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Bitcoin birthed the concept of blockchain technology, and now even organizations as technologically advanced as NASA are considering its benefits. Yet cryptocurrency is often described as a fad, a bubble, and even worthless.Before i continue, let me introduce you to a platform i discovered where you can sell your Bitcoin and other top Cryptocurrencies at the exact rate in dollars any where in the world. The website is IBUYCRYPTO (www.ibuycrypto.store). It is safe and secure. The interesting part of it is that, you don’t have to drop your vital informations before you sell to them. You sell and get your money directly sent to your bank account immediately your deposit is confirmed. You can also sell and request the money is sent to someone else. Thank me later after using this platform.NASA EYES HYPERLEDGER BLOCKCHAIN FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTRonald J. Reisman, an aero-computer engineer at the NASA Ames Research Center, has put forward blockchain to solve issues of privacy and the prevention of spoofing, denial of service, and other attacks.He says a new system due for implementation in 2020, the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), does not provide for the protection of flight plans and positions and other state data. Reisman believes blockchain has the answer in the form of an engineering prototype built using a permissioned blockchain.The use of an open source permissioned blockchain framework to enable aircraft privacy and anonymity while providing a secure and efficient method for communication with Air Traffic Services, Operations Support, or other authorized entities.The proposed framework uses “certificate authority, smart contract support, and higher-bandwidth communication channels” to ensure private communication between aircraft and authorized participants.He details how the prototype could be “economically and rapidly deployed” at scale. Reisman bases the proposal on the use of Hyperledger Fabric, a blockchain he says has been developed away from fintech and designed for enterprise use.MANY BLOCKCHAINS LACK COHESIONnasa blockchain air traffic controlNASA believes blockchain technology could improve air traffic managementInterestingly, he appears to have considered other chains. He describes these chains as lacking cohesion and flexibility due to the platforms design limitations:Ethereum claims a >80% market share, followed by other platforms, including (in order of market share popularity): Waves, Bitcoin Fork, Stratis, Graphene, Hyperledger, Ethereum Classic, Maidsafe, Litecoin Fork, NEO, and Rootstock.Reisman further says his paper:Proposes to leverage an industrial-strength open-source enterprise-blockchain framework called Hyperledger Fabric to demonstrate potential solutions to vexing technical issues that threaten the adoption of ADS-B by Military, Corporate, and other aircraft operators who do not want their operations and movements discernable by the general public.And although his approach “is not perfected” it is “based on available technology,” says the paper. This could be interpreted as a mark of approval of readiness for the wider use of blockchain globally.

Thanks for A2AIt’s a hard question because1) F-22 is so advanced a fighter and India has just started own advanced jet development.2) F-22 is a very secret technology and USA didn't even export it to anyone, even NATO allies.3) It was a highly expensive program. No country including India expenses as much as USA in defense research.4) each F-22 is also very costly so USA made less than 200 F-22 (when they are going to induct around 2500 F-35).Also, countries develop/induct jets according to own requirements which are very very specific for a country. For these reasons, it will be very hard or unfair comparison of any jet with F-22.But I have a strong feeling that India can make a world-class 5th gen jet which may not be as advanced as F-22 (or F-35) but fit for India’s own requirements and doctrine.There are logics and reasons for this optimism.The AMCA program:India’s 5th gen aircraft program is called ‘AMCA’.Type:AMCA is not going to be a dedicated air-superiority fighter like F-22. Rather it’s more like F-35 in purpose and role. Both are Multi-role. Also, both AMCA and F-35 are medium weight where F-22 is heavyweight.On the other hand, AMCA has much resemblance with F-22 in airframe structure and shape. And both AMCA and F-22 are the first 5th gen fighter development endeavor of the corresponding countries (although USA developed stealth aircraft before F-22).A brief speculation about AMCA’s quality:My guess is AMCA will not be as advanced as F-35 (for example, in aspects like network-centric capability, highly