Robert E Kennedy Library Special Collections University: Fill & Download for Free

Here’s a list of resources from Wikipedia.Some people listed are likely still living. The problem is to see if any of these living people live in your area and be willing to be interviewed or are willing to be interviewed via the internet, face-time, or skype.You might consider checking out an American History professor who specializes in the Cold War through your local community college or universityGood Luck!(Listed chronologically)Thirteen Days, Robert F. Kennedy's (died in 1968) account of the crisis, released in 1969; It became the basis for numerous films and documentaries.[123]Topaz, 1969 film by Alfred Hitchcock based on the 1967 novel by Leon Uris, set during the run-up to the crisisThe Missiles of October, 1974 TV docudrama about the crisisThe World Next Door, 1990 novel by Brad Ferguson, set in this periodQuantum Leap, 1991 TV Show, (Season 3 Episode, Nuclear Family – October 26, 1962), Sam must deal with the panic associated with the Cuban Missile Crisis as a Florida fallout shelter salesman, as well as prevent a man from being killed during a practice raid a few days after his arrival.The short film Symposium on Intelligence and the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 is available for free download at the Internet ArchiveMatinee, 1993 film starring John Goodman set during the Cuban Missile Crisis in which an independent-filmmaker decides to seize the opportunity to debut an atomic themed film.seaQuest 2032, 1995 TV Show, (Season 3 Episode, "Second Chance"), seaQuest inadvertently travels back to 1962 where their presence accidentally interferes with the Cuban Missile CrisisBlast from the Past (film), 1999 American romantic comedy film, set in the periodK-19: The Widowmaker, Docudrama about the history just before the crisisThirteen Days (film), 2000 docudrama directed by Roger Donaldson about the crisisThe Fog of War, 2003 American documentary film about the life and times of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara directed by Errol Morris, which won that years' Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature."Meditations in an Emergency", the last episode of season 2 of the television series Mad Men takes place during the crisisUr, a 2009 short novel by Stephen King released for the Amazon Kindle, is about three men who discover through a magic Kindle that in another "Ur", the Cuban Missile Crisis escalated into a nuclear war and ended that "Ur".Call of Duty: Black Ops, 2010 video game, set during and after the Cuban Missile Crisis.The Kennedys (TV miniseries), 2011 production chronicling the lives of the Kennedy family, including a dramatization of the crisisX-Men: First Class, 2011 superhero film set during the Cuban Missile Crisis, which depicts the crisis as being escalated by a group of mutants with the goal of establishing a mutant ruling class after the subsequent war.The Politics of Deception: JFK'S Secret Decisions on Vietnam, Civil Rights and Cuba. Patrick J. Sloyan, St. Martins Press, New York, 2015.The music video for My Trigger, by Miike Snow, is based loosely on the crisis.Notes[edit]Jump up^ McNamara mistakenly dates the shooting down of USAF Major Rudolf Anderson's U-2 on October 26.Jump up^ In his biography, Castro did not compare his feelings for either leader at that moment but makes it clear that he was angry with Khrushchev for failing to consult with him. (Ramonet 1978)References[edit]Jump up^ 55 лет назад на Кубу были доставлены первые советские баллистические ракеты// Департамент информации и массовых коммуникаций Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииJump up^ Len Scott; R. Gerald Hughes (2015). The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Critical Reappraisal. Taylor & Francis. p. 17.^ Jump up to:a b c Absher, Kenneth Michael (2009). "Mind-Sets and Missiles: A First Hand Account of the Cuban Missile Crisis". Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College.^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Franklin, Jane (1997). Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History. Melbourne: Ocean Press. ISBN 1-875284-92-3.Jump up^ Kempe, Frederick (2011). Berlin 1961. Penguin Group USA.Jump up^ Rodriguez (October 1989). Shadow Warrior: The CIA Hero of 100 Unknown Battles. John Weisman. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-66721-4.Jump up^ "Proclamation 3447 – Embargo on All Trade With Cuba" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. February 3, 1962.^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Correll, John T. (August 2005). "Airpower and the Cuban Missile Crisis". http://AirForce-Magazine.com. 88 (8). Retrieved May 4, 2010.Jump up^ Alexeyev, Alexandr. "Interview" (PDF). Retrieved March 30, 2013.^ Jump up to:a b Allison, Graham and Philip Zelikow (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. p. 92. ISBN 0-321-01349-2.Jump up^ Allison, Graham and Philip Zelikow (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. pp. 94–95. ISBN 0-321-01349-2.Jump up^ Allison, Graham and Philip Zelikow (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. p. 105. ISBN 0-321-01349-2.^ Jump up to:a b "The Soviet Cuban Missile Crisis: Castro, Mikoyan, Kennedy, Khruschev, and the Missiles of November". The national security archive. October 10, 2012.Jump up^ Weldes, Jutta (1999). Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-3111-7.^ Jump up to:a b c d Hansen, James H. "Soviet Deception in the Cuban Missile Crisis" (PDF). Learning from the Past. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 15, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2010.Jump up^ "Cool Crisis Management? It's a Myth, Ask JFK". The Washington Post.Jump up^ "Joint resolution expressing the determination of the United States with respect to the situation in Cuba – P.L. 87-733" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. October 3, 1962.^ Jump up to:a b c d Blight, James G.; Bruce J. Allyn; David A. Welch (2002). Cuba on the Brink: Castro, the Missile Crisis, and the Soviet Collapse; [revised for the Fortieth Anniversary] (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-2269-5.Jump up^ "The Days the World Held Its Breath". July 31, 1997. Retrieved March 4, 2010.Jump up^ Allison, Graham and Philip Zelikow (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. p. 80. ISBN 0-321-01349-2.Jump up^ Stern, Sheldon M. (2003). Averting 'the Final Failure': John F. Kennedy and the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis Meetings. Stanford University Press. p. 26.Jump up^ Zak, Anatoly (2012). "Rockets: R-12". Morristown, New Jersey: RussianSpaceWeb.com. Archivedfrom the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-21.Jump up^ "R-12 / SS-4 SANDAL". Global Security. Retrieved April 30, 2010.Jump up^ "R-14 / SS-5 SKEAN". Global Security. Retrieved April 30, 2010.Jump up^ "Interview with Sidney Graybeal – 29 January 1998". Episode 21. George Washington University, National Security Archive. March 14, 1999.Jump up^ Pedlow, Gregory, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance. CIA. 1962.Jump up^ "Project RAZOR". Taiwan Air Blog, updated April 11, 2007. Retrieved: September 14, 2009.Jump up^ "Project RAZOR". Taiwan Air Blog, updated April 15, 2007. Retrieved: September 14, 2009.Jump up^ Max Holland. "The 'Photo Gap' That Delayed Discovery of Missiles." Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 49, No. 4; published online April 15, 2007. Retrieved: March 22, 2015.Jump up^ Joseph Caddell. "Corona over Cuba: The Missile Crisis and the Early Limitations of Satellite Imagery Intelligence." Intelligence & National Security; published online February 17, 2015. Retrieved: March 22, 2015.Jump up^ Remarks by LTG Ronald L. Burgess Jr., Director, Defense Intelligence Agency. Association of Former Intelligence Officers, August 12, 2011Jump up^ "Cuban Missile Crisis". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved May 6, 2010.Jump up^ Vladislav Zubok & Constantine Pleshkov, Inside the Kremlin's Cold War, 1996, page 264, Harvard Press, Massachusetts ISBN 0-674-45532-0Jump up^ "Revelations from the Russian Archives". Library of Congress. Retrieved April 20, 2010.Jump up^ "Off the Record Meeting on Cuba: The White House". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. October 16, 1962. Retrieved August 26, 2011.Jump up^ "National Security Action Memorandum 196". JFK Presidential Library and Museum. October 22, 1962. Retrieved August 26, 2011.Jump up^ Averting The Final Failure, John F. Kennedy and the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis Meetings, Sheldon M. Stern, Stanford University Press, 2003.Jump up^ The Cuban Missile Crisis in American Memory: Myths versus Reality (Stanford Nuclear Age Series), Sheldon M. Stern, Stanford University Press, 2012Jump up^ Allison, Graham T.; Zelikow, Philip D. (1999) [1971]. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (2nd ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman. pp. 111–116. ISBN 978-0-321-01349-1.Jump up^ Kennedy, Robert (1971). Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-393-09896-9.^ Jump up to:a b Axelrod, Alan (2009). The Real History of the Cold War: A New Look at the Past. New York: Sterling Publishing Co. pp. 332, 335. ISBN 978-1-4027-6302-1. Retrieved April 22, 2010.Jump up^ Ornstein, Robert Evan (1989). New world new mind: moving toward conscious evolution. The University of Michigan, Doubleday.Jump up^ Blight, James G.; David A. Welch (1989). On the Brink: Americans and Soviets Reexamine the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-374-22634-3.Jump up^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "John F. Kennedy: "378 – The President's News Conference," September 13, 1962". The American Presidency Project. University of California – Santa Barbara.Jump up^ Kennedy, J. (December 17, 1962). "After Two Years: A conversation with the president". In 'Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy, 1962'. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office: 889–904.Jump up^ "Cuban Missile Crisis". Online Highways LLC. Retrieved May 5, 2010.^ Jump up to:a b "JFK on the Cuban Missile Crisis". The History Place. Retrieved May 3, 2010.^ Jump up to:a b "Cuban Missile Crisis". Global Security. Retrieved May 6, 2010.^ Jump up to:a b c Kamps, Charles Tustin, "The Cuban Missile Crisis", Air & Space Power Journal, AU Press, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, Fall 2007, Volume XXI, Number 3, page 88.Jump up^ "Third VP-18". Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons (PDF). 2. Naval Aviation History Office. November 9, 2000. p. 2. Retrieved January 16, 2011.Jump up^ "The Naval Quarantine of Cuba, 1962". Report on the Naval Quarantine of Cuba, Operational Archives Branch, Post 46 Command File, Box 10, Washington, DC. Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved January 25, 2011.Jump up^ Allison, Graham and Philip Zelikow (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. p. 119. ISBN 0-321-01349-2.^ Jump up to:a b Ernest R May (2011). "John F Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis". Retrieved February 7,2012. BBC History of the Cold War.^ Jump up to:a b The Naval Quarantine of Cuba, 1962: Abeyance and Negotiation, 31 October − 13 November(Report). Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center. January 2001. Retrieved August 26, 2011.Jump up^ Gibson, David R. (2012) Talk at the Brink: Deliberation and Decision during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 99–101.Jump up^ "Proclamation 3504 – Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. October 23, 1962.^ Jump up to:a b Buffet, Cyril; Touze, Vincent. "Brinkmanship". The Cuban Missile Crisis exhibition. The Caen Mémorial. Retrieved May 3, 2010.^ Jump up to:a b "1962 Year In Review: Cuban Missile Crisis". United Press International, Inc. 1962. Retrieved April 22, 2010.Jump up^ "Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy". Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963 Volume VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges Document 63. United States Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian. October 24, 1962.^ Jump up to:a b "Khruschev Letter to President Kennedy". October 24, 1962.^ Jump up to:a b c d "Chronology 1: October 26, 1962 to November 15, 1962" (PDF). The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. The National Security Archive. Retrieved April 8, 2011.Jump up^ Buffet, Cyril; Touze, Vincent. "Germany, between Cuba and Berlin". The Cuban Missile Crisis exhibition. The Caen Mémorial. Retrieved May 3, 2010.Jump up^ "Pope John Helped settle the Cuban missile crisis". The Telegraph. June 4, 1971.Jump up^ "Outright Piracy".Jump up^ Stephanie Ritter (19 October 2012). "SAC during the 13 Days of the Cuban Missile Crisis". Air Force Global Strike Command.^ Jump up to:a b Goldman, Jerry, ed. (October 8, 1997). "The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 18–29, 1962". History and Politics Out Loud. Northwestern University. Retrieved May 11, 2011.Jump up^ Sowa, Tom (September 21, 2014). "Buried treasures". The Spokesman Review. Spokane, WA. Retrieved January 26, 2017.Jump up^ Boyland, Vista; Klyne D. Nowlin (January 2012). "WW III, A Close Call" (PDF). The Intercom. 35 (1): 19–20.^ Jump up to:a b Kohn, R. H.; Harahan, J. P. (1988). "U.S. Strategic Air Power, 1948–1962: Excerpts from an Interview with Generals Curtis E. LeMay, Leon W. Johnson, David A. Burchinal, and Jack J. Catton". International Security. 12 (4): 78–95. JSTOR 2538995. doi:10.2307/2538995.Jump up^ Reynolds, K.C. "Boarding MARUCLA: A personal account from the Executive Officer of USS Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.". Retrieved June 22, 2010.Jump up^ Helms, Richard (January 19, 1962). "Memorandum for the Director of Central Intelligence: Meeting with the Attorney General of the United States Concerning Cuba" (PDF). George Washington University, National Security Archive.Jump up^ Проблемы борьбы с лженаукой (обсуждение в Президиуме РАН), quote:"Документы заседания Президиума ЦК КПСС весьма лаконичны, но благодаря тому, что в архиве я нашел выписку из решения Президиума ЦК КПСС, слово в слово совпадающую с тем, что обсуждалось на встрече разведчика с журналистом, стало совершенно очевидно, кто был истинным автором плана урегулирования Карибского кризиса."Jump up^ "Chronology 1: September 28, 1962 to October 26, 1962" (PDF). The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. The National Security Archive. Retrieved April 9, 2011.Jump up^ "Department of State Telegram Transmitting Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy". The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. 