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I can provide you a list of 1297 ideas and projects which you can make for your mechanical engineering projects. I had collected this list from so many friends of different colleges, and major topics are from my domain. I am collecting this from second semester of my college time. I am only providing the list of topics and not the details of each project as the answer would become more lengthy. and you have to do some effort to find out more about the topic you like and I can help you if found any difficulty. I had also arranged the list in alphabetical order.Project topics for final year mechanical students..………………………………………………by vaigyanik Atul Tripathi.1. automobile fuel indicator2. automobile braking systems3. spart distributor4. like other utilities.5. AEMS automotive engine management system using Meqa Squirt Kits6. Redesign of brake assembly of Formula SAE car7. Hydraulic car lift8. Lift for small recreational vehicles (˜Motor cycle jack™)9. Stair climbing hand cart10. Wheel chair accessible transfer seat base11. Paper towel dispenser12. Automatic labeling system13. 1st TYPES OF PRODUCTION14. 3 Axis Digital Accelerometer15. 3D Solar cells16. 3D-Kinematics Of Biological Joints17. 4d visualization in biomedical18. 4-Wheel Independent Suspension19. A Case Study Of Management20. A Clean Biodiesel Fuel Produced from Recycled Oils and Grease Trap Oils21. A Design Theory Based22. A DOUBLE-WALL REACTOER FOR HYDROTHERMAL OXIDATION WITH SUPERCRITICAL WATER FLOW ACROSS THE INNER POROUS TUBE23. A FLUID-SOLID INTERACTION MODEL OF THE SOLID PHASE Epitaxy In Stressed Silicon Layers24. A Hypersonic Hybrid Vehicle25. A Managtoreological Semi Active Isoolator to Reduce Noise and vibration transmissibility in Automobiles26. A Study Of A Displacement Amplifier27. A Theory Of Anharmonic Lattice Statics For Analysis Of Defective Crystals28. Ablative MAterials29. ABRASION WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SAND CAST Al-707530. Abrasive Blast Cleaning31. Abrasive Etching32. Abrasive Water Jet33. Flywheel energy storage device34. Automated MIG weld torch cleaner (all on the market are crap, million dollar idea)35. Temporary house stairs that can be folded up and meet safety standards (used when building houses)36. Cable recoil system that does not use a spring, recoil is on a rotating shaft. (like used on a rowing machine)37. Windmill blade automatic blade pitch system (low or no electricity).38. Automatic automotive block heater connection (just drive up to house and plugs in automatically and cycles on only when cold out)39. Shaft speed differential (different design but same idea as automotive axel differential)40. IC engine valve lift control mechanism (valve lift controlled engine instead of throttle plate) (Mercedes has a model) (investigate "jake brake" in diesel engines)41. ABS System42. ACC-Plus(Adaptive Crusie Control+) System43. Acoustic Emission Based Machining Tool Condition Monitoring “ An Overview44. acoustic parking system (APS)45. Acoustics in Engineering46. Active Control of Near-Wall Turbulent Flow47. Active Decoy Systems48. Active Electrically Controlled Suspension49. Active Electrically Controlled Suspension(16)50. Active Front Lighting System51. Active roll-over protection system in Automobiles52. Active Suspension System A Mechatronic System53. Adaptive air suspension54. Adaptive compensation of DTV induced brake judder55. Adaptive Cruise Control56. Adaptive Cruise Control For Modern Automobile57. ADVANCE IN CAR SAFETY58. Advance Systems In Two Wheelers59. Advanced Airbags60. Advanced Composite Materials61. Advanced Cooling Systems(18)62. Advanced Diesel Common Rail Systems for Future Emission Legislation63. Advanced Energy Conversion Systems64. Advanced In Mechanical Engg. Design And Manufacturing65. ADVANCED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE RESEARCH66. Advanced Off-set printing67. Advanced Plastics68. Advanced Propulsion Methods(8)69. ADVANCED QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES70. Advanced Rocket Motors71. Advanced safety features in nuclear reactors72. Advanced trends in manufacturing technology-optical fiber sensor in medicines73. Advances in automobiles (Hybrid Vehicles)74. ADVANCES IN CAPILLARY FLUIDS MODELING75. Advances in cutting tool technology76. Advances in Gas Turbine77. AdvanCES Trends in manufacturing TECHNOLOGY optical Fiber sensors in medicine78. Aerodynamics79. Aerospace Flywheel Development80. Aerospace Propulsion81. Aerospikes82. AFFECT_AND_MACHINE_DESIGN_A83. Agile manufacturing84. AGP Evolving the Graphics Interface85. Air- Augmented Rocket86. Load tests and many other tests on composite material (for automobile industries).87. Design of pressure vessel to code specification.88. Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)89. Variable speed transmission (line Nuvici bike hub)90. This would be very important when trying to make a good electric vehical.91. One way Clutch92. There are sprag and clicker type couplings. Sprag is hard to manufacture and the clicker style (bicycle hub type) are noisy and wear out. Come up with a new way and you are a millionaire93. High speed cutting of thin wall tube without making burr on the end. (low cost)94. Heat recovery system for internal combustion engine. (steam or likewise)95. Effecient pnumatic motor design (compressed air energy recovery system)96. Automated gray water recovery system97. Air Bearing Next Generation Bearings98. Air Bearings99. Air Bearings: - Next Generation Bearings100. Air Brithing Engine101. Air Casters102. Air Cushion Vehicles(21)103. Air pollution from marine shipping104. Air Powered Car105. Air Ship106. Air suspension system107. Airbags & ABS~108. Aircraft design109. Aircraft Egress110. Aircraft Maneuverability111. Aircraft Propeller~112. Airport management113. All- wing Technology114. Alternate Fuel Cells for Automobiles115. Alternative Abrasive To Diamond116. Alternative Fuel117. Alternative Fuel Vehicles118. Alternative Fuels Hydrogen in internal Combustion engines119. Alternative System To The Domestic Refrigerating System120. Aluminium Alloy Conductors121. Amoeba Organization122. Amphibious Army Surveillance Vehicle123. Amphibious Army Surveillance Vehicle124. AMRR125. AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AIR FUEL RATIO126. AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AIR/FUEL RATIO OF GASEOUS FUELLED ENGINE127. An expert System “ Based design of 3-Dof Robot128. AN EXPERT SYSTEM-BASED DESIGN OF 3-DOF ROBOT129. An overview of nano-manufacturing130. Analysis and Design Methods of Distributed Sensor131. Analysis And Design Methods Of Distributed Sensor Systems For Manufacturing Quality Improvement132. Analysis Of Material Using Digital Radioscopy133. Antilock Braking System134. antimatter135. Antimatter -the ultimate energy136. Antiroll suspension system137. Antiskid System Of Supersonic..138. Application Of Crvoi Reatmkm Fok Enhancement In Tool Like139. APPLICATION OF CRYOTREATMENT FOR ENHANCEMENT IN TOOL LIFE140. Application Of Cryotreatment..141. application of cryotreatment12142. Application of GPS in automobiles143. Application Of Laser Machining In Diamond Processing144. Applications Of Micro-Controller In Auotomobile145. Applications Of Nanotechnology146. Aqua Silencer - A Noise & Emission Controller147. Aque Fuel148. ArcJet Rocket149. Artificial Intelligence150. Artificial Intelligence (Modelling Air Fuel Ratio Control)151. Artificial Intelligence Future Around Us152. Artificial Intelligence In Mechanical Field153. Artificial Intelligence-Present And Future154. Artificially Engineered Material Composites155. Aspheric lenses156. Assembly Of Water Cooler157. Atkinson cycle engine158. ATOMIC BATTERY159. Atomistic Characterization of Dislocation Nucleation and Fracture160. Auto Drilling With Geneva161. Automated Anorectal Lymph Node Sampler162. Automated Assembly System163. Automated Highways164. Automatic Braking System165. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION System166. Automatic transmission tiptronic, 5-speed167. Automation And Robotics168. Automation in building construction, agriculture etc169. Automation Of Ultrasonic Testing Procedures170. AUTOMOBILE AC BY UTILISING WASTE HEAT & GASES171. Automobile Air Conditioning172. Automobile design173. Automobile Tires174. Automotive Infotainment175. Autonomous Submarines176. AUTONOMOUSLY GENERATIVE CMM Part177. Avionics178. Babbitt metal179. Balance Of Tool Holder180. BALL PISTON ENGINE181. Ball Piston Engine A New Development In Rotary Engines182. Ball Piston machines183. Ball valve184. Ballastic Particle Manufacturing185. Batch Production186. Battery Electric Vehicle187. Bearing Life Measurements188. Bench top wind tunnels189. Benchmarking190. Bike Of The Future- Pneumatic Bike191. Bio Diesel192. Bio-degradable polymers193. Bio-diesel - the next generation fuel source194. BIODIESEL & IT™S UTILITY195. Biodiesel From Jatropha196. Bio-ethanol As Fuel197. Biofiltration198. Biogas199. Biologically inspired robots200. Biomass as an Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engine201. Biomass As An Alternate Fuel For Diesel Engine202. Biomass Fuelled Power Plant203. Biomass Gasification204. Biomechanics205. Biomechatronic Hand206. BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION207. biometrics security208. Biomimetics209. Bioreactors210. biturbo211. Blasting cap212. Blended Winged Aircraft213. BlueTec214. Boimetrics: An Unparelled Security Check System215. Boosting Gas Turbine Energy Efficiency216. Bose suspension system217. Brake Assisting Systems218. Brake booster219. Breakthroughs in Engine Efficiency220. BUSINESS EXCELLENCE THROUGH QUALITY221. Business Process Analysis By BPR222. Business Process Re-Engineering223. Butterfly Valve224. Butterfly valvecatalytic converter225. cad226. CAD & CAE IN BIOMEDICAL FIELD227. Caged Ball Technology228. Cam less Engines229. Camless engine with elctromechanical valve actuator230. Can a ship fly?231. Car Handling232. Carbon Fibre On F1 Cars233. Carbon Foam-Military Applications234. Carbon nanotube cloths235. Carbonfibre On F1 Cars236. Cargo storage in space237. Catalytic Converters238. Catalytic lean Burn engield Engine With Two239. Cavitation shotless peening240. Cell Integration Into A Manufacturing System~241. Centrifugal Compressors242. Centrifugal Pump243. Ceramic fastners244. Ceramic Hybrid Ball Bearing245. ceramic Inserts246. CeramicLike Coatings247. CFD A Third Approach In Fluid Dynamics248. CFD Analysis Of A Simple Convergent Flow Using ANSYS FLOTRAN 10.0249. CFD In Weather Forecasting250. CFD/FEM/FEA/CAE251. CHALLENGES IN PLASMA SPRAY ASSEMBLY OF Nanoparticles To Near Net Shaped Bulk Nanostructures252. Characterization Of Microchannel Materials For Biochip Development253. Chloro Fluro Carbons254. Cleaning Of Metal255. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION BY BIOMASS GASIFICATION256. Clutch Lining Testing Machine257. CNC SYSTEMS258. COAL GASIFICATION259. Coating Of Corbide Inserts260. Coded Modulation Techniques For Direct-Detection261. Collision warning system262. Combing Developments & Their Significance-Mech10263. Combustion Control Using Optical Fiber264. Combustion Research265. Combustion Stability In I.C.Engines266. Combustion Stability Of NG IC Engine267. Common Rail Direct Injection (Crdi) Engines268. COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND FINITE ELEMENT Results For Elastic Plastic Stress269. Complex System Development270. Composite Materials271. Composite materials272. Composite materials for aerospace applications273. Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion(44)274. Compresed Air Cars Technology275. Compression Tube fittings276. Computational Fluid Dynamics277. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN278. Computer Aided Analysis of Composite Laminates279. Computer Aided Process Planning (Capp)280. Computer Aided Production Engineering (CAPE)281. Computer Integrated Manufacturing-Building The Factory Of Future282. Computer Modelling283. Computer-Aided Geometric Design284. Concentrating Solar Power Energy From Mirrors285. Concept Cars286. Concept Of Flying Train287. ConCurrent Engineering288. Condenser Bushing289. CONDITION MONITORING OF BEARINGS BY ECHO PULSE METHOD290. Condition Monitoring Through Vibration Measurement291. Conditional monitoring & fault Diagnosis292. CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR OF Cu-Co-Fe PRE-ALLOYED Powers293. Constitutive Modelling of Shape Memory Alloy Using Neural Networks294. Contactless energy transfer system295. Continuously Variable Transmission296. Control of Cure Distribution in Polymer Composite Parts Made by Laminated Object Fabrication (LOF)297. Cooling And Lubrication Of Engines298. Cordless Tools299. Corrosion resistant gear box300. Corrugated Metals301. Cost Effective Safety Instrumented Systems302. crap & bipip303. Crew Exploration Vechicles304. Crop Harvester305. Crop Harvesting Machine306. CROSS HYBRID SOURCE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORKS307. Cruise missile technology308. Cryogenic Automotive Propulsion Zero Emission Vehicle309. Cryogenic Ball Valves310. Cryogenic Grinding311. Cryogenic Processing of Wear Control312. CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE & THEIR PROPELANTS313. Crystaline Silicon Solar Cells314. Cummins Diesel Fuel System315. Cushioning Impact in Pneumatic Cylinder316. CVCC317. CVT318. Cybernetics319. Cylinder Deactivation320. Damage Detection By Laser Vibration Measurement321. Damage identification in aging aircraft structures with piezoelectric wafer active sensors322. DARK ROOM machining323. Data Fusion For Quality Improvements In Complex Solar Cell Manufacturing Processes324. Deformation-Assisted Transformations In Nanocrystalline And Amorphous Alloys325. Dendritic Solidification Using Phase-Field Method326. desert cooler327. Design And Development Of Automated328. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODIFIED OPERATIONAL CONTROLS ON SINGLE MOLD MACHINE329. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF WEEDING MACHINE330. Design And Fabrication Of Artifically Engineered Material Composites For Electromagnetic Systems331. Design for Manufacturing332. Design for manufacturing “ A giant lip in world class manufacturing333. Design of a medical device and its network for generating334. Design of an active car chassis frame incorporating magneto rheological fluid335. DESIGN OF AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLES FOR FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS336. Design Of Efficient Production337. Design of Efficient Production Systems Using Petri Net338. Design, Analysis, Fabrication And Testing Of A Composite Leaf Spring339. Design, Implementation, Utilization Of FEM340. Desktop Manufacturing341. Determination Of Transmission Specta Using Ultrasonic NDE342. Development & Application343. Development In Arc Welding Process Using Robot344. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGV MATERIAL. Development Of High Performance345. Development Of An Ultrasound Sensor For High Energy Medical Applications346. Development Of Coated Elecrodes For Welding Of HSLA Steels347. Development Of High Performance348. Development Of Self Lubricating Sinterd Steels For Tribological Applicants349. Development Of Self Lubricating Sintered Steels For Termilogical Application350. Development Status Of Superconducting Rotating Machines351. Diamond Cutting Tool And Coatings352. Diesel Particulate Filter353. Different Types Of Injection Systems And Emission354. Diffusion Flame Shapes And Thin Filament Diagnostics355. Digital manufacturing356. Digital Manufacturing Using STEP-NC357. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING358. Digital Water Marking for color images using DWT and its applications359. Direct Injection Process360. Direct Manufacturing361. Direct Reduction Iron362. Direct shift gearbox (DSG)363. Directed Energy364. DISASTER EARLY WARNING SYSTEM365. Distribution Side Management For Urban Electric Utilities In India366. D-M-A-I-C MODEL IN SIX SIGMA367. Dose Evaluation In Moving/Deforming Anatomy: Methods And Clinical Implications368. Double-wishbone suspension369. Drag Racing370. Drive-By Wire Systems(23)371. Driver information system (DIS)372. DRY MACHINING373. DRY SLIDING WEAR STUDIES ON HYBRID MMC™S “ A Taguchi Technique374. Dual Clutch Transmission375. Ductile Mixed-Mode Fracture Criterion Development And Crack Growth Simulations376. Durability in Design377. Durable Prototyping378. DurAtomic Process379. Dynamic Ride Control (DRC)380. Dynamic shift program (DSP)381. Dynamics of Cutting Viscoelastics Materials382. Dynamics Of Cutting Viscoelastics Materials383. Dynamics Of Sport Climbing384. E85Amoeba Organization385. Eco-Freiendly Surface Treatments386. Ecofriendly rac387. Ecofriendly technology1388. Economical E-Beams389. Effect Of Catalytic Coating390. Effect Of Grash Of Number391. Effect Of Preload On Stability And Performance Of A Two-Lobe Journal Bearing392. Effect Of Pressure On Arc Welding Process393. Effect Of Stacking Sequence On Notch Strength In Laminates394. Efficiency In Boring395. E-gas396. Elasto-Capillary Thinning And The Breakup Of Complex Fluids397. Elecro Magnetic Flowmeters398. ElecroHydraulic Sawmills399. Elecromagnetic Valves400. Electric Automobiles401. Electric Cylinders402. electric power steering units403. Electric Rocket Engine404. Electric Vehicles405. Electrical Energy Generated in a Power Station406. Electricity From Ocean Waves407. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) & EBM~408. Electromagnetic Bomb409. Electromagnetic Brakes410. Electromagnetic Clutches411. Electronbeam Machining~412. Electronic Multipoint Fuel Injection System413. Electronic Road Pricing System~414. Electronically Controlled Air Suspension System415. Electronics For Better416. Electronics for Better Diesel Engine Management417. Electrostatic precipitator418. Embedded Applications Design Using Real-Time419. Embedded Computing in Mechanical Systems420. emergency caller421. Emission Control Techniques422. Energy Conservation Of Rubber Industry423. Energy Conversion and Management424. Energy efficient turbo systems425. Energy Engineering: Biodiesel426. Energy saving motors427. Energy-absorbing bumpers428. Engineering Applications of Nylon 66429. E-NOSE430. Ergonomics431. Esterfied Jatropha oil as bio fuel432. Ethanol433. ETHANOL an alternate fuel434. EURO V435. Evaluation Of A Gamma Titanium Aluminide For Hypersonic Structural Applications436. Evaluation Of High-Power Endurance In Optical Fiber Links437. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT PIPE438. Experimental Analysis of Modified Machine Tools439. Experimental Characterization And Numerical Modeling Of A Float Glass Furnace440. Experimental Stress Analysis For Pipes441. Expert Technician System442. Explosive Welding443. External Nodes In Finite Element Analysis444. EYE READER445. F1 Track Design And Safety446. Facility Layout Design Using Genetic Algorithm447. FADEC - Full Authority Digital Engine Control(41)448. FADEC - Full Authority Digital Engine Control.449. FADEC - Full Authority Digital Engine Control.450. Failure Analysis of Lap & Wavy-Lap Composite Bonded451. Failure mode evaluation and criticality analysis452. Fast Boundary Element Calculation Of Acoustic Radiation From Vibrating Structures By Mortar Coupling453. Fast breeder reactor technology454. Fast Convergence Algorithms For Active Noise Controlin Vehicles455. Fiber-Optic Telecommunication And The Economic Benefits456. Finite Element Analysis457. Finite Element Analysis for an Effective cross-sectional Beam458. Finite Element Analysis Of Robotic Arm For Optimal Work Space Determination459. Flexible Manufacturing System460. Floating Power Stations~461. Floating Solar Power Station462. Floating Wind mills463. Fluid Energy Milling464. FLUID POWER A DOUBLE-WALL REACTOER FOR HYDROTHERMAL OXIDATION WITH SUPERCRITICAL WATER FLOW ACROSS THE INNER POROUS TUBE465. Flyash Utilisation466. Flying on Water467. Flywheel Batteries468. Flywheel Energy Storage469. FMS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems)470. Forge Welding471. Fractal Robot472. Fracture Mechanics In Design And Failure Analysis473. Free Electron Laser474. Free Form Modelling Based on N-Sided Surfaces475. Freezing Of Biological Tissues476. Friction Stir Welding477. Friction Welding478. Friction Welding Of Austenitic Stainless Steel And Optimizatin Of Weld Quality479. Frictionless Compressor Technology480. Frictionless Compressor Technology(48)481. Fuel Cell Airplane482. Fuel cell powered Go-Karts483. Fuel Cell Today484. Fuel Cells & Their Substitutes485. Fuel Cells on Aerospace486. Fuel Energizer487. Fuels from Plastic Wastes488. Full Colour 3D Modelling Using Rapid Prototyping489. Functional Nanocrystalline Ceramics490. Fundamental Aspects Of Micro/Meso-Scale Manufacturing And Micro-Scale Milling491. Fused Deposition Modelling492. Future Cars493. Future Electrical Steering System494. FUTURE OF BAG FILTER FOR REMOVAL OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN POWER STATION495. Future of FEA iN MAnufacturing496. Future of Portable Power497. Future Trends In Automobiles498. Fuzzy Logic499. FUZZY LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE500. Fuzzy logic in Aircraft stability501. Fuzzy Logic In Automotive Engineering502. Gas Hydrates503. Gas Hydrates: Alternative for Natural Gas in Future504. Gas Transfer Systems505. Gas Turbine506. Gaseous Pyrolysis507. Gasoline Direct Injection Or GDI508. gate valve509. Gauges510. Gear Box511. Gear Drives512. GEAR NOISE REDUCTION BY NEW APPROACHES IN GEAR FINISHING PROCESSES513. Genetic Algorithm Based Optimum Design Of Composite Drive Shaft514. Geothermal Energy Utilization515. Geo-Thermal Energy(19)516. Geothermal Power517. Glass Glue518. Glass Making519. Global Environment Problems520. Global Positioning System521. Global warming522. Globalization523. Globe Valves524. GPS525. Green Energy526. green engine527. Green Factory528. Green fuels529. Green Manufacturing530. Grid Generation And Simulation Using CFD531. Guided Missile532. HalBach array533. Handfree Driving534. Handheld Radiation detector535. HANS536. HANS-In F1 Racing(45)537. Harvesting Wave power538. Heat caps539. Heat Pipe540. HEAT PIPES FOR DEHUMIDIFICATION AND AIR CONDITIONING541. Heat Transfer542. Heat Transfer Along A Vertical Insulated Chimney543. HEAT TRANSFER AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS FOR BUOYANCY INDUCED FLOW THROUGH TUBES544. Heat Transfer Enhancement By Forced545. Heavy duty Gasoline engines546. Helicopters547. HELIUM-A CRYGENICS FLUID548. Hexapod Machine Tool549. High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms550. High angle of attack aerodynamics551. High Efficiency Heat Exchanger552. High Performance Heat Sink Based On Screen-Fin Technology553. High Performance Microprocessor554. High Speed Precise Gear Boxes555. High speed Propellers556. High speed Railway coaches557. HIGH SPEED TRAINS558. Highly Productive And Reconfigurable Manufacturing System(Hiparms)559. High-Wire car560. Hologram561. Hovercrafts562. How To Increase Starting Torque Of A Locomotive.563. Human Artificial organs564. Human Transporter565. Humans and Energy566. HVDC Transmission567. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)568. Hybrid energy Systems569. Hybrid Engine570. Hybrid Motorcycles*571. Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD)572. Hybrid Wind Electrolysis System573. Hydraulic Analysis Of Hydrostatic Bearing Of Primary Sodium Pump Of A Fast Breeder Reactor574. Hydraulic Elevators575. Hydraulic free pistan engine576. Hydraulic railway recovery systems577. Hydro Drive578. Hydro Electricity579. Hydro Jetting580. Hydrodynamids & gas liquid581. HYDROFORMING582. Hydrogen583. Hydrogen Car584. Hydrogen Energy585. Hydrogen Fuel Tank586. Hydrogen Generation via Wind Power Electrolysis587. Hydrogen Production using Nuclear Energy588. Hydrogen the next generation fuel589. Hydrogen Vehicle590. Hydroplane591. Hydroplanning592. Hydro-Pneumatics593. Hydro-Pneumatics An Efficient Tool for Automation594. Hydrulic Launch Assist 21595. Hyperplane596. Hypersonic Space Planes597. HyperTech Engine598. Hy-Wire Car(43)599. IC Engine (Internal Combustion)600. Ic Engines601. ICE Blasting602. Iddq Testing For CMOS VLSI603. IGES CAD604. Image Processing Software To Detect Defects In Glass605. I-Mode606. Impact hammers607. Impact Of Fuel Quality608. Implication of Molecular nanotechnology technical performance parameters on previous defined space system architecture609. Improved efficiency of gas turbine610. IMPROVEMENT IN TOOL LIFE OF MILLING CUTTER BY APPLICATION OF CRYOTREATMENT611. Improving aerodynamic performance of an aerospace vehicle612. Improving Service Quality..613. In Mould Lamination Technique614. In View Of The High Commercial Gains Of A Commercial Place I615. Independent Wheel Vehicle Suspension616. Indian Manufacturing Scenerio617. Industrial Robots618. Industrial Team Behavior And Management Tools619. Influence of an iron fuel additive on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine620. Influence Of An Iron Fuel Additive On The Performance And Emissions Of A DI Diesel Engine621. Information Technology And The Analysis Of A Complex System622. Infrared623. Infrared Curing And Convection Curing624. Infrared Thermography625. INITIAL CURVATURE GENERATION FOR OBJECTIVE MIRRORS OF NEWTONIAN TELESCOPE626. Injection Molding627. INNOVATION IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRIES 1628. Instrument Landing System629. Integrated Web Enabled Information...630. Integration Of Reinforced631. Intelligent Braking And Vehicular632. Intelligent Compact drives633. Intelligent manufacturing634. Intelligent Vehicles and Automated Highways635. Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)636. Internal Combustion Engine637. Inverse Design of Thermal Systems638. Investigations On Laser Forming639. Iontophoresis640. IT Application in Complex Syatem Analysis641. Jack Hammer642. Jatropa oil- Alternative fuel643. JATROPHA CURCAS644. Jelly Filled Telephone Cables645. Jet Engine646. Jet Powered Boat647. Jet Stream windmill648. Jetex Engine649. Jetropha based biodiesel650. JKJ651. Job Scheduling Using Neural652. Job Scheduling Using Neural Network Foe Rapid Manufacturing653. Just In Time654. Kaizen655. Kaizen Culture656. Kalina cycle657. KANBAN-AN Integrated JIT System658. Knowledge Based CAD for Technology Transfer659. Laminated Object Manufacturing660. Laod Sensing Hydraulics661. LASER 3_D SCANNER662. Laser Beam Delivery Through663. LASER BEAM MACHINING664. Laser Machining (Case study: Stereolithography)665. Laser Micromachining666. Laser radar Guns667. Laser Shot Peening668. LASER Sintering669. Latest in hitech petrol fuel injection GDI (Gasoline direct Injection)670. Latest Trends in Automotive Engg.& Technology671. Launching Space Vechicles from Moon672. Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine673. Lean engineering674. Lean Manufacturing675. Lean to Steer Concept676. Lenoir cycle677. Level Measurement Of Bulk Solids678. Light weight material-Carbon fibre679. Liquid Engineering680. Liquid Hydrogen as an Aviation Fuel681. Liquid Injection Thrust Vectoring (LITV)682. Liquified Natural Gas683. Lng Vehicles684. Load Cells685. Logistics and supply chain management686. Logistics In A Competitive Milieu687. Long Term Mine Reconnaissance System688. Low Cost Spacecraft Simulator689. Low emission gas turbine690. Low Gloss ABS system691. Low inertia dics clutches692. Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS VLSI Design693. Lubrication Of A Ball Bearing- A Review694. Machine Phase Fullerene695. Machine tools vibration, Noise & condition monitoring696. Machine Vision697. Machining Technology For698. Machining Technology Of Leaf Spring699. Macromolecular Hydrodynamics700. Magnegas-The Fuel Of Future701. Magnetic Bearing702. Magnetic Launching703. Magnetic Levitation704. Magnetic Nanocoposites705. Magnetic refrigeration706. Magnetic Resonance Imaging707. Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining (5)708. Magnetorhilogical Semi-isolator to reduce noise and vibration transmibility to automobile709. Managerial710. Manufacturing Of Leaf Spring711. Manufacturing Through Electro Chemical Machining712. MAP Sensor713. Marine electric propulsion714. Mass Airflow Sensor715. Mass Production716. Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS)717. Master Planning For College Campus718. MATERIAL BALANCES IN THE MISSILE719. Material Requirements Planning720. Material science including Nano-science721. Materials Of The Future722. Mechanical Behavior of Filament-Wound Pipes723. Mechanical Behavior Of Filament-Wound Pipes724. Mechanical Design Education At WPI725. Mechanical Model Of The Finger726. Mechanical Properties Of Mmc™s- An Experimetnal Envestigation727. Mechanical Seal728. Mechanical torque limitors729. Mechanics Of Composite Materials730. Mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids731. Mechanosynthesis732. Mechatronic733. Mechatronic Strategies for Torque Control of Electric Powered Screwdrivers734. Mechatronic Strategies For Torque Control Of Electric Powered Screwdrivers735. Medical Application Of Nano Tech.736. MegaSquirt737. MEMS “ a pollution free option for power generation738. MEMS & APPLICATION739. MEMS (New)740. MEMS In Industrial Automation741. MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)742. Mesotechnology743. Metal Deposition744. Metal Matrix Composites745. Metal Nanoshells746. Metal-Matrix Composite Processing747. Metal-Matrix Composite Processing(49)748. Metamorphic Robots749. Methanol Vehicles750. Methods In Accelerator-Driven System Dynamics751. MHD submarine752. Micro- And Nano-Mechanics Of Surface Contact Plasticity753. Micro Batteries754. Micro Electro Mechanical System 123755. Micro Fluidic Chips756. Micro Gravity757. Micro Heat Exchangers758. Micro Hydraulics759. Micro Machines760. Micro Moulding761. Micro Pumps762. Micro scale regenerative Heat Exchanger763. Micro Turbine764. Micro/Meso-scale Manufacturing765. Microair Nozzles For Precision766. Microbial Fuel Cells767. Microcellular Foam Technology10768. Micro-Electromechanical Systems769. Microengines for microprocessors770. Microfinishing Of Rollers In Roller Bearings771. Microfluidics772. Micromanipulating Micromachines773. Micromixers774. Microscale Breaking Waves And Air-Sea Gas Transfer775. Micro-Scale Milling776. MicroTopography777. MICROTURBINE778. Military Radars779. Miller Cycle780. Miller Cycle Gas Engine781. Minimum Quantity Lubrication782. Mission Of Mars783. Modeling And Optimization Of Electron Beam Wealing Proces Using ANOVA784. Modeling and simulation785. Modeling of circulatory system and adventure in computer786. MODELLING OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM787. Models And Methods In The Neutronics Of Fluid Fuel788. Models Of Random Damage789. Modern Air Pollution Control Technologies790. Modern Centrifugal Compressors791. MODERN TRENDS IN AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING792. Modified four stroke engine793. Modular Cam Locks794. Modular conveyor Belts795. Modular Gear motor796. Modular workstations797. Molecular Engineering798. Molecular hinges799. Molecular Manufacturing800. Molten oxide electrolysis801. Monitoring of bearings802. Mordern Prototyping Methods803. Motors Without Mechanical Transmissions804. Motronic Engine Management805. Moulds in Casting of Plastics and Thermoforming806. Multi Valve Engine(50)807. Multifunction Control System For Robotic Fire Detection808. MultiJack Bolt Tensioners809. Multiple material milling platform810. MULTI-PURPOSE WHEELCHAIR CUM STRETCHER811. Namotechnology future perfect812. Namotechnology Shaping the future813. Nano in navy814. Nano Robotic Manipulation System815. Nano Robotic Manipulation System816. Nano Spreader Cooling817. Nano Technology818. Nano Technology Binding Experiment With Biosensor819. Nano Technology It's Small, Small, Small, Small World820. nanobatteries821. Nanocrystalline Thin-Film Si Solar Cells822. Nanomaterial Based Catalyst823. Nanorobotics824. Nanoscale Armor825. Nanoscale Fractals826. nanoTechnology827. Nanotechnology & Mechanical Engineering828. Nanotechnology A Deep Insight829. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CANCER THERAPY830. Nanotechnology future perfect831. Nanotechnology-shaping the future832. Nanoventions Micro-Optic Modeling And Control Of Micro-Scale Systems833. NAUTICUS MACHINE CALCULATONS834. NAUTICUS_MACHINARY_CALC835. Navigation836. Near Net Shape Fabricatons Via Vacuum Plasma Spray Forming837. Near Net Shape Memory838. New Age Tyres(9)839. New Finite Element Analysis for Unsteady 3D Natural Convection840. New rolling technique for texturing841. New Rolling Techniques842. New trends in Automobile Design843. Night Vision844. NIGHT VISION SYSTEM845. Noise Analysis For Optical Fiber Communication Systems846. Non Destructive Evaluation Techniques847. NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WELDS848. Non-conventional Energy Sources849. Nono Fluidics850. Nuclear & Radiological Engineering & Medical Physics Program851. Nuclear fuel reprocessing852. Nuclear Power Potential as Major Energy Source853. Nuclear Space Craft854. Nuclear's Next Generation855. Ny-Tran - Alternative To V Belts856. Ocean Thermal Energy857. Oil Shear brakes858. Oil well drilling859. Online Analytical Processing860. Optical trapping and manipulation of small particles861. Optimal Design And Analysis Of Automotive Composite Drive Safety862. Optimal utilization of renewable energy sources in remote areas863. Optimisation of Mechanical Systems864. Optimizing Centrifugal Pump865. Options & Accessories Of Car866. Opto-Electronic Sensor System867. Orbit Forming868. Orbital Welding869. Orbital/Space Mechanics870. Over-the-wing Engine mount configration871. Packaging872. Para-Gliding-Landing With Cygnus Airbag Safety System873. Particle Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites874. Pasteurization875. PC Controlled Gear Manufacturing876. Pendolina system for railway passenger comfort877. Performance evaluation of methanol Blended fuels in S. I. engines878. Performance Analysis of Manufacturing Systems879. Performance And Evaluation880. Performance Characteristics Of Pump Handling881. Performance Evaluation of solar Still Thermo Electric Mode882. Permanent Magnet Generator883. Perpetual Motion Machines884. Personal Transporters885. PHENOME-NERVE886. Photoacoustics Of Small Gas Clouds887. Photomechanics888. Photonic Crystals889. PICO SAT890. Piezoelectric Actuators891. Pint Sized Power Plants892. Piston less dual chamber rocket fuel pump893. Piston Ring894. Plasma Arc welding895. Plasma Science896. Plastic Welding897. Plastics In Automobile898. Plug-In-Hybrid Cars899. Pneumatic Bike900. Pneumatic Circuit1901. Pneumatic forming902. Pneumatics Control Systems903. Pnuematics904. Poka Yoke - Japanese Tech905. Polymers castings906. Porous Burner Technology907. Portable Power908. Portable X-RaY Fluorescence Analyser909. POWDER METALLURGY910. Power frequency magnetic fields911. Power From Space For Use On Earth912. Power Generation By Compressed Air Final913. Power Generation By Using Road Speed Breakers914. Power Hump915. Power System Contingencies916. Practical Fuel-Cell Vehicles917. Precision Engineering and practice918. Precision Engineering and practice919. Precision manufacturing and Inspection920. Probabilistic design of mechanical components921. Problems And Control Of Backfire For Hydrogen922. Process Automation Techniques923. PROCESS QUALITY MODEL IN SCM PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS924. Process Steam Generation.......925. Processing And Tribo Behaviour Of Nylon CLAY Nanocomposites Under Abrasive Wear Mode926. Product Definition And ..927. Programmable keyless entry928. Programming Self-Recovery In The Humanoid929. Propulsion Subsystems930. Protein Encapsulation Using U.V PEG Hydrogels931. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell932. Pseudoelasticity and Shape Memory in Metal Nanowires933. PTFE AS LUBRICANT1934. Pulse Detonation Engine (1)935. Pulse Tube Refrigerator936. PULSE WELDING A NEW WAVE IN WELDING937. Pulsed Plasma Thruster938. Pump Noise level reduction methods939. PVD Film Method940. Pyrometers941. Quality Circle942. Quality Control943. QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES OF THE KANBAN SYSTEM944. Quality function deployment945. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) For Total Quality Management946. Quality in maintenance through TPM947. Quantum Chromo Dynamics948. Quantum Computing949. Quasi turbine950. Quasi-turbine Future Trends In Automobile Engine951. Quieter Fans For HVAC952. RAC953. Radar Guns954. Radar Guns and Laser radar Guns955. RADIANT ENERGY WELDING PROCESS11956. Random vibrations957. Rapid Design for Lean Manufacturing958. Rapid Injection Moulding959. Rapid Prototyping960. Rapid Prototyping “ Slicing Strategies961. Rapid Prototyping Technique Based On 3d Welding962. Rapid Re-Usable Tooling963. Rapid Tooling964. Recent Advances In Statistical Quality Control965. RECENT TRENDS IN AUTOMOBILES966. Recent Trends in Quality Management967. Recycling Of Plastics968. Redesign Of Plant Layout Using Travel Chart Technique (A Case Study)969. REDUCTION OF IDLE TIME THROUGH TPM-A CASE STUDY ON JUTE MILL970. Reduction Technology971. Re-Entry Of Space Vehicle972. Refined IC Engines973. Regenerative Brake974. Regenerative braking975. Regenerative Fuel Cells976. Reliability and risk analysis977. Reliability Redundancy Design-Using Simulation978. Remote Engine Starting..979. Remote Signal Acquisition And Interface Unit For Focal Ultrasound Surgery Procedures980. Remote Signal Acquisition And Signal Processing For Focal Ultrasound Surgical Procedures981. RENESIS ROTARY ENGINE982. Renewable Energy Design Application In Water Cooler983. REPORT984. Research Activities On Radio On Fiber Communication Network In TAO985. Research Aircrafts986. Research and Materials of Armor Design987. Research On Modified Layers Of Material Surface For Cr12 Mov Cold Die988. Resistojet Rocket989. Responsive manufacturing990. Return Of Two Stroke Engine1991. Reusable Launch Vehicles992. Reverse Engineering993. Reverse Engineering in Mechanical parts994. Reverse Engineering In Mechanical Parts 1995. Reverse Osmosis996. REVIEW OF LASER MICROMACHINING IN CONTRACT MANUFACTURING997. Rheology998. Rijke Tube999. RISK MANAGEMENT1000. Risks of Nano Engineered Particles1001. Robonaut1002. Robot driven cars1003. Robotic Assistants For Aircraft Inspectors1004. Robotic Pioneering1005. Robotic roller coasters1006. ROBOTICS1007. Robotics & AI1008. Robotics for Performing Surgical Operations1009. Robotics For Performing Surgical Operations1010. Robotics~1011. Robots In Radioactive Environments1012. Rocket Powered Aircraft1013. ROLE OF SATELLITE IN MOBILE SYSTEMS1014. Rotating Parallel Grippers1015. Rotating Scroll Power Compressor1016. Rubber1017. Rubber Products by Calendaring1018. SAFE HANDLING OF HC1019. Safety features of railway rolling stock1020. Safety Systems1021. SCADA1022. Scope of MEMS in Space1023. SCRAM JET1024. Sc ramjet engine1025. Scrubber Tech.1026. Scrubber.1027. Scuderi Split Cycle Engine1028. Sea Power1029. search engine optimization1030. Secure User Authentication Using Automated Bio-metrics1031. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)1032. Selective Plating1033. Self Activated Single Use Switch1034. Self Aware Robots1035. Self Extinguishing PVC's1036. Self Healing Space crafts1037. Self Monitoring Pneumatic systems1038. Self Repairing Composites1039. Self Replicating System1040. Self-Assembly For Nano And Micro Manufacturing1041. Self-Healing Polymer Technology1042. SELF-REPLICATING SYSTEM1043. Selling Price Decision Support System For A Job Order Based Manufacturing Unit1044. Semi automatic transmission1045. Semi solid Casting1046. Seminar on Oil Drilling1047. Semi-synthetic cutting fluids1048. Sensotronic Brake Control System1049. Sensotronic Braking System1050. SEQUEL THE CONCEPT CAR1051. Set Up For Small Scale Industry1052. SHAPE DEPOSITION MANUFACTURING (SDM)1053. Shape Memory Alloys1054. SHED1055. Shock Absorber Testing System1056. Shock Waves & Shock Diamonds1057. Simple Constitutive Models For Linear And Branched Polymers1058. Simulation of Fuel Injection System of A Diesel Engine1059. Single Crystal Turbine Aerofoil1060. Six - Stroke Hybrid Engine1061. Six Sigma1062. Six Sigma - A Quality Control Tool In Industry1063. SIX SIGMA “ EFFECTIVE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT TOOL1064. SIX SIGMA AS A QUALITY CONTROL MEASURE “ A CASE STUDY IN DAIRY INDUSTRY1065. Six stroke engines1066. Size Reduction Of Window Air Conditioner1067. Skid Steer Loader And Multi terrain Loader1068. Sky Rocket1069. Small Satellites1070. Smart aerospace structures1071. Smart Ammunition1072. Smart Autoreeling mechanism1073. Smart Bombs1074. Smart Cards1075. Smart Combustors1076. Smart Fluids In Automotive Devices1077. SMART MATERIAL1078. Smart material actuators1079. Smart Materials1080. Smart Pnuematics1081. Smart Tire1082. Snake robots1083. Snake Well Drill1084. Snaps To Replace Screws1085. Software Based Re engineering..1086. Solar Aircraft1087. Solar Cells and Solar Cell Modules1088. Solar Chimney Power Generation System1089. Solar Energy Conservation To Hydrogen 1121090. Solar Heat Energy Storage In Phase Change Materials1091. SOLAR HEAT ENERGY STORAGE IN PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS1092. Solar photo voltaic cell- Alternative fuel1093. Solar Photo-voltaic Cells An Alternative Fuel1094. Solar Ponds1095. Solar Power Satellites (SPS)1096. Solar power Tower1097. Solar Powered Refrigerator1098. Solid Base Curing1099. Solid carbide end mills1100. Sonic Rain Gauge1101. Sono bouys1102. Sowing Machine1103. Space Craft Propulsion1104. Space Elevator (3)1105. Space Elevator Modified Again Boss Agn1106. Space Robotics1107. Space Shuttle1108. Space Shuttle Boosters1109. Space Shuttles And Its Advancements1110. Space ShuttleSemisolid Casting1111. Space stations1112. Space Transportation System1113. Spacecraft Propulsion1114. Spark Sintering1115. Special materials for high temperature applications1116. Special materials for ultra low temperature applications1117. Speech Recognition1118. Sports Plane1119. Springage1120. Spring age1121. Static Analysis Of Self-Recoverable Humanoid1122. Stealth Fighter1123. Stealth Radar1124. Stealth Technology1125. Steam Cars1126. Steam Engine1127. Steer- By -Wire1128. STEP CAD1129. Stereoscopic Projection Systems1130. Stirling Engine1131. Stirling Engine For Co-Generation1132. Strategies For Product1133. Stratified Charge Engine1134. Structural Applications Of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete1135. Studies On Freezing Time Of Foodstuffs1136. Studies On Phosphoric Irons For Concrete Reinforcement Applications1137. STUDY AND DESIGN OF WAVE GUIDE NOTCH FILTER FOR A FREQUENCY OF 28 GHz.1138. Study Of Bio degradation Of Polyesters1139. Study Of High Temperature Crack Initiation In Single1140. Super Air Nozzles1141. Super Charging1142. Super Flat Nano Films1143. Supercase Hardening process1144. Supercavitation1145. Supervisory Control1146. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition1147. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCADA1148. Supply Chain1149. Supply chain management1150. Supply chain management and internet1151. Sustainable Engineering1152. Swing Bowling1153. Symmetrical All Wheel Drive1154. Synthesis Of Planar Mechanism With Variable Topology “ Review1155. Synthetic Aperture Radar1156. System Improvements Through TQM1157. Systems for Manufacturing Quality Improvement1158. Systems Modeling and Simulation1159. Tabletop Thermoacoustic Refrigerator For Demonstrations1160. Technical Development In Car1161. Technology-Based Entrepreneurship1162. Telematics1163. Temperature Resistant Alloys1164. Tension Control Brake1165. TERRA-FORMING MARS1166. Test Ranges / Facilities/Readiness1167. Testing of Welds1168. The Atomic Battery1169. The chaff box or cutter was a simple but ingenious device for cutting straw chaff1170. The Challenge Of Intelligent Systems1171. THE CHALLENGE OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS101172. THE DESIGN OF CELLULAR.....1173. The Effects Of Precipitate Distributions On HSLA Grain Structure1174. The Engineering Research Role in Environmental Noise Control1175. The Gyro Machine1176. The Gyro Machine : Using Non Planar Mechanism1177. The Hy-Wire Car1178. The Present Status Of The Domestic Nuclear Power Industry1179. The Role Of Software In Nuclear Engineering1180. The solar chimney power plant1181. Thermal Conductivity Of Porous Material1182. Thermal Plastic Composites1183. Thermo Acoustic Refrigeration1184. Thermo electric Technology1185. Thermo Hygrometer1186. Thermoacoustic Refrigerator1187. Thermostatic Refrigerator1188. Therrmophoresis1189. Thin Vacuum Conveyors1190. Thread Locking Device For Handling Thread At Flexible Endoscopy1191. Thread less Couplings1192. Tidal technology1193. Tip Tronic Gear transmission1194. tire & wheel without pneumatic1195. Tool Management System1196. Topographic Characterization And Modeling Of The Precision Surface Grinding Process1197. Torque And BHP1198. Total quality Management1199. TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE (TPM)1200. Total Quality Management1201. Touch trigger probes1202. Towards A Customer Driven Enterprise : "Search On 3D Parts In Large Repositories1203. Towards New Platform Technology For Sustained Observations1204. TQM A Successful Journey (A Case Study)1205. TQM Implementation Learning Form Indian Organizations1206. Traction control1207. Transfer Machines1208. Transient Thermal Analysis Of Railway1209. Transient Thermal Analysis of Railway Wheel & Axle1210. Tran sonic aircraft1211. Trench less Technology1212. Trends in welding1213. Tribological Characteristics Of Cutting Fluid Groups1214. Tribology 121215. Tribology Of IC Engine1216. Tribology Of Sealing1217. Tribometer1218. Triptronic Automatic Gear Transmission1219. Turbine Technology In Automobile1220. Turbine Technology In Car1221. Turbines in silicon1222. Turbofan Engines1223. Two Stage Fuel Injection System1224. Types Of Bearing1225. Types Of Tires1226. Tyre Pressure Monitoring System Ad1227. Tyre Monitoring System “ 11228. Tyre Re Treading1229. Tyre Threading1230. Ultra Nano Crystalline Diamond1231. Ultrasonic NDE And Characterization Of Aerospace Materials1232. ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING1233. Ultrasonic Phased Array For Defect Cartlization1234. Ultrasonic and Acousto-Optics for the Nondestructive Testing of Complex Materials1235. Underwater Acoustic Data Communication1236. Underwater Welding1237. Underwater wind mill1238. Unmanned Mine Spotter1239. USE OF DIFFERENT CONDITION MONITORING TECHNIQUE FOR PLANT1240. USE OF RICE HUSK AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN BOILERS “ A CASE STUDY ON RICE MILL1241. UTILIZATION OF WASTE POLYETHYLENE1242. Vacuum Braking System (4)1243. Vacuum Chuck1244. Vacuum Work holding1245. Value Engineering1246. Valve tronic1247. Valvetronic Engine Technology1248. VANOS (Variable Nockenwellen Steuerung)1249. VARIABLE CAM1250. Variable compression ratio engine1251. Variable Length Intake Manifold (VLIM) (7)1252. Variable Speed Drives1253. Variable Valve Timing In I.C. Engines1254. Vehicle Control And Information Systems For Safe Driving1255. Vehicle Dynamics1256. Vehicular Emission Control1257. VENDOR RATING1258. Vertical Landing and takeoff engine1259. Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK)1260. Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft's1261. Vibration Analysis Of Flywheel Using Finite Element Analysis1262. Vibration control Techniques1263. Vibratory stress relief process1264. Virtual Manufacturing System1265. Virtual Prototyping1266. Virtual Reality Simulation1267. Virtual Reality Visualization1268. Virtual Reality1269. Visualization and Computer-Aided Design1270. VTEC1271. VVT-I1272. WANKEL ENGINE1273. Warm Gas Thruster Development Using Gaseous Hydrogen And Oxygen With Catalytic Ignition1274. Waste Heat Driven Refrigeration And Chilling Systems.1275. Water Diesel Emulsion With High Injection Press1276. Water jet cutting technology1277. Water Jet Technology1278. WATER JET TECHNOLOGY AS ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROCESS1279. Water Rocket1280. Wave Springs1281. Weapon Engineering / Design1282. WEB AUTOMATION FOR INTEGRATION OF POWER SYSTEM APPLICATION1283. Web Based E-Commerce Shopping System1284. Weber Carburetors1285. Weld flaw detectors1286. Welding Robots1287. What Is A Nuclear Reactor1288. When Upgrading Tool Holders1289. Wind diesel System1290. Wind Energy Conversion System 101291. Wind engineering1292. Wind From The Sun-Power Plant1293. Wireless Energy Transmission1294. Wireless factories1295. WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURING1296. Written-Pole Technology1297. ZERO EMISSION NITROGEN PROPULSION SYSTEMfor further query feel free to mail me. or up vote and comment your topic in answer.

