Exemption Form - Properties Occupied Solely By Students: Fill & Download for Free

So, this last weekend, I was up visiting my in-laws, and we got nailed with something they call a “bomb cyclone.”[1][1][1][1] It was a big two-day snowstorm that dropped about two feet of snow where I was and blew it all over hell. We’re talking 6–8 foot drifts.I have a Subaru Outback, which I was able to buy with a Good Son Discount from my parents and I’m very appreciative of that. It’s a very nice car, and it can go through just about anything with the excellent ground clearance and all-wheel drive. It’s very safe, and since I now have a kid, that’s why my folks were willing to sell it to me.My in-laws live well off the beaten path, off of a minimum maintenance road that doesn’t get plowed by the county. They hire a guy, but he often doesn’t come for days or sometimes even weeks. So, my father-in-law has a plow on his truck and has to plow out the road himself much of the time.We waited until Duluth was downgraded from “ABANDON HOPE ALL YE WHO ENTER HERE” to at least “snow covered roads; travel not advised,” and my father-in-law had plowed out the road to at least the main county road (about 8 miles away,) which had been plowed by the county, before we left.And we made it home. It was a little hairy at times, but we made it home, and because of that, I didn’t have to take an extra vacation day from work over it.My Subaru can and did make it through some pretty nasty stuff, but really, we made it home because of the snowplows clearing away enough that we could do the rest on our own.Without those plows, we would have gotten stuck. I have the utmost faith in the Subie (and my wife will tell you that I have probably too much faith in the Subie), but I wouldn’t have even attempted it without the plows.At least in the United States, yes, life is much easier if you’re a white person, because essentially, white people are driving behind a large social snowplow that non-white people often do not get to drive behind.I’m sure I’m about to get a giant pile of US white people who will comment about handouts and affirmative action and “well, I’m poor and I know a lot of white people who are and it sure as hell doesn’t feel easier to me!”And that’s true. All of that is true. That road might still be pretty shitty, and you might have done a lot of work to get where you are.Listen. I probably look like the model of the self-made man. I worked hard, got an education, and now I’m doing my best to make something of myself. I’ve worked plenty of hard, manual, “dirty” jobs, and I’ve worked my way up to where the health problems I have mostly stem from a profoundly flattened ass.I’m also a lily-white heterosexual Christian Midwestern dude from a moderately middle-class family who came over on the boat when land was ultra-cheap.My success in life is partly due to hard work, and partly due to the fact that I won the birthright jackpot.There are at least two things that are solely due to the melanin content of my skin and family history that have massively greased the skids for me compared to similarly situated people who are not white: generational accumulated opportunity, and structural privilege.These two things are like a snowplow. They cleared a path for me, and people like me, particularly people who look like me, to more easily succeed.Generational Accumulated OpportunityBuy land. They ain’t makin’ any more of the stuff. - Will RogersOver Thanksgiving, I got in a stupid political argument with a family member, as you do when you live where the air hurts your face and you’re sitting in a blizzard warning watching multiple feet of snow whipping around outside.While we were arguing about deregulation and unrestrained, unbridled capitalism, I pointed out that we had that at one point, and conditions were bad enough that it led to a number of constitutional amendments and the Progressive Era to correct for the Gilded Age and the robber barons. There were a lot of people who didn’t think it was as great a time to be alive as John D. Rockefeller did.He brought up something that I’m guessing Ben Shapiro must be saying lately because I’ve been seeing it pop up a lot in recent weeks: “Well, if the Gilded Age was so bad, why did so many people immigrate here at that point in history?”That answer is, in good part, cheap or even free land.When my folks came over from Germany during the Gilded Age, they got land in Wisconsin for less than a dollar an acre. Even adjusted for inflation, my family was able to buy upwards of a half a square mile of land for less than $5,000 in today’s money. (That same land is well over $5,000 an acre today.) At other points in history, you could get 40, 80, even 160 acres of land from the Federal government for the price of “pack a wagon, go there, and work it up.”[2][2][2][2] A lot of land was granted to timber companies and railroads, who in turn sold it cheaply to new immigrants for a profit to them.[3][3][3][3]Understand that land in Europe was virtually impossible to get your hands on. People didn’t own real property, for the most part. To own 40, 80, 160 acres would have been wealth beyond the dreams of most people.Understand the history of just English property law.