from rest of the world until a jeep road was built here. The locals have given many sacrifices for the construction of this road.Shimshal is famous for producing the country's finest mountaineers, including Samina Baig, who is the first Pakistani woman to have climbed Mount Everest. Shimshal’s Rajab Shah and Meherban Shah have scaled Pakistan’s highest summit. Experienced mountaineers in Pakistan mostly hail from Shimshal.Hussaini Village.Hussaini Village.Hussaini Village.Sost, the last town of Pakistan, is filled with motor workshops. There is no other settlement on the Karakoram Highway when you leave Sost for China. After Sost, there is the Khunjerab Pass at 15,397 feet above sea level, where China and Pakistan’s border is located. Apart from Pakistan Customs office, there’s a dry port in Sost, where goods to and from China are stored.A large number of traders and labourers from different areas of Pakistan dwell here, which has given rise to economic activities more than other places in the region. After Sost, a jeep road turns to the Chiporsun Valley. It’s northwestern part is connected to Afghanistan’s Wakhan area through the Irshad Pass.Ahead of Sost is Khunjerab, which is the last Pakistani territory. The name actually is combination of two words Khun (blood), and Yeraf (glacial stream), and literally translates to 'Stream of Blood'.It is said that an ancient psychic had once prophesied that a battle would be fought here, and that the bloodshed would be so great that the horse riders’ feet would be dripping with blood. Thus, the area is named so. This region is home to several rare species, including snow leopards, bears, and the golden eagle.In the jungle between Passu and Sost.The water stream near Sost.At Khunjerab, the snowfall is constant, enveloping streams, springs, roads, mountains, everything. I raise my head to look at the sky, soon my eyelashes are covered with snow. As I wipe my eyes, my driver states: “Sahib, Pakistan ends here, let’s go back home.”He turns our jeep around, and I say to him: “Sharif, Pakistan doesn’t end, it begins here.” On my right hand, there is a sign which reads “Welcome to Pakistan.”Khunjerab Border Crossing.Credits:The original Article has been posted at Gojal: Where Pakistan begins and they have all the copyrights.About the Author:Syed Mehdi Bukhari is a Network Engineer by profession, and a traveler, poet, photographer and writer by passion.He can be reached on Facebook. S.M.Bukhari's Photography

Illinois attracts many fishermen as a recreational sport with its many tournaments. One of the best states to fish in the midwest, the Illinois fishery management has created many breeding reservoirs for recreational use.Fishing in Illinois can be fun for anglers because their natural lakes have lots of large catfish and largemouth bass. You’ll find a diverse variety of fish, just like you will in other states like Connecticut or North Carolina.If you are planning a fishing trip to Illinois, the many options may overwhelm you. But, fear not because here is a list of the top nine locations for a great fishing excursion. Keep reading so you can choose your favorite.Contents: >>>1. Mississippi River2. Lake Michigan3. Heidecke Lake4. Lake Springfield5. Crab Orchard Lake6. Devils Kitchen Lake7. Rend Lake8. Evergreen Lake9. Sand Pond1. MISSISSIPPI RIVERThe Mississippi River spreads across most of the United States, from Lake Itasca in Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mighty Mississippi River is as long as it is muddy. But this river rewards anglers with some of the best trophy catches. While fishing in Illinois, you can test your mettle by landing a jumbo catfish.All it takes is the right bait. During the day, you can scavenge for hidden caves for catfish and then return at night to catch them when they feed. Here what you can catch in these muddy waters:WalleyeCatfishBassSaugerBluegillNorthern PikeCrappiePerch2. LAKE MICHIGANLake Michigan is one of the top places to fish in the entire state of Illinois. It’s near Chicago, making it a great location for tourists with families, and giving you plenty to do if you should decide to explore other outdoor activities besides fishing.Reelers of all levels of experience can enjoy boating on the lake. They do have a maximum speed limit of 55MPH on the lake, which shouldn’t be a problem for most anglers, unless you decide to do some speedboating in between your fishing expedition. There are also “slow” areas where you need to watch your speed and your wake. It’s also a great place for kayaking and overall exploring some of the more beautiful scenery in the Chicago area. You can also go Ice fishing on Lake Michigan, depending on the time of year. Make sure you bring your favorite Auger.Here are some of the types of fish you can expect to catch out on Lake Michigan, depending on where you end up (it’s a big lake).SalmonWhitefishSMeltLake and/or Brown TroutWalleyeSteelhead3. HEIDECKE LAKEHeidecke Lake is a former cooling lake for the Collins Station Power Plant that has been out of service for more than 10 years. They have some rules to follow to fish this lake, so be sure to review them before you go. The lake is unique in structure because it has a perched part for better cooling, but it can be risky when it is