26 October 1962. Retrieved 9 April 2011.Jump up^ Brandon, Henry (October 28, 1962). "Attack us at your Peril, Cocky Cuba Warns US". The Sunday Times. London.Jump up^ Goldberg, Jeffrey (September 8, 2010). "Cuban model no longer works, says Fidel Castro". BBC.Jump up^ Baggins, Brian. "Cuban History Missile Crisis". Marxist History: Cuba (1959 – present). Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved May 7, 2010.Jump up^ Christopher, Andrew (March 1, 1996). For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush. Harper Perennial. p. 688. ISBN 978-0-06-092178-1.Jump up^ "The Week The World Stood Still: Inside The Secret Cuban Missile Crisis" By Sheldon M. Stern, 2012Jump up^ Dorn, A. Walter; Pauk, Robert (April 2009). "Unsung Mediator: U Thant and the Cuban Missile Crisis". Diplomatic History. 33 (2): 261–292. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2008.00762.x.Jump up^ Pocock, Chris. 50 Years of the U-2: The Complete Illustrated History of the 'Dragon Lady'. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-7643-2346-1. LCCN 2005927577.Jump up^ "Was Castro Out of Control In 1962?".Jump up^ Fontova, Humberto. "Raul Castro meets with Bill Clinton in New York (To Thank Him?)".Jump up^ "An Act of Terrorism by Castro, An Abortion of Justice by Obama".Jump up^ "U-2 Pilot Maj. Rudy Anderson: The Only American Killed During the Cuban Missile Crisis – Defense Media Network".Jump up^ Robert McNamara (2004) [1964]. Interview included as special feature on Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (DVD). Columbia Tristar Home Entertainment.Jump up^ Frey, Jennifer (January 14, 2007). "At Yenching Palace, Five Decades of History to Go". Washington Post. Retrieved December 27, 2008.Jump up^ Gibson, David R. (2012) Talk at the Brink: Deliberation and Decision during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–56.Jump up^ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges – Office of the Historian". Office of the Historian.Jump up^ Evans, Michael. "The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: Audio Clips".Jump up^ "The Submarines of October". George Washington University, National Security Archive. Retrieved May 1, 2010.Jump up^ "The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: Press Release, 11 October 2002, 5:00 pm". George Washington University, National Security Archive. October 11, 2002. Retrieved October 26, 2008.Jump up^ Dobbs, Michael (June 2008). "Why We Should Still Study the Cuban Missile Crisis" (PDF). Special Report 205. United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved August 26, 2011.Jump up^ Schoenherr, Steven (April 10, 2006). "The Thirteen Days, October 16–28, 1962". Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2010.Jump up^ Blight, James G. and Janet M. Lang (2012). "The Armageddon Letters: Kennedy, Khrushchev, Castro in the Cuban Missile Crisis". Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-1679-2.Jump up^ Taubman, William (2004). Khrushchev: The Man and His Era. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 573. ISBN 978-1-4422-1679-2.Jump up^ Jim Hershberg (Spring 1995). "Anatomy of a Controversy:Anatoly F. Dobrynin's Meeting With Robert F. Kennedy, Saturday, 27 October 1962". Retrieved May 29, 2012.Jump up^ Johnson, Dominic D. P. Failing to Win p. 105^ Jump up to:a b Faria, Miguel A. (2002). Cuba in Revolution: Escape from a Lost Paradise. Macon, GA: Hacienda Pub. ISBN 978-0-9641077-3-1.Jump up^ Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. "Memorandum for the President: Post Mortem on Cuba, Oct. 29, 1962 – full textJump up^ "Radio and television remarks on dismantling of Soviet missile bases in Cuba, 2 November 1962". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.Jump up^ Glover, Jonathan (2000). Humanity: a moral history of the twentieth century. Yale University Press. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-300-08700-0. Retrieved July 2, 2009.Jump up^ Schlesinger, Arthur (2002). Robert Kennedy and his times. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 1088. ISBN 978-0-618-21928-5. Retrieved July 2, 2009.Jump up^ Garthoff, Raymond L. (July 1988). "Did Khrushchev Bluff in Cuba? No". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. pp. 40–43. Retrieved January 25, 2011.Jump up^ William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (2004) p. 579.^ Jump up to:a b c Ignacio, Ramonet (2007). Fidel Castro: My Life. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-102626-8.Jump up^ "Militaryhistory.about.com".Jump up^ Lloyd, Alwyn T., "Boeing's B-47 Stratojet", Specialty Press, North Branch, Minnesota, 2005, ISBN 978-1-58007-071-3, page 178.Jump up^ "Aviation Safety".Jump up^ Melman, Seymour (1988). The Demilitarized Society: Disarmament and Conversion. Montreal: Harvest House.Jump up^ Hersh, Seymour (1978). The Dark Side of Camelot.^ Jump up to:a b "Arms Control Today". Arms Control Association. November 1, 2002.Jump up^ Evans, Michael. "The Submarines of October". 30+ Years of Freedom of Information Action. Retrieved 2016-10-24.Jump up^ Dobbs, Michael (2008). One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4358-3.Jump up^ Allison, Graham (2012). "The Cuban Missile Crisis at 50". Foreign Affairs. 91 (4). Retrieved 9 July2012.Jump up^ "ВЗГЛЯД / «США и Россия: кризис 1962-го»".^ Jump up to:a b c Matthews, Joe. "Cuban missile crisis: The other, secret one". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 13 October 2012.Jump up^ Priscilla Roberts (2012). Cuban Missile Crisis: The Essential Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 267.Jump up^ Jim Willis (2010). 100 Media Moments that Changed America. ABC-CLIO. pp. 97–99.Jump up^ Sheldon Stern (2012). The Cuban Missile Crisis in American Memory: Myths versus Reality. Stanford University Press. p. viii.Jump up^ William H. Cohn, "History for the masses: Television portrays the past." Journal of Popular Culture 10#2 (1976) pp: 280–289.Jump up^ Andrei Kozovoi, "Dissonant Voices" Journal of Cold War Studies (2014) 16#3 pp 29–61.Jump up^ Haruya Anami, "'Thirteen Days' Thirty Years After: Robert Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited," Journal of American & Canadian Studies (1994) Issue 12, pp 69–88.Further reading[edit]Allison, Graham; Zelikow, Philip (1999). Essence of Decision, Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 0-321-01349-2.Barrett, David M. and Max Holland (2012). Blind Over Cuba: The Photo Gap and the Missile Crisis. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2012.Chayes, Abram (1974). The Cuban Missile Crisis. International crises and the role of law. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-825320-4.Diez Acosta, Tomás (2002). October 1962: The "Missile" Crisis As Seen from Cuba. New York: Pathfinder. ISBN 978-0-87348-956-0.Divine, Robert A. (1988). The Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: M. Wiener Pub. ISBN 978-0-910129-15-2.Dobbs, Michael (2008). One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-7891-2.Feklisov, Aleksandr; Kostin, Sergueï (2001). The Man Behind the Rosenbergs: By the KGB Spymaster Who Was the Case Officer of Julius Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs, and Helped Resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-08-7.Frankel, Max (2004). High Noon in the Cold War: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-46505-4.Fursenko, Aleksandr; Naftali, Timothy J. (1998). One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31790-9.Fursenko, Aleksandr (Summer 2006). "Night Session of the Presidium of the Central Committee, 22–23 October 1962". Naval War College Review. 