[4][4][4][4] Basically, the king owned everything, and doled out tracts of that to the aristocracy, who in turn might dole out some of that to other aristocracy or gentry. Most people lived on someone else’s land and either paid rent or worked for the aristocracy or gentry. Other European nation-states were similar.Whatever the local law was, one thing was certain: Owning land meant income.Let me repeat that: owning land meant income.When you read those old English novels by Austen and Bronte, and it seems like nobody really had a job, that’s why: they were living on the income generated by the land they owned and the people living on it.Even when real property law in European/Western nation-states evolved and individuals really owned the land more than just the local monarch, there was the problem of a lack of frontier. There was a limited supply, and it was already owned by people. Nobody was making more of the stuff.Until some people trying to go find a better trade route bumped into a whole new chunk of it that they’d previously been unaware of.And since the folks who already owned and occupied that land weren’t white or European or Christian, the people who were white and European and Christian kind of looked the other way whilst other white, European Christians cleared the folks from that land and then those other white, European Christians all looked at each other and went, “Whaaaaaaat?! A whole continent that doesn’t have anyone on it?! SWEET!”It’s ours, boys! Ours for the taking! Manifest destiny! WOOOOO!Jon Stewart pointed this out very well, this problem that the United States has always had an entitlement mentality, in The Rumble in the Air Conditioned Auditorium back in 2012, a debate with Bill O’Reilly:We are an entitlement nation. We were born that way. We’re a country [of people] who came to another country with people already on it and went, “Yeah, I think we’ll have that. That’ll be nice.”But it wasn’t just that we wanted to come here, take resources, and leave. People wanted the land.It was well worth it to sell everything you owned, hop on a boat, and come here for that. The entry cost was essentially nothing. The requirements were (a) be alive when you get here, (b) don’t have any readily apparent communicable diseases, and at various times (c) don’t be Chinese or Asian-enough to be thought of as Chinese, a Japanese businessman or professional, black (whether free or slave - didn’t matter, you couldn’t vote, own property, etc.), Hispanic or Hispanic looking when we were at war with Spain or various Spanish-descended colonies or nations, or over the quotas for nations established in the 1920’s. This didn’t really change much until the 1950’s. For a solid 150 years of the nation’s history, this was pretty much how it was.The restrictions that did exist around immigration very much favored white people. And once you got here and got in, even if you weren’t white, it was easier for you to get that land if you were white. (I’ll get to that in a bit).What’s that? You there? What does that have to do with why it’s easier to be a white person today, you ask? Be patient. I’m getting there.Here’s the thing about land. Once you’ve got land, you’ve also got a lot of things that go with land.In the law, we talk about owning real property as having a “bundle of sticks.” [5][5][5][5] Those sticks are various rights associated with land ownership. There’s rights to alienate (sell), exploit (mineral rights, water rights, timber rights, crop rights, etc.), to improve, to occupy, and more. You can transfer those rights, in whole or in part, for a set length of time or forever.That makes it a huge asset to leverage. Land is great collateral. It’s (generally) never going down in price, it’s usually stable and not likely to go anywhere like personal property, and the chain of custody and title is usually pretty easily traceable. Who has what rights in real property is usually a matter of public record or well-recorded.It used to be that land was also essential for voting rights. If you didn’t own land, you didn’t have the right to vote. Even after that changed, land ownership still had a significant amount of voting power to it, and still does today. I laugh a little when I hear folks say that land doesn’t vote, people do, because that’s about half true. Because we have geographical representation, folks who own a lot of land also have a lot of influence in local politics, and as any congressional veteran will tell you: all politics are local.On top of that, land can be inherited. It can be passed down generationally. Even if it’s not income-generating land, it’s a huge expenditure that’s saved from occupying someone else’s land as a tenant. That means that income and wealth could be used to leverage other opportunities: education, the purchase of more land, and so forth.If your parents are more highly educated and wealthy, that vastly increases the chances that you will be highly educated and wealthy, because that status provides more networking with other people who can provide opportunity.Think about Sam Walton’s children, for example. Walton paved the