Hour Date Chemistry Electron Configurations: Fill & Download for Free

Few things I found when I was young:Discovered Aufbau principle and wrote the electron configuration for elements up to the Atomic number 200 and placed them on the periodic table.Image Source: Periodic tableWhen I was 11–14 years old, I was so fascinated by Chemistry, that I actually remembered the entire periodic table! (Now, I remember it partially because of lack of usage).Anyways, just by looking at the table and writing down the electron configuration and on observing how the electrons were placed in different sub-orbitals, I realized a pattern coming out. This excited me and in a state of excitement, sat down seriously and wrote down the electronic configuration of elements from Atomic number 1 to 2oo based on my understanding. Later, I cross-checked the results with what was available from books and I got them correct (almost) head on! I say almost because the configuration of d block and f block elements slightly alter than the theoretical configuration because the different d sub-orbitals and f sub-orbitals are kind of “Easy” for electrons to jump across and hence the actual configuration might slightly vary.Turns out, the pattern I found was dictated by Aufbau principle and the pattern to fill the electrons is given below:Turns out, to fill upto 200 elements, (although not present, but theoretically if present,) you need more sub orbitals and I created new sub orbitals to place them. It turned out to be so correct.Eight queens puzzleWhen I was 13 years old, we had a chess competition in our school. We all brought our chessboard and were practising for a while in one of the free periods.Suddenly, some of us were discussing a challenge: place 8 pawns without interfering with each other. This was easy. Turns out you can place 32 pawns at the maximum without interfering with each other. Later, the challenge was to place 8 or more bishops on the board without interfering with each other - it was easy too! You can place 14 of them. Then, inspired by this, we went on to place only 8 rooks without interfering and we realized, no matter what the configuration is, you can place only 8 rooks on the chess board.As a final challenge, we started to place 8 or more queens on the chess board without interference. Realizing from the 8 rooks experiment, we knew that placing more than 8 queens was not possible. This is called as the Eight queens puzzle.All of us were struggling for several hours to find a configuration. Placing up to 6 queens was pretty easy. Some managed to keep 7 queens but the 8th queen was difficult.Out of persistence and some sheer luck, I managed to keep 8 queens on the board. Apparently, I was the only one to find crack the problem. My configuration was this:Image Source: Eight Queens Solution CheckerThis was one original solution to the problem.Looking at the wikipedia article on Eight queens puzzle, I realized that my solution was one of the 12 original solutions to the problem. And, I managed to find the first solution. After getting the first solution, I managed to get one more solution through reflection and few more by splitting the board into 4 quarters and shuffling them.Later, I managed to find 4 more unique solutions. Looking at the same article, my other solutions are somewhat rotations and reflections of a few of the original solutions posted there.Knight's tourAs a continuation of the above experiment, we had another challenge: Place a knight on one of the chess board squares and move from one square to the other, placing the knight only once in each square and cover the board. This is called as the Knight's tour.This started out easy but later became tedious and exhausting. Some of us were able to move as much as 40–50 squares without any issue. Me and my friend separately managed to cover 60 squares once! Later, I managed to complete the tour properly.My solution (which I don’t remember now) was similar to the “Open tour” solutions below. What I mean by “Open tour” solution is that the knight starts from one square and finishes in another square.Image source: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/KnightGraph.htmlTurns out, there is a “Closed tour” solution too, wherein the starting and ending squares are the same like this one below.Image source: Knight's tourAnd just for kicks, we did try this out on a 4 by 4 grid and 6 by 6 grid and I think we did get a solution.Perpetual calendarThis was done by me when I was 16. Long time ago, I got a diary from my father and at the back of it, there was a 100 years calendar, kind of like this:Image source: 100 YEARS CALENDARThis calendar was a pretty useful one. Pick a year, month and a date, and follow the codes it shows in the calendar and it will tell the day of the date.This calendar was bugging me since I was 11, and I was desperate to solve this. When I was 16, I stumbled upon a similar calendar for a different 100 years with slightly different notations. Then, looking at the years and the patterns, the codes and everything, I realized a beautiful pattern emerging out of it quite nicely. This pattern was more related to the nature of the year and months. Eventually, I cracked the code behind it.Later, just to prove my understanding right, I made a new calendar with my own notations (different from the notation followed in the calendar that I cracked) and cross verified the dates on both calendars. They were matching exactly for any date and year.When I was 18, I converted this algorithm into a C program and made it calculate the day and show it. With a bit of tweaking and extra additions, I made it print the entire month of a given year or the entire calendar for the given year. Now, I actually made a portable webpage with java script back-end that does these calculations and gives me the result. I carry that in my laptop and I-pad wherever I goLater, I extended this for several years backward and forward. One of my friends told me that the calendar dates have a bias of a few days if we go several years into the past or future. He told me that some correction has to be made. He was right. Will work on the correction sometime in the future!

