Non-Residential Lease Survey Form: Fill & Download for Free

Caution: Long answer but worth reading…In general, flats are bought under two circumstancesUnder construction propertyReady to move-in propertyThe buying procedure is slightly different for under construction and ready to move-in property. Let me explain the procedure in a systematic way from under construction to ready to move-in.Under construction property:It's very important to verify the land document before we make a booking amount for under-construction property. Generally, booking amount ranges from 5–20%.Some unethical builders or sellers support document verification only after the booking amount paid. Kindly hold and never initiate transactions unless the documents are verified.General land verification goes as below1.RTC Extract: (Land record) RTC stands for Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crop Information. RTC contains the details of,Survey numberLandowners detailsType of landArea of measurementWater rateSoil typeAgricultural, commercial, nonagricultural residential flood areaLand conversion detailsNature of possession of the LandLiabilitiesTenancyCrops grownExtract the RTC from Bhoomi Online service https://rtc.karnataka.gov.in/Service78/, it cost you Rs. 10/- to download an RTC extract.Please be note: It's advisable to extract few important documents directly from government server instead of depending on seller or builder. Chances that few unprofessional sellers or builders may tamper or duplicate the document. Do your own extract of important documents,An RTC looks like below image,2.Encumbrance certificate (for land): An encumbrance certificate is a certificate issued by the sub-register office of revenue department. An encumbrance certificate popularly knows as EC. An EC helps to verify,Mortgage liabilityCourt attachmentOwnershipProperty scheduleRegistration date and allotment numberMarket price and consideration priceDeed type (Acquired through sale deed, gift deed or inherited)History of registered transactions & ownershipsIf the land has been encumbered with court attachment, property has no marketing title and cannot entitle to sell.If the property has not encumbered, it has a clear marketing title to sell, buy, and build an apartment.The encumbrance certificate is usually issued in 2 forms: Form 15 or Form 16Form 15: is issued when the property has any encumbrance during the said period, Nature of encumbrance could be gift, partition, loan, lease, legality, and parties involved in dispute.Form 16: is issued when the property doesn’t have any encumbrance during the said period. Also, know as NIL ENCUMBRANCE CERTIFICATE (NEC). Having a clear marketing title to build.An encumbrance certificate looks like below image,An EC consist of 9 columns, refer the below image for the description of each columnYou can extract the EC from Kaveri Online Services https://kaverionline.karnataka.gov.in/ at the cost of Rs. 40/- per EC.3. Property Tax receipt: A property tax receipt, contain the details of,Tax payment (Amount and date of payment)Ownership detailsProperty scheduleApplication NumberWard numberKhata numberProperty tax receipt looks like below image.We can extract the property tax receipt from https://bbmptax.karnataka.gov.in/ at no cost. It's free to extract property tax. You need PID number or application number to extract tax paid receipts.4. Khata Certificate & extract: Khata is the recording of one's property in the books of the Government (here BBMP).When one registers Sale Deed in sub-register office, it is just an agreement between the seller and the buyer but when the Khata (of the property) is registered/transferred to one's name, it means the property is in the current owner's name in the government books.This also identifies the person/persons (on whose names the Khata is registered or transferred) Registered person(s) are primarily responsible for paying the tax.Khata certificate & extract contains the details of,Khata NumberOwnershipKhata transfer feeA Khata certificate & extract looks like below image,Page 1Page 2:Page 3:Khata can be extracted through Sakala online services Registration Page5. Landowner and builder agreement (if join venture): If the project is a joint venture between landowner and builder. It's important to go through the joint venture agreement to understand the responsibility of landowners and builders.The main intention of going through the joint venture agreement is to understand the feasibility & possibility of the partnership better the landowner and builder.If there is trouble in join venture, A project may halt for some duration of time till the issue get resolver among landowner and builder.A joint venture agreement must be a registered agreement.6.Building approval plan: Approval Plan from BIAPPA/BDA is necessary. Approval is provided based on the regulation of residential land, basic utilities, safety in place. Should not be an issue to construct a residential building here.7. Floor plan: Helps clearer visuals of the entire property. Buyers can use a floor plan alongside photos to understand the layout and space of the house. A clean floor plan shows the true size and potential of every roomAt the time of booking8. Agreement of SALE: It's important to execute an “agreement of sale” on or before making the booking amount to seller or builder. This is the promissory