integrated software-defined character and Electronic warfare) or F-22 (for example, in aspects like high-degree stealth) but will be a balanced machine with decency in many of those aspects which is enough for India’s requirement.I think, There will be mixed philosophies like stealth and supercruise (mainly western) and supermaneuverability (mainly Russian) so it will be a unique mix of interesting technologies of various origin (with constraint of Physics, obviously).Same happened with Tejas. Tejas is a mix of the best 4/4.5 gen features of various origin fighters compacted in a small platform customized for India. IAF pilots are experienced using various origin planes and their feedbacks about better aspects of various aircrafts went into Tejas.Following the similar philosophy, AMCA will be a mix of the best 4.5/5/5+ gen features of various origin compacted in a medium platform customized for India. But, as for 5th gen technology, there is no previous user experience, things will be based on technological speculations rather than practical experience and that’s an important reason why I have said that standard will not touch that of USA (at least initially) but will be world-class.(I’ll discuss technological aspects in details later)Prerequisites and India’s preparation & experience:At the time USA started work on 5th gen fighter (beginning of 1980s), they had warplane development experience of about 60 years with two world wars. USA also developed stealthy aircrafts before F-22. India has modern fighter development experience of around 30 years and has no previous experience of stealth technology. So in these points of view, India is lacking.But there are other points of view. Before 1980s, many of the critical 4/4+/4.5 gen technologies weren't ready or in very early stage of development which were USA’s challenges:AESA radar: The first airborne series production AESA was the EL/M-2075 Phalcon on a Chilean Air Force Boeing 707 that entered service in 1994. The first AESA on a combat aircraft was the J/APG-1 introduced on the Mitsubishi F-2 in 1995.Glass cockpit: Even in mid-70s, there were no operational glass cockpit. Very initial works had been started by NASA in around ’80. LCD became popular only in 90s. No question of ‘panoramic display’ with touchscreen, voice command etc.Advanced flight management system: Boeing 767 was the first to have it that was introduced just in 1982. Still computers weren't likely as advanced as today.Composite material in aircraft: high percentage composite structure in airframe is a relatively new concept. F-22 still has composite in 33% of airframe surface.Digital flight control computer and fly-by-wire: F-16 was the first aircraft to have FBW and the block C/D (1984) had digtal FBW for the first time.etc.Now let’s check India’s position:AESA radar:India already has an working prototype of fighter aircraft-rated AESA radar called Uttam. Several tests have been conducted successfully. India has an AESA radar program in general and have operational land and air-borne AESA radars. India also has a GaN based radar program with some significant progress. (‘ll discuss later)Glass cockpit:LCA Tejas already have a decent glass cockpit with LCDs for years.Flight management system:Tejas, being a 4+/4.5 gen fighter, has a quite advanced FMS. Tejas features integrated digital avionics suite. The mission computer (MC) can perform all the works like mission-oriented computations, flight management, reconfiguration/redundancy management, in-flight system self-tests etc. as an integrated system. Tejas is an intelligent machine and ‘talks’ to the human as stated by IAF pilots and crews.‘Intelligent’ Tejas does the ‘talking’ : Pilots & engineers of No.45 Tejas Squadron are satisfiedComposite material:Tejas already has high percentage of composite material in airframe. One of the highest in the world.Digital fly-by-wire and control laws:Tejas has one of the best digital FBW in the world. Even before 2000 when it was newly designed and tested in a F-16 platform, Pentagon pilots commented F-16 flew better with Tejas control laws.Reference: Interview with Dr. Kota Harinarayana (considered as the father of LCA program)Featured ArticlesThere are many other 4.5 generation technologies that India has learned over the years from LCA program. Although it’s the only modern indigenous fighter by India, it has given some very effective knowledge and experience as prerequisites not significantly less than that USA had in 1980s.Technology:As we don’t have much info about F-22 technology (heck, who am I? even top aeronautics engineers of NATO countries and top hackers of USA rival countries hardly have it!), so we have to analyze based on standard and generic 5th gen technologies and technology