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As a business person who has owned both restaurants and fast food stores and who has been a keen student of both business models for over 20 years, my view is that the Gross Profit margin % and Net Profit margin % of a high end restaurant and a McDonalds store, are pretty much comparable.Now granted, each business model arrives at these % by quite different means, but the final result of each are comparable in that both business models produce a Gross Profit margin % of about 66%–67% of sales and a Net Profit margin % of about 8% to 9% of sales.In terms of Gross Margin %:A high end restaurant will spend far more on food costs than a McDonalds store due to quality ingredients, limited supplier discounts for small purchases and higher wastage due to customization and maintaining fresh ingredients, but they are equally able to charge the customer far more and so they can maintain an overall 66–67% gross profit margin.A McDonalds store can’t charge their customers anything like the price that high end restaurants can charge but then again their bulk buying power and lower quality ingredients coupled with the minimal waste produced from their standardized manufacturing processes, ensures that they too can maintain a Gross Profit margin % in the 66–67% range.In terms of Net Profit Margin %:A high end restaurant will generally need to spend about 32% of their sales revenue on the extra skills and labor required to give their customers that high-end experience but they can often save on rent (10% of sales) because a high—end restaurant is a destination business that patrons will go out of their way to frequent. So a prime retail location paying prime rent is not required. Between these two major expenses a high-end restaurant will outlay about 42% of sales.A McDonalds store on the other hand will save on labor costs due to their counter service system and the use of less skilled labor (27% of sales) but need to spend a greater % of their sales to locate in prime retail areas (15% of sales). All told, these two major expenses amount to 42% of sales which is very similar to a high end restaurant %.The net result of both models (after deducting other fairly standard business overheads) is a Net Profit Margin % of about 8–9% of sales for both business models. This Net Profit % (in the 5–10% of sales range) pretty much aligns with the net profit results that I was able to achieve from the many restaurants, fast food and cafe outlets that I have founded and managed.In seeking information that could support my own observations and experience, I was able to locate the following profit statement for a McDonalds from Janney that generally supports my own calculations . (Note: my net profit calculation adds back the non-cash depreciation and amortization to arrive at the 9% estimate)In terms of a high end restaurant I was able to locate the information published by the Australian Tax Office which collates the information from the Restaurants’s tax returns. (Note: A 33% Average cost of sales means a Gross Profit margin % of (100% - 33%) = 67% and the net profit is calculated by subtracting the 92% Average total expenses from 100% to produce a 8% net profit margin).My assumption are further supported by 2017 research done on the entire hospitality sector in Australia by IbisWorld which shows a Gross Profit margin % of 67.1% (100% - 32.9%) and a Net Profit margin % (with added back depreciation) at 10% (6.6% + 3.4%).So while the business models of a high-end restaurant and a McDonald’s store look vastly different in physical appearance, their underlying profit margin percentages are actually quite similar.

In terms of sales, both will flop.20,000 words is not a book. 20,000 words is not even a novella. If you try to sell a pamphlet that’s 20,000 words and call it a “book,” the first person who buys it (assuming anyone does, which is a very dubious proposition) will leave a review so scorching you’ll never sell anything on Amazon again.

In terms of sales, it’s : One Piece > Dragon Ball > Naruto.One Piece has sold almost 480 million copies worldwide followed by Dragon Ball with around 300 million copies and Naruto with 250 million copies.