Lets start with JEE MAINS.What you need to know about JEE Main 2020 before you startJEE Main 2020 will be held twice - January and April.National Testing Agency is the conducting body for the computer based testAdmissions to NITs, IIITs, GFTIs and other universities are through JEE Main.The application process is online and the test is held in multiple sessions across the country.About 12 lakh students appear for MAINS every year.How to prepare for JEE Main 2020 - stages of preparationKnow your JEE Main 2020 syllabusUnderstand the exam pattern of JEE MainMake the JEE Main 2020 preparation planBooks to referPractice till you are perfect using mock tests and previous year papersExam Day StrategyStart with the Syllabus - Know which topics to studyTo crack JEE Main, one needs to be well versed in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics of class 11 and 12. NTA elaborates the syllabus to study from. This allows students to know what to prepare before how to prepare for JEE Main 2020.Segregate the JEE Main SyllabusOne step is to segregate the topics in each subject into class 11 and class 12 to allow for common preparation for both board and entrance exams. Second, the topics from the JEE MAINS Syllabus must be divided into easy, tough and very tough so that the how to prepare for JEE Main plan is made accordingly.JEE Main Syllabus - Important Topics with weightageWhile studying the complete syllabus is important, it is also a wise strategy to give importance to those topics that carry weightage in JEE Main. An analysis of the past 20 years of the papers of JEE Main and AIEEE show the following topics are important. The respective weightage of the same is given below. Make sure to incorporate this in your how to prepare for JEE Main plan.JEE Main 2020 Physics Topics with WeightagePhysics and Measurement carries 4% weightageWork Energy and Power has 3% weightageRotational Motion carries 3% weightageProperties of Solids and Liquids have 5% weightageKinetic theory of Gases carries 3% weightageElectromagnetic Induction and Alternating currents have 3% weightageExperimental skills carry 3% weightageKinematics has 3% weightageLaws of motion carries 3% weightageGravitation has 2% weightageThermodynamics carries 9% weightageOscillations and Waves have 3% weightageElectrostatics carries 9% weightageCurrent Electricity has 8% weightageMagnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism carries 5% weightageElectromagnetic Waves has 5% weightageOptics carries 10% weightageDual Nature of Matter and Radiation has 6% weightageAtoms and Nuclei carries 3% weightageElectronic devices have 14% weightageCommunication Systems carry 5% weightageJEE Main 2020 Maths Topics with WeightageSets, Relations and Functions has 5% weightageComplex numbers and quadratic equations carries 7% weightageMatrices and Determinants has 7% weightagePermutations and combinations carries 4% weightageBinomial theorem and its simple applications has 2% weightageSequence and series carries 5% weightageIntegral Calculus has 9% weightageLimit, continuity and differentiability carries 10% weightageCo-ordinate geometry has 15% weightageThree Dimensional Geometry carries 6% weightageVector Algebra has 5% weightageStatistics and Probability carries 8% weightageTrigonometry has 4% weightageMathematical reasoning carries 3% weightageDifferential equations have 3% weightageMathematical Induction carries 3% weightageJEE Main 2020 Chemistry Topics with WeightageSome basic concepts in chemistry carries 5% weightageStates of matter has 3% weightageAtomic Structure carries 3% weightageSolutions have 5% weightageChemical Thermodynamics carries 4% weightageEquilibrium has 6% weightageRedox Reaction and Electrochemistry carries 4% weightageChemical kinetics has 3% weightageSurface Chemistry carries 1% weightageGeneral Principle and process of Isolation of metals has 2% weightageClassification of Elements and Periodic table carries 3% weightageHydrogen has 3% weightagep- Block Elements carries 5% weightageS - Block Elements Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals has 1% weightageChemical Bonding and Molecular Structure carries 5%d - and f - BLOCK ELEMENTS has 4% weightageCo-ordination Compounds carries 4% weightageEnvironmental Chemistry has 3% weightagePurification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds carries 3% weightageSome Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry has 3% weightageHydrocarbons carries 3% weightageOrganic Compounds containing Halogens has 2% weightageOrganic Compounds containing Oxygen carries 6% weightageOrganic Compounds Containing Nitrogen has 1% weightagePolymers carries 3% weightageBiomolecules has 3% weightageChemistry in Everyday Life carries 4% weightagePrinciples Related to Practical has Chemistry 3% weightageSome guidelines while making the JEE Main 2020 Preparation PlanGive equal weightage to all topicsDistribute the time needed to study it. Give more time to difficult topics and less to the ones you just need to revise.Ensure you have scheduled revision time in the planAction Plan for How to Prepare for JEE Main 2020Study a chapter and understand the concepts. NCERT books are good for this.While studying, make sure to note important points and formulas. This short notes will be useful during revision.After studying a chapter or topic, check how much you can recollect and to what extent you have understood the topic.Then practice questions based on the topic studied. While practising do not go for the solution directly. Try to solve yourself, make mistakes and then correct it. This step will help you to crack JEE Main.Make sure to give a mock test after completing the subject. Similarly ensure that you appear for as many mock tests as you can so that you can analyse your preparation levels, understand where you are making the mistakesUse the analysis to know your weak areas and concentrate on improving while revising.Be wise and Revise - Without revision, it is difficult to crack any exam especially one like JEE Main. You can only improve if you revise.Clear all your concepts, doubts. Never leave a question unanswered in your mind.Put the brake and take a break - While studying is good, it's not wise to do it continuously. So take some time off to refresh your mind before you start again. You can listen to music, play games or do what eases your brain. Physical exercise for half an hour or an hour helps in boosting the memory. Eat right.Best books for JEE Main 2020While NCERT books are good to cement your base, its advisable to move to specialized books on JEE Main. Over the years some of the reference