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Entrepreneurs start with an idea and a belief that their vision can have a massive impact. It doesn’t always work out that way. But when it does, the effect can be world-changing: A breakthrough startup can scramble industries, alter how we work or live, and shift talent flows around the world. It’s no wonder that we tend to follow the fortunes of these founders and those who choose to follow them so carefully.With the LinkedIn Top Startups list, we wanted to provide professionals with a look at the young companies reaching that escape velocity. As always, we started with the data — the billions of actions generated by LinkedIn India's more than 50 million members — and focused in on four pillars: employee growth; jobseeker interest; the level of professional engagement with the company and its employees; and how well the startup pulled talent from our flagship LinkedIn Top Companies list. In other words, which startups are commanding the attention and working hours of top talent? To be eligible for Top Startups, companies must be seven years old or younger, have at least 50 employees, be privately held and headquartered in India. For more about our methodology, scroll to the bottom of this article.(For more insights, do read Ravi Venkatesan’s data-driven analysis of Top Startups, Shalini Prakash’s piece on why fewer women pursue entrepreneurship and Sid Pai’s take on the need for more successful founders to turn mentors.)Will these companies continue with their explosive growth and world-changing work? That’s in the hands of the talent flocking to these startups. Maybe you’ll want to put your own hat into the ring. Check out who made the cut and join the conversation using #LinkedInTopStartups.Here are this year’s top 25 startups in India.Going full throttle: OYO is on an expansion spree. The 5-year-old hospitality startup is already India’s largest hotel network with more than 100,000 rooms in 230 cities (compared to Marriott’s 23,000 and Taj Hotels’ 17,000). Over the last nine months, the budget hotel brand has ventured into Malaysia, China and the UK. | Global headcount: 4,700 | Headquarters: Gurugram | Baptism by fire: All new hires, or “OYOpreneurs”, are exposed to actual business problems on their first day so they imbibe a sense of ownership.Fit as a fiddle: Wellness startup Cure.Fit has four offerings: no-equipment gyms, health food, yoga and meditation centres, and primary care. The company just raised $120 million from existing investors and acquired premium gym chain Fitness First in a deal worth $30-35 million. | Global headcount: 120 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Perks galore: Cure.Fit offers its employees unlimited leave, fixed increments every six months, weekly cricket matches and a concierge service for personal tasks.Delivering the goods: Dunzo has the distinction of being Google's first direct startup investment in India and is fast becoming a verb in Bengaluru. Users of the concierge services venture are “dunzoing” everything from buying groceries to picking up laundry and arranging last-minute gifts. | Global headcount: 160 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Entry ritual: New hires are asked to complete an order using Dunzo’s partner app so that they understand the business inside out.Logical logistics: Rivigo attained near-unicorn status recently when it raised $50 million at a valuation of $945 million. Why are investors betting on the logistics services firm? A unique driver relay model that reduces turnaround time, marquee clients such as Maruti Suzuki, ITC and Marks & Spencer, and a freight e-marketplace that's already India's biggest. | Global headcount: 3,700 | Headquarters: Gurugram | Warriors wanted: Rivigo plans to hire 5,000 people over the next year for scaling up its fleet, warehouses and technology.Simplifying insurance: The online general insurer says that 87% of its claims are approved in 24 hours. Digit believes in simplifying processes: every insurance product is explained to customers in a 2-page document. Billionaire Prem Watsa's Fairfax Holdings recently put $44 million more in the two-year-old startup. | Global headcount: 630 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Quick cover: If an insured flight is delayed by more than 75 minutes, customers immediately receive a claim notification to their mobile device.Lifestyle guide: Little Black Book (or LBB) started as a Tumblr blog with an initial investment of ₹80,000 before it morphed into an online platform for cultural goings-on. Its