Cyber-Terrorism Activities Report No 14 July September 2015: Fill & Download for Free

why not there are more than 20 universities that can teach cyber security1. Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Information Sciences and TechnologyPlaced among the “Public Ivies,” Pennsylvania State University holds land-grant, sea-grant, space-grant, and sun-grant status for generating $836 million in research expenditures and teaching 99,133 Nittany Lions at 24 locations statewide and online. Led by President Eric J. Barron, the Big Ten powerhouse has had its World Campus since 1998 to deliver MSCHE-accredited programs with an 87 percent graduation rate. The U.S. News ranked PSU World for America’s fifth best online computer IT degrees and eighth top online bachelor’s degrees. Given the Sloan Excellence in Institution-Wide Online Education Award, Penn State also has the #1 best recruiting outcomes according to The Wall Street Journal.Through Blackboard Collaborate and Skype, online undergrads can pursue the PSU World Campus’ B.S. in Security and Risk Analysis – Information and Cyber Security Option. Currently billing $584 per credit, the 120-credit bachelor’s follows former NSA Director Mike McConnell’s advice on preparing IT specialists who are equipped to identify and prevent catastrophic attacks via the Internet. The online major involves courses like network security, C++ programming, cyber forensics, data organization, and terrorism. Online students could still join the World Campus Technology Club, access the Red Cell Analytics Lab, intern with DHS, and study abroad with 300+ global programs.Post-bachelor’s students at Pennsylvania State University with 5+ years of experience may complete the Master of Professional Studies in Information Sciences instead. Consisting of 33 credits for $854 per credit, the online MPS has a built-in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance Option for strengthening IT skills specifically for stopping internal or external hacker threats. Collaborative learning courses take two years part-time with courses like multisensor data fusion, enterprise architecture, risk management, visual analytics, and Web privacy. Open for application until June 1st and October 1st yearly, the PSU master’s program expects a minimum “B” average from orientation through the applied capstone project.Website2. Johns Hopkins UniversityWhiting School of EngineeringEstablished in 1876 on a $7 million bequest from a 19th-century Maryland entrepreneur, Johns Hopkins University has become a private, nonsectarian RU/VH hub led by President Ronald J. Daniels to serve 5,326 undergrad and 14,848 post-grad Blue Jays in the Big Ten. Affiliated with 36 Nobel laureates, JHU has campuses from Baltimore and Columbia to Bologna and Nanjing. Along with 45+ free online classes on Coursera, Johns Hopkins grants America’s sixth best computer IT and 21st top online engineering programs according to the U.S. News. Ranked Kiplinger’s 19th best private value, JHU was also placed 16th globally by ARWU.The Johns Hopkins Engineering for Professionals Program lets post-grads pursue the Master of Science in Cybersecurity fully online to defend computer systems from penetration attacks for data security. Requiring Java and C++ mastery, the 10-course degree offers three specialized tracks for Networks, Analysis, and Systems before an independent study project. For $4,055 per course, the online curriculum delves into intrusion detection, cryptology, protocol design, software security, and information assurance. Noted for several 2017 Faculty Award-winning instructors, the online degree lends one-on-one support via the Cybersecurity Advising Corner. Students could obtain the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service or Information Security Institute Fellowship for Veterans.Another online cyber security degree program with an 8:1 student-faculty ratio at Johns Hopkins is the ABET-accredited B.S. in Computer Science, which charges $1,100 per course. The 126-credit program’s Information Security Track immerses online students in introductory courses like algorithms, calculus, data structures, Java programming, cryptology, and ethical hacking. Around 60 undergrads complete the eight-semester plan annually to successfully apply computing knowledge for addressing security and legal concerns. Some head to the Homewood Campus during the summer for the 10-week Summer Research Expedition (SRE). Online alums from Johns Hopkins University are vigorously recruited by tech giants, including Oracle, Google, and Microsoft.Website3. University of ArizonaEller College of Management/College of EngineeringBelonging to the elite AAU, the University of Arizona is a public, co-educational RU/VH Pac-12 institution directed by President Robert C. Robbins with a $660.7 million endowment to serve 43,625 Wildcats and run initiatives like CyVerse. From its 380-acre, red-brick campus in sunny Tucson, Arizona uses the D2L learning management system for cinema-quality lectures in 80+ online programs. The U.S. News ranked UA as America’s 124th best university with the 11th best computer IT and 81st top bachelor’s degrees online. Ranked 24th nationally by the Council for Aid to Education, the University of Arizona was granted the USDLA 21st Century Award for Best Practices in Distance Learning.Taught by PhD-level professors from Worcester Polytechnic, Ohio State, Carnegie Mellon, USC, and others, the Master of Science in Cybersecurity is accessible inclusively online for UA post-grads. Admitting six times annually for $1,332 per credit, the flexible program suits tech professionals with at least three years of work experience. The 33-credit degree offers two tracks for Information Systems or Physical Systems for hands-on practice shielding networked devices from cyber compromise. Core courses include data mining, penetration testing, machine learning, systems engineering, and business intelligence. Eight-week mini semesters lead to a cyber warfare capstone and optional CISSP credentialing.Featuring a lower student-faculty ratio at 15:1, University of Arizona South also confers the Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS) in Cyber Operations for $490 per unit. This online degree completion program suits associate graduates with a minimum 2.5 GPA who transfer for greater depth of knowledge on rendering IT solutions for security. The 60-credit degree’s connects students virtually by the Network Operations Center to practice hacking more than 15,000 user personas. Online courses like network analysis, cyber ethics, malware threats, and secure software development begin every two months. Students from U.S. territories like Guam and Puerto Rico aren’t authorized though.Website4. Drexel UniversityCollege of Computing and InformaticsRenowned for graduating 100,000 alumni like Paul Baran, Norman Joseph Woodland, and Violet Oakley, Drexel University is a private, nonprofit RU/VH institution accredited by the MSCHE to educate 26,359 Dragons with a $650.3 million endowment and paid co-ops. Split into 15 schools, Drexel goes beyond its 96-acre campus in Philadelphia, Forbes’ 102nd best place for education, with online programs on Blackboard. The U.S. News applauded Drexel for America’s 11th best computer IT and 110th top bachelor’s degrees online. Named the 78th “Most Diverse College” on Niche, Drexel University also ranked 180th nationally for value-added education by The Economist.Selectively admitting 75 percent of applicants for $489 per credit, Drexel Online awards the B.S. in Computing and Security Technology with 10-week quarters to build the fundamental tools for implementing networks that meet high security clearances. Accepting applications until August 25th, the 188-credit curriculum lets working adults transfer up to 113 quarter credits for accelerated learning. The self-paced, 100 percent online program is available in 49 states, excluding Minnesota. Within the Computing Security Concentration, students integrate online courses like wireless networking, risk assessment, disaster recovery, mobile applications, and computer architecture. Graduates will qualify for cybersecurity credentials, such as CCNA Cyber Ops and Oracle 9i DBA.Drawing on 125 years of experience, Drexel University also grants the M.S. in Cybersecurity either online or on-campus from Bossone Hall. Directed by Dr. Kapil R. Dandekar, the 45-credit degree trains ECE Department enrollees for adapting IT techniques to confront emerging cyber warfare tactics in managerial positions. Presently billing $1,228 per credit, the program begins every September, January, April, and June for students with combined GRE scores above 300. Expect online courses like information policy, computer networking, data algorithms, national security intelligence, and risk analysis with Internet labs. Master’s students could substitute the thesis research for graduate co-ops at Qualcomm, Alcatel-Lucent, and other companies.Website5. Syracuse UniversityCollege of Engineering & Computer ScienceUnder the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862, Syracuse University was founded on land donated by Bishop Jesse Truesdell Peck to create today’s private, nonsectarian IAMSCU research center led by Chancellor Kent Syverud to educate 21,267 Orange and employ 1,563 staff. Endowed for $1.157 billion, Syracuse extends beyond its 683-acre campus on Central New York’s University Hill with online learning. According to the U.S. News, SU has America’s 17th best computer IT and 35th top engineering programs online. As a “College with a Conscience,” Syracuse was also ranked the 103rd best U.S. college and 251st best global university by Times Higher Education.Since 2009, the ABET-accredited Engineering@Syracuse program has delivered a Master of Science in Cybersecurity completely online for working IT gurus to increase their capacity for identifying, thwarting, and counteracting security breaches. Spanning 15 months full-time, the 30-credit curriculum requires high-level programming expertise with a minimum GRE Analytical score of 650. Post-B.S. majors pay $1,500 per credit for coursework in Internet security, information assurance, cryptography, distributed access control, cyber law, and operating systems. Classes take a synchronous, live format weekly for webcam chats organized by PhD-level faculty. Online learners are only required to attend one on-campus immersion in July for peer collaboration.Partnered with the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, the SU iSchool also allows a faster promotion track for online students to finish the Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS) in Information Security Management. Available year-round, the 15-credit option suits ISM officials seeking in-depth insights into the complex risks to organizational computers. Live classes explore digital forensics, database security, information policy, electronic commerce technologies, and information systems protocols. Up to six credits could be devoted to internship experience with Lockheed Martin, Mimecast, and others. Covering the $1,500 per credit could be easier with Syracuse’s Information Assurance Scholarship Program funded by the DoD.Website6. Florida Institute of TechnologyCollege of Engineering & ComputingSitting atop a 130-acre campus in Melbourne just 50 miles from the Kennedy Space Center, the Florida Institute of Technology is a private, space-grant SACS-accredited institution emphasizing STEM education across its seven online colleges. Since 1958, Florida Tech’s $66.2 million endowment has grown to serve 6,631 Panthers, 34 percent of whom hail from global countries. The U.S. News ranked FIT as America’s 171st best university with the 21st best online computer tech and 68th top online bachelor’s programs. Ranked 36th among research universities for ROI on PayScale, Florida Tech was crowned the third fastest-growing campus nationwide by The Chronicle