document that seller or builder is agreed to sell the property in future date, subject to terms & condition mentioned in sale agreement.Stamp duty: 0.1% of consideration value or market value, whichever is higher. Paying 0.1% stamp duty is important for loan documentation.Stamp duty can be paid in form of e-stamping or franking.At the time of project completion9. Completion Certificate: Completion certificate is issued by Municipal Corporation once the project is completed as per the approved layout plan.10. Occupancy Certificate: is also issued by Municipal Corporation after ensuring that basic amenities like Electricity Connection, Water Supply, Sewage Connection are provided as per the approved plan.At the time of Possession11. Sale Deed Registration: Once the project is complete in all respects and has received Completion and Occupancy Certificates from BBMP, the Builder shall transfer the property in your name by executing a Sale Deed that will be registered at the respective sub-register office.Sale Deed is the important document of ownership, it should be retained safe. In case, you have taken a home loan, original copy of Sale Deed may be retained by Bank till the loan repaymentTo boost the real estate sentiment in the State, the Karnataka government has announced a cut in the stamp duty rate on properties priced below Rs 20 lakh and between Rs. 21 -35 lakh.The announcement was made on 27th May 2020 during the COVID 19 pandemics.The rate cut is focusing on affordable housing. Rate remains same as before for premium housing that is valued more than Rs. 35 Lakh.The below table describes the latest stamp duty and registration charges,0.5% cess charge applicable across all the segments of affordable and premium housing.The stamp duty & registration charge calculation goes as belowExample 1: The purchase price is Rs. 20 Lakh,Stamp duty : 20,00,000*2% = Rs.40,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Registration charge : 20,00,000*1% = Rs.20,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Cess : 20,00,000*0.5% = Rs.10,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Example 2: The purchase price is Rs. 35 Lakh,Stamp duty : 35,00,000*3% = Rs. 1,05,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Registration charge : 35,00,000*1% = Rs.35,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Cess : 35,00,000*0.5% = Rs.17500/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Example 3: The purchase price is Rs. 80 Lakh,Stamp duty : 80,00,000*5% = Rs. 4,00,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Registration charge : 80,00,000*1% = Rs.80,000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Cess : 80,00,000*0.5% = Rs.40000/- (DD on the name of respective sub-register office)Note: 0.1% of stamp duty in sale agreement, can be offset at the time of sale deed registration. Avoid double payment.You should carry following documents at the time of sale deed registration.Sale agreementProperty tax receiptKhata certificate & extractAdhara ( Preferably link your mobile number for digital signing - Its easy & convenient at the time of registration)12. Possession Letter: Once, Sale Deed is registered in your name, the builder will give you possession letter after handing over physical possession of the property.13. Allotment letter: Builder will provide the allotment letter for parking space.Below are the few points to be considered while buying a flat in Bangalore.Avoid choosing the property next to STP, recycling plant, garbage dumping spot, graveyard, high way, railway track, and polluting industry. Stay away from pollution for cause of your health & well being.Visit the project history of builder and check the quality of constructionFlat should have natural light and decent air circulation.Avoid 100% self-financing. Prefer bank loan, loan helps to control your cash flow. Bank supports for document verification besides offering loans.Avoid verbal agreement and verbal promises from seller. Keep all the possible terms & conditions in sale agreement till the sale deed executionAs you know real-estate market is not fixed. we need strong negotiation skills to bring down the price.Keep the booking amount as low as possible. Release rest of the amount only after you get confident about project progress. Avoid complete settlement in advance. Make the payment in installment as the project progress.Under-construction properties are paid based on the progress of the project. like on-booking. 10%, Basement 10%, 1st floor, 10%, 5th floor 10%, plastering, finishing and registration. Release the fund slowly as the project progress.Keep the record of payment. Avoid cash. Make payment through online, cheque or DDFranking of sale agreement is mandatory to opt for bank loan.Franking your agreement gives you better legal stand in case fail in delivery of possession, deal cancellation, delay possession by seller.If the agreement is signed by GPA holder, collect the registered GPA from seller for cross verification.Keep the eye on penalty clause in sale agreement. if delay in payment. Most seller demand at-least 18%.What is sale agreement says, if builder delay in delivering the possession.What is in sale agreement, if buyer cancels the deal? Most seller deducts at least Rs. 1.5 Lakh or 10% of booking amount as liquidated damage. The Balance amount will be initiated only after the schedule property