recommendations span everything from food and fashion to theatre and shopping across eight cities. Presently, the company is busy scaling up its curated marketplace for local products and events. | Global headcount: 80 | Headquarters: Delhi | Open doors: Every employee is encouraged to give feedback directly to the co-founders.Anchored in growth: Arnab Goswami's Republic TV has ruled viewership ratings in the English news genre since its launch in May 2017, but bigger rival Times Now seems to be clawing its way back. Republic was successful in monetising eyeballs and went on to clock ₹155 crore in revenue for FY18. But the channel is often accused of having a pro-establishment stance and being over-dependent on Goswami. | Global headcount: 400 | Headquarters: Mumbai | The TRP race: Republic will set up a Hindi news channel ahead of the 2019 general elections.Redefining design: A bootstrapped design and digital agency, The Minimalist started as a Facebook page for witty content. It works with clients such as Saint-Gobain, Bharti Airtel, Berkshire Hathaway, Coca-Cola and Abbott. The last fiscal year was a watershed moment for The Minimalist, one in which its revenue and headcount doubled. | Global headcount: 60 | Headquarters: Mumbai | Team huddle: The company’s HR conducts team-building activities every week.Powering transactions: Online payment solutions provider Razorpay now services more than 100,000 businesses, including names such as Bharti Airtel, IRCTC and Goibibo. The company is clocking a monthly growth of 35% and it bagged $20 million in a Series B funding round led by Tiger Global and Y Combinator earlier this year. | Global headcount: 230 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Undiluted focus: All team members, regardless of role or seniority, take customer support calls for four hours every month.Cracking the code: Nineleaps accelerates product development for other startups by providing web and mobile application services. It is expanding into new markets such as Singapore and Indonesia and diversifying into data science, blockchain and other emerging fields. | Global headcount: 200 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Hiring binge: Nineleaps doubled its headcount since July 2017, and plans to hire as many as 300 people this year.Flexibility factor: Innov8 says it’s in the business of building entrepreneurs. The Y Combinator-backed coworking venture has 13 centres across the country. This year, Innov8 aspires to add 100 employees and treble its seat count to 12,000. | Global headcount: 75 | Headquarters: New Delhi | Stable income stream: The company pivoted its model to ensure that the lion’s share of the revenue comes from enterprise clients and the rest from early-stage startups and freelancers.Growth by design: Schbang is a digital solution agency that also dabbles in original content. It counts marquee names — Ashok Leyland, Hot Wheels, Amazon Fashion, and RAW Pressery — as clients. Schbang wants to be India’s first agency export and plans to open an international office next year. | Global headcount: 240 | Headquarters: Mumbai | New joiners get the sack... of a different kind! The Schbang 'Potli' has symbolic objects like an eraser (to fix small mistakes), a rubber band (to stretch the limits) and a coin (so employees are never broke).Cover drive: Acko raised $30 million even before its launch and went on to bag $12 million from Amazon exactly a year later. The digital insurance firm solves everyday pain points with solutions such as in-trip covers for Ola users and screen protection for devices. Its biggest draw? Personalised policies based on user behaviour. | Global headcount: 115 | Headquarters: Mumbai | Time for a breather: Employees can decompress at frequent board game nights, football tournaments and Counter-Strike leagues.Rooms galore: Treebo scorched its way to 9,000 rooms in three years. The budget hotel chain’s headcount grew by 18% over the past year but it laid off a tenth of the workforce in July, shortly after the data window for this list closed. Bigger rival OYO’s strong investor backing, rapid growth and its rekindled partnership with travel site MakeMyTrip are hurting Treebo, media reports suggest. Treebo did not respond to a LinkedIn survey. | Global headcount: 795* | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Innovators: Treebo has filed four patents in India and the US for its quality management system.Loanwallah: InCred offers personal, education and home loans as well as credit to small and medium-sized businesses. The firm counts former Deutsche Bank