wish-list for AMCA.Let’s check the technology wish-list for AMCA and progress of some of them. Details are definitely unknown as this program is very classified (yep! it’s our 5th gen program after all and why rivals should know it?). PMO directly handles this program, not even MoD, as far as I know. Whatever I could know from publicly available sources, I am mentioning.Technology wishlist:1) Stealth, Supercruise, Supermaneuverability: Obviously. It’s going to be a 5th generation fighter aircraft.2) Display: panoramic active-matrix display i.e. single big display rather than multiple screens that being used in Tejas.3) Smart user-interface: switches, bezels and keypads to be replaced with touch screen interfaces and voice commands.4) Advanced Helmet-mounted display: A HMD that makes HUD (Head-up display) unnecessary and jettisons it. Tejas has both.5) Control laws: Fly-by-optics rather than fly-by-wire i.e. fiber optic links for signal and data communications, unlike the electric links on the Tejas platform.6) Flight control computer: distributed system with smart remote units for data communication with sensors and actuators with much faster on-board processors unlike centralized digital flight control computer (DFCC) in Tejas,7) System architecture: distributed architecture with smart sub-systems unlike centralized architecture on the Tejas.8) Power-by-wire: Electro-hydrostatic actuators and electrical circuits instead of heavy fully-hydraulic circuits and actuators.9) Advanced sensors: Fiber optic gyros, ring laser gyros and MEMS gyros instead of mechanical gyros and accelerometers on the Tejas. optical and flush air data system instead of pressure probes and vanes in Tejas. Position sensors will be linear/rotary optical encoders.10) Sensor data fusion: Fusion of all sensor data to create a single whole picture for much better ‘situational awareness’ (the single panoramic screen will be required for this also) instead of multiple separate sensor data.11) Highly evolved and much more integrated avionics12) Integrated radio navigation systems: where all functions earlier done by analogue circuits will be shifted onto the shoulders of digital processors.13) Self-healing system: Self-diagnose and healing by distributing the workload among various interconnected systems where Tejas has self-diagnose system but not self-healing.14) Advanced algorithms: System for taking decision on strategies, maintenance and diagnostics for the pilot in mission which is limited in Tejas.15) GaN based AESA radar: Most advanced kind of radar out there16) Network-centric capability17) State-of-the-art armamentsetc.Source: EXCLUSIVE: Official Wishlist of Evolutionary Technologies for India’s 5thGen AMCAProgress:1) The most vital criteria in AMCA is structural stealth. Preliminary design for stealthy airframe is completed. AMCA has a balanced design between Stealth and Aerodynamics.[Source: DRDO video on AMCA design, AeroIndia 2017, shared by: Livefist]Initially 9 different designs were proposed.Then one among those is finalized.65–70% of stealth is expected to come from shape. Rest will be incorporated by various means in developmental period according to ADA.A stealthy aircraft is to be designed in such a shape that can reduce radar cross section (RCS) by not reflecting the radar wave back to the emitter radar but in different direction.The most efficient way to reflect radar waves back to the emitting radar is with orthogonal metal plates, forming a corner reflector consisting of either a dihedral (two plates) or a trihedral (three orthogonal plates).This configuration occurs in the tail of a conventional aircraft, where the vertical and horizontal components of the tail are set at right angles. Stealth aircrafts use a different arrangement, tilting the tail surfaces to reduce corner reflections formed between them.Other parts and alignments are also designed such a way that no orthogonal metal parts or joins are there.AMCA also has such a design and its shape has good resemblance with F-22.Various preliminary tests on like RCS tests, wind tunnel test etc. on 1:8 scaled down model are also done within 2015.2) Serpentine inlet has been designed and developed earlier.It is required to hide engine blades from sight of radar. Engine blades is a primary source of radar signature. It’s very important for stealth.F-22 inletAMCA inlet3) Internal weapon bay. Weapons attached outside of the body increases RCS. Stealth aircrafts have to have weapons internally.Even the hatch of the bay, when opened, makes the aircraft non-stealthy. To somewhat avoid that, bay hatch consists of non-orthogonal edges (sawtooth design).AMCA model shows such feature:4) Radar Absorbent Material. The material with which the body is made is specially