sold to other prospective buyer. Refund process is time-consuming and losing bank interest for buyer. (Try to modify this clause on your favor)16.Most seller allows the property registration only after the complete payment that includes consideration price + parking charge + administrative charge if applicable + corpus fund if applicable + 3 years maintenance cost in advance + Utility implementation charges if applicable ( electric meter + bore-well +STP + water recycling + water softener etc..17. Most seller provides only bore well water facility. At later stage, if owners association decided to access Cauvery water connection, each flat owner may suppose to contribute around Rs. 45,000/- per flat for cauvery water connectivity.18. Buyer may spend another Rs. 10,000 for property tax application, khata transfer application, name change at electricity bill19. Additional cost applicable for modification. The modification should be informed well in advance at the time of slab construction. Seller will not permit buyer to do modification on his/her own or modification should be done with permission of builder.20. Most builders monopolies the interior contractor but you can take a call with price & quality competitive vendor after the sale deed is done.21. You may not able to choose your parking space. Parking space is allotted by the builder. You should be lucky if no water or STP pipe running just above your parking space or there might be occasional water dripping from pipe. which might spoil the place and vehicle due to constant dripping. (Keep note of this point and inform the seller about your preferred parking spot at the time of paying booking amount itself)22. Avoid parking space just above the underground water tank or STP. Such parking spot are very dangerous and not authorized to allot such space for parking23.Hidden charges:Most builders charge administrative fees of at least Rs. 50,000/-. I really don’t understand why most builders charge an administrative fees of Rs. 50,000/- when the buyer itself pays for all the paperwork of stamp duty and registration charge.Most builders charge the non-refundable corpus fund of at-least Rs. 50,000/-. apart from 1st 3 years of maintenance cost in advance. Maintenance cost roughly around Rs.3.5 per sq.ft.For example, if your flat size is 1000 Sq.ft. you need to pay Rs. 1,26,000/- as 3 years maintenance cost on or before registering the property24. Be aware of your taxation. If the consideration value is more than Rs. 50 lakh. Buyer should pay TDS. TDS is 1% of considerable value. Pay TDS on time to avoid late payment fee. Most sellers are least bothered to discuss taxation part. Take interest and clear your tax on-time.25. Get the property inspected by professional before you get the possession from seller. Make sure the tiles, kitchen granite, piping, wiring, switchboards, and doors are fitted well.No seepage, no wall cracked and decently painted. Seller may not care to address the issue once after the possession letter is signed by you.We provide the service of document verificationWe provide the service “sale agreement” drafting + execution + arranging seller & buyer signature + franking + home deliveredWe provide the service of sale deed drafting + execution + home delivered.To opt for our service, please whatsapp 9 7 4 2 4 7 9 0 2 0.Thank you for reading…

The Israeli occupation tried the “Bantustan Method” right after the 1967 war. It called “Rawabit Al Qura” or loosely translated as “Associations of Villages to administer the occupied areas. It failed and several of the leaders were killed. Oslo resolved that puzzle by assigning the Palestinian Authority the Administration of the occupied areas. That relieved the Israelis from dealing with the Palestinian concentration centers on one hand, and settling all the lands they can and want to annex, on the other. The full steam ahead of settling the West Bank killed the 2-state solution dead, and made Swiss cheese of the occupied territories, creating the Palestinian Bantustans cutting each City-Bantustan by settlements, and Jews-only roads.Read John Kerry's Full Speech on Israeli Settlements and a Two-State SolutionThis week Apartheid in action: “Just a normal day…..Police have fined only Arab passengers for seat belts on a routine check bus. Passengers from Modi'in to Tel Aviv on the Kavim bus said that a policeman who checked the occupants of the vehicle did not contact the Jews present at all. One of the passengers: "It was clear that it was directed at them for racist motives. Everyone was in shock." Police: There was no discrimination.This Is ApartheidWithin the territories Israel occupied in 1967 – a temporary military regime ruling over some 5 million Palestinian subjects. Most importantly, it obscures the fact that the entire area is organized under one principle: advancing and perpetuating the supremacy of one group – Jews – over another – Palestinians.Leading human rights group calls Israel an ‘apartheid’ stateBy JOSEPH KRAUSSJanuary 12, 2021Israeli Human Rights Group Says The Country Pursues Nondemocratic 'Apartheid Regime'January 12, 20211:32 PM ETIsraeli apartheid fact sheetThere is overwhelming evidence that the system instituted by the Israeli government against the Palestinian people meets the UN definition of apartheid.Israel carries out various acts that are prohibited by the UN Apartheid