co-CEO Anshu Jain as a backer and has secured the banking regulator’s nod for launching wholesale lending operations. | Global headcount: 1,000 | Headquarters: Mumbai | Family feel: New employees are greeted with a welcome kit that contains a booklet on the company's culture and trivia about its key personnel.Complementing kiranas: Jumbotail is a B2B e-marketplace that connects neighbourhood stores with their suppliers. The Nexus Venture Partners-backed startup also provides shopfront delivery of groceries and arranges working capital credit for store owners through its lending partners. | Global headcount: 125 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Peer power: The appraisal process at Jumbotail gives 80% weightage to peers’ feedback and just 20% to the manager’s rating.Datagiri: Zapr Media analyses TV viewership data to provide actionable insights to broadcasters, advertisers and media agencies. To date, the media-tech startup has raised $13 million from Star India, Flipkart, Saavn and Micromax, among others. | Global headcount: 110 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Scouting for talent: Zapr will fill 70 job openings over the next 12 months with new hires in data analytics, audio processing and other non-engineering functions.Weaving a web: After being bootstrapped for 7 years, BrowserStack hit the headlines for the largest ever Series A funding round – $50 million, led by Accel Partners. As many as 2 million testers and more than 25,000 paying customers — including Disney, Tesco, and Facebook — use its mobile app and web-testing platform. | Global headcount: 165 | Headquarters: Mumbai | Gracious welcome: Every new joiner is greeted with a personalised letter from BrowserStack’s founders.Ready to fly: Founded by three former Flipkart executives, Udaan: India's B2B Marketplace of Retailers, Manufacturers, Traders, Wholesalers is an online B2B marketplace for food, clothing and electronics. In just two years of existence, the company became the fastest Indian startup to bag unicorn status and expanded its reach to more than 500 cities. | Global headcount: 401* | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Growth pangs? LinkedIn data shows that the company’s headcount grew by about 92% in the last 12 months. With such a new team, the average employee tenure stands at 9 months.Disrupting diagnostics: SigTuple applies robotics and AI to make medical screening tests more accurate. Its offerings include smart hematology analyser Shonit and AI100, a low-cost device that digitises pathology samples. The team has applied for 19 patents in the US and India. | Global headcount: 120 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Eclectic mix: Seven in 10 SigTuple staffers, including the three co-founders, are newcomers to healthcare but have cut their teeth in robotics, data science, software, and intellectual property.Cloud classroom: Online educator Online Courses & Education Programs for Professionals | UpGrad offers industry-relevant courses in subjects such as digital marketing, data science and product management. Co-founded by media magnate Ronnie Screwvala, the startup claims to have empowered more than 300 career transitions in the last year and has earmarked ₹200 crore for expansion in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. | Global headcount: 390 | Headquarters: Mumbai | Learn while you earn: Employees looking to upskill themselves can take several company courses for free.Tech support: InterviewBit is a preparation site for tech jobs. The self-funded startup also sources pre-screened technical talent for coveted employers such as Facebook, Amazon, Uber and Google. | Global headcount: 45 | Headquarters: Pune | Enterprise bet: The company has launched three new enterprise products since July 2017, resulting in sharp growth in B2B revenue. It plans to hire 50 employees over the next year.In the fast lane: Bus aggregation startup Shuttl recently raised $11 million from Amazon, Dentsu Ventures and existing investors including Sequoia Capital. The company clocks 45,000 daily rides in five cities. It aims to expand to two new cities by the end of the year, even as experts feel achieving healthy unit economics remains a challenge. | Global headcount: 300 | Headquarters: Gurugram | Seats up for grabs: To meet its goal of ten-fold growth in daily ridership, Shuttl plans to double its employee numbers over the next year.Leveraging social: Reseller marketplace Meesho uses social media platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook to connect sellers directly with