59 (3).George, Alice L. (2003). Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans Faced the Cuban Missile Crisis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2828-1.Gibson, David R. (2012). Talk at the Brink: Deliberation and Decision during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15131-1.Gonzalez, Servando (2002). The Nuclear Deception: Nikita Khrushchev and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Oakland, CA: Spooks Books. ISBN 978-0-9711391-5-2.Jones, Milo; Silberzahn, Philppe (2013). Constructing Cassandra, Reframing Intelligence Failure at the CIA, 1947–2001. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804793360.Khrushchev, Sergei (October 2002). "How My Father And President Kennedy Saved The World". American Heritage. 53 (5).Polmar, Norman; Gresham, John D. (2006). DEFCON-2: Standing on the Brink of Nuclear War During the Cuban Missile Crisis. Foreword by Tom Clancy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-67022-3.Pope, Ronald R. (1982). Soviet Views on the Cuban Missile Crisis: Myth and Reality in Foreign Policy Analysis. Washington, DC: Univ. Press of America. ISBN 978-0-8191-2584-2.Pressman, Jeremy (2001). "September Statements, October Missiles, November Elections: Domestic Politics, Foreign-Policy Making, and the Cuban Missile Crisis". Security Studies. 10 (3): 80–114. doi:10.1080/09636410108429438.Russell, Bertrand (1963). Unarmed Victory. London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-04-327024-7.Stern, Sheldon M. (2003). Averting 'the Final Failure': John F. Kennedy and the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis Meetings. Stanford nuclear age series. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4846-9.Stern, Sheldon M. (2005). The Week the World Stood Still: Inside the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis. Stanford nuclear age series. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5077-6.Stern, Sheldon M. (2012). The Cuban Missile Crisis in American Memory: Myths versus Reality. Stanford nuclear age series. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.Trahair, Richard C. S.; Miller, Robert L. (2009). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-75-9.Matthews, Joe (October 2012). "Cuban missile crisis: The other, secret one". BBC.Historiography[edit]Allison, Graham T. (September 1969). "Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis". American Political Science Review. 63 (3): 689–718. JSTOR 1954423.Dorn, A. Walter; Pauk, Robert (April 2009). "Unsung Mediator: U Thant and the Cuban Missile Crisis". Diplomatic History. 33 (2): 261–292. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2008.00762.x.Garthoff, Raymond L. (Spring 2004). "Foreign Intelligence and the Historiography of the Cold War". Journal of Cold War Studies. Project MUSE. 6 (2): 21–56. ISSN 1520-3972. doi:10.1162/152039704773254759.Gibson, David R. (2011). "Avoiding Catastrophe: The Interactional Production of Possibility during the Cuban Missile Crisis". The American Journal of Sociology. 117 (2): 361–419. JSTOR 10.1086/661761.Jones, John A.; Jones, Virginia H. (Spring 2005). "Through the Eye of the Needle: Five Perspectives on the Cuban Missile Crisis". Rhetoric & Public Affairs. Project MUSE. 8 (1): 133–144. doi:10.1353/rap.2005.0044.Jones, Milo; Silberzahn, Philppe (2013). Constructing Cassandra, Reframing Intelligence Failure at the CIA, 1947–2001. Stanford University Press. pp. 135–191. ISBN 978-0804793360.Lebow, Richard Ned (October 1990). "Domestic Politics and the Cuban Missile Crisis: The Traditional and Revisionist Interpretations Reevaluated". Diplomatic History. 14 (4): 471–492. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1990.tb00103.x.Primary sources[edit]Chang, Laurence; Kornbluh, Peter, eds. (1998). "Introduction". The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: A National Security Archive Documents Reader (2nd ed.). New York: New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-474-2."Cuban Missile Crisis". JFK in History. John F. Kennedy Library."Cuban Missile Crisis 1962". Presidential Recordings Program. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia."Cuban Missile Crisis". Wilson Center Digital Archive. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.Keefer, Edward C.; Sampson, Charles S.; Smith, Louis J., eds. (1996). Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath. Foreign relations of the United States, 1961–1963. XI. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-045210-4.Kennedy, Robert F. (1969). Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31834-0.May, Ernest R.; Zelikow, Philip D., eds. (2002) [1997]. The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (2nd ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32259-0.McAuliffe, Mary S., ed. (October 1992). "CIA Documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962" (PDF). Historical Review Program. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency."The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: The 40th Anniversary". National Security Archive: Special Exhibits. Gelman Library: The George Washington University."The World On the Brink: John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis". Interactive Exhibits. John F. Kennedy Library.Gavrov, Sergei (ed.). "America and Russia: The Crisis of 1962. On the 50th anniversary of the missile crisis". Moscow: Vzglyad (Russia).Dallek, Robert. "If We Listen to Them, None of Us Will Be Alive." In Camelot's Court, 279–334. New York: HarperCollins, 2013.Lesson plans[edit]"Cuban Missile Crisis". Slideshows for Educators. Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State.Moser, John; Hahn, Lori (July 15, 2010). "The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: 'The Missiles of October'". EDSITEment: Lesson Plans. National Endowment for the Humanities.External links[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cuban Missile Crisis."Cuban Missile Crisis", 2012, Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center's 50th anniversary of the crisis – commemorative websiteCuban Missile Crisis: Операция Анадырь (Operation Anadyr) on FlickrCuban Missile Crisis and the Fallout from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives"Cuban Missile Crisis". Topics. History Channel. 2011."Cuban Missile Crisis". Nuclear Weapons History: Cold War. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation."Cuban Missile Crisis Bibliography". Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues.Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962October 1962: DEFCON 4, DEFCON 3Spartacus Educational(UK): Cuban Missile CrisisDocument – Britain's Cuban Missile CrisisNo Time to Talk: The Cuban Missile CrisisThe 32nd Guards Air Fighter Regiment in Cuba (1962–1963) S.Isaev.The short film Symposium on Intelligence and the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 (1992) is available for free download at the Internet ArchiveThe Woodrow Wilson Center's Digital Archive has a collection of primary source archival documents on the Cuban Missile Crisis.EDSITEment lesson plan Cuban Missile CrisisEDSITEment Cuban Missile Crisis InteractiveCuban Missile Crisis: Three Men Go To War Documentary produced by PBSThe Armageddon Letters, a transmedia storytelling of the crisis with animated short films and other digital contentThe Man Who Saved the World Documentary produced by PBS Series Secrets of the Dead