Convention including: 6 Acts listed in the article.Israel’s treatment of Palestinians has been regularly cited by UN Special Rapporteurs on the Human Rights Situation in Palestine as evidence of an Apartheid system in action. For example: 7 cases detailed.A number of Israeli government officials have used the term apartheid in reference to Israeli control over Palestinians: 5 Quotes by Israeli leadersLegal scholars on apartheid and Israel: ‘Occupation, Colonialism, Apartheid’Human Sciences Research Council in Cape Town, South Africa published the study.Israeli High Court Justice (Ret.) Theodor Or wrote in The Report by the State Commission of Inquiry into the Events of October 2000:[234The Arab citizens of Israel live in a reality in which they experience discrimination as Arabs. This inequality has been documented in a large number of professional surveys and studies, has been confirmed in court judgments and government resolutions, and has also found expression in reports by the state comptroller and in other official documents.According to the Guardian, in 2006 just 5% of civil servants were Arabs, many of them hired to deal with other Arabs, despite the fact that Arab citizens of Israel comprise 20% of the populationIn March 2010, a report released by several Israeli civil rights groups stated that the current Knesset was "the most racist in Israeli history" with 21 bills proposed in 2008 and 2009 that would discriminate against the country's Arab minority.[239]A preliminary report commissioned by Israel's Courts Administration and the Israel Bar Association found in 2011 that Israeli Arabs are more likely than Israeli Jews to be convicted of crimes after being charged, more likely to be given custodial sentences, and were given longer sentences.A 2007 opinion survey found that more than half of Israeli Jews believed intermarriage was equivalent to national treason.While Hebrew is taught as a second language in Arab schools since the third grade and obligatory for Arabic-speaking school's matriculation exams, only basic knowledge of Arabic is taught in Hebrew-speaking schools, usually from the 7th to the 9th grade. Arabic is not obligatory for Hebrew speaking school's matriculation exams.In 2001, Human Rights Watch described government-run Arab schools as "a world apart from government-run Jewish schools."[285] The report found striking differences in virtually every aspect of the education system.[Jimmy Carter: Israel's 'Apartheid' Policies Worse Than South Africa'sPalestine: Peace Not Apartheid is a New York Times Best Seller book written by Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and laureate of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. ...SothPalestineIsrael Apartheid Policies Enacted Egainst PalestiniansFrom It Is Apartheid.orgIn Israel, Jews and Palestinians are labeled from birth and treated differently throughout their lives. They have unequal access to social and economic privileges including land, education, employment and social welfare. 1, 43Separate is never equalThe descendants of Palestinians that remained in Israel after the 1948 war are now over 1 million people, approximately 20 percent of the population. These Palestinians face rampant discrimination. The discrimination is sometimes from individuals and other times, systemic and codified in law. 2, 44Israel is a very segregated society. Most Israeli Palestinians and Israeli Jews live in separate communities, go to separate schools, and shop at separate stores. 3, 44 The Israeli Ministry of Education said in June 2009 that it spends $1,100 per Jewish student but only $190 per non-Jewish student per school year, according to Haaretz newspaper.The state also categorizes Jews and Arabs separately: The Population Registry Law (1965) requires all residents of Israel to register their ethnic group and religion with the population registry and to obtain identity cards, that usually indicate these differences. 48 This discriminatory policy fits the United Nations' definition of Apartheid.Separate and unequal application of the law to Jews and non-JewsBeginning with the rights of residence and citizenship, the Law of Return grants immigrant and residency rights to anyone who claims a Jewish identity (defined as a child or grandchild of a Jew, the spouse of a Jew, the spouse of a child of a Jew, and the spouse of a grandchild of a Jew) but refuses the right of return to Palestinians and their descendants who were expelled in 1948 and 1967. 2, 3, 4, 44While Jews receive Israeli citizenship for just being Jewish, even Palestinians who marry Israelis are denied citizenship and even the right to live with their family in Israel under a 2003 law.70 percent of prisoners in Israel are Palestinian. Under a 1979 emergency power law, people in Israel may be arrested and held without charge for 6 months. This law is almost exclusively applied to Palestinians.37“A dual system of law discriminates between Jewish Israelis and indigenous Palestinians based on a constructed status of 'Jewish nationality'. This prejudicial application of law is apparent in all processes of the legal system, from the rights to information and fair trial to detention and prison treatment.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.5Apartheid started with ethnic cleansing and land expropriationPalestianins ethnically cleansed in 1948. 