designed to absorb radar waves. It has another RAM coating too.This is a very critical technology. India probably has developed some RAM for using in MiG-21 and Rejas but this time much more advanced RAM is required. Development work is in progress:Mission Invisible: BITS Goa works on anti-radar project for DRDO - Times of India5) For Supercruise, a sufficiently powerful engine is required. Initially A General Electric engine is likely to be used. Engine may be selected this year. Later, indigenous K9+ or K10 which are variants of GTRE Kaveri engine. It’s speculated that India is developing one of those variants with the help of France and it is in advanced stage of development.Kaveri engine is likely to have 3D thrust vectoring capability for Supermaneuverablity. Almost no information is available on Kaveri development (and any other component as well) due to AMCA program’s extreme secrecy (rightly so). Some more time is required for further update.GTRE Kaveri6) For cockpit Display, ADA asked private industry in the country 8 years ago to explore the feasibility of creating primary panoramic displays and other avionics displays that would befit a fifth generation cockpit environment. Now there is an operational cockpit simulator. So it seems work has seen good progress in this. Touchscreen interface, voice command feature and HMD are also related to this. Also, Tejas manufacturer HAL and Israeli company Elbit has a Joint Venture HALBIT and Elbit has displayed a ‘new generation cockpit’ so for India, having a 5th generation cockpit is realistic.Cockpit NGAMCA simulator7) Point 5 to 8 in technology wish-list (i.e. Control Laws, Flight control computer, power-by-wire and system architecture) are related to flight. ADA has stated that all the flight testing will be finished within 6 years i.e. 2024. That means major work has already been done in flight engineering.Source: www.ada.gov.in8) Almost no info on progress available on point 9 to 14 in technology wish-list. There are some info available on Avionics. If what is wished can be realized, AMCA’s avionics will be arguably one of the bests in the world.a) The AMCA's avionics systems architecture will be highly integrated and will feature a central computational system connected internally and externally on an optic fiber channel by means of multiport connectivity switching modules. In such a system, functionality will be mapped on resourced optimally and reallocated when faults occur (Self healing).b) Data communications on the AMCA's processing modules will be through a high-speed fiber channel bus, IEEE-1394B-STD. The connectivities will be switched by means of a multiport switching matrix, with data speeds of 400MB/second. Tejas already has quite advanced integrated avionics (as stated by IAF pilots) so India can do much better over that."Tejas is best in its class with excellent on-board systems and avionics"- No. 45 squadron (1st Tejas squadron) group captain Madhav RangachariTejas is best aircraft I’ve flown so far: Group Capt Rangac) The Electronic Warfare suite is probably developed (by the Defense Avionics Research Establishment with support from the Defense Electronics Research Laboratory). As India has already developed ‘Mayavi’ EW suite for Tejas, this thing should not be alien to India.9) India has already developed Gallium Arsenide based AESA radar Uttam (in prototype testing phase) which is suitable for light fighters like Tejas.AERO INDIA 2017: UTTAM Aesa Radar prepped for integration on LCA-TejasNow work is going on for Gallium Nitride based radar. DRDO has developed 30 finger, 3 mm gallium Nitride based HEMT a crucial component for the development of GaN based radar.Source: AMCA - Dominator in the making - UpdateGovt. is serious about GaN research:IISc to get Rs 3,000-crore foundry to produce ‘wonder’ nano material10) Net-centric warfare is the future warfare. As India is on its way to establish network-centric armed forces, AMCA will surely have net-centric capability. It may not be as advanced as F-35 initially but it has to be there for the future war scenario. In 2010 India has installed AFNET (Air Force Network).Air Force Network - WikipediaIndia has also launched GSAT-7 in 2013 for networking the Navy. (It could network 60 ships and 75 aircraft in TROPEX 2014 and covers 2000 nautical miles in Indian ocean region). GSAT-7 - WikipediaGSAT-7A which is the Air Force version will be launched in 2018.GSAT-7A- WikipediaIndia has also launched the ‘Defense Communication Network’ in 2016 for communicational networking of all wings of armed forces.HCL Info implements India’s first integrated defence communication networkEvery war machines like aircrafts, Helicopters, Tanks, warships etc. are to be equipped to include in the network