suppliers. In June, the Y Combinator-backed firm raised $11.5 million in Series B funding from Sequoia India and a bunch of existing investors. | Global headcount: 225 | Headquarters: Bengaluru | Focus on localisation: The social commerce startup plans to launch an interface in Indian regional languages in a few months.Numbers-driven: Exadatum positions itself as a one-stop shop for everything Big Data. Its offerings make Big Data implementation faster, cheaper and standardised for Fortune 500 clients, the two-year-old venture says. Exadatum’s next target — developing products and rendering services in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Global headcount: 70 | Headquarters: Pune | Talent hunt: The bootstrapped startup also has a base in New York and is actively scouting for freshers with Java, Python and C++ skills.Originally Published on LinkedIn Top Startups 2018: The 25 most sought-after startups in India

Bengaluru, capital city of Karnataka was once known as city of lakes, and in the last few decades, it has come a long way and now known as the IT city and start-up capital of India.There are more than 67,000 IT companies in Bengaluru, another report suggests that Bengaluru houses more than 35% of the total IT professionals in India, which means a whopping 2.5 million people are working in Bengaluru in the IT sector. It is impossible to pinpoint a single reason that made Bengaluru a hotspot for IT professionals. Here are some of the reasons that could have helped Bengaluru to become the home to hundreds of start-ups and tech companies.(a) Backed By Ruling Govt Soon after India got independence in 1947, Govt of India and Govt of Karnataka in collaboration started many public sector establishments related to electronics and manufacturing. HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited), ITI (Indian Telephone Industries), and HMT (Hindustan Machine Times) were some of the earlier public sector start-ups of Bengaluru. In the initial stage, people who represented Bengaluru and Karnataka have worked hard to make Bengaluru the IT and Start-up hub. It all started with Mr. R. K. Baliga, the first Chairman and Managing Director of Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation. He was one who conceptualized the idea of Electronics City in 1970s. R.K Baliga with his power bought a 335 acres of land outside South Bengaluru, which is now known as the IT Hub of Bengaluru.(b) Thanks to the Information Technology Policy of 1997, Govt of Karnataka started "Karnataka Start-up Policy" which eased the burden on those who were planning to setup up their own company. Similarly, Govt of Karnataka started to sanction different schemes and even funded some of the early start-up ideas as well, and till date, Karnataka Govt is the most start-up friendly state in the country. On the same line, Govt of Karnataka also made different schemes to support SC/ST youths by dedicating a budget of 20 crores to support and nurture start-up concepts, especially for the minority. In 2018, Govt of Karnataka announced to support up to 50 lakhs for those who have a vision to solve some real-life issues. In January 2018, Govt of Karnataka funded 44 start-ups in the incubation program to uplift the start-up ecosystem.(c) Govt of Karnataka recently announced skill enhancement program by allocating Rs 32 crore and Rs 288 crore under the scheme a scheme called Yuva Yuga in collaboration with Centre of Excellence (CoE). Yuva Yuga is an industry-led training program that aims to make our people more employable and we aim to train 1.1 lakh people by the financial year end of 2020, said, Priyanka Kharge, IT Minister of Karantaka.(d) Pleasant weather throughout the year - due to the tropical location of the Bengaluru (960 meters above sea level), it always maintains an ambient temperature in Summer, Winter, and Rainy season. Bangalore's winter climate is usually quite warm, with plenty of sunny weather and blue skies. Unlike a few northern cities, where the temperature falls below 5 degree centigrade, especially in winter. Bengaluru weather is not only helpful for humans, it is also good for machines and servers, as most of the computers and electronic devices work well in ambient temperature.‘IT’ is a stressful job and the pleasant Bangalore weather makes working conditions better. Weather might be one more reason why Bangalore is called 'Silicon Valley' of India. It is not just IT but also houses automotive, aeronautics, space research, biotechnology, silk and defence, sciencific research and electronics. Most of the IT companies in Bangalore are located on outer ring road and also nearby places like white field, electronic city, Koramangala, Domlur.