of Higher Education.Broadcasted asynchronously online via the video-based eLearning platform, the M.S. in Information Assurance and Cybersecurity is a two-year, part-time Florida Tech degree with eight-week courses to help make organizations immune from security breaches. Partnered with Harris Corp., the 11-course major has six yearly start dates to attract IT professionals who want expert-level knowledge on attack models through cybersecurity case studies. Estimated to cost $25,641 total, the curriculum directs courses in biometric authentication, application security, cryptography, data mining, and secure Web services until the culminating IA project. Applicants can be considered with just a bachelor’s degree and minimum 3.0 GPA instead of GRE scores.Post-grads have another 100 percent online option at the Florida Institute of Technology, the Master of Business Administration with a Cybersecurity Specialization. Priced at $896 per credit, the 12-course, IACBE-accredited degree offers a unique management perspective for information systems professionals who seek to secure enterprise networks. Unlike the M.S., the MBA includes core courses like managerial economics, corporate finance, organizational behavior, and business development first. Florida Tech’s eight-week, no-GMAT courses begin with the SmarterMeasure readiness assessment and end with a strategic management capstone. Joining the alumni network of 60,000 Panthers helps graduates reach a 93 percent job placement rate.Website7. Kennesaw State UniversityCollege of Computing and Software EngineeringEndowed for $36.523 million under President Sam Olens, Kennesaw State University is a public, co-educational doctoral institution created in 1963 in the University System of Georgia to enroll 36,428 Owls full-time within the Big South Conference. Although it’s located on 581 acres in the Atlanta suburbs of Cobb County, KSU has 500+ SACS-accredited online courses delivered through Brightspace by D2L. The U.S. News recognized Kennesaw for America’s 38th best computer tech and 186th top online bachelor’s degrees online. Crowned the 292nd “Hardest College to Get Into” on Niche, Kennesaw State University was also the Southeast’s 192nd best bang for the buck in Washington Monthly.Directed by Dr. Herb Mattford, the Bachelor of Science eMajor in Cybersecurity is the first of Kennesaw State’s online cyber security degrees preparing undergrads from a technically-focused approach. Available with optional Criminal Justice or Crisis Preparedness minors, the 120-credit program builds awareness of cyber criminals’ tactics to develop secure IT solutions. Online undergrads develop skills with cutting-edge technologies like CheckPoint Software and Palo Alto Firewalls. For only $199 per credit, courses cover Unix administration, perimeter defense, server systems security, contingency planning, and more. Ambitious eMajors could also intern with Georgia Technology Authority, participate in the Southeast Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition, and join the CCERP Conference.Online graduate students at Kennesaw State University could pursue the Master of Science in Information Technology with a Certificate in Information Technology Security too. The SREB Electronic Campus lets post-grads “Move Ahead” their IT skills anytime 24/7 for enhanced planning, implementation, and supervision of secure network systems. Logging into Desire2Learn makes courses like software design, Web technologies, computer forensics, electronic commerce, and EHR systems fly off the screen. The 48-credit degree currently costs $383 per credit and accepts applications until July 1st, November 1st, and April 1st yearly. Thesis research with the state-of-the-art Security Analysis Lab is wholly optional.Website8. New Jersey Institute of TechnologyYing Wu College of ComputingEnrolling 11,317 Highlanders in the Atlantic Sun Conference, the New Jersey Institute of Technology is a public, sea-grant polytechnic APLU member budgeting for $451 million annually that was founded in 1881 by prolific inventor Edward Weston. Based on 48 acres in Newark just 13 miles from Midtown Manhattan, NJIT offers 13 master’s degrees completely online under American Council of Graduate Schools guidelines. The U.S. News congratulated NJIT for the 87th best engineering school and 38th top online IT degrees. Placed among MONEY Magazine’s “Top 10 Colleges with Great Career Services,” New Jersey Tech also ranked 16th for a mid-career median salary of $117,000 on PayScale.Backed by the ABET Computing Accreditation Commission, the M.S. in IT Administration and Security at the New Jersey Institute of Technology can be garnered 100 percent online by network administrators who seek to erect electronic infrastructures safe from attack. Along with four electives, students study Internet protocols, network management, database administration, and wireless networks security for $1,199 per credit. Within the virtual CIP Lab, online post-grads practice using Oracle, UNIX, Symantec, and other real-world software. Students could also join the ACM Student Chapter, research in the Center for Information Protection, and take paid, three-credit co-ops found via CDSlink.Another Moodle option costing New Jerseyans $1,199 per credit at NJIT is the Online M.S. in Information Systems with a Specialization in Security and Network Management. Taking a managerial approach, this 30-credit curriculum develops business analysts with the technical skills to secure user interface systems for corporate confidentiality. Online courses begin every September for 15-week sessions that are primarily asynchronous with Information Systems Club opportunities. Admission will require a cumulative GPA above “B” and minimum GRE scores of 143 (verbal) and 151 (quantitative). Some sample courses include forensic auditing, transaction mining, counter hacking, data communications, and higher-layer protocols.Website9. University of Illinois-SpringfieldCollege of Liberal Arts and SciencesChartered by Governor Richard Ogilvie in 1969, the University of Illinois-Springfield is a public, land-grant COPLAC liberal arts institution in the Great Lakes Valley Conference that’s currently endowed for $12.1 million to teach 5,431 Prairie Stars full- or part-time. Occupying 740 acres along Lake Springfield on Thomas Strawbridge’s homestead, UIS offers HLC-accredited online education giving the Sloan Consortium Most Outstanding Achievement Award since 2001. The U.S. News ranked Illinois-Springfield for the 54th best online bachelor’s and 123rd top online graduate education. Graded B+ as America’s eighth “Best Online College” on Niche, UIS boasts the largest computer science department in Illinois.Designated a Cisco Regional Networking Academy, the University of Illinois-Springfield offers the B.S. in Information Systems Security online for future cyber forensics specialists to gain IT problem-solving skills. Through Blackboard, the degree is delivered in a 2+2 format with transfer agreements from Rock Valley College, Joliet Junior College, Kaskaskia College, and more. For 120 total credits, the online program integrates courses from discrete mathematics and Java programming to network administration and information assurance. Costing $352 per credit, the bachelor’s includes 10 hours of engaged citizenship experience and an exit assessment. Undergrads may also join Computer Science Club and/or take internships for networking.Within the AACSB-accredited College of Business, UIS post-grads will find an Online Master of Science in Management Information Systems that offers an Information Security Elective Track. Cybersecurity professionals enrolling in this 36-credit program will sharpen the skills to analyze, design, and oversee organizational data systems safely. Master’s courses charging $402 per credit will explore IT governance, wireless networking, managerial decision support systems, data warehousing, and IT project management. MIS majors elect a research thesis, capstone project, or advanced seminar for their closure. Students could benefit from joining the AIS Chapter, securing the Graduate Public Service Internship, and adding the Business Intelligence Certificate.Website10. Towson UniversityJess & Mildred Fisher College of Science & MathematicsAttracting 22,285 Tigers from 100+ countries, Towson University is a public, four-year research institution founded by the General Assembly of Maryland in 1865 that’s developed a $450 million annual budget for on-site and online teaching under President Kim Schatzel. Based upon 328 acres in Baltimore County just off Interstate 83 on York Road, the Towson Learning Network (TLN) makes education accessible with the same MSCHE-accredited rigor. The U.S. News distinguished Towson for the 66th best online graduation education nationally. Placed 254th in MONEY Magazine’s ranking, Towson University is named America’s 117th best public university and 181st best value school by Forbes.Featuring an average retention rate of 86 percent, Towson awards the Applied Information Technology (M.S.) either online or off-campus at the University Center of Northeastern Maryland. Starting in the Fall, Spring, or Summer, the 33-unit curriculum offers six concentration areas, including Information Security and Assurance for cybersecurity expertise. Online post-grads advance their technical acumen for fast-paced IT solutions that protect the integrity of digital data. Expect logging into interactive courses like systems development process, network security, vulnerability analysis, and database management via Direct Access. Maryland residents pay $9,054, but out-of-state residents are billed $16,362 yearly. For application, majors select the independent study project or 140-hour internship.Towson University also offers two alternatives to the online cyber security degree program that costs $288 in-state and $806 out-of-state per unit. The Online Information Security & Assurance Post-Baccalaureate Certificate is a stand-alone, five-course option that could fulfill IACRB certification. Organized by Lisa Loewe, the curriculum includes courses for IT infrastructure, network security, risk analysis, systems development process, and security case studies. The Online Security Assessment & Management Post-Baccalaureate Certificate is another one-year, five-course offering for personnel interested in physical or cyber risk protection. Topics span from emergency communication to team building and tactical planning. Both require holding a bachelor’s with a minimum 2.75 GPA.Website11. DePaul UniversityCollege of Computing and Digital MediaOrganized by President Dennis H. Holtschneider, C.M., DePaul University is endowed for $420.1 million as the United States’ largest private, Catholic liberal arts and sciences institution upholding Vincentian values to educate 15,407 undergrad and 7,703 post-grad Blue Demons. From 36 main acres with Gold LEED-certification in Chicago’s Lincoln Park, DePaul operates locations in Naperville, O’Hare, and online. The U.S. News ranked DePaul as America’s 124th best university and 70th top value. Declared the 99th “Best College for Computer Science” on Niche, DePaul University won the Insight into Diversity Higher Education Excellence Award and placed on the Phi Theta Kappa Transfer Honor Roll.Recognized for a median early-career salary of $71,400, DePaul manages digital learning tools to provide playback courses online for its Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity. Integrating the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) credential, the 192-unit curriculum builds on liberal studies to cover the fundamentals of computer infrastructure design for secured access. For $615 per hour, the curriculum includes classes like host-based security, incident response, security engineering, database systems, and Python for programmers. Online undergrads need to finish 45+ quarter credits and one semester of C++ before