47Between 1947-49: At least 700,000 Arabs were displaced and ethnically cleansed and their villages were destroyed.More than 80 percent of the total Palestinian population was expelled from their country.More than 530 Palestinianvillages were depopulated and completely destroyed.Many Jewish settlements were then built on top of the destroyed villages. 9Approximately 30 percent of the 150,000 Palestinians who remained in Israel were expelled from their homes and became internally displaced refugees. 10In 1945, Palestinians owned 85 percent of arable land. The U.N. Conciliation Commission estimated that about 80 percent of the land in what is today Israel is property formerly owned by Palestinians that was confiscated by Jewish organizations like the Jewish Agency. Until recently Palestinians were forbidden by Israeli law from owning it or leasing it. 15Today, Israeli Palestinians are largely landless -- they own about 3 percent of the land in Israel. Since 1948, the Arab population has increased by a factor of 6.6 but it has lost 84 percent of its land reserves. As of 1947, Jews in Palestine owned under 7 percent of the Palestinian lands, and after 1948, 80 percent . 16Palestinian land rights are taken away and restrictedUnrecognized villages: Today, 140,000 Palestinian Arabs live in more than 100 unrecognized villages, mainly in Galilee and the Negev desert.The National Planning and Building Law (1965) retroactively re-zoned the lands on which many Arab villages sit as non-residential. The consequence of this is that despite the existence of these villages prior to the establishment of the state, they have been afforded no official status. 17Unrecognized villages are not on any map, receive no running water, electricity, have no connection to sewer systems, no schools or health care. Residents are denied the ability to build homes and other public buildings. The authorities use a combination of house demolitions, land confiscation, denial of basic services, and restrictions on infrastructure development to dislodge residents from these villages. 17Housing segregation and discrimination in funding for Arab communitiesPalestinian Israelis have been ghettoized in a small section of Israel. Most land in Israel must be leased. It is not privately owned. Until recently, Israeli Arabs were not permitted to lease land from the Israeli Land Administration, which controls 93 percent of the arable land in Israel. This land is either state-owned (80 percent) or owned by the Jewish National Fund (13percent). Much of it was expropriated from Arabs.While Jewish neighborhoods grow unchecked, segregated Palestinian communities have not been allowed to expand. No new Arab areas have been created while hundred’s of Jewish areas have been. 18,19Institutional discrimination is in community development plans, where Palestinian neighborhoods are held to existing land allocations. In the Arab city of Nazareth, for example, the population of 13,000 Palestinians in 1947 lived on 3,000 acres. In 2007, with a population of 70,000, the city occupies only 3,100 acres, with strict limitations on any expansion. 1Israel's planning authorities continue to disregard the development needs of Arab towns. Due to lack of official planning procedures, thousands of houses have been built without the necessary permit and face possible demolition. The families living in houses built without permits are deprived of basic services by the state such as water, and electricity, and face eviction and demolition, etc. 27Housing demolitionsEven in the present day, Palestinian homes are being taken or demolished. One example is 500 Palestinian families in Jaffa, an ancient Palestinian city, are facing eviction. The purpose is Judaization of the city. 2The development needs of Arab towns are continually disregarded by the Israeli government. Due to lack of official planning procedures, thousands of houses have been built without the necessary permit and face possible demolition. The families living in houses built without permits are deprived of basic services by the state such as water, electricity, and face eviction and demolition, etc. 27 Each year, the state demolishes dozens of houses belonging to Arab-Bedouin families in unrecognized villages in the Negev. Each time this happens, dozens of families, including children, are abandoned and left without shelter. This ongoing policy breaches the Bedouins’ right to dignity, privacy, and security. 28Economic and social privilege given to JewsMilitary service, which confers many social and economic benefits—including mortgages subsidies, partial exemptions from course fees, and preferences for public employment and housing-- is compulsory for Jewish Israelis. Ninety percent of Arabs are exempt from service and thus are denied these benefits. Orthodox Jews are also exempt but still receive benefits. 8Segregation Allows for Unequal Funding Between Jew and Non-Jew Discrimination in funding for Arab townsArab towns and villages are systematically given less funding than Jewish neighborhoods. Arabs are 20 percent of the population of Israel but between 2000 -- 2004, Arab citizens received less than 5 percent of the overall regular budget of Israel. An average of $1,415 is spent on each Jewish citizen but only $310 is spent on each Arab. As a result, in Arab communities in Israel, such vital services as garbage collection, water and sewers are often unavailable. 