No, as there will always be a need for persons who can explain sophisticated concepts to the vast herd of right-handed people.- -Lifestyle50 Famous Left-Handed People Who Changed the WorldMary Shustack, August 11, 2020** Lefties Rule **Quora required Attribution: 21 Things You Didn't Know About Left-Handed People .“”””” The world's left-handed people have always been in the minority — southpaws make up just about 10 percent of the population. Being in the minority didn't hold back countless left-handers through history who have made their mark. Next time you're tempted to tease a lefty for doing something "backward," remember this list of the vast and varied achievements of left-handed people throughout history. Take that, righties!Related: 21 Things You Didn't Know About Left-Handed People50 Famous Left-Handed People Who Changed the World!Related: 21 Things You Didn't Know About Left-Handed PeopleBabe RuthDecades after his death, the man born George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. (1895-1948) remains perhaps the most famous Major League Baseball player of all time, a feat considering his early days found him using mitts designed for right-handed players. "The Bambino" played 22 seasons, most notably for the New York Yankees, setting records that still stand today.United States Library of CongressAlbert EinsteinStill don't understand E = mc2? Don't worry. You're not Albert Einstein, after all. The German-born physicist (1879-1955) and southpaw developed the theory of relativity — an integral component of modern physics.Wikimedia CommonsHelen KellerThe American author, political activist, and lecturer was the first deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree. Helen Keller (1880-1968) has also inspired generations with her fortitude and her dedication to causes including women's suffrage and labor rights. Her words, continue to inspire: "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched — they must be felt with the heart."Wikimedia CommonsBarack ObamaIn 2014, Time magazine put the first African-American president at the top of its list of top 10 lefties. And he isn't the only left-handed POTUS. Others include Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush, Ronald Reagan, and Gerald Ford.Wikimedia CommonsLewis CarrollThe English writer born Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-1890) also gained attention as a mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon, and photographer. Among this literary lefty's classic works are "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass."s_bukley/depositphotosOprah WinfreyThe American media mogul born 1954 in Mississippi has made her mark with a career in news, entertainment, and philanthropy. She has funded scholarships and grants to nonprofits through her Oprah Angel Network in addition to having her own TV network, OWN.s_bukley/depositphotosNeil ArmstrongForget about being one of the most outstanding southpaws on Earth. Astronaut and aeronautical engineer Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) was, of course, the first person to walk on the moon — one giant leap for leftykind.Frederic Legrand - COMEO/shutterstockBill GatesBill Gates (born 1955) has been described as an American business magnate and was the principal founder of Microsoft Corp. The multi-billionaire is equally noted for his philanthropic and humanitarian work, most notably through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Wikimedia CommonsMarie CurieMarie Sklodowska Curie (1867-1934) was born in Warsaw and made her name in France as a physicist and chemist who completed groundbreaking research on radioactivity — earning her the distinction of being the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her many achievements include developing mobile units that allowed field hospitals to have X-ray services during World War I.Mark Twain by United States Library of Congress (None)Mark TwainSamuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910) is better known by his pen name, and for being the author of seminal books including "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." An American legend, he was dubbed "the father of American literature" by William Faulkner.Wikimedia CommonsWolfgang Amadeus MozartMozart (1756-1791) was one of the most influential composers of the Classical era. The Salzburg, Austria-born musical genius wrote music that continues to delight audiences across the globe centuries after his death.Jaguar PS ShutterstockPaul McCartneyThe famous Beatle, a Liverpudlian born in 1942, is considered one of songwriting's best, along with the late John Lennon. Paul McCartney's dedication to charitable efforts — he and his late wife, Linda, were famous for their animal-rights efforts — is an integral part of his story.Related: 22 Locations From Famous Songs That You Can Actually Visits_bukley/depositphotosRingo StarrSir Richard Starkey (born 1940) made history as part of the Fab Four — a left-handed drummer playing a right-handed kit in his own inimitable way. This Beatle helped raise the profile of the drummer as an integral member of a band.bossmoss/depositphotosLady GagaMock the singer born Stephanie Germanotta in 1986 for wearing a meat dress at the 2010 MTV VMAs, but you can't fault her sheer talent or unwavering awareness and activism, most notably her support of the LGBTQ community through her Born This Way Foundation.Wikimedia CommonsLeonardo Da VinciThe 15th-century Italian Renaissance man was was involved in invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He's also the guy who painted one of the world's most famous works, the "Mona Lisa."s_bukley/depositphotosMatt GroeningMatt Groening (born 1954) is a cartoonist best known for "The Simpsons," the show that will seemingly go on forever. If you watch Bart Simpson write on the chalkboard at the start of every episode, you'll note he's a lefty, as is character Ned Flanders, who created the Leftorium, which specialized in products for left-handed people.Debby Wong/shutterstockJerry SeinfeldThe stand-up comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director born in 1954 is best known for playing himself in "Seinfeld," the sitcom that delighted audiences for a decade. Its catchphrases (re-gifting, close talker, sponge-worthy, "No soup for you," "yada yada yada") have become part of the American lexicon.Larry Bird by Kurt Shimala (CC BY-SA)Larry BirdLarry Bird (born 1956) is a 6-foot-9 lefty who rose to fame as a pro basketball player with the Boston Celtics, where he led the team to NBA championships while earning personal MVP honors. He'd also go on to coach and serve in team administration, while doing a lot of charity work, often under-the-radar.Wikimedia CommonsJulius CaesarHail the Roman politician (100-44 BC) and military general who was instrumental in the rise