books have become popular on account of the tips given in them, practice exercises that are given at the end of the chapter and the indepth knowledge that is necessary to crack JEE Main 2020. Your preparation would be complete by referring to the table given below.These are the books that are perfect to refer for IIT JEE also which includes both JEE Main and JEE Advanced. SOme of the books that can be used for JEE Main preparation areFor JEE ADVANCEDIn order to chalk-out a plan for JEE-Advanced preparation, it is crucial to have information about what all topics are covered in this examination. So, we start off with the syllabus...PHYSICSGeneral: Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least-count, significant figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier calipers and screw gauge (micrometer), Determination of g using simple pendulum, Young’s modulus by Searle’s method, Specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v method, Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s law using voltmeter and ammeter, and specific resistance of the material of a wire using meter bridge and post office box.Mechanics: Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles; Uniform circular motion; Relative velocity. Newton’s laws of motion; Inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference; Static and dynamic friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work and power; Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy. Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion; Impulse; Elastic and inelastic collisions. Law of gravitation; Gravitational potential and field; Acceleration due to gravity; Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity. Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses with rigid bodies. Linear and angular simple harmonic motions. Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus. Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’s law; Buoyancy; Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise; Viscosity (Poiseuille’s equation excluded), Stoke’s law; Terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Wave motion (plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves; Progressive and stationary waves; Vibration of strings and air columns; Resonance; Beats; Speed of sound in gases; Doppler effect (in sound).Thermal physics: Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat conduction in one dimension; Elementary concepts of convection and radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws; Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic gases); Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases); Blackbody radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.Electricity and magnetism: Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; Electric field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its application in simple cases, such as, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Capacitance; Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; Capacitors in series and parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor. Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and parallel arrangements of resistances and cells; Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications; Heating effect of current. Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law; Magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field. Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop; Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions. Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law; Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR and LC circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources.Optics: Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin lenses; Magnification. Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference limited to Young’s double-slit experiment.Modern physics: Atomic nucleus; α, β and _ radiations; Law of radioactive decay; Decay constant; Half-life and mean life; Binding energy and its calculation; Fission and fusion processes; Energy calculation in these processes. Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms; Characteristic and continuous Xrays, Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter waves.CHEMISTRYPhysical Chemistry: General topics- Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions; Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality. Gaseous and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas equation; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Vapour pressure; Diffusion of gases. Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36); Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule; Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species; Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral). Energetics: First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy, Hess’s law; Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy; Criterion of spontaneity. Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium; Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts. Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG; Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law; Concentration cells. Chemical kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions; Rate constant; First order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation). Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects. Solutions: Raoult’s law; Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Surface chemistry: Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples). Nuclear chemistry: Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars; Properties of α, β and γ rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon dating; Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio; Brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.Inorganic Chemistry: Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals: Boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens; Properties of allotropes of carbon (only diamond and graphite), phosphorus and sulphur. Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium; Boron: diborane, boric acid and borax; Aluminium: alumina, aluminium chloride and alums; Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid); Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide; Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia; Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine; Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate; Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon fluorides. Transition elements (3d series): Definition, general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment; Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral). Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates ; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate. Ores and minerals: Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron, copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium, zinc and silver. Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded); Carbon reduction method (iron and tin); Self reduction method (copper and lead); Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium); Cyanide process (silver and gold). Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V ; Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.Organic Chemistry: Concepts- Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of simple organic molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds); Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections); Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism; Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides; Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals. Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes: Homologous series, physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density); Combustion and halogenation of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions. Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX (X=halogen) and H2O; Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides. Reactions of benzene: Structure and aromaticity; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes. Phenols: Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation, nitration and sulphonation); Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe reaction. Characteristic reactions of the following (including those mentioned above): Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions; Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones; Ethers:Preparation by Williamson’s Synthesis; Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition); Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis; Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction with nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; carbylamine reaction; Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine substitution). Carbohydrates: Classification; mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose. Amino acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties. Properties and uses of some important polymers: Natural rubber, cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC. Practical organic chemistry: Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.MATHEMATICSAlgebra-Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations. Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots. Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. Logarithms and their properties. Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients. Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables. Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes Theorem, independence of events, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations.Trigonometry-Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations. Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-angle formula and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only).Analytical geometry- Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin. Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line; Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle. Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord. Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line. Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal.Locus Problems- Three dimensions: Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane.Differential calculus- Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, L’Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions. Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions. Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum values of a function, Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem.Integral calculus- Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus. Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves. Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations, separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.Vectors- Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations.Phew! That was a quite a detailed syllabus...On the basis of this syllabus division, below given is a list of books to help you out. Most students generally use them for their JEE-Advanced preparations. It is not necessary for you to purchase all of them; rather you must go with the syllabus and select the books that suit you the most.Physics· H.C. Verma – Concepts of Physics, Volume I and II· D.C. Pandey – Complete set of books· I.E. Irodov – Problems in General PhysicsChemistry· O.P. Tandon – Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry· R.C. Mukherjee – Physical Chemistry· R.K. Gupta – Organic Chemistry· NCERT Textbooks – Inorganic Chemistry· P. Bahadur – Physical ChemistryMathematics· Arihant Publications – Amit Agarwal – All Sets· S.L. Loney – Plane Coordinate Geometry· Tata McGraw Hill’s Publication – A Course in Mathematics for JEE Advanced· Cengage Publications – Complete set of books for JEE Advanced Mathematics(https://www.toppr.com/bytes/jee-...)You must also solve the previous years’ papers as it would help you in getting an idea about the type of questions asked in exams. You should look for good online websites (https://www.toppr.com/exams/jee-...) that provide accurate information about the subject-specific study materials and practice papers. Bear in mind that NCERT textbooks are a must since they form the baseline of questions asked in most of the entrance exams including JEE Advanced.Now, coming to the most crucial part... HOW TO PREPARE FOR THIS EXAMINATION??You have the syllabus and the books; all you need is a proper routine:In my opinion, there cannot be a universal daily routine that leads to success in JEE-Advanced as it all depends from person to person. For some people studying only 4-5 hours per day is sufficient but for others 12-14 hours of study does the trick. There have been some students who mentioned that they were not much into recreation during their preparation period and there have been others who think that recreation is important as it replenishes their energy. Also, the daily routines can range from 4 months (https://www.toppr.com/bytes/jee-...) to 