20Segregation and discriminatory funding of schoolsSchools for Arab children are completely separate and inferior to schools for Jewish children.In 2009, the Israeli Ministry of Education said it spent $1,100 per Jewish pupil but only $190 per non-Jewish student.Human Rights Watch states: ‘The funding disparities between the two systems are enormous….” Palestinian schools lack computers, science equipment, remedial programs for disabled children and kindergartens. Arab schools are in disrepair; the teacher: student ratio is 1:20 for Arab but 1:16 for Jewish children. The situation for Bedouin children is particularly appalling .” 22Teaching Arab history: Teachers are not allowed to teach students in public schools about Arab history. Israeli textbooks do not show the “Green Line” or the internationally recognized border between Israel and the occupied territories. “Teachers for the Arab schools have to be approved by the state security service, the Shin Bet, and the curriculum is designed to remove references to Palestinian history and culture.” 23Wide spread racial profilingArab citizens of Israel are often discriminated against through denial of access to recreation spaces, swimming pools, water parks and other publicplaces frequented by its Jewish citizens.38Arabs are frequently taken aside at Israel’s airports and train stations and searched, often invasively. They are more likely to be detained or accompanied to the plane by security personnel. 39Other forms of state-sponsored discriminationPoisoning, Uprooting of Bedouin Israeli Citizens’ Crops The government of Israel has sent planes to spread poison on Bedouin crops, poisoning livestock and causing health problems among the population. By some accounts, this practice was halted in 2006. More often now these crops are destroyed by Israeli authorities turning them under. 40Failure to protect Arab citizens during wartimeAlmost all Arab towns and villages in the northern part of Israel lack public bomb shelters or air raid sirens, even though they have been constructed in most Jewish communities. As a result, people in Arab villages died in the streets during the Lebanon war while most Jews waited out the war in shelters. 41Failure to compensate Jewish and Arab citizens equally for war damagesAfter the Lebanon war, Arab villages were denied compensation for damages, thoughmany Jewish neighborhoods received funds. Interest-free loans of up to $10,000 were available, but only to Jewish businessmen or those who had served in the Israeli army, which excludes almost the entire Arab population. 42

CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION Traditional materials: stone, brick, tiles-roofing and flooring, steel, timber, lime, cement, their manufacture, properties and codal requirements. Mortar, cement concrete, properties, specifications and tests for quality control. Reinforced concrete, fibre reinforced concrete and ferro-cement applications. Paints, enamels, varnishes, tar, bitumen, asphalt, properties and use. Modern materials: plastics, rubber, polymer, fibre reinforced plastics, manufacture, properties and use. Introduction to composites and smart materials. Building Construction: Foundations; Stone Masonry; Brick Masonry -Rules for bonding, stretcher and header bonds and English Bond; Doors and Windows; Stairs - proportioning and designing of different types of staircases for residential and commercial buildings; Different types of roofs. RC Constructions - Lintels and sunshades, beams, one-way and two-way slabs. Plastering and pointing: types, preparation, properties, uses and defects. Formwork for construction. Damp proofing. 2. SOLID MECHANICS, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS SOLID MECHANICS: Fundamentals of force system. Concept of Rigid body and deformable bodies. Free body diagrams. Centroid and moment of inertia of plane areas. Simple stress and strain. Hooke’s law. Mechanical properties of materials. Elastic constants. Simple flexure theory, Bending stress and shearing stress distribution across sections. Deflection of beams, Macaulay's method for deflection of statically determinate beams. Compound stresses - analytical method, graphical method - Mohr's circle of stresses. Torsion, transmission of power through hollow and solid shafts. Beams of uniform strength. Combined bending and torsion. Strain energy. Columns & struts. Elastic stability of columns. Bending moment and shear force diagrams for simply supported beams, cantilever beams and overhanging beams. Analysis of simple trusses. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: Definition of statically determinate and indeterminate structures. Deflection of beams: moment area method, conjugate beam method, strain energy method and unit load method. Rolling loads and influence lines for statically determinate beams and bridge trusses. Three hinged arches, cables and suspension bridges. Analysis of indeterminate beams, frames and trusses: consistent deformation method, slope deflection method, moment distribution method, Kani’s method. Plastic analysis of simple beams and frames. 3. CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY, REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES, STEEL STRUCTURES, PSC STRUCTURES CONCRTE TECHNOLOGY: Concrete making materials - Manufacture of Cements, types of cements and aggregates, properties and testing, Water, admixtures. Fresh concrete, workability, compaction, curing. Strength of concrete, elasticity, shrinkage and creep. Durability of concrete. Testing of hardened concrete, destructive and non destructive testing methods, Concrete mix design, Quality control and acceptance criteria. Special Concretes. Concrete chemicals. RC STRUCTURES: Strength properties and behaviour of concrete and reinforcing steel. Basic principles of working stress design. Limit state design concepts. Designing of members subjected to flexure, shear, torsion, axial forces and combinations, uniaxial and biaxial bending of columns. Design of simply supported and continuous beams and slabs; two way slabs, isolated and combined footings. Computation of deflection and crack width. Design of staircases. Design of retaining walls - cantilever and counterfort type, Design of water tankrectangular and circular tanks, underground and resting on ground. Design of framed structures. STEEL STRUCTURES: General principles of elastic method of design of steel structures. Bolted and welded connections. Tension and compression members. Laterally supported and unsupported beams. Unsymmetrical bending. Built up beams. Plate girders. Members subjected to axial force and uniaxial and biaxial moments. Introduction to the limit state design philosophy of steel structures. PSC STRUCTURES: Materials. Pre and post tensioning methods. Losses of prestress. Stresses in concrete due to prestress and loads. Prediction of long term and short term deflections. Limit state of collapse in flexure and shear. Limit state of serviceability. Transmission length. Anchorage zone stresses. Design of endblock. Design of pre and post tensioned beams. Analysis of composite beams. 4. FLUID MECHANICS, HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS: Introduction and Terminology, Basic properties of fluids, Pressure and its measurement, Hydrostatic pressure on surfaces, Kinematics of fluid flow, Dynamics of fluid flow, Velocity and Accelerations, Stream Lines, Equation of Continuity, Bernouli’s Equation, Irrotational and Rotational Flow, Velocity Potential and Stream Functions, Continuity, Momentum and Energy Equation, Navier Stoke’s Equation, Euler’s Equation of Motion, Application to Fluid Flow Problems, Pipe Flow, Darcy’s Equation, Losses, Water hammer, Depth, velocity and Discharge measurements. Dimensional analysis, Similitude and Model studies, Dimensionless Parameters, Laminar Flow Between Parallel, Stationary and Moving Plates, uniform flow in open channels, Non uniform flow, Critical flow, Rapid and gradually varied flow and its concept and Design, Hydraulic jump. Centrifugal pumps- Vertical turbine pumps. HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING: Hydrologic cycle, Water budget, Catchment. Precipitation: types, measurement, intensity, duration, temporal and spatial analysis. Infiltration, soil moisture, evaporation, transpiration, Groundwater. Runoff: components, factors, hydrographs, unit hydrograph, flood estimation. Irrigation: objectives, methods, irrigation water requirements. Components of irrigation system and design principles. Water Power Engineering: Basic principles, types of schemes. 5. HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Reservoir planning, Types and Design of Dams and Weirs, Types, methods and Design of Energy Dissipation Structures, Spillways- Types, Functions and Designs. Flood control: Introduction, flood plain management, flood plain definition, hydrologic and hydraulic analysis of floods, storm water management. Flood control alternatives: structural and non-structural measures. Flood damage and net benefit estimation: damage relationships, expected damages, risk based analysis. Canals – Types, Designs, Distribution Systems for Canal Irrigation, Canal Capacity, Canal Losses, Alignment of Canals, Most Efficient Section, Lined Canals, Their Design, Regime Theory, Critical Shear Stress, Bed Load, Design of Head Regulators Canal Falls, Aqueducts, Measuring Flumes, Canal Outlets, Sluice Gates, Gates for Outlet works, Valves for Outlet works, Canal drops, Escapes, CD Works, Design of river training works. Retaining Walls, Bulk Heads, Rockfill Dam, Coffer Dam, Grouting. Seepage and its control in Hydraulic structures. Failure and Restoration of Hydraulic structures. Rivers, Their behaviour, Control and Training-River Morphology, Sedimentation of Reservoirs and Canals, Causes and Reclamation of Water Logged and Saline Soils for Agricultural purposes. Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater in the command area. Rain water harvesting. 6. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING SOIL MECHANICS: Soil formation, Three phase system, Index properties of soils, Soil classification, Hydraulics of soils, Stress distribution in soils, Soil compaction, One dimensional consolidation, Effective stress and pore water pressure, Shear strength of soils. Soil exploration, Earth pressure and its determination. Bearing capacity - Theoretical methods and Insitu tests, Stability of slopes by various approaches, Load carrying capacity of single and group of piles. Ground improvement techniques. FOUNDATION ENGINEERING: Loads for foundation design, Depth of foundation, proportioning of footings, Geotechnical and structural design of isolated, combined and raft foundations. Analysis of pile groups. Design of piles and pile cap. Design of cantilever, counterfort and soil reinforced retaining walls. 