of the Roman Empire. He also became the first historical Roman to be officially deified.Wikimedia CommonsLudwig Van BeethovenThe German composer and pianist (1770-1827) is considered one of the most influential composers of all time. His work played a crucial role in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras of music.s_bukley/depositphotosSpike LeeThe Atlanta-born director (1957) who came of age in Brooklyn made his mark on the film industry with his 1986 breakthrough, "She's Gotta Have It." The film cost less than $200,000 and earned $7 million. It led to Lee founding his own production company and making socially conscious films including "Malcolm X" and "Do the Right Thing."PopularImages/depositphotosSylvester StalloneBoth Sylvester Stallone (born 1946) and his alter ego Rocky Balboa are left-handed marvels. The actor created a signature character whose props are part of the Smithsonian Museum collection. He also raised the steps at the Philadelphia Museum of Art to iconic status.Wikimedia CommonsHenry FordIf it weren't for this man (1863-1947), we might still be getting around with horses and buggies. He founded Ford Motor Co. and sponsored the development of the assembly line, which enabled the mass production of automobiles and manufactured the first car that was affordable to many middle-class Americans.Wikimedia CommonsJack the RipperThey might not know his exact identity, but forensics determined the serial killer who terrorized London in the late 19th century was most likely a left-hander. His infamous legacy continues to haunt.Wikimedia CommonsTy Cobb"The Georgia Peach" (1886-1961) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who certainly made his mark on the game, receiving the most votes of any player in the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot. He's credited with setting nearly 100 MLB records, too.Alexander the GreatAlexander III of Macedon (356-323 BC) was a rock star of ancient Greece. Known as Alexander the Great, he was a king who created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of 30.Martina Navrátilová ! Photo taken from ECM Prague Open 2006 by Michal.Pohorelsky (CC BY)Martina NavratilovaOne of tennis' most successful players of all time, Czech-born Martina Navratilova (1956) made her mark in both singles and doubles play across the globe. She became an American citizen and has transitioned to a role as author and activist.Jean-Paul GaultierThe French fashion designer (born 1952) is known for haute couture and ready-to-wear fashions that combine high style with a playful attitude. Having served as the creative director of Hermès for a spell, he's a singular force perhaps best known for man-kilts and using unconventional models long before it became "a thing."AristotleThe ancient Greek philosopher and scientist (384-322 BC) is considered one of the fathers of Western philosophy, along with Plato. Aristotle is a subject of academic study today, even though only a third of his works survive.FLDphotos/istockphotoMark ZuckerbergMark Zuckerberg (born 1984) is certainly getting his share of attention these days — you can't miss the spotlight on his star creation, Facebook. The bad press has overshadowed the Harvard-educated tech entrepreneur's extensive philanthropy work, at least for now.Related: The 50 Greatest American Inventions of the Past 50 YearsNational Portrait GalleryNapoleon BonaparteThe French statesman and military leader (1769-1821) rose to prominence during the French Revolution and died in exile. While he was deemed short by British newspapers at the time (and modern-day historians), he was actually the average height of a Frenchman.Related: 50 Facts You Learned in School That Are Actually LiesPhoto of Richard Pryor. by Alan Light (CC BY)Richard PryorThe American stand-up comedian, actor, and social critic (1940-2005) was known for his examinations of racism and other contemporary topics — always telling it like it was. And for that, he was the recipient of countless awards and an enduring legacy.Jean_Nelson/depositphotosBuzz AldrinWhat's with left-handed astronauts? Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. (born 1930), an American engineer, astronaut, and command pilot in the United States Air Force, was, with Neil Armstrong, one of the first two humans to land on the moon.Winston ChurchillKeep calm and give kudos to Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (1874-1965), the one-of-a-kind figure Gary Oldman so notably brought to life for a new generation in the film "Darkest Hour." Churchill was the British prime minister (1940-45 and 1951-55), notable for guiding Britain through World War II and on to victory.John F. Kennedy Jr.John-John (1960-1999) captured America's heart with his brave childhood salute to his father's casket — and would go on to become a noted American lawyer, journalist, magazine publisher, and pilot. His own life ended in a tragic plane crash.Wikimedia CommonsCharlie ChaplinThe British silent-film star (1889-1977) reached worldwide fame playing the character of the Little Tramp. But there's nothing little about his legacy: Chaplin's considered one of the most important figures in the history of film.MichelangeloWhen the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City presented "Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer," the exhibition broke records — a testament to the enduring legacy of the Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet born in 1475 as Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni. The name may be a mouthful, but the High Renaissance master had an outsize influence on the development of Western art.David BowieThe singer, songwriter, actor, and all-around artistic genius was born David Jones in 1947. He left fans around the globe and those he influenced in all fields reeling with his 2016 death from liver cancer.photoworksmedia/depositphotosJohn McEnroeThe star player born in 1959 turned the reserved game of tennis upside down with his on-court tantrums. As successful as he was volatile, John McEnroe was one bad boy who had the goods to back up his antics.Angelina JolieTabloid drama seems to follow the Academy Award-winning actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie (born 1975), but her humanitarian work may eventually stand as testament to her true calling. She has worked in war-ravaged countries, supported refugees, been involved in conservation, and had an active role with the United Nations for years.Jimi HendrixIt's said that breakthrough guitarist Jimi Hendrix (1942-70) was a naturally left-handed player, but his father believed that playing left-handed was a sign of the devil, so he tried to force the rising star to change. Ultimately, Hendrix rocked out as he was meant to — from Woodstock right into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.Michael Ochs Archives / Stringer / Getty Images CCKurt CobainThe man who not only changed Seattle sound but brought grunge to the world with Nirvana, Kurt Cobain (1967-1994) was a right-hander who played his guitar left-handed. No one knows why — but no one can question the success of that choice.Michael Ochs Archives / Stringer / Getty Images CCLenny BruceThe risqué comic (1925-1966) was a performer who pushed the envelope — and it led to his conviction in 1964 in an obscenity trial. His