1-2 years (https://www.toppr.com/bytes/jee-... and https://www.toppr.com/bytes/prep...).Many students who prepare for their Boards and JEE at the same time have to attend 6-7 hours of school every-day. Apart from this, there are coaching classes every-day or on alternate days. However, there are others who prepare for JEE after their Borads. You should make your study-plan based on the category you belong to. There is an emphasis on about 6-8 hours of self-study daily. Ideally, one should for a 15-20 minute break between every 2 hours of study. This helps in tackling the monotonous nature of studies. A small break in between maximizes the brain’s absorptive capacity which would drastically reduce in case of continuous studies. This break differs from person to person and ranges from talking to a friend to going for a short-walk or listening to songs, etc. Further, the study hours should be divided between revising the previous topics and learning the new ones. Some people revise in the late hours of night while the others do it in wee hours of the morning. Same is applicable to learning new concepts. Also, time should be divided between different subjects for each day, week and month. This subject division continues till the last week of exam with certain subjects being preferred over the others at specific times. Solving the practice papers regularly (daily or monthly, subject-wise or topic-wise, etc.) is crucial but differs between individuals according to their schedule. 7-8 hours of sleep daily is an absolute must. Talking to teachers and friends for proper guidance is good as it always helps to have discussions. The most important part is being optimistic, focused, consistent, sincere and smart throughout your routine.Always remember, if you approach a task with a mind-set that it will be very difficult, you will have a lot of hardships in completing it. Approach it with a mind-set that it can definitely be done with proper planning- Voila! It will become a lot easier to handle. I have tried it... give it a go and you yourself will feel the difference.*BITSAT*For BITSAT, I would go with Amit Kumar and advice you to practice from ‘A complete success package for online BITSAT- by arihant publications’.Hope it helps!How do I prepare for JEE Advanced starting now?For solutions, you can check out DOUBTNUTDoubtnut App is World’s Biggest Platform for Free Video solution of Math Doubts with over 1 Lakh+ Video Solution of Math Questions. Doubtnut is on-demand Q&A app for Math for Students (up to JEE Advanced level), Where you can ask unlimited Math Question Just by clicking a Picture of Doubt on Doubtnut App and get an awesome video solution Instantly. Doubtnut is founded by IITians. Doubtnut Highlights – 1. World’s Biggest Platform for Video Solution of Maths 2. Solution of 1 lakh+ Math Questions from Various Books like R D Sharma, R S Aggarwal, Cengage and Arihant Publication Books and Previous year Papers Solution of Boards, JEE Mains & Advanced. 4. Only App where you can get Video solution just by clicking a Picture of Math Doubt. 5. Over 1.5 Lakh+ Students ask their Math Doubts Daily on Doubtnut app. 6. 6 Million+ Views on Doubtnut Youtube Channel 7. CBSE, ICSE, State Boards, NTSE and IIT JEE Mains & Advanced Preparation Covered 8. Best Math Experts Are EngagedThey soon will be releasing the solutions and matterials for Physics and Chemistry as well. Only #3 DAYS TO GO FOR THIS TO HAPPEN

In my country, we write two exams; WAEC and NECO. If you don't write any of these exams, you're not getting into the university.WAEC is actually the most important of the two because universities require it. However, NECO is there as a substitute or backup for WAEC, that is; if you fail WAEC, you can make it up with NECO.The thing is that most students aren't too sure of their WAEC, not because they aren't smart but because other factors can make you fail, such as, the person misplacing your script, the person being in a horrible mood at that time, etc. Everyone prefers to write the two to be on the safe side and I wasn't excluded.I had written WAEC and was seated for NECO, the subject was chemistry. I was writing and writing until I was almost halfway through with the questions. That was when the unthinkable happened,My stomach started runningI felt the strong urge to relieve myself right there and then, I could barely sit, my hands were shaking. What was worse, my crush was 6 seats ahead of me.The school's boys' toilets were under emergency maintenance that couldn't wait till weekend because it was a health hazard. I know, I was so unlucky that day😅“Which kind wahala be this?” (nigerian english for “what kind of trouble is this"), and let's not forget I was still writing the exam.I tried to rush over the questions but I got stuck in one involving electronic configuration, and unless you're a genius in chemistry (which I wasn't), it's going to take you some time to think of the answers and time wasn't on my side. Also, I wasn't thinking straight.I couldn't take it anymore, I got up from my seat and submitted my papers which were halfway done. Everyone was surprised, the time limit was 2hrs and I finished before an hour.I rushed out of the school (only senior students writing exams, like us, could leave school before closing time) and was able to hold myself through the 20minutes ride home.It was public transport so it could only drop me off at a distance to my house. I had to walk gently so as not to “explode”, at that point, it was clearly visible to anyone what I was experiencing.My house was just a few feet away, I was going to make it. As soon as I opened the gate, it seemed like my body knew what was happening and doubled the effort, I could feel my anal region getting wet, it also started to burn, this was it for me!I ran towards the inner gate (the outer gate was to my compound, the inner was to my house) and pushed it open–it was locked!!“I'm such an idiot, I forgot to take the key from my brother”I couldn't do it, I couldn't let mother nature win this. I ran behind the house (thank God the compound was well fenced so I had privacy), dug a hole and let it all out. I wiped with a rag our tenant kept to dry, he never found it after that day😅Not a single soul saw me doing the activity because everyone was either at work or school.That embarrassing experience taught me a very good lesson: watch what you eat before you go on anything important like an exam, interview, date, etc coz your body can be a b!tch sometimes.As for the chemistry, I never bothered to check the result, I didn't need it. I passed WAEC and I'm in college right now.