The 2019 Indian general election was held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha. The votes were counted and result was declared on 23 May.[1][2][3][4]About 900 million people were eligible to vote and turnout was over 67 per cent – the highest ever as well as the highest participation by women voters.[5][6][note 2]The Bharatiya Janata Party won 303 seats, further increasing its substantial majority[8]and the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance won 353 seats.[9]The Indian National Congress party won 52 seats, and the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 91. Other parties and their alliances won 98 seats.[10]Indian National Congress again failed to secure the requisite 10% of the seats (54 seats) in the Lok Sabha and hence India remains without an official opposition party.[11][12]Legislative assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim were held simultaneously with the general election,[13][14]as well as by-elections to twenty two seats of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.[15]Contents1 Election system2 Election schedule 2.1 Rescheduled voting, cancellations3 Campaigning 3.1 Issues 3.1.1 Allegations of undermining institutions 3.1.2 Economic performance 3.1.3 National security and terrorism 3.1.4 Unemployment 3.1.5 Agrarian and rural distress 3.1.6 Dynasty politics 3.2 Campaign controversies 3.2.1 Income tax raids 3.2.2 Social media abuses and fake news 3.2.3 NaMo TV and Modi biopic 3.2.4 EC actions under Article 324 3.3 Party campaigns 3.4 Party Manifestos 3.4.1 Highlights of the Congress manifesto 3.4.2 Highlights of the BJP manifesto 3.4.3 Other parties 3.5 Campaign finance 3.6 Candidates with criminal charges4 Parties and alliances5 Voter statistics 5.1 Electronic voting machines and security 5.2 Turnout6 Opinion polls, exit polls and seat projections7 Results8 Reactions 8.1 National 8.2 International9 Timeline10 See also11 Notes12 References13 Further reading14 External linksElection systemAll 543 elected MPs are elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The President of India appoints an additional two members from the Anglo-Indian community if he believes that community is under-represented.[16]Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote, possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India or an equivalent.[17]some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.[18]The elections are being held on schedule and as per the Constitution of India that mandates parliamentary elections once every five years.[19]Election scheduleOfficial logoElection scheduleThe election schedule was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, and with it the Model Code of Conduct came into effect.[20][21]The election was scheduled to be held in seven phases. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, the election was held in all seven phases. The polling for the Anantnag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir was held in three phases due to violence in the region.[22]Phase-wise polling constituencies in each stateState/Union territoryTotalconstituenciesElection dates and number of constituenciesPhase 1Phase 2Phase 3Phase 4Phase 5Phase 6Phase 711 April18 April23 April29 April6 May12 May19 MayAndhra Pradesh2525Arunachal Pradesh22Assam14554Bihar404555588Chhattisgarh11137Goa22Gujarat2626Haryana1010Himachal Pradesh44Jammu and Kashmir622​1⁄3[n 1]​1⁄3[n 1]1​1⁄3[n 1]Jharkhand143443Karnataka281414Kerala2020Madhya Pradesh296788Maharashtra487101417Manipur211Meghalaya22Mizoram11Nagaland11Odisha214566Punjab1313Rajasthan251312Sikkim11Tamil Nadu3938[n 2]Telangana1717Tripura211[n 3]Uttar Pradesh80881013141413Uttarakhand55West Bengal422358789Andaman and Nicobar Islands11Chandigarh11Dadra and Nagar Haveli11Daman and Diu11Delhi77Lakshadweep11Puducherry11Constituencies5439195116​1⁄371​1⁄350​1⁄35959Total constituencies by end of phase91186302​1⁄3373​2⁄3424483542[n 2]per cent complete by end of phase17%34%56%69%78%89%100%Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.Polling in Vellore was cancelled. (see below)Polling in Tripura East was rescheduled from 18 to 23 April.Rescheduled voting, cancellationsVellore, Tamil Nadu: Over ₹11 crore (US$1.6 million) in cash was seized in Vellore from DMK leaders – a regional party in Tamil Nadu. According to The News Minute, this cash is alleged to have been for bribing the voters.[23] Based on the evidence collected during the raids, the Election Commission of India cancelled the 18 April election date in the Vellore constituency. The DMK leaders have denied wrongdoing and alleged a conspiracy.[24]Tripura East, Tripura: The Election Commission of India deferred polling from 18 to 23 April due to the law and order situation.[25] The poll panel took the decision following reports from the Special Police Observers that the circumstances were not conducive for holding free and fair elections in the constituency.[26]CampaigningMain article: Campaigning in the 2019 Indian general electionIssuesAllegations of undermining institutionsThe opposition parties have accused the NDA government is destroying democratic institutions and processes.[27]Modi denied and blamed Congress and the communists for undermining institutions including the police, CBI and the CAG, and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.[28]The Congress party, other opposition parties and a group of retired civil servants have accused the ECI as being compromised and as endorsing the model code of conduct violations by Narendra Modi and other BJP political leaders during their campaign.[29][30]Another group of 81 retired civil servants, judges and academics disputed these allegations, made counter-allegations, and stated that the ECI acted fairly and similarly in alleged violations by either side. The group states that such political attacks on the ECI are a "deliberate attempt to denigrate and delegitimise the democratic institutions".[30][31]Economic performanceAccording to The Times of India, the major economic achievements of the incumbent NDA government include an inflation rate less than 4 per cent, the GST reform, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. Its programs, in recent years, that have positively touched many among the Indian masses, include the Jan Dhan Yojana, rural cooking gas and electricity for homes.[32]According to the IMF, the Indian economy has been growing in recent years, its GDP growth rate is among the highest in the world for major economies, and India is expected to be the fastest growing major economy in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, with real GDP projected to grow at 7.3 per cent.[33][34][35]The GDP growth data has been disputed[32]by a group of Indian social scientists, economists and the political opposition's election campaign, while a group of Indian chartered accountants has defended the data, the GDP calculation methodology, and questioned the motivations of those disputing the recent Indian GDP statistics.[36]The opposition's election campaign has claimed that both the demonetisation and GST law have "seriously hit small business, farmers and casual labour", states The Times of India.[32][37]The incumbent has claimed that they inherited a country from the previous Congress-led government that was "a legacy of policy paralysis, corruption and economic fragility", and that the BJP-led government policies have placed India on better economic fundamentals and a fast gear.[38]Modi claims that his government pursued demonetisation in the national interest, his government has identified and de-registered 338,000 shell companies, identified and recovered ₹130,000 crore (US$19 billion) in black money since 2014, and almost doubled India's tax base.[39][40]The Congress party disputes the incumbents' claims, and has alleged that BJP offices have "become hubs of creating black money", and seeks a judicial inquiry into the Rafale deal with France and BJP's role in corruption.[41]National security and terrorismFurther information: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019) and 2019 Balakot airstrikeIn response to the 2019 Pulwama attack, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan — for the first time since the 1971 Indo-Pak war. The ongoing conflict with Pakistan became a significant factor in the election. The opposition parties accused of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of armed forces.[42]According to the Pew Research Center, both before and after the outbreak of recent India-Pakistan tensions, their 2018 and 2019 surveys suggest that the significant majority of the voters consider Pakistan as a "very serious threat" to their country, and terrorism to be a "very big problem".[43][44]UnemploymentMain article: Unemployment in IndiaAccording to the Pew Research Center, a majority of Indian voters consider the lack of employment opportunities as a "very big problem" in their country. "About 18.6 million Indians were jobless and another 393.7 million work in poor-quality jobs vulnerable to displacement", states the Pew report.[44]A report on unemployment prepared by the National Sample Survey Office's (NSSO's) periodic labour force survey, has not been officially released by the government. According to Business Today, this report is the "first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016". According to this report, the 2017–2018 "usual status"[note 3]unemployment rate in India is 6.1 per cent, which is a four-decade high.[45][note 3]The government has claimed that the report was not final.[50]According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) – a United Nations agency, unemployment is rising in India and the "unemployment rate in the country [India] will stand at 3.5 percent in 2018 and 2019 – the same level of unemployment seen in 2017 and 2016", instead of dropping to 3.4 percent as it had previously projected.[51]According to the ILO's World Employment Social Outlook Report, the unemployment rate in India has been in the 3.4 to 3.6 percent range over the UPA-government led 2009–2014 and the NDA-government led 2014–2019 periods.[51]Opposition parties have claimed in their election campaign that the unemployment in India has reached crisis levels. The NDA government has denied the existence of any job crisis.[52]Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but the accurate data on jobs has been lacking.[53][54]The opposition has attacked the NDA government's performance with the NSSO reported 6.1 percent unemployment data. Modi and his government have questioned this job statistics report, stating that "most surveys that try to capture unemployment rate are skewed since these did not cover the unorganised sector, which accounts for 85–90 per cent of jobs [in India]".[55]Agrarian and rural distressThe Congress party campaign has highlighted "agrarian distress" as an election issue.[56]The BJP campaign has highlighted that the Congress party had been in power for five generations of the Nehru dynasty and its past promises and campaign issues have been empty. It claims that the recent farmer loan waivers by Congress have not reached "even 10% of the farmers" nor has it helped the financial situation of the farmers. BJP highlights that its "Kisan Samman Nidhi" helps the small farmers at the time of seed planting through a direct deposit of ₹6000 to their accounts.[57]The opposition has accused this as being an attempt to lure voters.[58]According to The Times of India, a group of farmer associations have demanded that the 2019 election manifesto of competing political parties should promise to "keep agriculture out of the World Trade Organization (WTO)" and that the interests of Indian farmers must not be compromised in global trade treaties.