influence has been noted on those who followed, from Richard Pryor to George Carlin.David LettermanThe Indiana-born talk-show host, writer, comedian, and producer (born 1947) changed the face of late-night TV with his singular sense of humor, running jokes, rapport with guests, and wacky bits. He hosted late-night TV shows for an impressive 33 years.John Lydon by Shell Smith (CC BY-SA)John LydonThe British singer, songwriter, and musician (born 1956) rose to fame as Johnny Rotten, the frontman of the punk band Sex Pistols. The short-lived band had little recorded output but was influential enough to be inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2006.Steve JobsEntrepreneur Steve Jobs (1955-2011) made history as the chairman, chief executive, and co-founder of Apple Inc. The computer pioneer died of neuroendocrine cancer of the pancreas.Ruth Bader Ginsburg"Notorious RBG" — or, more formally, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Ruth Bader Ginsburg — (born 1933) is a woman of many firsts who fights for gender equality and women's rights.Caitlyn JennerThe reality star and gender transition champion was born Bruce Jenner in 1949. While identifying publicly as a male, he gained international attention as a 1976 Olympic gold-medal winner in the decathlon. Today, this left-hander is perhaps the most famous openly transgender woman in the world.Gordon RamsayThe foul-mouthed chef born in 1966 has certainly made a mark on American and British TV. This lefty is not one to mince words — the broadcast landscape found one of its most polarizing figures.Wikimedia CommonsJoan of ArcThe medieval French peasant girl known as the Maid of Orléans (1412-1431) was fueled by a conviction that God had chosen her to lead her country to victory in its war with England — and she indeed took a leading role in the war. Later, though, she was convicted for witchcraft and heresy and burned at the stake. Canonization followed nearly five centuries later. Although handwriting analysis suggests that Joan of Arc was left-handed, and she was often depicted in artwork carrying her sword in her left hand, some say she may have been characterized as left-handed to discredit her at a time when left-handedness was regarded as a curse.21 Things You Didn't Know About Left-Handed PeopleDanny Jensen, August 11, 2020On the Other HandLeft-handed people, who account for roughly 10 percent of the world's population, experience distinct challenges, benefits, and quirks of daily life that most right-handed people usually never even consider. Over the years, there have been plenty of myths and theories — both good and bad — about what it's like to be a lefty in a right-handed world. Here are some fun and fascinating facts that you might not know about being left-handed — even if you were born a southpaw yourself, like many celebrated lefties.A 'Sinister' HistoryFor centuries in many cultures, left-handed people were considered unlucky, weak, crooked, and even evil — the word "sinister" even comes from the Latin word for left. In the Middle Ages, lefties were associated with the devil and often accused of witchcraft, and even as recently as the 20th century, left-handed students were forced to learn to use their right hand. Thankfully, perceptions about lefties have greatly improved in recent years.There Are Potential Health Risks for Lefties ...Numerous studies over the years have suggested that left-handed people are more prone to certain conditions, including dyslexia, ADHD, and psychological disorders. While the exact reasons why lefties are more prone to these conditions are still being studied, some scientists believe it has to do with how the brain operates differently for righties and lefties. Meanwhile, other studies have shown little evidence linking left-handedness and disorders such as schizophrenia, so the jury's still out.... But There Are Also Health BenefitsOn the positive side, plenty of studies have shown that being left-handed doesn't have an effect on general health. And in some cases, researchers have found that lefties are less prone to develop certain health conditions, including lower rates of ulcers and arthritis.Artjafara/istockphotoLefties 'Do It' BetterAny time someone says something negative about a lefty, southpaws can always point to a survey that suggests lefties have better sex than righties. Of 10,000 people surveyed, only 15 percent of right-handed people reported being "extremely satisfied" with their sex lives, whereas 86 percent of lefties said they were "extremely satisfied."There's a Presidential PreferenceIf you're a lefty, you may want to consider running for president. Several recent U.S. presidents were lefties, including Barack Obama, Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush, and Gerald Ford. Ronald Reagan is said to have been ambidextrous. Further back, James Garfield, Herbert Hoover and Harry Truman were also left-handed. Some scientists theorize lefties are capable of a wider scope of thinking, which makes for a great presidential quality.Everyday Tasks Can Be DifficultLefties are often faced with the daily challenge of having to use devices and everyday items that were made for righties, including scissors, can openers, ice cream scoopers, credit card swipers, zippers, computer mouses, school desks and the list goes on. Sure, they make left-handed versions of some of these things, but good luck finding them in most stores.Writing Can Be a StruggleIf you've ever watched a lefty write, you'll notice they often smudge their writing as they move their hand over it from left to right — or they're forced to twist their hand awkwardly to avoid doing so. And let's not forget about the discomfort of having to rest your hand on a conventional spiral-bound notebook in school as a lefty. While it's certainly a challenge that can be overcome with practice, the fact that most of us type on a computer these days is a win for smudged and sore lefties.Lefties Are Great at MathIt seems calculating may be much easier for most lefties than writing as studies have shown left-handed people are often better at solving math problems. A recent study showed that left-handed students scored between 5 percent and 10 percent higher than their right-handed counterparts on complex math tests. Lefties are thought to be great problem solvers because they typically use more of the right side of the brain — which is associated with abstract thoughts and spatial reasoning — than righties do.Featureflash Photo Agency/shutterstockThere Are Plenty of Celebrity Lefties ...You may not know it unless you asked for their autograph, but many of the biggest celebrities are left-handed. Famous southpaws on screen include Jennifer Lawrence, Tom Cruise, Angelina Jolie, Robert De Niro, and Morgan Freeman. Left-handed musical stars include Lady Gaga, Justin Bieber, and Eminem.... And Left-Handed Guitar LegendsA limited availability of left-handed guitars often forces lefties to restring right-handed guitars, learn to play right-handed or fork over more money for costlier left-handed guitars. But those that play left-handed have plenty of rock legends to idolize, including Paul McCartney, and late greats like Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, and surf rock pioneer Dick Dale.Many Innovators, Artists, and Thinkers Are and Have Been