entry. Students then benefit from practicum in the CDM Information Assurance and Security Lab, which consists of 80 routers and 40 firewalls.Presently billing $830 per unit, the Master of Science in Cybersecurity is another online DePaul option for graduates with 2+ years of IT experience to expand their skills for managing secured computer infrastructure to thwart increasing cyber risks. Led by Dr. Jean-Philippe Labruyere, the 52-credit curriculum offers three concentrations for Computer Security, Risk Management and Compliance, or Networking and Infrastructure. Requiring a 2.5 GPA or higher, the coursework ranges from digital forensic techniques and cryptology to object-oriented software development. Cutting-edge Cisco equipment allows for hands-on virtual learning, including a 10-week CINS Capstone and National Cyber League competition.Website12. University of Rhode IslandDigital Forensics and Cyber Security CenterEndowed for $124.6 million, the University of Rhode Island is a public, land-grant and sea-grant RU/VH institution founded in 1892 that’s now led by President David M. Dooley to employ 676 full-time staff who encourage 16,613 Rams to “Think Big.” Headquartered on 1,254 acres in the Kingston Historic District, URI delivers 130 NEASC-accredited academic programs from Providence, Narragansett, West Greenwich, and online through Sakai. According to the U.S. News, Rhode Island is America’s 159th best university and 83rd top public college. Ranked America’s 204th best economic value by The Economist, URI was deemed the 171st top research university nationally on Forbes.Starting each September with a July 1st application deadline, the Professional Science Master’s Degree in Cyber Security is available wholly online for University of Rhode Island post-grads who are working in IT. After the self-paced Fundamentals for Cyber Security workshop, the 36-credit curriculum seeks to protect public, corporate, and federal welfare by setting up strict security protocols on information systems. For $655 per credit or $2,620 per course, the DFCSC online degree integrates courses in digital forensics, incident response, intrusion detection, network security, and ethical hacking. Instead of a master’s thesis, students complete Cloud-based labs and internships with partners like Wetstone Technologies or ForensicSoft.Launched in 2004 under a U.S. National Science Foundation Grant, the DFCSC at Rhode Island also delivers the Cyber Security Graduate Certificate online for tech-focused, post-grad credentials without a full master’s. Available over nine, 12, 16, or 20 months, the four-course certificate suits working professionals with Net+ certification and comprehension of computer networks. Besides the core courses in systems security and information assurance, students choose a concentration in Advanced Incident Response, Advanced Intrusion Detection and Defense, or Penetration Testing for video lectures accessed 24/7. Certificate credits could transfer into URI’s Master’s in Computer Science or Ph.D. in Computer Science with a Cyber Security Concentration.Website13. Nova Southeastern UniversityCollege of Engineering and ComputingClassified for “Higher Research Activity” with $87 million in external funding, Nova Southeastern University is a private, nonprofit ICUF institution of the Sunshine State Conference that’s led by President George L. Hanbury II to inspire 24,148 Sharks in 18 colleges. Based upon 480 acres in Florida’s Greater Miami Metro in Davie near Dania Beach, Nova also excels with Web-based instruction that ranked 55th on Online Degree Reviews. The U.S. News named Nova Southeastern the 214th best national university with the 84th best online graduate education. Placed ninth for diversity, NSU was given a Forbes financial grade of “C” for America’s 395th most grateful graduates.Through the SREB Electronic Campus, Nova follows the “Principles of Good Practice” to award an accredited Master of Science in Information Assurance & Cybersecurity fully online. The 12-course, 36-credit curriculum spans 16 to 24 months for working professionals to address global concerns for securing network vulnerabilities to avert criminal hackings. Taught by only PhD-level professors, online courses include information security governance, network forensics, software engineering, operating systems, and applied cryptography with two electives. Each Blackboard course costs $775 per credit for virtual access to CIPhER labs, Electronic Library databases, and internship connections like the Capital Group IT Security Response Center.Post-master’s students seeking online cyber security degrees will find a unique online option in Nova Southeastern’s Ph.D. in Information Systems program with an Information Security Concentration. Expecting a minimum 3.25 GPA, the 64-credit curriculum opens advanced IT industry positions as well as teaching and research jobs in academia. Fourteen-week online courses like human-computer interaction, knowledge management, multivariate research, and information privacy are supplemented with just one on-campus trip to Fort Lauderdale quarterly. Charging $1,115 per credit after the $50 application fee, the online doctorate also includes two sections of directed research and a dissertation. There’s also a hybrid Ph.D. in Information Assurance available.Website14. Bellevue UniversityPublic Service, Safety, Security & Intelligence DivisionReaccredited by the HLC-NCA in 2014, Bellevue University is a private, nonprofit adult-friendly Nebraska institution celebrating its 50th anniversary that’s affiliated with notable alums like Abbie Cornett, Judd H. Lyons, and James R. Young. Endowed for $28.07 million to educate 10,304 Bruins with “Real Learning for Real Life,” Bellevue extends beyond its main Sarpy County campus to the Lozier Professional Center in Omaha and Online University. The U.S. News ranked Bellevue for America’s 92nd best online bachelor’s degrees. Honored for the #1 most generous credit transfers by Online Course Report, Bellevue University has earned CLO Magazine’s Bronze Excellence in Social Learning Award.Applauded among Government Security News’ Best Higher Education Award winners in 2015, the Online Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity attracts Bellevue cohorts who seek to safeguard sensitive data in impenetrable networks. Charging $410 per online credit, the 127-credit curriculum emphasizes the technical skills for spotting, analyzing, and addressing cyber risks with state-of-the-art technologies. Courses take an accelerated, nine-week format for quickly mastering risk auditing, cyber forensics, cryptography, access control, mobile device security, and more with the Kirkpatrick Signature Series. High school grads and GED recipients are assigned success advisors to personalize their course-by-course schedule. Bellevue alumni report a median mid-career salary of $102,000.Given 4.5 stars based on 1,743 student reviews, the Master of Science in Cybersecurity is another of Bellevue’s online degrees geared toward entry- and mid-level IT professionals seeking active instruction on the latest security technologies. Cohorts pay $565 per credit before financial aid to prepare for safeguarding organizations against hacking incidents. Logging into BRUIN for this 36-credit program will involve content like business continuity planning, risk management, operations security, cyberdeterrence, and cloud computing security. Analysts with 5+ years of experience could take the six-module, accelerated option for graduation in 12 months. There’s also a 36-credit M.S. in Security Management online for leadership-style training.Website15. Lewis UniversitySchool for Professional and Continuing EducationPromoting the motto “Signum Fidei,” Lewis University is a private, Catholic liberal arts institution devoted to the Lasallian tradition since its founding by the Archdiocese of Chicago in 1932 to enlighten 4,613 undergrad and 1,960 post-grad Flyers with a $56.32 million endowment. Led by President Dr. David J. Livingston from 410 acres in Romeoville, Illinois, Lewis also operates classrooms in Albuquerque and virtually through Blackboard. With a 62 percent admission rate, Lewis is deemed the Midwest’s 24th best university and 19th best for vets college by the U.S. News. Washington Monthly also crowned Lewis University the region’s 156th top value.Boasting a 13:1 student-faculty ratio, Lewis’ Online Information Security and Risk Management B.S. uses an accelerated format for undergrads to acquire the technical expertise to outsmart cyber criminals and protect vital personal or organizational information. The 64-credit, two-year program admits full-time students who’ve completed an associate degree at accredited schools like Moraine Valley Community College. Students take adult-only classes like IT law, disaster recovery planning, data discovery, and ethical hacking with 24/7 access. Lewis University offers a cutting-edge VMware CloudLab for simulations with Telemet Orion and Linux software. Some may also intern with CME Group and join the ISACA-Chicago Chapter.Priced at $795 per credit, the Master of Science in Information Security is another of Lewis University’s online offerings where experienced IT professionals prepare for developing efficient cyber defense operations. Graduates qualify for industry-leading certifications, including Security+, CISSP, and CISM, for protecting valuable assets in managerial positions. Lewis has placed over 40 alumni at Argonne National Laboratory’s IT Department too. Open with rolling admission, the 100 percent online option has eight-week courses with the Technical Concentration or Management Concentration. Virtual courses span from secure operating systems and network security to cybercrime identification and digital forensics before the capstone, 16-week research project.Website16. Champlain CollegeDivision of Information Technology & SciencesNestled upon a 22-acre, 50-building Victorian campus in Burlington, Vermont, Champlain College is a private, residential NEASC-accredited institution tracing back to 1878 that’s expanded to teach globally in Dublin, Montreal, and on the World Wide Web. Organized into five divisions led by Chief Academic Officer Dr. Laurie Quinn, Champlain educates 2,000 full-time students with an average class size of 17. According to the U.S. News, the North’s third most innovative school has the country’s 148th best online bachelor’s programs. As winner of the Way to Go Commuter Challenge in 2013, Champlain College also ranked #3 overall on the Online Education Database.Designated a DC National Center of Digital Forensics Academic Excellence by the U.S. Air Force, Champlain offers working adults the ability to transfer up to 90 credits into the Online Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity program. Taught by practitioner faculty, the distance degree is directed by Ric Messier, CISSP, fully online with two, seven-week terms annually for training to defend digital intelligence from unscrupulous hackers. Priced at $641 per credit, courses include security scripting with Python, emerging threats, mobile security, system intrusion analysis, and webpage development with a senior seminar project. There’s also a B.S. in Computer Forensics & Digital Investigations online.Voted #1 nationally in SC Magazine twice, Champlain post-grads pursue the Online M.S. in Information Security Operations with a standard completion rate of 80 percent. With access to the CNIS Club, students finish the 30-credit curriculum within 24 months to better understand current cyber attack vectors and formalize policy-driven IT precautions. Ideal for systems analysts with 2+ years of experience, accelerated seven-week webinars delve into malware analysis, vulnerability detection, operations management, game theory, and incident response. Theories are applied with virtual teams-based projects and the war games capstone. Admission to the $23,850 program