way for them, not just with direct wealth transfer to them, but because they grew up knowing a lot of the right people. They could go to private schools, with the kids of other connected people. They made friendships. Later in life, they could leverage those friendships and connections for things like getting on the boards of profitable companies, which pay them a lot of money.Even if Walton put every penny he ever got from Wal-Mart into a charitable trust and his kids never saw a dime directly, it was the opportunities generated simply because that wealth existed that gave them their wealth.So, even if your parents were rich and never passed that wealth directly to you, there’s still a substantial amount of indirect benefit of just being associated with that wealth. A name might open doors that would otherwise be closed.You got a lot of opportunity.All of that snowballs through generations. And a lack of that opportunity also snowballs through generations.[6][6][6][6] (Credit to Feifei Wang for sharing this awesome explanation of privilege and how small differences in opportunity over time really stack up, and can then lead to thinking you never had or needed the snowplow in the first place.)So, if 150–250 years ago, your ancestors had land, it’s very likely that you are still indirectly benefiting from that today, even if there’s not a dollar in your bank account that can be directly traced to that land. You benefit in networking, opportunity, and the absence of sunk costs.So, if we back that all up to the original distribution of real property, policies that made it harder for non-whites to own land, or businesses, or have opportunities, or that actively dispossessed some non-whites of land, businesses, and opportunities that they already had, together massively disadvantaged non-whites.You were very much more likely to have ancestors that had that land, and the opportunities that came from the generational accumulation of opportunity, if you were white.You got to drive behind the snowplow.Fine, you say. What does that have to do with, say, a white person who immigrates today? We’ve ended most of those polices - there aren’t federal land grants, etc. anymore, right?And there’s some truth to that. If you’re a relatively recent newcomer to the U.S., this is probably less of a factor for you.But here’s the thing: you look like the people for whom that was a factor. You might have a name similar to theirs. You might speak English in a dialect that more closely matches theirs.All of that accumulated generational opportunity created something else, a snowplow of a different sort:Structural privilege“If I’d accidentally jostled the Baronet Pettur in the street while I was still barefoot and muddy, he could have horsewhipped me bloody, then called the constable to arrest me for being a public nuisance. The constable would have done it, too, with a smile and a nod.Let me try to say this more succinctly. In the Commonwealth, the gentry are people with power and money. In Vintas, the gentry have power and money and privilege. Many rules simply do not apply to them.” – Patrick Rothfuss, The Wise Man’s FearUnderstand first what privilege is. It’s not merely advantage. Privilege is the extent to which you are exempted from certain social rules.In the earlier days of the nation, there was a very overt structural privilege built on race. Literally. Under the Naturalization Act of 1790, non-whites were legally not allowed to own property, vote, or testify in court.[7][7][7][7] The notorious Dred Scott Supreme Court decision held that those of African descent could never become citizens, no matter what.[8][8][8][8]Those who argue against white privilege sometimes point to the fact that slavery was not a new institution. However, this generally fails to acknowledge that American slavery was particularly unique, and unique in its cruelty, in that it was built specifically on race and white supremacy.[9][9][9][9] Even the lowliest piece of white trash would always be systemically superior to blacks in this system.This was done purposefully because the people running that power structure were vastly outnumbered by the people they controlled. By creating a system where the people at the bottom of that power structure essentially policed themselves, the people at the top could avoid any unification and uprising against them. Whole fields of pseudo-science were created to try to prove the basis for this. Religion was corrupted to justify it.Even after the Civil War, institutional momentum tried to preserve this status quo, through black codes and Jim Crow,[10][10][10][10] through criminalization targeted at racial minorities,[11][11][11][11] and even through simple class warfare that disproportionately (and intentionally) impacted blacks more than whites.