[59]They have also demanded loan waivers and income support for the agriculture sector.[59]According to the Business Standard and the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization, India has witnessed record crop harvests in recent years including 2017 when its farmers grew more foodgrains than ever before.[60][61]However, the farmers consider the "low remunerative prices" they receive in the free market to be too low and a need for the Indian government to establish higher minimum support prices for agricultural products. These farmers consider this an issue for the 2019 general elections.[60]Dynasty politicsThe BJP has highlighted that the Congress party has relied on Nehru's dynasty for leadership since India's independence, its lack of internal party institutions and claimed that whenever Congress has been in power, the freedom of press and Indian government institutions have "taken a severe beating".[62][63]During the election campaign, its leaders have mentioned the Emergency of 1975, the nepotism, corruption and widespread abuses of human rights under the Congress rule in the past.[62][64][65]Congress-led alliance leader H. D. Kumaraswamy – the son of a former prime minister of India and the current chief minister of Karnataka, has countered that "India developed because of dynasty politics", stating that "dynasty politics are not the main issue, rather country's problems are".[66]The Congress has alleged hypocrisy by the BJP, claiming that the BJP itself forms alliances with dynasty-based parties such as the Akali Dal in Punjab, and that family relatives of senior BJP leaders such as Rajnath Singh and Arun Jaitley have been in politics too.[67]According to an IndiaSpend report published by the BloombergQuint, the smaller and regional parties such as the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, Lok Jan Sakti Party, Shiromani Akali Dal, Biju Janata Dal and Samajwadi Party have higher densities of dynasty-derived candidates and elected representatives in recent years.[68][69]While both the Congress and the BJP have also nominated candidates from political dynasties, states the report, the difference between them is that in Congress "top party leadership has been handed down from generation to generation within the same [Nehru Gandhi dynasty] family", while there has been a historic non-dynastic diversity in the top leadership within the BJP. According to the report, while BJP has also nominated candidates from political dynasties, its better public relations operation "can leap to its defence when attacked on the same grounds".[68]In contrast to the IndiaSpend report, analysis of Kanchan Chandra, a prominent professor of Politics, of the 2004, 2009 and 2014 general elections included a finding that the Congress party has had about twice or more dynastic parliamentarians than the BJP at those elections, and higher than all major political parties in India except the Samajwadi Party.[70][note 4]Many of these dynastic politicians in India who inherit the leadership positions have never held any jobs and lack state or local experience, states Anjali Bohlken – a professor and political science scholar, and this raises concerns of rampant nepotism and appointments of their own friends, relatives and cronies if elected.[71]The BJP has targeted the Congress party in the 2019 elections for alleged nepotism and a family dynasty for leadership.[68][62]Campaign controversiesIncome tax raidsIn April 2019, raids conducted by the Income Tax Department found bundles of unaccounted for cash amounting to ₹281 crore (US$41 million), along with liquor and documentary evidence in premises of people with close connections to Madhya Pradesh chief minister Kamal Nath of the Congress. Modi has highlighted this evidence to attack the Congress in its election campaign, alleging corruption is part of Congress party's culture.[72][73]Social media abuses and fake newsAccording to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, the election had attracted a systematic attempt to spread misinformation through social media.[74][75]Facebook said that over a hundred of these advocacy accounts spreading disinformation were traced to "employees of the Pakistani military public relations wing".[74][75]Some others have been linked to the INC and BJP.[75][74][75]Political parties spent over ₹53 crore (US$7.7 million) with the largest spending by BJP on digital platforms for online ads. The BJP placed 2,500 ads on Facebook while the Congress placed 3,686 ads.[76]According to a study by Vidya Narayanan and colleagues at the Oxford Internet Institute, social media was used by all the major parties and alliances, and all of them linked or posted divisive and conspiratorial content and images. According to Narayanan, "a third of the BJP's images, a quarter of the INC's images, and a tenth the SP-BSP's images were catalogued as divisive and conspiratorial".[77][78]The Narayanan et al. study added that "we observed very limited amounts of hate speech, gore or pornography in either platform samples" by BJP, Congress or SP-BSP, but the election did include proportionally more polarising information on social media than other countries except for the US presidential election in 2016.[78]NaMo TV and Modi biopicSee also: PM Narendra Modi (2019 film)According to The Financial Times and other news sources, on 31 March 2019, the cable and satellite operators – such as Tata Sky, DishTV, and Videocon – added a new "NaMo TV" channel to the dozens of news and entertainment channels they already offer.[79][80][81]Further, independently, a Bollywood biopic named "PM Narendra Modi" starring Vivek Oberoi was due for release in early April. The NaMo TV channel exclusively focuses on replaying Narendra Modi's speeches, the live coverage of rallies by Modi and key leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and presenting the incumbent government's initiatives and achievements in the last five years to the audience that chooses to tune to the channel.[79]The election time Bollywood biopic, states The Financial Times, is "adulatory, which depicts his [Modi's] rise from humble origins as the son of a railway station tea-seller to a strongman who vows to avenge Pakistani terror attacks".[79]The Indian opposition led by the Congress Party and activists opposed to the incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party have expressed outrage and alleged that it violates India's election laws and the regulations on "broadcast channels" under the Programme Codes of the Cable TV Act of 1994.[79][80]The Bharatiya Janata Party and its supporters claim that this is an exercise of the "Right to Free Speech" protected by the Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, a means to address the bias against them and to communicate directly to the voters.[79]They also claim that the NaMo TV does not violate any regulations or laws, as similar "Direct-to-Home (DTH) operator channels" have already been distributed by cable and satellite operators in the past since 2006.[80]Others state that the audience has a choice to ignore or tune into the channel, and "only Modi's most devoted loyalists were likely to tune in". However, they state that if the BJP pressures public facilities and commercial establishments to show it exclusively during the elections then that would lead to abuse.[79]The Congress Party and activists have filed a complaint to the Indian Election Commission, demanding that the NaMo TV channel be stopped.[79]The Election Commission announced on 12 April that any content broadcast on the NaMo TV must be pre-approved by its committee, and only pre-certified content can be broadcast.[81]On 13 April 2019, the BJP submitted the contents of NaMo TV to the Election Commission designated "certification and monitoring committee" for its review and pre-certification.[82]The Election Commission ruled on 19 April 2019, that live speeches of Narendra Modi and other BJP leaders can be broadcast on NaMo TV as well as Twitter platform tweets can be broadcast by Rahul Gandhi and Congress leaders during the silence period. However, neither should mention the constituency or candidates covered by the silence period immediately prior to the polling date.[83]The ECI blocked the release of the Modi biopic while the election is in progress.[84]The producers appealed this "stay" to the Supreme Court.[85]The film was released on 24 May 2019 finally.EC actions under Article 324Election Commission curtailed West Bengal campaigning by one day, after a bust of 19th century Bengali icon Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was vandalised during 7th phase poll violence.[86]Party campaignsMain articles: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election and Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election12 January 2019 – Prime Minister Modi launched the BJP's election campaign.[87]14 February 2019 – The INC president Rahul Gandhi launched his campaign from Lal Dungri village in Gujarat's Dharampur.[88]24 March 2019 – The Aam Aadmi Party began its campaign in Delhi.[89][90]2 April 2019 – The Trinamool Congress party launched its campaign from Dinhata, Coochbehar.[91]7 April 2019 – Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party began campaigning together as an alliance (Mahagathbandhan) along with regional parties such as the Rashtriya Lok Dal.[92] Their first joint campaign started in Deoband in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh.[93][94]Party ManifestosHighlights of the Congress manifestoThe Congress released its manifesto, titled Congress Will Deliver on 3 April.[95][96]Some of its highlights:[95][97][98]Introduce a Nyuntam Aay Yojana welfare program wherein ₹72,000 (US$1,000) per year will be transferred directly to the bank account of a woman-member in each family in the poorest 20 percent households.Create 1 million "Seva Mitra" jobs in rural and urban local government bodies. Fill all 400,000 central government vacancies before March 2020, and encourage state governments to fill their 2,000,000 vacancies. Enact a law that requires all non-government controlled employers with over 100 employees to implement an apprentice program.Enact a permanent National Commission on Agricultural Development and Planning and introduce a "Kisan Budget" (Farmer Budget) in the parliament every year. Waive all farmer loans in all states with any amounts outstanding.Enact a Right to Homestead Act that will provide free land to every household that does not own a home.Enact a Right to Healthcare Act and guarantee every citizen free diagnostics, free medicines, free hospitalisation, and free out-patient care. Double spending on healthcare to 3 percent of its GDP by 2024.Double spending on education to 6 percent of its GDP by 2024.Revise the national GST law from three tax tiers to a single moderate rate of tax. Reduce taxes on exported products to zero. Exempt from the GST essential goods and services that are currently not exempt. Enact a new Direct Taxes Code.Augment and rapid construction of national highways. Modernise Indian railway infrastructure. Promote green energy. Manufacturing promotion.Increase defence spending.Enact a National Election Fund, wherein public funds will be distributed to recognised political parties to run their campaignPreserve special status and special rights to natives of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A.[98]Amend the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958. End the Sedition law (Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code).Highlights of the BJP manifestoThe BJP released its manifesto sub-titled Sankalpit Bharat, Sashakt Bharat (lit. "Resolute India, Empowered India") on 8 April.