windy.The lake also varies in depth, so it is advisable to use a fish finder to locate schools of fish. There is not much vegetation there, but there is also less timber in the water. It’s a great place to find a wide variety of fish, so you’ll want to have a variety of gear that’s equipped to handle just about any type of fish.It now holds the title of an ambient lake that provides a wide variety of fish including:Smallmouth, striped, largemouth or yellow bassWalleyemuskellungeHybrid striped bassChannel catfishNorthern PikeCrappieBluegillPumpkinseedBullhead4. LAKE SPRINGFIELDWhen fishing in Illinois, you may want to visit Lake Springfield, beautiful parkland with abundant wildlife. Woods and bluffs surround the shoreline. Anglers in the area can encounter wildlife like deer, turkey, and even eagles in the winter season. Amenities include the nature park, picnic shelters and a boathouse you can rent for special occasions that offer a view of the lake.Anglers can rent a kayak or canoe to go out on the lake. The warm water from the plant affects only one-fourth of the lake where schools of bass search for plankton. Anglers can hook a variety of fish including:BluegillThe Common CarpChannel catfishSheepsheadLargemouth or yellow bassSaugerSuckers or golden redhorse suckersTiger muskieWalleye (Gravel Lizards, Walters, Rock Melons)White crappieYellow bullheadGreen or longear sunfish5. CRAB ORCHARD LAKECrab Orchard Lake is an artificial lake they constructed for flood prevention and recreational purposes. It is a 7,000-acre paradise for water skiers, swimmers, campers and fishermen. They also allow all manners of water transportation without restrictions. Lotus planting and introducing largemouth bass every year has stabilized the population.The creel limit for largemouth bass is three per day and they must be larger than 16 inches. Spinnerbaits and artificial lures produce the best results for largemouth bass. You may hook any of these fish species in Crab Orchard Lake:Channel catfishCrappieWhite and largemouth bassBluegill6. DEVILS KITCHEN LAKEBY U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE HEADQUARTERS [CC BY 2.0], VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONSDevils Kitchen Lake features a large amount of largemouth bass spreading over 810 acres. With steep slopes and sandstone valleys, the deep Devils Kitchen Lake is a sight to behold. Clear waters and submerged timber make the ideal habitat for fishing. But there is a 10 horsepower limit on outboard motors.The southeast part of the lake is accessible only to boats with electric motors or by pedaling. The lake has standard site regulations on fishing, including what types of watercraft you can use. The regulations and constant efforts of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources are contributing to the healthy numbers of fish in Devils Kitchen Lake. Here’s what you’ll find on the end of your line:Rainbow troutBluegillRedear sunfishLargemouth bassYellow perchCarpie7. REND LAKEBY BRADLEY W. FURLOW [CC BY-SA 4.0], FROM WIKIMEDIA COMMONSWhen most people think about fishing in Illinois, they think of Rend Lake, a reservoir with a longshore close to Benton, Illinois. The depth of this lake varies from 10 to 35 feet, which is enough for fisherman to explore. You can also get a guide or an eight-hour boat trip with supplies like water, bait and tackle. There is a golf course at Rend Lake, too, making it a versatile place for fishing in Illinois.The park also offers camping sites, museum tours, hiking and cycling. There are lots of largemouth bass, but you can only take those larger than the 14-inch minimum length. Angler can expect to find one of these fish species in Rend Lake:Largemouth or white bassCrappieBluegillChannel, blue or flathead catfishCarp8. EVERGREEN LAKEEvergreen Lake is a man-made pond they built back in 1970. It still attracts people who love fishing in Illinois with its many eye-pleasing areas and lots of trees. Whether you are a professional reeler in a rowboat or a landlubber on the shore, you’ll see plenty of fish.You can rent a paddle or rowboat for a fair price. But the best part is this lake allows fishing without a license from any state. You can snag these fish at Evergreen Lake:Rainbow troutMuskieSaugeyeWhite or black crappie9. SAND PONDSand Pond may only be a small pond, but it offers a relaxation on its sandy shores. You can fish with choirs of western chorus and leopard frogs in the background. In the summer, the marsh-like pond is full of dragonflies and places for catfish to hide. This location is for landlubbers of all skills.In the spring the trout almost jump on your hook. But there is a creel limit of one largemouth bass a day. You may even encounter waterfowl or Canadian geese, but stay away because they are protective of their young. They don’t allow boats or wading in Sand Pond. Landlubbers can cast their lines and catch these fish:BluegillChannel catfishLargemouth bassRainbow troutWith the sheer amount of game Illinois has to offer, there is no question they will see more anglers in future years. Be it the grand Mississippi, or some other inland river or lake, there is a spot for everyone. No matter if you are an experienced angler or a novice, you’ll find a challenge fishing in Illinois.