[12][12][12][12]All of this was designed for one simple purpose: to create a hidden system of social rules for non-whites that did not apply to whites, which preserved a social order of white supremacy.Today, we’ve made some strides in trying to at least legally abolish the overt structural racism. There’s various Civil Rights Acts, the Fair Housing Act, anti-poverty and affirmative action programs that are meant to balance out that generational accumulation of opportunity.Now, I didn’t actively participate in any of the creation and perpetuation of the systemic problems, for the most part. The vast majority of all this machinery was put into place long before I was ever born, and even the attempts to correct for it were started considerably before I came about.But it still exists. And I benefit from it.My life is easier because of both that generational accumulated opportunity and the systemic privilege.In terms of generational accumulated opportunity, I got to go to college. And law school. And I had a place to stay if needed, and parents who could backstop me if I had a sudden massive expense. I got a lot of these opportunities because I had parents who could afford to spend time with me as a kid, make sure that I did well in school, provided external opportunities to learn and grow, had a hobby farm where I could learn skills such as home construction, mechanical repair, woodworking, and much more.They got a lot of that opportunity to provide those opportunities for me because of the work of previous generations snowplowing the way for them.My family mostly covered my wedding, and we had numerous baby showers when my son was on his way. Just these two alone probably freed up nearly $20,000 for me. That all came from a bunch of people who all got to follow a snowplow of their own, and who could afford to put it together for us.Because of who my grandfathers and grandmothers and parents were, my name carries with it a certain reputation that opened doors. In my lifetime, there are over half a dozen employment opportunities that I got that I can directly trace to people who gave me a chance because of my family.Go back to the point where my family really started generationally accumulating that opportunity, just in the United States, and at least some of it is due to policies that advantaged them for being white.In terms of structural privilege, there are a whole host of social rules that do not apply to me because I am white.[13][13][13][13]I am far less likely to be stopped by the police.[14][14][14][14]I am far less likely for those rare, but routine police encounters to turn violent.[15][15][15][15]I am far less likely to face incarceration.[16][16][16][16]I am far less likely to be suspected of petty crimes such as shoplifting or drugs.[17][17][17][17]Nobody ever asks me where I am really from. Nobody ever suggests to me that I should head back to Germany. Nobody ever looks at me and wonders if I’m a citizen or illegal immigrant purely based on the color of my skin.If I, a lily-white Midwesterner said, “It all goes down tonight. It’s going to be a huge blast. People will be talking about this for years,” what do you picture? Could be a party, right?Go back and say it with a Middle-Eastern accent.[18][18][18][18]I’m more likely to be rented an apartment, and pay less in rent when I do.[19][19][19][19] I’m more likely to achieve upper management positions in corporations.[20][20][20][20] I’m more likely to be paid higher than equally qualified candidates of non-white ethnicities.[21][21][21][21] I’m more likely to get called back for a second interview. I’m more likely to get an interview.[22][22][22][22]Nobody asks me to buy something or leave at Starbucks, and nobody would ever call the cops on me if I didn’t.[23][23][23][23]Nobody would call the police because I was sleeping in the student lounge of the dorm I lived in.[24][24][24][24]These rules exist for people who are not white, and the application of these rules and my exemptions from them are predicated on my race. The rules my life operates on are fundamentally different than if I were not white.Now, does this mean I haven’t earned a damned thing in my life? No.Does it mean I should feel guilty over my life having been easier? Absolutely not.It just means I should recognize the ways I am following the snowplow.I didn’t make the snowplow. I didn’t hire the snowplow driver. I didn’t send the snowplow out to clear that road for me. That snowplow didn’t clear that path with me in mind in particular and would have cleared that path whether I existed or not.But now I drive on that road.It would be wrong of me to think that I earned that plowed road, or that I deserve that plowed road, or that I would have totally gotten everything I have now without that snowplow clearing the way for me, or that the snowplow never existed.It doesn’t negate what I have done, what I have earned, or the validity of the road I have traveled to acknowledge that it was a hell of a lot easier than it is for others driving down a road that hasn’t been snowplowed, or worse, plowed in.So, what does it mean?In more civilized times, we called it noblesse oblige.