[99][100]Some of its highlights:[101][100][98]Double farmer incomes by 2022 by completing all major and micro-irrigation infrastructure projects, opening adequate markets and modern farm produce storage centres, implement minimum price supports for farmer produce, farmer loans and all-weather rural roads. Introduce a pension bill for small and marginal farmers to provide social security after 60 years of age.Bring all secondary schools under the national board quality purview. Invest ₹100,000 crore (US$14 billion) in higher education, open new and increase seats at existing engineering, management and law schools. Establish skills and innovations centre at block-level in every town. Enhance higher education opportunities for women by introducing financial support and subsidies programs. Source 10 percent of government procurement from companies with more than 50 percent female employees.Ensure a pucca (lit. brick-solid, modern) house, safe potable water, toilet, LPG gas cylinder, electricity, and banking account for every family. Reduce the percentage of families living under the poverty line to a single digit by 2024.Double the length of national highways. Improve fuel quality by mandating 10 percent ethanol in petrol. Scale renewable energy capacity to 175 GW.Electrify and convert to broad gauge all railway tracks.Establish 150,000 health and wellness centres. Start 75 new medical colleges. Raise doctor-to-population ratio to 1:1400. Triple childcare facilities. Achieve 100 percent immunisation of all babies.Raise India's ranking further in "ease of doing business". Double exports, introduce single-window compliance procedures for all businesses.Reduce air pollution by eliminating all crop residue burning.Digitise paperwork and proceedings, modernise the courts.Launch and promote a National Digital Library with e-books and leading journals to provide free knowledge accessible to all students. Launch a "Study in India" program to bring foreign students to institutes of higher education.Zero tolerance for terrorism, fund resources to strengthen national security, guarantee veterans, and soldier welfare, modernise police forces.End special status and special rights to natives of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and 35A.[98]Other partiesOther national and regional parties have released their manifestos too:The Tamil Nadu-based regional parties AIADMK and DMK released their manifesto on 18 March 2019, with each promising to release the seven Tamils jailed after being found guilty for their role in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, a former Congress party leader and prime minister of India. The AIADMK promised to press for the political rights of the Tamil people in the Eelam region of Sri Lanka, while the DMK has promised Indian citizenship to all Sri Lankan expats. According to the Deccan Herald, the AIADMK has promised a cash transfer of ₹18,000 (US$260) per year to "all families below the poverty level, destitute women, widows without income, differently-abled, landless agricultural labourers, rural and urban manual labourers and destitute senior citizens". The AIADMK also promised to raise the tax exemption limit and revisions to the GST law. The DMK promised a probe into Rafale fighter jet deal, and a plan to distribute free sanitary napkins to working women along with starting martial arts schools for girls.[102]Biju Janata Dal (BJD) released its manifesto on 9 April 2019. It promised a ₹100,000 (US$1,400) zero-interest crop loan to farmers every year, a ₹500,000 (US$7,200) zero-interest loan to women-run self-help groups, 75 percent jobs reservation in Odisha-based companies to Odisha youth, free education to all girls and a marriage assistance grant of ₹25,000 (US$360) to daughters of poor families. It also promised to complete two expressways.[103]Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM) manifesto promised to raise the minimum wage to ₹216,000 (US$3,100) per year, an old age pension of ₹72,000 (US$1,000) per year and universal public distribution of 35 kilograms of foodgrains per family. It also stated the restoration of inheritance tax and an increase in the taxes on individuals and corporations.[104] It also promised spending 6 per cent of GDP on education, enacting a Right to Free Health Care with 3.5 per cent of GDP on health in the short term and 5 per cent in the long term, introduction of price controls on essential drugs, breaking monopoly of drug multinationals, as well as enact a Right to Guaranteed Employment in urban areas.[105]Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) promised to open talks with Pakistan on terrorism. It also promised to expand trade and political relationship with Russia, and seek to weaken Russia's ties with China and Pakistan.[106]Samajwadi Party promised an annual pension of ₹36,000 (US$520) to poor families in a form of a cash transfer to women. It has also proposed a new property tax of 2 percent on homes valued above ₹25,000,000 (US$360,000) as well as raising income taxes on the affluent. It also promised to create 100,000 new jobs every year.[107]Telugu Desam Party released its manifesto on 5 April 2019. It promised zero-interest loans to farmer without any caps, a grant of ₹15,000 (US$220) per year to each farmer as investment support, a grant of ₹100,000 (US$1,400) to each family with a daughter in the year of her marriage, an unemployment allowance of ₹3,000 (US$43) for any youth who has completed intermediate education, and free laptops to all students at the intermediate level.[108]AITMC's manifesto was released on 27 March 2019. It promised a judicial probe into demonetisation, a review of GST law, and sought to bring back the Planning Commission. It also promised free medical care, expanding the "100-day work scheme" currently operating in India to "200-day work scheme" along with a pay increase.[109]Aam Aadmi Party released its manifesto on 25 April 2019 promising full statehood for Delhi to give the Delhi government control over police and other institutions.[110] The manifesto promised 85 per cent reservations in the Delhi-based colleges and jobs for the voters of Delhi and their families.[111][112]Campaign financeSeveral organisations have offered varying estimates for the cost of election campaign. The Centre for Media Studies in New Delhi estimates the election campaign could exceed $7 billion.[113]According to the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), an election watchdog, in the financial year 2017–18 BJP received ₹4,370,000,000 (US$63 million), about 12 times more donations than Congress and five other national parties combined.[113]The electoral bonds in denominations ranging from 1,000 rupees to 10 million rupees ($14 to $140,000) can be purchased and donated to a political party. The bonds don't carry the name of the donor and are exempt from tax.[114][114][note 5]Factly – an India data journalism portal, traced the electoral bond donations for 2018 under India's Right to Information Act. According to Factly, electoral bonds worth about ₹10,600,000,000 (US$150 million) were purchased and donated in 2018. According to Bloomberg, this accounted for 31.2 percent of political donations in 2018, while 51.4 percent of the total donated amount were each below ₹20,000 (US$290) and these too were from unknown donors. About 47 percent of the donations to political parties were from known sources.[114]Between 1 January and 31 March 2019, donors bought ₹17,100,000,000 (US$250 million) worth of electoral bonds and donated.[118]The spending in elections boosts national GDP, and the 2009 election spending contributed about 0.5 percent to GDP.[119]According to Centre for Media Studies, the BJP spent over Rs 28,000 crore (or 45 per cent) of the Rs 60,000 crore spent by all political parties during the polls.[120]Congress questions BJP over its poll expenditure[121]Candidates with criminal chargesThis section needs expansion.You can help by adding to it.(May 2019)According to the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) – an Indian advocacy group, 464 of the total 2,856 contestants in the first two phases of the election have disclosed criminal cases against themselves in their nomination papers, as required by Indian election disclosure laws.[122]In the first two phases of elections, the Congress Party topped the list, having nominated 23 candidates with pending criminal cases to compete in the parliamentary elections. The BJP and BSP ranked next, each with 16 candidates.[122]Parties and alliancesMain articles: List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election, List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election, and List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general electionMore than 50 parties contested in these elections. Most of them were small with regional appeal. The main parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). With the exception of 2014, no single party has won the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha since 1984, and therefore,forming alliances is the norm in Indian elections.[123][124]There were four main national pre-poll alliances. They are the NDA headed by the BJP, the UPA headed by the INC, the grand alliance of regional parties, and the left front of Communist-leaning parties. Given the volatile nature of coalition politics in India, alliances may change during and after the election. It was the first time when BJP (437) contested more seats than Congress (421) in the Lok Sabha elections.[123][124]The INC has not formed an alliance in states where it is in direct contest with the BJP. These states include Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. It has formed alliances with regional parties in Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Jharkhand, and Kerala.[125]In January 2019, Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party announced a grand alliance (Mahagathbandhan) to contest 76 out of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh leaving two seats, namely Amethi and Rae Bareli, for INC and another two for other political parties.[126]Parties and alliances contesting for the 2019 electionsVoter statisticsAccording to the ECI, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last election in 2014,[154][155]making it the largest-ever election in the world.[156]15 million voters aged 18–19 years became eligible to vote for the first time.[157][158]468 million eligible voters were males, 432 million were females and 38325 identified themselves belonging to third gender. Total 71,735 overseas voters also enrolled.[citation needed]The residents of the former enclaves exchanged under the 2015 India-Bangladesh boundary agreement voted for the first time.[159]Electronic voting machines and securityThe ECI deployed a total of 1.74 million voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) units and 3.96 million electronic voting machines (EVM) in 1,035,918 polling stations.[160][161][162][163]Approximately 270,000 paramilitary and 2 million state police personnel provided organisational support and security at various polling booths.[164]On 9 April 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the ECI to increase VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which means ECI has to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs before it certifies the final election results.[165][166][167]TurnoutIn the first phase, 69.58 per cent of the 142 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect their representatives for 91 Lok Sabha seats.[168]The voter turnout was 68.77 per cent in the same constituencies in the 2014 general elections.[168]In the second phase, 156 million voters were eligible to vote for 95 Lok Sabha seats and the turnout was 69.45 per cent, compared to 69.62 per cent in 2014.[168]For the third phase, 189 million voters were eligible to elect 116 Lok Sabha representatives.[168]According to ECI, the turnout for this phase was 68.40 per cent, compared to 67.15 per cent in 2014.[168]In the fourth of seven phases, 65.50 per cent of the 128 million eligible voters cast their vote to elect 72 representatives to the Indian parliament while the turnout for the same seats in the 2014 election was 63.05 per cent.[168]The fifth phase was open to 87.5 million eligible voters, who could cast their vote in over 96,000 polling booths.