for having a fully integrated system. AMCA is likely to have network-centric capability (aircraft sensor data fusion is also related) in this backdrop of technological activity. It’s not likely to be as developed as F-35 but I’m hopeful that something decent will come out.11) Being 5th generation, the armaments will surely be state-of-the-art. It is not declared which weapons AMCA will carry but it can be easily guessed that Astra, Astra mk2, Brahmos NG, Brahmos-2 etc. will be carried along with various other missiles. Tejas can carry versatile weapons of many origins so AMCA is also likely to have that capability. But I think Indian weapons will be given more importance. Astra is ready. Brahmos-NG, Brahmos-2 etc. are already under development and will come in near future.There are many other required technologies. Some are developed in LCA program. Some are being developed in various centers of DRDO.Development approach:ADA, DRDO, GoI and IAF have learned how to avoid delays from the experience of LCA program. In AMCA program, the approach has been changed fundamentally. For example:a) specific requirement from customer are asked forb) high involvement of numerous private firms from the beginningc) modular approach for design, development and manufacturing (considering separate parts in parallel instead of the whole aircraft)d) parallel teams: Design team (ADA, NAL), Core team for component development (various DRDO labs), manufacturing team (consortium of many firms) etc.Current status:In 2017, 1:1 full scale model of the airframe has been built and most probably all the basic tests on it have been completed too in 2017 and it seems the test model has shown satisfactory stealth (along with other parameters). Because, ADA has issued a ‘Expression of Interest’ to Indian private firms to apply for building two ‘Next Generation Technology Demonstrator’ within 4 years this month (February, 2018). According to Defense Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, IAF themselves has suggested ADA to launch a Technology Demonstrator before launching full-scale engineering work for the prototype.India working on developing an advanced medium combat aircraftthe time-line:ADA has also stated that 100% of airframe will be made of advanced composite material. This is the officially mentioned material:The airframe picture (and dimensions) are also provided.Source: www.ada.gov.inSo this is a short discussion about features and progress of AMCA as far as I know. AMCA program was unofficially started in 2008. I think within 2024–25, basic version will be ready. Next 5–6 years will be for rigorous flight testings and enhancements. 2030–32 is likely to be the window for induction into IAF. So total 22-24 years.This time-line is realistic because, if we see the time-line for other 5th gen fighter program,F-22:1981- Request for information were issued for F-221983- Competing engine demonstration/validation programs launched1986- two initial prototype (more like technology demonstrator) by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) and Northop (now Northrop Grumann)1990- First flight of prototype1997- EMD aircraft flew1999- Low rate production started2005- Induction into USAFF-22 Raptor - TimelineSo, 5th gen prototype (for evaluation and selection) came out after 5 years. First flight after 9 years. Majority of development done in 16 years (81–97). Final 6/7 years were for enhancement and delivery were already happening at this period. Total 24 years.F-35:1992- Joint Strike Fighter program started1997- Lockheed Martin and Boeing selected for Joint Strike Fighter concept demonstration phase2000- technology demonstrator X-35A and X-35C first flight. X-35A converted to X-35B2001- Lockheed Martin X-35 was chosen as the winner of the competition and teamed with Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems to begin production.2006- The first production F-35A rolled out of the assembly, F-35 Lightning II AA-1 first flight2008- F-35B first flight, F-35 flies supersonic for the first time2010- F-35B first vertical landing, F-35 carrier variant first flight2011- First Low rate initial production F-35 accepted by USAF2016- Initial Operation Clearance of F-35A by USAFSo total time required from the beginning of JSF program to IOC is 24 years. Again.F-35 History | F-35 Lightning IIJ-20:Late 1990s- J-XX program started2002- PLAAAF unveiled the program2011- Chengdu J-20 first flight2015- Low Rate Initial Production2017- J-20 is inducted by PLAAFSo total time required is around 20 years.Chengdu J-20 - WikipediaChina’s J-20 stealth fighter joins the PLA air forceSu-57:Around 2000- PAK-FA program started2002- Sukhoi was selected as the winner of the PAK FA competition and selected to lead the design of