requires an accredited bachelor’s with a 2.5 GPA or greater.Website17. Dakota State UniversityCollege of ComputingFollowing the Excellence Through Innovation 2020 Plan, Dakota State University is a public, polytechnic STEM-centric institution directed by President José-Marie Griffiths that’s endowed for $10.1 million to educate 3,047 Trojans and give upper-division majors free tablet PCs. Located on 20 acres in Madison, South Dakota, with the acclaimed Karl E. Mundt Library, DSU also delivers HLC-accredited courses in Sioux Falls and over the Internet. The U.S. News ranked Dakota State the Midwest’s 108th best university with the 185th top online graduate education countrywide. Deemed America’s 220th “Best College for Computer Science” on Niche, DSU was placed 113th by the Educate to Career College Ranking.Eligible for the full-ride Cyber Corps Scholarship and $20,000 stipend, Dakota State University’s Online B.S. in Cyber Operations suits young programmers who wish to develop the hacker mindset to resolve tech vulnerabilities before breaches occur. The bachelor’s requires completing 30 credits annually for four years to master how reverse engineering works to create secure computer hardware and software. Online courses are capped at 35 for engaging in virtual labs like malware analysis, cellular security, assembly language, and data structures. Charging $335 per credit, the program lets undergrads join DakotaCon, compete in the ACM North Central Region, and intern with Los Alamos National Laboratory.Currently costing $444 per credit, the DSU College of Computing’s M.S. in Information Assurance & Computer Security is also accessible 24/7 online with the GetEducated | Review, Rate, Rank & Compare Online Colleges & Degrees | GetEducated “Affordability” badge. Applications are accepted until June 15th, November 15th, or April 15th annually for bachelor’s graduates with an overall 3.0 GPA and satisfactory GRE scores. The 30-credit degree prepares IT systems analysts for leading the strategic cybersecurity efforts to reduce risk of digital attack. It could be completed with the accelerated 4+1 Computer Science B.S./MSIA track. Other post-grad online opportunities include the Banking Security Certificate, Ethical Hacking Certificate, and Doctor of Science (DSc) in Cyber Security.Website18. Davenport UniversityCollege of TechnologyFounded by Conrad G. Swensburg in 1866 with just 16 students in office skills training, Davenport University has evolved into a private, nonprofit multi-campus GLIAC institution that’s encouraging 7,767 Panthers to “Get Where the World is Going.” Organized by President Richard Pappas, Ed.D., Davenport uses its 69-acre main campus in Grand Rapids to cover Michigan from Holland to Livonia and deliver online study via Blackboard. The U.S. News recognized Davenport for America’s 186th best online baccalaureate degrees. Named the 98th “Best Online College” and 120th “Most Conservative College” on Niche, Davenport University ranked in the top 5 percent for computer science on College Factual.Unlocking a median mid-career salary of $90,120, the DU Global Campus conducts its Cyber Defense Bachelor of Science 100 percent online for learning the myriad of technological tools used to protect digital information. Costing $707 per credit for Michiganders with a 33 percent discount for non-residents, the four-year degree nurtures the performance-based skills for developing internal and external infrastructure checks to curb criminal intrusion. The 45-credit major offers elective tracks for Math Modeling, Information Assurance, or Healthcare Information Assurance. In 2015, undergrads on the Cyber Defense team finished #1 in the Michigan Collegiate Cyber League. Alumni excel with Delphi Corporation, NETech, DHS, and more.Another online cyber security degree program from Davenport University is the M.S. in Information Assurance, which is estimated to cost $765 per credit before textbooks. Mapped to the Committee on National Security Systems training Standard 4011, the 34-credit degree preps post-graduates for leading cyber operations that minimize risk to organizational assets. Starting six times yearly, the online program’s seven-week courses explore IT business continuity, cryptography, application security, digital forensics, and banking security. During their fourth term, MSIA enrollees purse a master’s thesis research topic with PhD-level faculty advisors. Davenport integrates cyber security courses in the Online M.S. in Technology Management too.Website19. Mercy CollegeDepartment of Mathematics and Computer ScienceAcclaimed for its Cybersecurity Education Center, Mercy College stands atop 66 acres in the Hudson Valley suburb of Dobbs Ferry just 25 miles north of New York City as a private, nonsectarian NAICU research institution directed by President Timothy L. Hall. Endowed for $193.5 million, Mercy has expanded since 1950 to educate 11,295 Mavericks total from Yorktown Heights and the Bronx to the World Wide Web. Included in Barron’s Best Buys in College Education, Mercy College was ranked the 457th best master’s university and 190th top value by Washington Monthly. Niche also distinguished Mercy as America’s 113th “Best Online College” and 88th “Safest College.”Delivered by PhD-trained faculty from Pittsburgh, Shanghai Jiao Tong, George Mason, Florida, and more, Mercy’s Cybersecurity B.S. is available online over four years full-time. The 120-credit, MSCHE-accredited degree fulfills high demand in today’s information age to adapt sound security policies that prevent digital disasters. Undergrads can transfer a maximum of 75 credits from two-year colleges and 90 credits from universities. Aspiring IT professionals will delve into courses like artificial intelligence, website administration, penetration testing, intelligent programming, and Linux networking for $761 per credit taken. Seniors could also add the cybersecurity workplace experience with big-name NYC companies like Morgan Stanley and BNY Mellon.Selectively admitting 72 percent of applicants for a 17:1 student-faculty ratio, the M.S. in Cybersecurity is another of Mercy’s online options for post-bachelor’s scholars to safeguard data in our interconnected, tech-savvy world. Graduates build the advanced IT and leadership skills for assuming mid- and upper-level jobs, such as Chief Security Officer, that defend networks from breaches. Satisfying CISSP credentialing, the 30-credit, online curriculum integrates courses like data mining, forensic computing, firewall installation, IT compliance, and distributed database security for $876 per credit with a master’s project. Undergrads with a minimum 3.3 GPA could pursue the Dual B.S./M.S. online too.Website20. Wilmington UniversityCollege of Online and Experiential LearningAffiliated with noteworthy alumni like Hugh T. Broomall, Ruth Briggs King, and Francis D. Vavala, Wilmington University is a private, nonsectarian doctoral-granting research hub in the Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference that’s endowed for $68.3 million. Although WilmU is headquartered off Route 13 in New Castle, Delaware, over 40 percent of the 20,522 student population studies online for MSCHE-accredited education. Ranked for America’s 202nd best online baccalaureate programs by the U.S. News, Wilmington is crowned the 101st “Best Online College” overall on Niche. Washington Monthly also applauded Wilmington University as the 258th best national college and 95th top Northeastern value.Touting a Blackboard Exemplary Course Award win, the Online B.S. in Computer and Network Security immerses WilmU Wildcats in the fast-paced tech sector to defend against spyware, adware, malware, and other cybercrimes that compromise networks. Given CAE Certification, the 120-credit curriculum develops security analysts with the best practices to implement information assurance projects ethically. General education courses like public speaking and college math lead to major online classes for electronic discovery, cyberlaw, criminal procedures, perimeter security, and algorithm applications for $363 per credit. Students could embed 400-600 hours of cooperative education at firms like Danisco US and SSD Technology Partners.Post-grads choosing Wilmington University may earn the M.S. in Homeland Security with the Information Assurance Concentration 100 percent online or in New Castle. Priced at $466 per credit, the master’s program sharpens students’ security preparedness to identify, evaluate, and address threats to our homeland’s most sensitive data. Ideal for future DHS jobs, the 33-credit curriculum blends courses on terrorism, risk assessment, crisis leadership, Web security, radio frequency identification, and operating systems control. Some credits could be transferred from the FBI National Academy if applicable. Prospective online students may also consider the M.S. in Information Systems Technologies and Digital Evidence Discovery Certificate.

Disclaimer: I’m Indonesian. I just started studying about security studies in last two years. This is just my 2 cent. Please correct me if there are some wrong fact.DefinitionDefense policy in my opinion is part of bigger national security policy who included Police force, Intelligence, Counter-terrorism, Maritime security, Cyber Security, Aviation Security, Transnational crime, disaster management, search and rescue, VIP security service, and not-so-new-concept human security (UNDP 1994 concept / Human security - Wikipedia).We can classified some topics of defense policy. I don’t want to discuss ongoing war/conflict/peace process (and analysis the actor like state/non-state or like terrorist/insurgence) in another area of the world (because that’s what they do usually in defense policy analysis) So in this writing, I just discussed 2 group issues domestically:Military posture (Force Structure, Capability, Deployment) including issues like military professionalism, doctrine, territorial force, alutsista (weapon system), defense industry, defense planning & budget, reserve command, veteran issues,Geopolitics / Strategic Environment (Balance Power, Counter Balancing Interest, Risk Assessment) including some issues like war and peace, maritime security, military strategy, military cooperation, doctrine about war, military deterrence. Sometimes, defense policy is intersect with Foreign Policy.Policy MakingIn policy making, there are hierarchy of law/regulation in defense policy.In strategic level there are Law 3/2002 (State Defense), Law 34/2004 (TNI), Law 16/2012 (Defense Industry), Law 15/2012 (Veteran of Republic of Indonesia), Law 56/1999 (Trained People), Law 27/1997 (Mobilization and Demobilization), Emergency Law 23 Prp/1959 (State of Emergency). In operational law there are Law 25/2014 (Military Discipline Law), Law 31/1997 (Military Courts), Books of Military Penal Law (KUHPMiliter), etc. Supposedly there are three more bill, such as Reserve Component Law (RUU Komponen Cadangan), National Security law (RUU Kamnas) and State Secret law (RUU Rahasia Negara), but because there are concern about human right abuses from NGO and academician at that time (until now) the progress has been stalled in parliament since 1999 until now.General policy about defense is generally defined by elected President at RPJMN (National Development 5-years Plan) and explicitly defined at President Regulation about General policy in defense for 5 years (Perpres Kebijakan Umum Pertahanan). All of that will implemented at Minister of Defense regulation about state defense implementation (Permenhan Penyelenggaran Pertahanan Negara) (for 5 years) and Defense White Paper (there are 2003, 2008, 2015 version) and will detailed at Minister of Defense regulation about defense policy at year X (Permenhan Kebijakan Pertahanan Negara tahun X). Budget, program, technology procurement will followed under that regulation. TNI then implemented government policy about defense into operational day-to-day