[169]In the sixth phase, 64.40 per cent of the 101 million eligible voters cast their vote in about 113,000 polling stations.[170]The final turnout stood at 67.11 per cent, the highest ever turnout recorded in any of the general elections till date. The percentage is 1.16 per cent higher than the 2014 elections whose turnout stood at 65.95 per cent.[171]Over 600 million voters polled their votes in 2019 Indian General elections.State/UTTotalVoter turnout by phase[168][a]Phase 111 AprilPhase 218 AprilPhase 323 AprilPhase 429 AprilPhase 56 MayPhase 612 MayPhase 719 MaySeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)SeatsTurnout (%)Andhra Pradesh2579.702579.70––––––––––––Arunachal Pradesh278.47278.47––––––––––––Assam1481.52578.27581.19485.11––––––––Bihar40TBA453.44562.92561.21559.18557.08858.48851.38Chhattisgarh1171.48166.04374.95770.73––––––––Goa274.94––––274.94––––––––Gujarat2664.11––––2664.11––––––––Haryana1070.34––––––––––1070.34––Himachal Pradesh470.22––––––––––––470.22Jammu and Kashmir[b]6TBA257.38245.66​1⁄313.68​1⁄310.321​1⁄319.92––––Jharkhand14TBA––––––364.97465.99465.42355.59Karnataka2868.63––1468.801468.47––––––––Kerala2077.67––––2077.67––––––––Madhya Pradesh2971.10––––––674.90769.14865.24875.64Maharashtra4860.79763.041062.851462.361757.33––––––Manipur282.75184.20181.24––––––––––Meghalaya271.43271.43––––––––––––Mizoram163.12163.12––––––––––––Nagaland183.09183.09––––––––––––Odisha2173.06473.82572.56671.62674.38––––––Punjab1365.96––––––––––––1365.96Rajasthan25TBA––––––1368.171263.71––––Sikkim178.81178.81––––––––––––Tamil Nadu[c]3872.02––3872.02––––––––––Telangana1762.711762.71––––––––––––Tripura283.20183.21––183.19––––––––Uttar Pradesh80TBA863.92862.461061.421359.111458.001454.441347.82Uttarakhand561.48561.48––––––––––––West Bengal42TBA283.80381.72581.97882.84780.09884.50978.73Andaman and Nicobar Islands165.08165.08––––––––––––Chandigarh170.62––––––––––––170.62Dadra and Nagar Haveli179.59––––179.59––––––––Daman and Diu171.83––––171.83––––––––Delhi760.51––––––––––760.51––Lakshadweep184.96184.96––––––––––––Puducherry181.21––181.21––––––––––Total54267.119169.589569.45116​1⁄368.4071​1⁄365.5050​1⁄364.165964.405961.71/ indicate change from the 2014 elections.Polling in Anantnag was scheduled over three days.Tamil Nadu has 39 constituencies. Polling in Vellore was cancelled.Opinion polls, exit polls and seat projectionsMain article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general electionPart of this section is transcluded from Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election. (edit | history)Number of seats projected in opinion polls per alliance over time.Indian General Election Trends - 2019Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day. The ECI banned the release of exit polls from 11 April to 19 May, the last phase of the elections.[172]The commission also banned the publication or broadcast in the media of predictions made by astrologers and tarot card readers.[173]Poll typeDate publishedPolling agencyOthersMajorityRefNDAUPAExit pollsIndia Today-Axis352 ± 1393 ± 1582 ± 1370 ± 13[174]News24-Today's Chanakya350 ± 1495 ± 997 ± 1168 ± 14[175]News18-IPSOSCNN-IBN-IPSOS3368212464[176][177]VDP Associates3331159461[178]Sudarshan News31312110941[179]Times Now-VMR306 ± 3132 ± 3104 ± 334 ± 3[180]Republic-Jan Ki Baat30512411333[181]Suvarna News30512410233[179]India TV-CNX300 ± 10120 ± 5122 ± 628 ± 10[182]India News-Polstrat28712812715[183]Republic-CVoter28712812715[177]News Nation28612213414[184]ABP-CSDS2771301355[174]NewsX-Neta242164137Hung[177]Opinion polls8 April 2019Times Now-VMR2791491157[185]6 April 2019India TV-CNX2751261423[186]1 Feb – 4 April 2019Jan Ki Baat31012211138[187]Mar 2019Times Now-VMR28313512511[188]Mar 2019News Nation270134139Hung[189]Mar 2019Republic-CVoter264141138Hung[190]Mar 2019India TV-CNX28512613213[191]Mar 2019Zee 24 Taas264165114Hung[192]Feb 2019VDP Associates242148153Hung[193]Jan 2019Times Now-VMR252147144Hung[194]Jan 2019ABP News-CVoter233167143Hung[195]Jan 2019India Today-Karvy237166140Hung[196]Jan 2019VDP Associates225167150Hung[197]Dec 2018India Today257146140Hung[198]Dec 2018ABP News-CVoter247171125Hung[199]Dec 2018India TV-CNX2811241389[200]Nov 2018ABP News-CVoter261119163Hung[201]Oct 2018ABP News2761121554[202]Aug 2018India Today-Karvy2811221409[203]May 2018ABP News-CSDS2741641052[204]Jan 2018Republic-CVoter3358911963[205]Jan 2018India Today30910213237[206]ResultsFor a more comprehensive list, see Results of the 2019 Indian general election, List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha, and 17th Lok Sabha.Part of this section is transcluded from Results of the 2019 Indian general election. (edit | history)3539198NDAUPAOthersResults map for the election, including minor partiesResults of the election by political partyResults of the election by allianceSeat share of parties in the electionBJP (55.80%)INC (9.57%)DMK (4.24%)AITC (4.05%)YSRCP (4.05%)SS (3.31%)JD(U) (2.95%)BJD (2.21%)BSP (1.84%)TRS (1.66%)Other (10.32%)Vote share of parties in the electionBJP (37.36%)INC (19.49%)AITC (4.07%)BSP (3.63%)SP (2.55%)YSRCP (2.53%)DMK (2.26%)SS (2.10%)TDP (2.04%)CPI(M) (1.75%)Other (22.22%)The Bharatiya Janata Party-led NDA won the elections with the BJP itself winning a clear majority. The BJP become the single largest party in the House and surpassed expectations to win 303 seats, with its alliance partners bringing the NDA to a total of 353 seats.[207]Reasons attributed to the victory included the personal popularity of Narendra Modi, effective voter turnout drives by the NDA, a surge in public nationalism following the Pulwama attack, the consolidation of Hindu voters in a multi-caste coalition and the successful implementation of social welfare programmes during the First Modi ministry's term.[208]The counting of votes was held on 23 May 2019, and was completed early the following day.[209]Initial returns showed the BJP leading in all 303 constituencies it eventually won, and opposition leader Rahul Gandhi conceded defeat prior to the official certification of most results.[210]With the results, the BJP was able to gain 21 seats in the House, having won 282 in the 2014 Indian general election.[211][10]It was the second time in India's independent history that voters re-elected the same party to power with a bigger majority to the Lok Sabha – India's lower house of parliament. The BJP's total vote share stood at 37.4 per cent, an increase of over 6 percentage points from 31.34 per cent in 2014. The National Democratic Alliance secured a vote share of 45 per cent, compared to 38 per cent in 2014. In contrast, the vote share of Indian National Congress remained the same at 19.5 per cent.[212][213]About 1.04 percent of the voters in India chose to vote for None Of The Above (NOTA) in the 2019 elections, with Bihar leading with 2.08 percent NOTA voters.[214]Modi became the only Indian prime minister in history whose government was re-elected with both an increase in the total percentage of votes along with a full majority.[212]His opponent, Rahul Gandhi, ran in two constituencies, winning from Wayanad, but losing from the Amethi constituency – the seat he, his mother (Sonia Gandhi), his father (Rajiv Gandhi), and his uncle (Sanjay Gandhi) had collectively held for decades. In addition, many candidates who were members of popular political dynasties were defeated across India in favour of the BJP or other parties' candidates.[215][216][217]The election had been called a referendum on Modi and the BJP's Hindu nationalistic policies and advocacy.[218][219]According to The Wall Street Journal, Modi's victory "sets (sic) the stage for further economic change in one of Asia’s fastest-growing economies."[211]Alasdair Pal and Mayank Bhardwaj, in an article published by Reuters, claimed that the result was a mandate for business-friendly policies and tougher national security positions, reinforcing "a global trend of right-wing populists sweeping to victory, from the United States to Brazil and Italy, often after adopting harsh positions on protectionism, immigration and defence."[220]According to a data analysis by the Mint, "Overall, the BJP’s appeal seems to transcend the divides of caste, education, and affluence, but there are some differences — with the BJP less successful in more educated constituencies" in a study of about 140 seats where Congress and Others were more successful. The BJP was favored in all income groups, states the Mint. The newspaper added, "In constituencies with high presence of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SCs/STs), the BJP is more popular than other parties, but in constituencies with high presence of Muslims, it is less popular."[221]Results[222][209]AlliancePartyLeaderVotesSeatsShareTotalSwingWonSwingNational Democratic Alliance[10]Bharatiya Janata PartyAmit ShahNarendra Modi37.36%229,075,1706.025.423033532117Shiv SenaUddhav Thackeray2.1%12,858,90418Janata Dal (United)Nitish Kumar1.46%8,926,6791614Lok Jan Shakti PartyRam Vilas Paswan0.52%3,206,9796Apna Dal (Sonelal)Ashish Singh PatelAnupriya Patel0.17%1,039,4782Shiromani Akali DalSukhbir Singh Badal0.62%3,778,57422All India Anna Dravida Munnetra KazhagamO. PanneerselvamE. K. Palaniswami1.28%7,830,520136All Jharkhand Students UnionSudesh Mahto0.11%648,27711Mizo National FrontPu Zoramthanga0.04%224,28611National People's PartyConrad Sangma0.07%425,9861Nationalist Democratic Progressive PartyChingwang Konyak0.08%500,51011Rashtriya Loktantrik PartyHanuman Beniwal0.11%660,05111United Progressive Alliance[10]Indian National CongressRahul Gandhi19.49%119,494,8850.031.595291831Dravida Munnetra KazhagamM. K. Stalin2.26%13,877,6222323Nationalist Congress Party[note 6]Sharad Pawar1.39%8,500,33151Indian Union Muslim LeagueK. M. Kader Mohideen0.26%1,592,46731Jammu & Kashmir National ConferenceFarooq Abdullah0.05%280,35633Janata Dal (Secular)H. D. Deve Gowda0.56%3,457,10711Jharkhand Mukti MorchaShibu Soren0.31%11Kerala Congress (M)K. M. Mani0.07%1Revolutionary Socialist PartyT. J. Chandrachoodan0.12%709,6851Viduthalai Chiruthaigal KatchiThol. Thirumavalavan0.08%11MahagathbandhanBahujan Samaj PartyMayawati3.63%22,246,45510981048Samajwadi PartyAkhilesh Yadav2.55%15,647,1825Left FrontCommunist Party of India (Marxist)Sitaram Yechury1.75%10,744,77936Communist Party of IndiaS. Sudhakar Reddy0.58%3,576,18421Non-aligned parties and IndependentsAll India Trinamool CongressMamata Banerjee4.07%24,929,3252214Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress PartyY. S. Jaganmohan Reddy2.53%15,534,5582213Biju Janata DalNaveen Patnaik1.66%10,172,041128Telangana Rashtra SamithiK. Chandrashekar Rao1.26%7,696,84892Telugu Desam PartyN. Chandrababu Naidu2.04%12,513,061313All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul MuslimeenAsaduddin Owaisi0.2%1,201,54221Aam Aadmi PartyArvind Kejriwal0.44%2,716,62913All India United Democratic FrontBadruddin Ajmal0.23%1,402,08812Naga People's FrontT. R. Zeliang0.06%1Sikkim Krantikari MorchaPrem Singh Tamang0.03%11Rest minor parties00Sumalatha (Independent candidate supported by BJP in Mandya)2.69%703,66041Navaneet Kaur (Independent candidate supported by INC in Amravati)510,947Naba Kumar Sarania (Independent candidate in Kokrajhar)484,560Mohanbhai Sanjibhai Delkar (Independent candidate in Dadra and Nagar Haveli)90,421Rest Independents14,677,6310NOTA1.06%6,513,3150.04%InvalidReactionsNationalThe benchmark BSE Sensex and Nifty50 indices hit intraday record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened after the exit polls and on the day the election results were announced.[223]Indian National Congress party leaders such as Rahul Gandhi and others conceded defeat and congratulated Modi and his party.[210]Other opposition parties and political leaders such as Sharad Pawar,[224]Mamata Banerjee and Omar Abdullah,[225]congratulated PM Modi and BJP for their victory.InternationalThe leaders of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, China, Comoros, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia , Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Nigeria, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe congratulated Narendra Modi and the BJP on their vic

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