[25][25][25][25]I was also lucky over this weekend, because one of my family members had a snowblower that hadn’t been used in years. He was going to throw it out. He’d barely ever used it because his neighbor has an ATV with a plow on it and just does his driveway for him. I asked if I could buy it from him, and he told me to just take it. If I could get it running, it was mine.I’ve been shoveling this whole time, and it’s wearing on me. I busted up my shoulder and my back playing rugby in college, and I’m getting old and fat and out of shape. And me being outside shoveling means my wife is in the house taking care of our kid, and she’s so exhausted, I try to take whatever shifts I can.I don’t have much spare income for a snowblower right now. I’d been dreaming about one, but it just wasn’t really in the cards at the moment. And our driveway is small enough that I couldn’t justify the hundreds of dollars, even for a used one.So, this was a godsend if it worked.All I ended up having to do was clean some leaves out of the tank and put some fresh gas in, which my father in law did for me while we were visiting. It started right up and runs perfectly.When I got home from that long trip, I still had to plow out our driveway. We didn’t get nearly as much as my in-laws, but still got about 5–6 inches. And, the town had gone through with the plow and dumped a big ridge in my driveway, enough that I didn’t want to pack it down before getting my wife and son in the house. I shoveled a quick path for them, and then set to work snowblowing the driveway with my new snowblower. It took me probably a third of the time it took to shovel and was so much easier. May God smile upon the inventor of the snowblower, for he is an unsung hero of the world.Now, I could have just stopped when I done with our driveway and put it away until the next time it snows.But our neighbor is going through a divorce, and she is essentially a single mom with four kids, one of whom has some serious health issues. She’s doing everything she can to stay afloat. She doesn’t have a garage with her house, so I let her have access to our garage to use our tools like the mower and shovel.She just needs a little landing pad for her minivan and a path to her door. She’d already borrowed our shovel and cleared some of it out, but she wasn’t able to do a lot. Not a knock against her; it was that wet, heavy heart-attack snow and she doesn’t have that much time for these things.I took the snowblower over and cleared that out some more for her. I cleaned up the piles next to the end of the driveway that she might have backed into on her way out. I dug it down to the concrete pathway so it wasn’t so slick. I ground down the packed ridge from the town plow. I widened out the spot where she was parked so her kids could get in and out a little easier without having to step through the snow to get in the car.Really, it took me maybe ten minutes and twenty cents’ worth of mixed gas.For her, it would have been another half-hour of labor, or hundreds of dollars for a snowblower of her own, which she would have had no place to store.It cost me virtually nothing, because of a snowplow that I got to drive behind. It would have cost her a lot more, because she doesn’t have that particular snowplow.That’s what acknowledging that life is easier is. Nothing more, nothing less.It’s realizing that not everyone got to drive behind the snowplow.It’s advocating for others who don’t get to drive behind the snowplow to have it at least a little easier.It’s not just trying to be nice to everyone, but being good to them.It’s actively working to grant others the same kind of life you enjoy for free.It’s using your place of privilege to make the world a little better.It’s being aware that you can make the world a little better.It’s using that privilege responsibly to help pay it forward. To help plow someone else out who needs it. To make their life at least a little bit closer to as easy as you’ve got it.To make the world just a little bit more fair.I didn’t deserve that snowblower.But I have it.I might as well do some good with it.I have other pictures here, but someone will comment that it was long and there wasn’t an animal at the end. Fine. Here. Enjoy this dog who apparently snowblows the driveway.Mostly Standard Addendum and Disclaimer: read this before you comment.Every time I write about this kind of stuff, it brings out a certain segment of the population.I welcome rational, reasoned debate on the merits with reliable, credible sources.But coming on here and calling me names, pissing and moaning about how biased I am, etcetera and so forth, will result in a swift one-way frogmarch out the airlock. Doing the same to others will result in the same treatment.Essentially, act like an adult and don’t be a dick about it.This kind of nonsense:will earn a special place in the annals of mockery while they howl at the void.I’m done with warnings. If you have to consider whether or not you’re over the line, the answer is most likely yes. I’ll just delete your comment and probably block you, and frankly, I won’t lose an ounce of sleep over it.Being a special kind of dick like the one above might earn you a place in the Hall of Shame, so I suppose if you plan to be a dick, you might as well go full out and make it worthwhile.Debate responsibly.Footnotes[1] Bomb cyclone: Even bigger storm slams Minnesota this weekend[1] Bomb cyclone: Even bigger storm slams Minnesota this weekend[1] Bomb cyclone: Even bigger storm slams Minnesota this weekend[1] Bomb cyclone: Even bigger storm