(e) Mixed crowd from across the globe - thanks to Bengaluru's welcoming weather, the crowd that you can find in Bengaluru is a bit mesmerizing. The city has a mixed culture, as people from different parts of the world comes to Bengaluru in search of job and education.(f) Bengaluru is also famous for number of engineering colleges - there are several top engineering colleges in Bengaluru and in other parts of Karnataka. Most students also get placed once they complete graduation and thereby, continue to live in Bangalore or Karnataka all their life. There a several management and medical colleges as well.(g) Growth of IT sector in Karnataka has directly and indirectly led to development of others sectors as well. FMCG, Real estate, whole of service industry, manufacturing, etc.

This answer may contain sensitive images. Click on an image to unblur it.1Gopalswamy Doraiswamy NaiduG. D. Naidu (Gopalaswamy Doraiswamy Naidu) (23 March 1893 – 4 January 1974) was an Indian inventor and engineer who is also referred to as the Edison of India.He is credited with the manufacture of the first electric motor in India. His contributions were primarily industrial but also span the fields of electrical, mechanical, agricultural (Hybrid cultivation) and automobile engineering.Naidu also developed independently internal combustion four stroke engine. He had only primary education but excelled as a versatile genius. Among his hobbies was train travel to nearby cities. He is also referred as wealth creator of Coimbatore.Personal lifeG.D. Naidu was born at Kalangal, Coimbatore on 23 March 1893 into a Telugu family in Tamil Nadu, India. He was the son of a farmer.His childhood years were spent getting in trouble at school. He disliked attending classes and he was punished frequently for his habit of hurling sand and throwing stones at teachers during class.Early lifeVehicle G.D.Naidu purchased from the British and learnt assemblingNaidu obtained work as a waiter in a hotel in Coimbatore with the intention of saving sufficient money to buy a motorcycle that he had seen. After getting the vehicle he spent time dismantling and re-assembling it and later became a mechanic. He began his transport business in 1920, with the purchase of an automobile coach. He drove it between Pollachi and Palani. In a few years, his Universal Motor Service (UMS) owned the most efficient fleet of public transport vehicles in the country.In 1937, the first motor to be produced in India, was brought out from G. D. Naidu's factory "NEW" (National Electric Works) at Peelamedu, Coimbatore.Inventions & Later lifeG.D. Naidu developed India's first indigenous motor in 1937 along with D. Balasundaram Naidu .It was the motor's success that resulted in the founding of Textool by Balasundaram and, later on, Lakshmi Machine Works (LMW).Naidu's 'Rasant' razor incorporated a small motor operated by dry cells, called Heilbronn.Among his other inventions were super-thin shaving blades, a distance adjuster for film cameras, a fruit juice extractor, a tamper-proof vote-recording machine and a kerosene-run fan. In 1941, he announced that he had the ability to manufacture five-valve Radio sets in India at a mere Rs 70/- a set. In 1952, the two-seater petrol engine car (costing a mere Rs 2,000/-) rolled out. But production was stopped subsequently, because of the Government's refusal to grant the necessary license. His inventiveness was not confined to machinery alone. He researched and identified new varieties in Cotton, Maize and Papaya. His farm was visited by Sir C. V. Raman and Visvesvaraya. From laying foundation to completion he has built a house in just 11 hours from morning 6am to evening 5pm.3rd Prize for UMS Razor Company for Razor blades in an exhibition in 1936 in Leipzieg, Germany.In 1935, he personally filmed the funeral of King George V at London. He met Adolf Hitler in Germany.He invited K. Kamaraj in many functions. Among the Indian stalwarts that Naidu's camera captured were Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose. Naidu remained an outsider to politics, despite having contested and lost in the 1936 Provincial General Elections. He was gifted a Rolls Royce car and he was the only one who had this luxury car in those times.In 1944, Naidu retired from active involvement with his automobile combine and announced several philanthropic measures including grants for research scholarships and welfare schemes for his employees and the depressed sections of