basis.In organization and authority. Ministry of Defense (Kemhan) hold the authority to create defense policy and administration, not the TNI. TNI only followed regulation from Kemhan and order from commander-in-chief (President). President the only one who has authority to use of force, using TNI Commander. Chief of Staff (of Army, Navy, and Air Forces) have roles in preparing, developing and training the forces. Ministry of Defense has the authority to allocated the budget to TNI HQ and each Army, Navy, and Air Forces HQ.Why?In New Order, Commander of Armed Forces is also automatically Minister of Defense and Security. So he lead the Armed Forces (ABRI, at that time) also the civilian bureaucracy at Department of Defense and Security (Dephankam, at that time, now Kemhan). Because after reformation, aspiration from society is civil supremacy, remove dwi-fungsi and good governance (including split policy-making function, operational function and supervision function, and splitting Polri from ABRI) so Minister of Defense and Commander of TNI (not ABRI anymore) must be two different people. Also Minister of Defense also must be civilian and not ranking member/dual hatted with Commander.You can compare it with National Police, where TNI-Defense Ministry has doing a good job in governance, read my other answer here Someone anonymous's answer to How much power does the Indonesian National Police chief have?BackgroundDefense policy created by analyze our country position, characteristics and analyze threat to our country. If we want to use traditional approach (military aggression), threat to Indonesia mostly nothing. No other country want to invade us militarily, we have good cooperation to all country including to some “controversial country” like Iran or North Korea. Hm maybe not Israel. We also don’t have active war like US or in the Middle East. We also don’t have military bases overseas. So approach to our defense policy is different than the other country.But in Indonesia Defense Policy White Paper 2015 some of our concern:Strategic Regional Issues: China race with US (in economic, military, etc), US Policy to “rebalancing” Asia, South China Sea conflict, Border issues with ASEAN Country,Global Issues: Regional Conflict Issues like Middle East, Africa, Proxy war, Weapon of Mass Destruction, Global Terrorism, Spying, Transnational Crime, Cyber Crime,Non military issues: Climate Change & Natural Disaster, Food Security, Water Security and Energy Security, Health EpidemicNational Issues: Ideological, democratic building process, Impact of globalization (Global trade, Culture degradation), Domestic security (Separatism, Social Conflict)The RealityBut in mainstream media, what we found more in discussion is:Weapon System accident - which bad news, tears, and blame is a good news. Zero accident policy, increasing maintenance budget, good governance in military procurement (not only receiving gift/hibah from other country Dilema belanja senjata: baru, bekas atau rekondisi? / Komisi I DPR Minta Kemenhan tak Beli Alutsista Bekas | Republika Online / TNI Tidak Kapok Beli Hercules Bekas / Panglima Tegaskan Indonesia Tak Lagi Mau Terima Hibah Alutsista), parliamentary supervising, was neededBela Negara - I don’t said that this is bad policy. The reason is good Menhan Ungkap Alasan Pentingnya Kesadaran Bela Negara. UUD has mandated this also. Our doctrine system is also Sishanrata (Sistem pertahanan semesta - All out war). But creating draft/conscription-alike without legal policy at least at UU level (not only in Defense Minister Regulation/Permenhan) have tendency to abuse Human Right (you have right to choose) Program Bela Negara berpotensi Langgar HAM and tend to new order militarization or created new “preman” group like Pamswakarsa and Pemuda Pancasila to become paramilitary all-over-again (remember Latih FPI Bela Negara, Dandim Lebak Dicopot / Latih FPI Bela Negara, Menhan Akan Teliti Pencopotan Dandim Lebak / Kasus FPI latihan bela negara 'akibat ketidakjelasan konsep') I think this is an temporary win-win policy when the other solution (reserve component) and its legislative process (RUU) has been stalled since reformation (RUU Komponen Cadangan Sipil Dilatih Militer: dari Komponen Cadangan ke Bela Negara RUU Komponen Cadangan Terlalu Dipaksakan / RUU KOMPONEN CADANGAN PERTAHANAN NEGARA : Dilema Legislasi dan Kebutuhan Pertahanan ).Proxy war “campaign” Panglima TNI: "Proxy War" Mengancam Indonesia, maybe good that we building our security awareness, but it seems like have “tendency” to create scapegoat and conspiracy Politisi PDI-P Curigai Gatot Nurmantyo soal Pernyataan "Proxy War" / Jenderal Gatot dan Imajinasi Proxy War / Menhan Nilai LGBT Bagian dari "Proxy War" yang Harus Diwaspadai / Panglima TNI: Proxy War paling berbahaya adalah Narkoba / Panglima TNI ungkit Australia aktor proxy war lepasnya Timor Timur and lately it tends to create campaign material for one specific General political interest by “socializing” Proxy War to media, and “lecturing” every college/universityTNI involvement in Food security (Ketahanan Pangan), so they said TNI must help farmer to help government policy. Part of TNI reform recommendation is we have to dissolute territorial forces (Kodam, Korem, Koramil, Babinsa) Mestinya sudah tidak ada Babinsa because they are easily to sway politics in grass roots for President/ruling political party interest (remember this, fresh 2014 Babinsa arahkan hasil Pilpres 2014: Ini Komentar Kubu Prabowo, Jokowi, dan TNI AD / Panglima TNI : kasus Babinsa tidak terstruktur dan tidak sistematis / PILPRES 2014 : Dianggap Tak Netral, Babinsa dan Danramil Dihukum ) or right now, some of General political interest. Instead of Babinsa help farmer (which they don’t have the competency), we should allocate more budget to farmer facilitator more professionally. Mempertanyakan Pelibatan TNI Mengurusi Pangan For all sources that I follow, it seems that this is only General Gatot initiative only, not official strategic policy. Strategic policy like TNI mobilization/national resilience to some cause is should be the domain of President, Minstry of Defense, National Security Council (Wantannas) not TNI level. Jokowi must instructing the military that this program was not the TNI core competency.PKI and Communism ._. ah f for this one.Tendency for TNI to get back to practical politics and security policy (which is Polri and Defense Minister part). Dilatih Mahal Kok Cuma Jadi Tukang Parkir Example: TNI involved in counter-terrorism (TNI right now, legally could, but must 1) under political decision (President) 2) under command (BKO) from Polri, which they have ‘gengsi’ and of course, they want the counter-terrorism budget too) 3) they have different competency, doctrine (kill or to be killed), and paradigm (warfare vs law enforcement, human right) Kapolri: TNI Rentan Abuse of Power jika Diberi Peran Antiteror, General Gatot ask for political right for TNI in Election, his decision to break-up with Australia without consulting first with Foreign Minister and Defense Minister (because strategic military cooperation and bilateral relationship is not TNI domain) Who's the Indonesian army chief suspending military cooperation with Australia? / Apakah keberatan TNI terhadap materi pengajaran di Australia berlebihan? and many General Gatot ‘alleged’ political maneuver Panglima TNI yang Penuh Kontroversi dan Reformasi KeamananAbout TNI involvement in domestic political affair and civilian leadership and also about Non-War Military Operation (OMSP), read my other remarks here Someone anonymous's answer to Do Indonesia military still play huge influential role in the domestic affairs of Indonesia after the downfall of Suharto?What should we discuss more in public:At Strategic Level (Defense Ministry and Foreign Ministry domain or maybe at Coordinating Ministry of Political, Legal and Security -Kemenkopolhukam)Minimum Essential Forces. SBY created this policy in last period (from 2007) and create phase to building and modernize our defense forces (until 2024). We should talk more about technological innovation in defense sector like Unmanned submarine project a test of Indonesia’s technological depth / KFX/IFX: South Korea and Indonesia’s Stealth Fighter including also deterrence effect to our neighbors and other player out there Incar Teknologi Jet Tempur, Indonesia Hendak Beri Efek Gentar/ TNI AL: Skuadron 100 Jadi Efek Gentar Bagi Penyusup RI/ Shukoi Su-35 Diharapkan Dapat Beri Efek Gentar Tinggi / Postur Pertahanan Berdaya Gentar Tinggi Indonesia 2017/ what should we discuss more as public are, is it enough? is it align with our threat analysis? is it stick to plan (MEF Phase 2?) are we proud with only “Minimum” (remember M words of MEF) requirement? Can our domestic strategic industry handle it or do we got the technology transfer process from that procurement? Pengelolaan Industri Strategis Indonesia - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas how much the budget? is it reused technology (hibah) or new? are the process is transparent and there are no corruption or kickback or no other motives? (remember Rolls Royce cases to bribe Garuda chairman?) are there any alternative? are we really need that? (need-driven-analysis) Are foreign country/private industries directed our defense policy by selling/give their weapon? (supplier-driven-factors) etc. In US and developed country, public called topics like this as “Military Industrial Complex” Maybe in Indonesia, we won’t reach that complex phase like US (directed the policy), but more concerned problem are “broker/calo/makelar” or intermediate people who have interest (procurement corruption). We have some cases here Siasat Dagang Makelar Senjata / Jokowi Larang Pengadaan Senjata TNI Lewat Broker / Jokowi Tekankan Kerja Sama "G to G" untuk Hindari Korupsi Alutsista and there you are here’s our champion (at 2015). Papa! Media Jepang Sebut Setya Novanto Ikut Lobi Pembelian Pesawat (here’s the original news Indonesia looks to buy US-2 amphibious aircraft from Japan in bid to show solidarity | The Japan Times) / TNI Bicara Soal Dugaan Lobi Pesawat Amfibi Jepang oleh Setya you see? although this is Setya Novanto we talk about, the issues were drown because defense issues are not sexy.Defense Budget. Talking MEF are not separated with defense budget. Defense budget in Indonesia is part of five organization (Defense Ministry, TNI HQ, and each Army, Navy, and Air Forces HQ) and allocated from Defense Ministry. Don’t forget also about our defense budget which doesn’t meet 2% GDP yet Anggaran Pertahanan Kecil, Sebuah Anomali Bagi Poros Maritim Dunia, even in 2014 and 2016 Jokowi cut the defense budget Luhut Sebut Penghematan Anggaran Juga Berdampak ke Pertahanan / Menkeu Potong APBN-P, DPR Tak Rela Anggaran Pertahanan Dipangkas, but we have to appreciate right now is on the right track Anggaran Kemhan Tahun 2017 Rp 108 Triliun, Tertinggi dalam 12 Tahun and don’t forget about transparency and corruption issues Kesejahteraan Prajurit dan Transparansi (which Agusta Westland AW101 Helicopter cases recently is only tip of the iceberg)Military deployment. In strategic level, there are something wrong with how (espescially Army) deploy its forces. Army focusing on Java, where the most populous people where, reserve command such as Kostrad is standby in Java and deployed elsewhere whenever it needed backup. To change that, army dislocation policy still happening until now Pasukan TNI akan disebar ke luar Jawa. At 2015, Wiranto (at that time, He is not the minister, yet) vocal about this issue too Kaji Ulang Gelar Pasukan TNI (read the history behind it) / After he joined the cabinet (again), President instructed Defense Ministry and Armed Forces to study about Wiranto proposal Paradigma Baru Gelar Pasukan, Presiden Jokowi Beri Waktu 1 Bulan Panglima TNI Lakukan Pendalaman/Country Border and Outer Island. There are two problem. One is dispute between neighboring country In