slams Minnesota this weekend[2] History and Overview of the Land Grant College System[2] History and Overview of the Land Grant College System[2] History and Overview of the Land Grant College System[2] History and Overview of the Land Grant College System[3] US Government Land Grants[3] US Government Land Grants[3] US Government Land Grants[3] US Government Land Grants[4] The Social Distribution of Landed Property in England Since the Sixteenth Century[4] The Social Distribution of Landed Property in England Since the Sixteenth Century[4] The Social Distribution of Landed Property in England Since the Sixteenth Century[4] The Social Distribution of Landed Property in England Since the Sixteenth Century[5] https://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/johnson2.pdf[5] https://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/johnson2.pdf[5] https://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/johnson2.pdf[5] https://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/johnson2.pdf[6] The Pencilsword: On a plate[6] The Pencilsword: On a plate[6] The Pencilsword: On a plate[6] The Pencilsword: On a plate[7] The Volatile History of U.S. Immigration[7] The Volatile History of U.S. Immigration[7] The Volatile History of U.S. Immigration[7] The Volatile History of U.S. Immigration[8] {{meta.pageTitle}}[8] {{meta.pageTitle}}[8] {{meta.pageTitle}}[8] {{meta.pageTitle}}[9] The Invention of Race | Specials | WNYC[9] The Invention of Race | Specials | WNYC[9] The Invention of Race | Specials | WNYC[9] The Invention of Race | Specials | WNYC[10] Black Codes and Pig Laws | Slavery By Another Name Bento | PBS[10] Black Codes and Pig Laws | Slavery By Another Name Bento | PBS[10] Black Codes and Pig Laws | Slavery By Another Name Bento | PBS[10] Black Codes and Pig Laws | Slavery By Another Name Bento | PBS[11] The New Jim Crow[11] The New Jim Crow[11] The New Jim Crow[11] The New Jim Crow[12] Exclusive: Lee Atwater’s Infamous 1981 Interview on the Southern Strategy[12] Exclusive: Lee Atwater’s Infamous 1981 Interview on the Southern Strategy[12] Exclusive: Lee Atwater’s Infamous 1981 Interview on the Southern Strategy[12] Exclusive: Lee Atwater’s Infamous 1981 Interview on the Southern Strategy[13] Peter Kruger's answer to Do you believe in "white privilege"? Have you ever witnessed/experienced it?[13] Peter Kruger's answer to Do you believe in "white privilege"? Have you ever witnessed/experienced it?[13] Peter Kruger's answer to Do you believe in "white privilege"? Have you ever witnessed/experienced it?[13] Peter Kruger's answer to Do you believe in "white privilege"? Have you ever witnessed/experienced it?[14] The Stanford Open Policing Project[14] The Stanford Open Policing Project[14] The Stanford Open Policing Project[14] The Stanford Open Policing Project[15] After Ferguson, black men still face the highest risk of being killed by police[15] After Ferguson, black men still face the highest risk of being killed by police[15] After Ferguson, black men still face the highest risk of being killed by police[15] After Ferguson, black men still face the highest risk of being killed by police[16] A Mass Incarceration Mystery[16] A Mass Incarceration Mystery[16] A Mass Incarceration Mystery[16] A Mass Incarceration Mystery[17] https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6419&context=jclc[17] https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6419&context=jclc[17] https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6419&context=jclc[17] https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6419&context=jclc[18] The Axis of Evil Comedy Tour (Video 2008) - IMDb[18] The Axis of Evil Comedy Tour (Video 2008) - IMDb[18] The Axis of Evil Comedy Tour (Video 2008) - IMDb[18] The Axis of Evil Comedy Tour (Video 2008) - IMDb[19] Analysis: African-Americans pay more for rent, especially in white neighborhoods[19] Analysis: African-Americans pay more for rent, especially in white neighborhoods[19] Analysis: African-Americans pay more for rent, especially in white neighborhoods[19] Analysis: African-Americans pay more for rent, especially in white neighborhoods[20] The Relationship of Race and Gender to Managers' Ratings of Promotion Potential[20] The Relationship of Race and Gender to Managers' Ratings of Promotion Potential[20] The Relationship of Race and Gender to Managers' Ratings of Promotion Potential[20] The Relationship of Race and Gender to Managers' Ratings of Promotion Potential[21] African Americans are paid less than whites at every education level[21] African Americans are paid less than whites at every education level[21] African Americans are paid less than whites at every education level[21] African Americans are paid less than whites at every education level[22] Employers' Replies to Racial Names[22] Employers' Replies to Racial Names[22] Employers' Replies to Racial Names[22] Employers' Replies to Racial Names[23] Wrongfully arrested at Philadelphia Starbucks, two black men seek to turn an injustice into good[23] Wrongfully arrested at Philadelphia Starbucks, two black men seek to turn an injustice into good[23] Wrongfully arrested at Philadelphia Starbucks, two