the new aircraft.2009- The aircraft's design was officially approved.2010- First flight of the prototype2018- Final combat trial going onIt’s not yet officially inducted. Still Total time required till now is around 20 years.Sukhoi Su-57 - WikipediaI can conclude saying that if India can develop a nice 4.5 generation fighter jet1) In lowest budget (1 billion USD) among such programs all over the World2) In quite standard time (22 years)3) having almost 80% of indigenous components (yet)4) facing no accident ever1) being a relatively poor country in the development period2) having almost no previous experience of fighter development3) having very weak industrial support and almost nil aeronautical ecosystem lacking even a design software initially4) facing international sanction for several years in the middle5) having strong lobby against the programthen why not a nice 5th generation fighter jet1) being much more prosperous and powerful country2) having invaluable experience of developing a 4.5 gen fighter3) having much stronger industrial support and an aeronautical ecosystem as a network of 50+ labs, 500+ firms and 20+ educational institutes4) having way better international relation ?I think it’s quite possible for India."…We still have over 15 years to work on it before the MiG-29 upgraded aircraft retire, before the Mirage 2000 upgraded ones retire, as well as Jaguar upgraded ones retire in another 15 years. I am very sure, if we put our hearts and souls together, and if the air force, the DRDO, the ADA and HAL and other agencies involved take joint responsibility, joint accountability and joint ownership, AMCA is highly possible."- Ex Air Chief Arup Raha[Reference: Indian Air Force chief expects full strength of 42 squadrons by 2027]Thank you!

This is an interesting question, but unfortunately it is not complete.If I can explain: a modern war includes several military components that act in concert on the battlefield to defeat or eliminate the opposing military.These components are formed by infantry (which in turn may be of different specialization between paratroopers, mechanized, amphibious etc), armored forces, artillery (which in turn has different specializations between ground attack and anti-aircraft defense), air forces (both attacking and defensive) and also the Navy with its artillery represents a further force in the field today, thanks to the enormous range of action of the weapons supplied to the most advanced modern armies.In this image you can see how the anti-aircraft artillery can dominate the battlefield thanks to its wide range of action. The use of this form of artillery can determine the control of the sky and limit the battle to the land field alone.At this point it is right to remember that no nation would undertake a battle of land in an inferior state or without the possibility of eliminating the adversary's advantage. This means that any battle conducted under these conditions is carried out for the sole purpose of regaining or trying to gain control of the sky destroying the opposing anti-aerial artillery.Assuming that in an extraordinary case both sides do not have an air capacity (and it is highly unlikely, particularly if we observe the United States and Russia), then the assessment of the forces in the field must focus on the characteristics of the armies participating in it.There are two distinct categories of characteristics that are fundamental to analyze to understand which army will win the fight. The first is represented by operational, combat capabilities. Range of weapons, number of men, quantity of artillery, number of tanks, performance of tanks, options of which these combat units or even the single soldier is equipped on the battlefield etc.The second category consists of two "preparatory" elements: logistics and intelligence. Logistics includes everything you need to do to prepare an army for the battle. From the roads to the military production capacities of the nation involved. Even for defense funds. All this contributes to giving "energy" to the army and to making it progress and continuing to fight. Let's not forget that logistics also includes various services including medical care for soldiers.The second element is intelligence. This basic service prepares the army to fight at its best. Why? Well ... basically because you can not hit what you do not see. The more intelligence is able to gather information, the more efficient the army will be in fighting. Understanding how, where, when and how the enemy will deal with you in battle (this concern strategy and tactical) is essential not only to face it, but you can also prepare counteroffensives, maneuvers that frustrate the opponent's preparation and so on.At this point we could draw the