foreign policy perspective. It is so hard Penyelesaian Batas Maritim Indonesia: Kenapa Sulit? / In term of military deployment, we have problem about hiring freeze/zero growth recruitment and lack of force in our border Jokowi Minta Pasukan TNI di Perbatasan Ditambah. Creating military installation in our outer island is a challenge too / TNI AU Siap Gelar Kekuatan di Pulau Terluar / TNI akan bangun pangkalan militer terpadu di Natuna / Setelah Natuna, TNI Bangun Pangkalan Militer di Morotai, and our legal policy is late (We just have Ministry of Fishery and Maritime Issues since Gusdur (2000), and Law 27/2007 about Coastal and Outer Island Management since 2007 (and its revision at 2014) and Law 43/2008 about State Territorial since 2008 (which regulated border management and governance, and Law 34/2014 about Maritime which regulated maritime management and governance), meanwhile problem will always arising/ Cegah Masuknya Militan ISIS, TNI dan Polri Perketat Pengamanan Perbatasan / Australia terobos perairan IndonesiaPapua. Yes I know that is a controversial issue and needed new thread only to discussed about this one. In my opinion, demilitarization and openness in Papua is needed with proportionally (Disclaimer: My stand is Papua is integral part of NKRI, final. But you have to open more dialog instead of massive military and paramilitary ‘brimob’ deployment to Papua Pemerintah Diminta Kaji Ulang Pelibatan TNI di Konflik Papua / DPR Papua tolak rencana pangkalan militer di Biak , you can’t just simplify “our President right now advance development in Papua” “nah, it just Jokowi opposition throwing issues near 2019” or showing Trans Papua development, etc ONLY but you have to find solution too about historical/political conflict in 1969 Referendum Pepera and Human Right abuse reconciliation Tim Terpadu Rekomendasikan Penyelesaian 11 Kasus HAM di Papua, it is the core of problem and solving it will have permanent effect. Just like 1965 historical crisis (my stand Someone anonymous's answer to Do you believe that the 30 September Movement 1965 was initiated by PKI (Indonesian Communist Party)?), it’s hard, So right now Central Government under Jokowi, like many other previous administration (Cases of SBY, Megawati, and Gusdur Traktat Lombok yang meredam separatisme Papua) is just sweeping the problem under the rug “meredam masalah” changing attention and direct agenda setting, and seems to simplify to only economical and election problem Upaya Pemerintah Selesaikan Konflik di Papua Dinilai Belum Sentuh Akar Masalah / Redam Kelompok Separatis, Sejumlah Tokoh di Papua Diajak Dialog). Aceh cases handling with GAM is the good example to follow.United Nation Peacekeeping force. We have to appreciate that the number of peacekeeping forces is good since then. The question left are our current deployment aligned with our foreign policy? What is the evaluation? Is it enough to our contribution to peace-making to the world?Regional Security Architecture (ASEAN Marty Natalegawa says ASEAN at risk of being 'torn apart', as China gains upper hand / Is Jokowi Turning His Back on ASEAN? / How should Indonesia engage a hegemonic China?: The Jakarta Post, IORA, SCS issues (later discussed), FDA issues, USA-Asia re-balancing strategy (the latest, U.S. Marines arrive in Darwin for Australia, China exercises / Can the U.S. Pivot Back to Asia?), Asia Pacific security issues like North Korea and now look how China right now shape our Asia Pacific What Does China's 'New Asian Security Concept' Mean for the US? / ‘One Belt and One Road’: Connecting China and the world). We should keep SBY policy “Thousands Friends, Zero Enemy” legacy (Jokowi Signals Break With 'Thousand Friends' Foreign Policy / Insight: Jokowi's foreign policy: Assertive or nationalistic?/ read this as comparison Indonesia: “A Thousand Friends,” But No BFF) and Marty Natalegawa (Former Foreign Minister of SBY) “dynamic equilibrium” concept (Dynamic Equilibrium: Indonesia’s Blueprint for a 21st Century Asia Pacific / Telaah Doktrin Natalegawa “Dynamic Equilibrium” terhadap Kepentingan Ekonomi Indonesia: Studi Kasus Keketuaan Indonesia di ASEAN tahun 2011/ Indonesia’s foreign relations: policy shaped by the ideal of ‘dynamic equilibrium’ ) to involve in many (at least, regional) issues like nuclear crisis in Korean peninsula RI-ASEAN siap jadi negosiator krisis nuklir Korea Utara/ (which Indonesia has good relation with both of country). / Indonesia, South Korea Upgrade Strategic Partnership and the latest Myanmar-Rakhine crisis Rohingya Crisis: A Major Threat to Myanmar Transition and Regional Stability (I appreciate FM Retno Marsudi moves)Continuing Security Sector Reform (SSR) - such as regulate intelligence reform (Example: BAIS should in Defense Ministry level, not TNI. TNI only need tactical and warfare intelligence (intel tempur, only at Asintel & Kotama level), not strategic intelligence like BAIS (which contain also strategic issues analysis -which is domain of Ministry- and it has Defense Attache). The issue was pop up in public discussion two years ago when Ryamizard Ryacudu propose to create defense intelligence agency (like DIA in US DoD, not under Chief of Staff) Imparsial: Lebih Baik BAIS di Bawah Kemhan Dibanding Buat Lembaga Intelijen Baru / Badan Intelijen Strategis TNI dan Kemhan Putus Hubungan , another one is interception law Mendamaikan Pengaturan Hukum Penyadapan di Indonesia / Penyadapan oleh KPK, Polri, dan Kejaksaan Dapat Melanggar Hak Privasi (which is a mandate from Constitutional Court since 2010) should be discussed in parliament immediately/but not until now) another one is highly controversial National Security Law Draft (which has discussed since 2005 and keep stalled in parliament until now). National Security Law must include policy about state of emergency (because our current law last updated in 1959 / Perjalanan RUU PKB: Fenomena RUU Paling Berdarah dalam Sejarah Indonesia / Pemerintah Tunda UU PKB, Usulkan RUU Keadaan Darurat / 25 LSM Tolak Pemberlakuan UU PKB, and still being used in Aceh martial law 2004 which causing many human right abuses / Darurat Militer, Nestapa Rakyat Aceh / Refleksi 13 tahun Darurat Militer Aceh ) how TNI being deployed to help Police force in term of domestic security (tugas perbantuan Kompolnas: Perlu UU Perbantuan untuk Pelibatan TNI Tangani Terorisme / Indonesia Butuh RUU Tugas Perbantuan Dibanding RUU Kamnas / Sipil memaksa militer menjadi pemimpin | merdeka.com / Wewenang Polisi Dipereteli / Indonesia satu-satunya negara tanpa UU Keamanan Nasional ) and how to make National Security Council more efficient and useful (have authority, at least Perkuat Bela Negara, Wiranto Ubah Fungsi Wantannas / Menhan: Bela Negara Bukan Tugas Wantanas / Cegah Tumpang Tindih, Bela Negara Akan Diurus Wantannas / Laksda TNI (Purn) Christina M Rantetana: Dekin Layaknya Wantanas, Kenapa mau Dibubarkan?).Maritime Security. Maritime security is not about illegal unreported, unregulated fishing ONLY, but we have to appreciate Minister Susi Pudjiastuti move, although it is not the strategic problem compare to the other one (although in this case we have to discuss more objective about the substance in this statement Komisioner Komnas HAM Sindir Menteri Susi: Orang Bodoh Juga Bisa Tenggelamkan Kapal not the statement “Stupid” it self).South China Sea. High tension in our front-yard (read this report Countering-Coercion Asia) / Counter-Coercion Series: China-Vietnam Oil Rig Standoff | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative / Chinese carrier enters South China Sea amid renewed tension / China installs weapons systems on artificial islands: U.S. think tank / A Freedom of Navigation Primer for the Spratly Islands | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative / Freedom of Navigation Operations in the South China Sea Aren't Enough Jokowi seems doesn’t have a plan (we can’t understand of his policy/statement about this issues) or maybe doesn’t care about South China Sea Indonesia South China Sea: Going it Alone / The main actor in foreign policy: Is he interested? . All only we have is gesture and show off when he boarding at Natuna in KRI (read my stands against 9 dash line here Someone anonymous's answer to Will Indonesia lose its neutrality on South China Sea after the rising tension in Natuna island? / Someone anonymous's answer to Would USA take such similar aggressive action against Indonesia if they have bitter dispute with Philippine or Vietnam?). We have also to talk about ASEAN failure to reach agreement and issue joint communique about SCS (when China dominance over ASEAN country economy (including Indonesia) break the ASEAN unity about that issues). Sudah Tak Satu Suara, Indonesia Disarankan Keluar dari ASEANSectoral Ego. Don’t forget about ego conflict between civilian agency in maritime security (Bakamla under President, KPLP/Coast Guard under Transporation Ministry, Marine Police (Polair) under Polri/National Police, Fishery Surveillance Ship under KKP/Fishery Ministry, and don’t forget the other agency like Custom and Excise (Ditjen Bea Cukai), Search and Resque Agency (Basarnas) and Immigration (Ditjen Imigrasi) which each of one has its own patrol ship) Tumpang Tindih Aturan Penegakan Hukum Maritim / Mantan Kabais TNI: Bakamla Bertentangan dengan Visi Jokowi / another perspective Syahrin Abdurrahman: Tidak Ada Tumpang Tindih Kewenangan Menjaga Laut / Ide Jonan Membentuk Ditjen Penjagaan Laut & Pantai Dikritik.Projecting Power. Jokowi also doesn’t seem to know how to project our Navy and Air Forces (is it green water Navy? brown water Navy? blue water Navy? ‘Blue-Water’ Navies in the Indian Ocean Region / Indonesia Harus Miliki "Blue Water Navy" / KASAL: Indonesia butuh Green Water Navy and the air force power Jelang HUT TNI AU, Poros Maritim Dunia Jokowi Dipertanyakan ). For instance, choosing Army (again!), breaking the rotation tradition, instead of Navy/Air Forces in 2015 when choosing TNI Commander What Does Indonesia’s New Military Chief Pick Mean? . For comparison, look at this one Chinese Power Projection Capabilities in the South China Sea | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative or you can read this one at China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for CongressGlobal Maritime Fulcrum. Many critics from security academician and think tank about Global Maritime Fulcrum (Poros Maritim Dunia, Jokowi launches maritime doctrine to the world) is only a domestic campaign slogan but doesn’t have its implementation in Navy projecting power/only inward looking Indonesia's Global Maritime Fulcrum: An Updated Archipelagic Outlook? / 3 Years Later, Where Is Indonesia's 'Global Maritime Fulcrum'? / Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum: Challenge and Trajectories Jokowi seems to not give enough attention about this many issues, instead focusing on economy only or bilateral trade Indonesia's Choice: Not the Indian Ocean, But Bilateralism / Indonesian Sea Policy: Accelerating Jokowi's Global Maritime Fulcrum? | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. Infrastructure and logistic is OK for maritime business (I appreciate the spirit from Jokowi) which has some critics like how about this one? Luhut Bebaskan Asing Beri Nama 4.000 Pulau di Indonesia. But remember that with growing economy from shipment and trading, strong Navy and air forces is needed.Cyber Security coordination. Indonesia right now is a top cyber attack capital (as many attack originated from us) Indonesia Tops China as Cyber Attack Capital As I’m learning about this stuff and followed this issue closely, I’m really frustrated for slow progress that it needed 4 years, 2 president (which should be finish in SBY administration in last 2014, but Jokowi delay it again because his political promise to stop creating new agency), 3 times changes of Menkopolhukam (because He keep reshuffling this post every year) to finish National Cyber Agency. Sectoral ego (power grab between Kemhan, Kominfo, BIN, Polri, and TNI and Menkopolhukam) is the main reason….now finally we have National Cyber and Crypto Agency, which is formerly Deputy under Menkopolhukam, now it is an agency under the President, which formed after merger between ID-SIRTII Kominfo, Information Security Directorate Kominfo, and National Crypto Agency (Lemsaneg) (Perpres 53 2017), we have also newly created Cyber Intelligence Director at BIN (spin-off from Technology Intelligence Deputy BIN) (Perpres 73 2017) newly created Cyber Unit at TNI (spin-off from BAIS TNI) (Perpres 62 2016), and Cyber Crime Directorate (spin-off from Special Crime Directorate) at Bareskrim Polri (Perpres 5 2017), and Cyber Operation Center at Defense Ministry (since 2013, which its operational detail was classified information).At Tactical Level (TNI domain)Military professionalism, including not involve again in political interest/security policy. Increasing education, training, doctrine and day-to-day supervision. Including narcotics problem, wife/domestic abuses, and some soldiers criminal act.Personnel welfare, including in remote area. In the past, military is you can call it “makmur” because they have business, concession, cooperation, conglomeration, asset such as land ownership, network to businessman all over the country. You can call it financially independent. After Law 34/2004, business of TNI are being liquidated and TNI can only received money from official budget APBN. Let’s don’t forget that this was an issue and still an issue (until now? Bisnis Militer mencari legitimasi / ”Unkept Promise” Failure to End Military Business Activity in Indonesia ) For you who don’t understand, conflict of interest between businessman and TNI can become human right abuse, see this HRW report Too High a Price The Human Rights Cost of the Indonesian Military’s Economic Activities. After reformation, personnel welfare became an issue because TNI loses its core income and defense budget increasing progress is so slow. Although this is over and over becoming vision and mission while DPR conducted fit and proper test of next TNI Commander Ini Visi Misi Calon Panglima TNI / Capaian Panglima TNI Moeldoko Sejahterakan Prajuritnya , this issues always drown and doesn’t get enough attention than PKI and political issue Kesejahteraan Prajurit jadi Prioritas 2016/ Agar tak 'gelisah', penugasan anggota TNI di perbatasan 6 bulan / Profesionalisme TNI Tak Bisa Lepas dari Kesejahteraan don’t forget about this one “Penasihat bidang Kesejahteraan” Siapa Sebenarnya Tahir, Penasihat Panglima TNI yang Menuai Kontroversi? / Anggota DPR Minta Panglima TNI Jelaskan Pengangkatan Dato Sri Tahir / Tahir Jadi Penasihat TNI, Endriartono: Imbal Jasa / Kedekatan Panglima TNI dengan Bos Mayapada DikritikSocial Conflict. Continuing number 2 about TNI business and asset. Land ownership can create social conflict between TNI and people who live there. Legal problem especially land conflict is always complicated. Sometimes can tend to violence. But the critics is why TNI want to fight his own citizen? Bahaya Laten Sengketa Tanah TNI / Ini Status Tanah Penyebab Bentrok TNI AU dan Warga di Medan / Sengketa lahan Sari Rejo jadi pemicu konflik warga dan TNI AU and ugh about this one Menhan: Rakyat yang Berkonflik Tanah dengan TNI adalah Provokator. Besides lands conflict, sometimes when journalist want to report about this one or another events, it tends to violence and intimidation also. Root conflict usually about obstruction to report and seizure the camera Dewan Pers Kutuk Pemukulan Jurnalis oleh Oknum TNI / TNI didesak tindak tegas pelaku kekerasan terhadap wartawan / Panglima: TNI dan Jurnalis Sudah Berdamai / LBH Pers Kecam Tindakan Kekerasan TNI Terhadap Jurnalis / Dewan Pers: Ada Niat Buruk Jika Anggota TNI AU Halangi Wartawan Meliput. We have to know although TNI classified information (such as military strategy, tactic, special technique, military forces number, detailed version about the budget, intelligence, cryptography method, technology, inside military installation, etc) are protected by Information Public Law 14/2008, but in terms of public domain information, such as public policy, conflict with society, weapon accident, or criminal act, press are protected by Press Law 40/1999. Social conflict like this (violence) will always happen no matter who the commander are. So comprehensive review of doctrine and training will be needed, especially to Bintara level who live inside the society (although that Minister comment is an exception. haha).(Special cases) Papua security abuse. If deployment, the number of military and positioning is a strategic policy, after that its day-to-day operational which TNI domain sparks many critics not only in domestic but also foreign, since Suharto Indonesia: Violence And Political Impasse In Papua (until now, don’t close your eyes Orang Papua dan Orde Baru ala Jokowi / Menyoal Kondisi HAM Papua pada Era Presiden Jokowi / Setahun Jokowi, Komnas HAM: 700 Lebih Rakyat Papua Teraniaya / Komnas HAM Desak Jokowi Hentikan Kekerasan oleh Aparat di Papua Number of people arrested in Papua, along 2014, there are 150 people arrested, 540 people in 2015, and sparks until 2.628 peoples until 2016 July) So the demilitarization campaign in Papua is understandable because of this (is it acceptable? we question the motives later, but here’s the fact). The connection with number 2 before (Personnel Walfare) is this one, you can see it in Papua Miliaran Rupiah, Ini Isu Uang Keamanan Freeport untuk TNI dan Polri / Biaya Jutaan Dolar Mengamankan Freeport di PapuaSo, when our Commander talk (even to press) outside his authority and his domain competency, we have to criticize him. Because Minister who should talk much about strategic policy, not him. In day-to-day, or when we have active operation, that’s his domain. He just have to followed Minister’s policy and President instruction. Not show the “authority” like this one Panglima TNI: Atasan Saya Presiden, Bukan Menkopolhukam atau Menhan/ Posisi Panglima TNI yang Setara Menhan Dikhawatirkan Berdampak PolitisTo your questionWhen talk about defense, and TNI, we can classified Indonesian people into some group:Nationalist: “NKRI harga mati” “Ganyang PKI” “Ganyang Malaysia” ONLY for all question. If we said critiques to armed forces, they said we are traitor or spy. Average Indonesian join this group, Mostly they leave this policy talk to military only. They don’t want to talk details and I don’t blame them, they are only showing their proud to our TNI. Because defense studies is difficult to comprehend. Some purnawirawan classified into this group, maybe only in surface (to get political voters) or not I don’t know.Nationalist ‘hard-core’ or we can say-paranoid. They mostly “exaggerated” about proxy-war, they think Indonesia is the most vulnerable country, most strategic, most rich, most sexy, so other country want to invade us. Freeport, China, Syiah, Komunis, Kolonial, Neoliberal, Asing Aseng is their keyword. They also think, critics from some group to armed forces are effort from other country to “divide et empera” Indonesia again Pihak Asing Ingin Pecah Belah Indonesia dengan Isu Kegaduhan TNI, BIN, dan Polri? Ini Alasannya / Panglima TNI Anggap Ribut-ribut soal Senjata adalah "Proxy War". Pan-Nationalism, have tendency to fascist and racist, conspiracy lover (They tend to create unsupported-data analysis) “I have some A1 info…” (wheter it’s true or not). Some ‘crazy’ purnawirawan classified into this group.Weapon-Fan/Geeks Boy: They know everything about weapon, its series, its capability and many ‘lingo’ about weapon system. They compare Indonesian armed forces to other country armed forces capability. Some of they are also hobbyist and collector. They mostly can be found in online forum, in military sub-forum such Militer - Forum | KASKUS or website like JakartaGreater or Jurnal Maritim in comment section. Some people mostly undermined or trolling (“This is -name some alutsista- better than that” “For what they buying this stuff” “TNI is greater than country X blabla” which is favoritism and can’t get the right answer) or get into senseless debate with other group when other group talk about TNI. “They don’t know anything” “They just talk”Human Right activist: Indonesia armed forces history can’t be separated from human right abuse at New Order Era. So they mostly talk about armed force violence, torture, dwi-fungsi, martial courts, TNI business and TNI role in social politics. They advocated issues about TNI reform which big part of security sector reform (SSR), anti-militarization, civil-supremacy, military-politicization, etc. Some notable people/institution/NGO are: Al Araf (Imparsial), Munir, Haris Azhar Aziz(Kontras, because at Orde Baru, TNI often alleged being involved in activist/criminal kidnapping cases), etc.Intellectual: They are academician who have studied in field: National Security, International Relation, Strategic Studies, Geopolitics, Public Policy, Defense Studies, etc. In other country, there are many established, well funded think-tank who take special interest in defense policy like RAND Corporation, Center of Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Brookings Institute (which sometimes their studies about Indonesia or foreign media are being called foreign agent interest here. haha). In Indonesia itself, some notable speaker is Connie Rahakundini Bakrie (UI), Prof. Salim Said (Unhan, specializing in military politics), Jaleswari Pramowardhani (LIPI, now part of President Deputy Chief of Staff), Susaningtyas Kertopati (UI, former Member of Parliament also, specializing in intelligence communication), Andi Widjajanto (UI, former Cabinet Secretary), Ikrar Nusa Bakti (LIPI, although recently he is known more as a political analyst, now Ambassador), Kusnanto Anggara (CSIS), Evan Laksmana (CSIS), Mufti Makaarim (Institute for Defence, Security, and Peace Studies (IDSPS)) etc. Some purnawirawan known as “Intellectual officer” like Rear Admiral (Ret.) Soleman Ponto (former Chief Military Intelligence BAIS), Gen. (Ret.) Moeldoko (former TNI Commander, he hold doctoral degree!), Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Agus Widjojo (later, Military Staff and Commando School of TNI Commander (Dansesko TNI), now, Lemhanas Governor), or SBY (later, Chief of Social-Politics of TNI, former President) (Agus Widjojo and SBY is some of key people in TNI reform in 1999 who propose “Paradigma Baru TNI”) Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono also classified into this one by pioneering Defense University (Unhan) establishment. Some of them (Intellectual) also included in Komisi I DPR-House of Parliament (which supervises Defense Ministry and TNI)Disclaimer:None of this were classified information and these are public information based on Law 14/2008 (you can find it at official website of Kemhan/TNI, books, papers, and national mainstream media/foreign news outlet)If you think my critics mostly to person like Jokowi, General Gatot Nurmantyo or General Ryamizard Ryacudu, yes it is my academic opinion. I’m not part of any political party, foreign country/NGO, ahokers, liberal, asing aseng, syiah, even PKI haha (response to Heboh Sambutan Panglima TNI yang Bikin Ahokers, Orang Liberal dan PKI Ketakutan), or people who scare that Gatot will became President (Elektabilitas Makin Kinclong, Kader PKI Serang dan Bully Jenderal Gatot) (for what? I don’t care either if he want to become President, it his right, but just do your job right now and stop talking and doing politics like TNI have to). I’m not attacking their personal. I’m just talking and reminding the mandate of our security sector reform of, and that person who happened to be our Military Commander and Defense Minister (coincidentally they are, now) and whoever our President is (currently it is Jokowi), should hold that commitment to reform as a nations since 1998. They are public official, so their policy/statement have to be open to receive input/critiques. My opinion is about defense policy and military in general (past administration will not forgotten) but right now, our current commander-in-chief is Jokowi. So give it a take.No matter what my critics to military/defense policy of Indonesia, there you are, I will said it. “NKRI harga mati” haha. I thanks and applaud TNI for their service to our sovereignty and our security. I proud of them, because lack of budget doesn’t stop their spirit Alutsista Minim, TNI AD Kawal Negara bermodal Semangat. I don’t want to discredit them, and made they are our public enemy. Don’t spin it. They just have to keep progressing with reform. They have to know with great power, comes great responsibility. This is part of my supports to them.