black men seek to turn an injustice into good[23] Wrongfully arrested at Philadelphia Starbucks, two black men seek to turn an injustice into good[24] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/05/10/a-black-yale-student-fell-asleep-in-her-dorms-common-room-a-white-student-called-police/[24] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/05/10/a-black-yale-student-fell-asleep-in-her-dorms-common-room-a-white-student-called-police/[24] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/05/10/a-black-yale-student-fell-asleep-in-her-dorms-common-room-a-white-student-called-police/[24] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/05/10/a-black-yale-student-fell-asleep-in-her-dorms-common-room-a-white-student-called-police/[25] Definition of NOBLESSE OBLIGE[25] Definition of NOBLESSE OBLIGE[25] Definition of NOBLESSE OBLIGE[25] Definition of NOBLESSE OBLIGE

Subject to many exemptions and reliefs, pointers to the payers of council tax include:generally, occupiers of houses, flats and other dwellings, including owner occupiers, lessees and tenantsvacant dwellings, the owner may become liable for empty property council taxthe owner of a recently built and completed (certificated) dwelling - after being vacant for some timea sole occupant pays a proportion of the full chargestudents and certain others, people in prison do not payrelief may be proffered (perhaps rarely) on the grounds of poverty and/or hardshipexemption / relief may be available to property adapted to meet the needs of those with disabilities or not of full awareness (For instance, there have been press reports of council tax being unfairly imposed on those with later stages of a dementia.)depending on their agreement with their tenants, some landlords pay the council tax and recover itlandlords of certain types of property may find complicated arrangements, eg having persons living in hotels “suites” or in caravans on a siteI understand houseboats pay a form of council tax through mooring fees.

I’m not sure it’s a dirty little secret, but the University predates the city of Evanston by a dozen years. this being said, the university asserts a number of legal precedents. Since the Women’s Christian Temperance Union is headquartered in Evanston, the organization has fought even after prohibition was ended to keep the city a dry city (no liquor sold or served).During the 1980s the first “dampening” was allowed, but only in restaurants that had been in business greater than 5 yrs, during which time they were unable to sell liquor, but anyone buying a meal could carry in a bottle of wine or spirits, and the staff could serve it, for a fee, as the eatery assumed a legal liability for it’s patrons if they were involved in an accident while clearly intoxicatedHOWEVER, since the university charter preceeded the city charter, the university asserted they are exempt from dry laws, and indeed they won that right, and are the sole entity allowed to serve and sell alcohol in Evanston. As such, all lands owned and occupied by the university can sell and serve, including the football stadium (formerly Dyche Stadium, now Ryan Field) and the Welsh-Ryan Arena, the basketball venue just to the north of the stadium.The Greek community, almost exclusively housed on university property, enjoys a bit of that same exemption, but since they are not university venues, they may serve, but not charge for alcohol. one way around this rule is to have a private function and charge a gate fee, after which one can drink (responsibly, of course) if proof of legal age has been presented (the gatekeeper is to determine this and issue proper signifier (wristband, hand-stamp, or other non-transferrable indicator) that allows the person to get a drink served to them.How do they get alcohol in a dry town? the same way every one else does, from Chicago. Almost every liquor store at the northern edge of Chicago will deliver any large purchase to your house or apt, and if you step across into Chicago there is a liquor store on every block along that border. Still bootlegging, of a sort, but all legal now…..of course, other party patrons under the legal age of 21 will sometimes get an older person to provide them with a beer or a drink, but if spotted, both the underage drinker and the offender are escorted out and the credential stripped from them, so they may not re-enter, or attempt to return by re-purchasing a gate ticket.And every year just before finals week, since students are always under tough rigorous deadlines all year, the university and social organizations associated have a weekend blowout, known as Armadillo Day —- the largest student run music festival in the nation. Some notable acts booked in recent years, are Charlie XCX, 2Chainz, Chance the Rapper, OK GO, Wiz Khalifa , SmashMouth, Kendrick Lamar, and Nelly. The festival often involves students engaging in revelry and debauchery as an homage to the music festival culture of the 60’s and early 70s (when it was originated)Dillo DayThere is even a classic drink known as “Purple Passion” or more accurately “Purple Poison” as it includes Purple (Grape?) Kool-Aid and Either 151 rum or grain alcohol