scenario. We immediately notice how the Russians are equipped with a superior field artillery equipped with pieces of various types and in large quantities. Although many of these artillery pieces are older, they are still well kept and updated. The United States generally compensates for the lack of field artillery with the use of the air weapon.Although the precise numbers remain vague, however, it is noted that the Americans depend a lot on the air force to compensate for the lack of conventional artillery on the battlefield.Let's move on to the tanks and we can see how Russia seems to hold here too an overwhelming numerical superiority (even if in the image the numbers are exaggerated). However it is good to remember two or three things about it:1) American wagons are designed with a particular philosophy of use that safeguards the crew and therefore allows to have expert crews while losing the vehicle;2) Russian tanks are basically old, too old to represent a threat individually (even if there are never single clashes), in a group are much more dangerous given the numbers;3) the main site of the production of Russian tanks has been reduced by the Ukrainian component which, due to the known conflict, no longer supplies components to the Russian armed forces (interrupted logistics line and limited production).The Russians therefore have large numbers, but they are not able to replace those numbers quickly and those numbers are lacking in quality. Which benefits the most experienced, technologically advanced US armored forces.Finally the troops come. Basically, the training of modern troops takes place with a certain "convergence". All troops are specialized and specialize in unique operating scenarios, while admitting the ability to operate in shared environments. This makes all modern troops able to work jointly with various other specialized departments as if they were one body. Americans and Russians make no difference in all this. The only differences that I noticed over time are due to the numbers of the "combat ready" and available forces.Another difference that I thought to notice (but it is good to express ourselves with caution) is the "morale" of the troops. It has long been known that Russian soldiers do not have a great desire to fight. Many flee for not having to enlist. Moreover it seems that some Russian units have been forced to resign in order to be integrated into irregular units to be sent in Proxy Wars like the one in Ukraine. This has definitely weakened the morale of the conscripts.There are also several other "terrestrial" components that act in different domains from the terrestrial battlefield. I'm talking about helicopters. Both armies are equipped in quantity. Comparatively they are similar in performance and capacity, only numbers vary.I will not dwell on the aero-naval forces because we both know that US forces have absolute technological and numerical superiority. Even admitting that the Russians are endowed with different threats (nuclear submarines) to the survival of American nuclear aircraft carriers. However, the mere presence of their aircraft carriers is equal to having another army on the field. But since the request is to analyze only the terrestrial forces, the Navy which exercises its control mainly on the dominion of the sky and the sea, should be exempted from this analysis. At most, we can consider the Marines ... that for Americans they are an effective corps (another army basically, but smaller in numbers) more, for the Russians instead, who are also equipped with amphibious forces, the units available are much inferior numerically speaking.For some of the unanalychable characteristics of both armies, I am led to think that the United States would be able (if easily or hardly I do not know exactly) to win a battle against Russia in every situation and operating land environment. This is due to the fact that I also include in the account the military history of the two nations and the attitude to the war of his soldiers. The preparation of the officers and more generally also the determination of the nations. The only weakness in the US is in the public opinion that, generally, is conditioned by inaccurate informations or not very authoritative personalities in matter.However, this is only my opinion. A clash like this would never occur, as I said. Neither country has any desire to face a war without being able to count on all the components of its Armed Forces. Moreover, if a war between these two nations were to happen, it would also require the use of nuclear weapons. And this would mean the defeat of both nations and the probable extinction of all life on this world. A really nefarious scenario.I hope I have answered the question sufficiently.