Left-HandedThroughout the centuries, many of our most celebrated thinkers and artists have been lefties. From Aristotle to Leonardo Da Vinci, Albert Einstein to Marie Curie, Bill Gates to Oprah Winfrey, our world would be a very a different place without the numerous notable lefties.There's Creativity on the LeftThe lengthy list of artistic lefties, and strong connection lefties have to the right side of the brain — which is linked to creativity — has reinforced the idea that lefties are more creative. But that connection may be more anecdotal than factual. What scientists have found is that lefties tend to be better at divergent thinking, allowing them to think of more possible solutions to a problem than just the obvious. It's a skill that can certainly help with creative thinking.Aspen Photo/shutterstockSouthpaws Dominate in SportsLefties — also known as southpaws — have an advantage over right-handed opponents in certain sports, especially one-on-one showdowns in boxing, tennis, and baseball. Because lefties account for only 10 percent of the population, righties don't train against lefties as often and are less comfortable facing off against them. Conversely, lefties are used to being in the minority and can adjust more easily, giving them a competitive edge.ARIMAG/shutterstockBut Sports Equipment Can Be ChallengingSince most sports equipment is mostly made with the majority of righties in mind, lefties can have a hard time finding equipment for certain sports. Golf clubs, hockey sticks, and baseball gloves made for lefties are often in short supply, so many lefties are stuck with a limited selection or have to special order their equipment.Andrea Izzotti/shutterstockThe Notion That Lefties Have Shorter Lifespans Is a MythFor years, lefties were thought to have shorter lifespans than righties, thanks to a 1991 study that suggested they died younger. The study also said it was due in part to driving accidents, leading people to think that lefties were bad drivers. More recent studies, however, have since debunked those theories, and it's now generally accepted that handedness doesn't directly affect one's lifespan (or driving skills).Your Brain Has Nothing to Do With ItScientist have long thought that being born left- or right-handed is determined by more activity in the left or right hemispheres of our brain during fetal development. But a new study suggests that gene activity in the spinal cord actually determines which hand will be dominant, long before the part of the brain responsible for movement — the motor cortex — is functionally linked to the spinal cord, and could have more to do with environmental factors than inherited genetic traits.The Awkward Dinner GuestIf you're a lefty or you've ever sat next to one at dinner, you know that elbow space can be at a premium. Lefties usually end up bumping their left elbow into their right-handed neighbor's elbow when they eat — not to mention spilling your drink when you collide with righties.Left Hand Is a Place by Jimmy Emerson, DVM (CC BY)Left Hand Is a Place You Can VisitWant to celebrate your southpaw status? Consider visiting Left Hand, an unincorporated community in West Virginia. Unfortunately, however, there isn't a festival dedicated to left-handedness or even a Leftorium — the town was named after a nearby creek, Lefthand Run.Left Handedness Has a Holiday by Dubaj~commonswiki (CC BY)Left Handedness Has a HolidayAug. 13 is International Lefthanders Day. The special day for southpaws was first observed in 1976 by the founder of Lefthanders International Inc., Dean R. Campbell, and was created to raise awareness of the advantages of disadvantages of being a lefty in a predominantly right-handed world.Your Dog Could Be a LeftieA study overseen by James Cook University Townsville veterinary lecturer Janice Lloyd found that almost 50 percent of dogs favored their left paws. Another fun fact? Kangaroos appear to be almost exclusively left-pawed.Older Women Have More Left-Handed BabiesAccording to one Canadian study, women in their 30s and 40s were far more likely to have left-handed children than younger women. A study of 2,228 college freshmen found that those whose mothers were aged 40 and over when they were born had more than twice the rate of left-handedness as those with moms who had them at 30 or younger””””, 21 Things You Didn't Know About Left-Handed People .Attributon: 21 Things You Didn't Know About Left-Handed People .

To begin, read and consider this:This is a huge list:List of LGBT writers - WikipediaTimeline of South Asian and diasporic LGBT historyof poetry that includes a defence of homosexuality, citing renowned philosophers, poets and other luminaries across the East and the West who were homosexual158 KB (13,405 words) - 00:22, 29 April 2017One Hundred Years of Homosexuality - WikipediaThis is a partial list of confirmed famous people who were or are gay, lesbian or bisexual. Famous people who are simply rumored to be gay, lesbian or bisexual, are not listed. The historical concept and definition of sexual orientation varies and has changed greatly over time; for example the word "gay" wasn't used to describe sexual orientation until the mid-20th century. A number of different classification schemes have been used to describe sexual orientation since the mid-19th century, and scholars have often defined the term "sexual orientation" in divergent ways. Indeed, several studies have found that much of the research about sexual orientation has failed to define the term at all, making it difficult to reconcile the results of different studies.However, most definitions include a psychological component (such as the direction of an individual's erotic desire) and/or a behavioural component (which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s). Some prefer to simply follow an individual's self-definition or identity. See homosexuality and bisexuality for criteria that have traditionally denoted lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people.The high prevalence of people from the West on this list may be due to societal attitudes toward homosexuality. The Pew Research Center's 2003 Global Attitudes Survey found that "[p]eople in Africa and the Middle East strongly object to societal acceptance of homosexuality. But there is far greater tolerance for homosexuality in major Latin American countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Opinion in Europe is split between West and East. Majorities in every Western European nation surveyed say homosexuality should be accepted by society, while most Russians, Poles and Ukrainians disagree. Americans are divided–a narrow majority (51 percent) believes homosexuality should be accepted, while 42 percent disagree."it is a Long, long list!List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A - Wikipediaand after you go there and read the entire list, all of them,further studies are here:ReferencesShively, M.G.; Jones, C.; DeCecco, J. P. (1984). Research on sexual orientation: definitions and methods. Journal of Homosexuality. 9. pp. 127–137. doi:10.1300/J082v09n02_08. PMID 6376622.Gerdes, L.C. (1988). The Developing Adult (Second ed.). Durban: Butterworths; Austin, Texas: Butterworth Legal Publishers. ISBN 0-409-10188-5.Sell, Randall L. (December 1997). 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