NYSE . This is the biggest market in the global as of now.New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)OverviewThe New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is an American stock exchange on Wall Street in New York City. With a market cap of more than US$16 trillion, the NYSE is the world’s largest stock exchange, averaging US$169 billion in daily trading value in 2013. As of 2014, the NYSE (also known as “the Big Board”) has a listing of nearly 1,900 companies, 1,500 of which are US companies.1) The NYSE is owned by Intercontinental Exchange and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.History Of The New York Stock ExchangeThe NYSE was founded 17 May 1792 when 24 stockbrokers signed the Buttonwood Agreement on Wall Street in New York City. Famously, they met beneath a Buttonwood tree and formed a centralized exchanged for the burgeoning securities market in the United States. The agreement eliminated the need for auctioneers—used frequently for wheat, tobacco and other commodities—and set a commission rate. The organization made the Tontine Coffee House its headquarters and focused on government bonds.2)Twenty-five years later, 8 March 1817, the organization officially became the New York Stock & Exchange Board, later simplified to the New York Stock Exchange. Throughout the early 1800s, the NYSE expanded beyond government bonds and bank stocks. New York itself soon surpassed Philadelphia as the financial center or the United States.Advances in telegraphic communication allowed buying and selling through the telegraph, creating a new ease in trading. Membership increased and became more exclusive.3)By the start of the Civil War, securities, commodities and gold, discovered in California, excited participation in the exchange.The location changed several times before settling into its present location at 11 Wall Street in 1865. The Neo-Classical building was registered as a Historic Landmark in 1978.In 1878, telephones were installed, giving investors direct access to brokers on the floor of the exchange. The increased activity made the exchange cap the number of members to 1,060, seats for which required purchase from retiring members.Between the late 1800s and the end of World War I, the NYSE struggled in the wake of international turmoil. Then the stock market crashed 23 October 1929, causing an 89% drop in share prices.4)The crash led to heavy regulation by the US government. The NYSE subsequently registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. On 19 October 1987 the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 508 points, the biggest crash since 1929.Technology on the NYSE moved from early ticker tapes to handheld computation devices to its current high-speed transactions.NYSE TradingWhen a company registers with the NYSE (fundamentally to raise capital), shares of the company’s stocks become available for public trading. Traders wanting to invest in the stock market can buy and sell stocks online through exchange companies. Trading takes place on the trading floor through floor brokers and Designated Market Makers. The NYSE assigns Designated Market Makers to each stock to provide liquidity—the only exchange that requires this assignment.5)Opening and closing bells are rung at the start and end of each trading day; the NYSE’s hours of operation are Monday through Friday, 9:30 am to 4:00 pm ET. Since the 1870s, market participants have been invited to ring the bell, included CEOs, celebrities and more.6)Trading is automated, with the exception of occasional high-priced stocks, making the NYSE the premier hybrid market. Trades execute in less than a second when electronic, while manual trades typically take nine seconds.7)Likewise, trades run in a continuous auction format. Currently, investors need only find a brokerage who is a member of the NYSE. Through the brokerage, investors buy and sell stocks and other products from quotes provided to the brokerage from the NYSE.NYSE ProductsThe NYSE holds five regulated markets, including the New York Stock Exchange, Arca, MKT and Amex Options. The NYSE lists medium and large companies, with smaller companies listing on NYSE MKT. On the NYSE, investors can trade several major asset classes: equities, options, exchange-traded funds (NYSE Arca) and bonds (NYSE Bonds).IndicesThe NYSE houses several stock market indices: the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the S&P 500, the NYSE Composite, NYSE US 100 Index, the NASDAQ Composite and others.NYSE Listing CompaniesThe NYSE is currently the world’s largest IPO provider, raising US$55 billion in 2013.8)Companies listing on the NYSE use a ticker symbol (Apple Inc.: AAPL). Some 20% of the industries represented are from financials—trusts, insurance, and others.9)Oil and gas, consumer goods and services, healthcare, technology and telecommunications are among other major industries covered by the NYSE.Major corporations listing on the NYSE include:Bank of AmericaFord Motor CoSprint CorpGeneral Electric CoTwitter Inc.Pfizer Inc.As a response to the market crash of October 1987, the NYSE established a circuit breaker system in October 1988, whereby trading is halted temporarily if the prices fall steeply in a short period of time. The system was devised under the recommendation of the federal Brady Commission report, which suggested that rapidly falling prices could intensify panic among investors and cause limit orders to become stale.10)The report also suggested that broad price swings could create uncertainty about order execution, which would prompt investors to refrain from trading. The NYSE said that by implementing a pause in trading, “investors are given time to assimilate incoming information and the ability to make informed choices during periods of high market volatility.”11)Initially, the exchange set the triggers to suspend trading for up to 15 minutes following point declines in the Dow Jones Industrial Average of approximately 10%, 20% and 30%. In 2013, the exchange altered the rule to establish circuit breaker triggers for declines of 7%, 13% and 20% in the S&P 500. Also under the rules modification, if the market declined by 20%, trading is halted for the remainder of the trading session.Under the influence of the changes implemented at NYSE and other U.S. exchanges, some other exchanges around the globe adopted the system over the years.12)Since the establishment of the circuit breaker market protection system, the NYSE has been subject to periods of stress on several occasions.October 1989: The prices on the NYSE exchange saw a 6.9% one-day decline following a collapse of the junk bond market.October 1997: The Dow Jones fell 7.2%, in response the outbreak of the Asian Financial Crisis.September 2001: In the wake of terror attacks in New York on September 11, the NYSE was closed for four trading sessions. It was only the third time since since March 1933 that the exchange was closed for more than one session.May 2010: The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell about 10%, its largest intraday percentage drop since the October 19, 1987 decrease, in what was called the “Flash Crash.”October 2012: The exchange was closed for two days due to Hurricane Sandy. It was the first weather-related multi-day shutdown since 1888.July 8, 2015: The exchange halted trading for nearly four hours due to technical issues that were initially suspected to be the result of a cyber-attack. No evidence of a security breach was found.13)Membership Organization And LicensingAfter its founding, the membership of the NYSE gradually expanded and by 1868 it was set at a fixed number of 533 “seats.” The term came from the fact that, in its early years through around the 1870s, members sat in chairs to trade.Holding a seat on the NYSE entitled the owner to directly trade stock on the exchange. Because of this privilege, the seats, which were initially sold for a price of US$25, gained value over time and became a commodity in their own right. The most expensive seat ever was sold for US$625,000 in 1928, which on an inflation-adjusted basis was the equivalent of over US$6 million.14)In 1878, the number of seats was set at a fixed level of 1,060, though it was raised to 1,366 in 1953. In 2005, the exchange accepted an agreement to merge with Archipelago and become a for-profit, publicly traded company. As part of the deal, seat owners received US$500,000 in cash per seat and 77,000 shares of the newly formed corporation. With the change in the ownership structure, the NYSE now sells one-year licenses to trade directly on the exchange.15)In 2015, licenses for floor trading were available for US$50,000 and a license for bond trading is available for US$1,000. Unlike seats, licenses cannot be resold, but they can be transferred during the change of ownership of a company that holds them.16)Competition And MergersIn 1971, NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), founded its own exchange, NASDAQ, which specialized in electronic trading and eventually became a U.S.-based rival to the NYSE. In 2006 NYSE merged with Archipelago Holdings, forming NYSE Group, Inc.; and the following year, NYSE Group, Inc. merged with Euronext N.V., which manages exchanges in France, Belgium, Amsterdam and Portugal.17)Following this merger, NYSE Euronext CEO introduced electronic trading on the NYSE to replace its traditional open outcry system. In 2008, NYSE Euronext acquired the American Stock Exchange, and in 2011, NYSE Euronext was sought for purchase by Deutsche Borse. The latter action, however, was rejected by European regulatory authorities.18)In December 2012, NYSE Euronext was acquired by the IntercontinentalExchange, which separated NYSE from Euronext. In 2016, Deutsche Borse proposed to purchase the London Stock Exchange for US$30 billion, making it a potential strong rival for the NYSE in Europe.19)Despite facing new rivalries, the NYSE still remains the largest exchange in the world. It represents a market capitalization greater than the next three largest exchanges (NASDAQ, Tokyo and London) combined.Influence Of NYSE On The EconomyThe NYSE is one of the earliest major world stock exchanges, and it has grown to have significant influence on the U.S. and global economies. As the largest exchange in the U.S. and in the world, the NYSE and its trading are understood to be responsible for the creation, and destruction, of large amounts of financial wealth every hour of every trading day. The rise and fall of share prices on the NYSE affects investor sentiment, encouraging or discouraging investors to spend more or less money in the economy according to gains or losses in their investment portfolios.The exchange offers companies a significant mechanism to raise capital for their investments, which also injects money directly into the economy and into the creation of jobs. Trading volume on the NYSE in 2015 totaled US$18 trillion, nearly equal to the U.S. gross domestic product and approximately 20% of the gross world product, according to an estimate calculated by the World Bank.20) New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)Thanks