7. TRNSPORTATION ENGINEERING Introduction and Terminology, Principles of transportation engineering. Traffic Engineering: Vehicular and road user characteristics, traffic studies, junctions and signals, traffic control devices Highway alignment and geometric design: Highway alignment, cross-sectional elements, horizontal alignment and vertical alignment Highway design and construction: design of flexible and rigid pavements, WBM and bituminous concrete roads and highway maintenance, highway drainage. Railways: Rail gauges; coning; adzing; railway track components, functions, requirements, and width of formation; creep; tractive resistance; geometric design; points and crossings; stations and yards; signaling and interlocking. Docks & Harbors: Types of harbors, tides, wind and waves, breakwaters, docks, quays, Transit sheds, warehouses, navigational aids Tunnels: Introduction to tunneling, tunneling through soils, soft and hard rocks, tunnel ventilation Airports: Introduction to airport planning and development, Airport design standards 8. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Essentials of water and wastewater engineering systems, quantities, sources, water distribution systems, planning and analysis. Wastewater collection. House drainage. Water and wastewater characteristics. Drinking water standards. Unit operations and processes of water and wastewater treatment. Design of treatment units. Water pollution control: Effluent standards. Disposal of wastewater. Stream sanitation. Water quality indices; Solid waste management: Characteristics, treatment disposal; Air Pollution Control: Sources and Characteristics, effects, Control; Noise Pollution Control, measurement & analysis; Hazardous solid waste: Classified wastes, Disposal of hospital wastes; EIA: Introduction, case studies 9. SURVEYING Introduction and Terminology, Basic Principles of Surveying, Measurement of horizontal distances, Chain surveying, Compass surveying, Compass traversing, Introduction to leveling, Reduction of leveling, Contouring, Plane table surveying, Theodolite surveying, Trigonometric leveling. Tacheometry, Curve setting, Computation of area and volumes, Electronic Distance measurement, Hydrographic surveying, Photogrametry and Remote sensing, Preparation of Maps, Map Reading, Errors and its Classification, Precision and Accuracy, Probability Analysis. Principles and uses of Electronic Theodolite, EDM, Total station, Features of Total Station, Characteristics of Total Station, Modern Surveying, Remote Sensing (RS), Global Position System (GPS), Maps, Global Information System (GIS) Systems. 10. BRIDGE ENGINEERING Bridge site investigation and planning, bridge hydrology, Standards of loading for highway and railway bridges, Culverts, bridge superstructures, Design of R.C.C. beam and slab bridges, load distribution methods, Bearings, Design of bridge substructures and foundations, Design principles of prestressed concrete, steel and composite bridges, Introduction to cable stayed and suspension bridges, flyovers, temporary and movable bridges, construction and maintenance of bridges and flyovers. 11. ESTIMATION, COSTING AND SPECIFICATIONS Methods of estimating, line estimate and detailed estimate, measurements, taking out quantities, typical estimates for buildings, and Civil Engineering works, Specifications for all types of building items. Analysis of rates, data for various building items, Earthwork calculations. Valuation of buildings. 12. CONSTRUCTION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT Introduction: project forms, management objectives and functions, Organizational chart of a construction company, Manager's duties and responsibilities; public relations; Leadership and team - work; ethics, morale, delegation and accountability. Man and Machine: Man-power planning, training, recruitment, motivation, welfare measures and safety laws. Machinery for Civil Engineering: Earth movers and hauling costs, factors affecting purchase, rent, and lease of equipment, and cost-benefit estimation. Planning, scheduling and Project Management: Planning stages, construction schedules project specification, monitoring and evaluation; Bar-chart, CPM, PERT, networkformulation and time computation. Departmental Procedures: specifications, tendering, contracting and arbitration. 13. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Definition, scope and importance of Environmental Studies, Need for public awareness. Natural Resources Renewable and Non-renewable Resources. Natural resources and associated problems. Concept of an ecosystem: Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, consumers and decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem, Ecological succession, Food chains and ecological pyramids, Biodiversity and Its Conservation, Environmental Pollution: Definition, Causes, effects and control measures. Pollution case studies. Disaster management, Social Issues and the Environment, Environmental ethics, Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Wasteland reclamation, Consumerism and waste products, Acts related to Environment Protection, Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation, Human Population and the Environment.