society. In 1967, the G D Naidu Industrial Exhibition was established.G.D. Naidu, Rathnasabapathy Mudaliar and India's first finance minister R. K. Shanmukham Chettyconducted survey, for bringing Siruvani water to the Coimbatore city.Through Naidu's efforts and donations India's first Polytechnic college, the Arthur Hope Polytechnic and the Arthur Hope College of Engineering were set up. Later the college moved to its present location and is now known as Government College of Technology (GCT), the college was named after the then Madras governor Arthur Hope. In 1945, GD Naidu was the principal for the college.Naidu was not satisfied with the 4-year programs and said that it was a waste of time for students. He suggested that two year was more than enough to teach the same courses and even with different concentrations. But the British government did not accept his idea and G.D. Naidu resigned from his post.The name Hope College for the original site of the college remains in Coimbatore even now.Naidu died on 4 January 1974. Sir C V Raman said of Naidu: "A great educator, an entrepreneur in many fields of engineering and industry, a warm-hearted man filled with love for his fellows and a desire to help them in their troubles, Mr Naidu is truly a man in a million – perhaps this is an understatement!" He is survived by his son G.D. Gopal and grandchildren G.D.Rajkumar and Shantini. A permanent Industrial Exhibition in his memory is on in Coimbatore. He provided employment in the engineering and manufacturing sectors to many individuals in the 1950s and 1960s.G. D. Matriculation Higher Secondary School in Coimbatore is named after him.It is managed by his daughter-in-law Mrs. Chandra Gopal. His grandson Mr. G.D. Rajkumar now runs the Geedee Industries.Link: Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu - Wikipedia2. E. C. George SudarshanEnnackal Chandy George Sudarshan (also known as E. C. G. Sudarshan; born 16 September 1931) is an Indian theoretical physicist and a professor at the University of Texas. Sudarshan has been credited with numerous contributions to the field of theoretical Physics including Optical coherence, Sudarshan-Glauber representation, V-A theory, Tachyons, Quantum Zeno effect, Open quantum system, Spin-statistics theorem, non-invariance groups, positive maps of density matrices, quantum computation among others. His contributions include also relations between east and west, philosophy and religion.Early lifeGeorge Sudarshan was born in Pallam, Kerala, India. Despite being raised in a Syrian Christian family, he later left the religion in large part due to marrying Lalita, a Hindu and fellow student. They were married from 1954 to 1990 and have three sons, Alexander, Arvind (deceased) and Ashok.He considers himself a "Vedantin Hindu".He mentions disagreements with the Church's view on God and lack of spiritual experience as reasons why he left Christianity.He studied at CMS College Kottayam,and graduated with honors from the Madras Christian College in 1951. He obtained his master's degree at the University of Madras in 1952. He moved to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and worked there for a brief period with Homi Bhabha as well as others. Subsequently, he moved to University of Rochester in New York to work under Robert Marshak as a graduate student. In 1958, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Rochester. At this point he moved to Harvard University to join Julian Schwinger as a postdoctoral fellow.CareerSudarshan has made significant contributions to several areas of physics. He was the originator (with Robert Marshak) of the V-A theory of the weak force (later propagated by Richard Feynmanand Murray Gell-Mann), which eventually paved the way for the electroweak theory. Feynman acknowledged Sudarshan's contribution in 1963 stating that the V-A theory was discovered by Sudarshan and Marshak and publicized by Gell-Mann and himself.He also developed a quantum representation of coherent light later known as Sudarshan–Glauber representation (for which controversially Glauber was awarded the 2005 Nobel prize in Physics ignoring Sudarshan's contributions).Sudarshan's most significant work might be his contribution to the field of quantum optics. His theorem proves the equivalence of classical wave optics to quantum optics. The theorem makes use of the Sudarshan representation. This representation also predicts optical effects that are purely quantum, and cannot be explained classically. Sudarshan was also the first to propose the existence of tachyons, particles that travel faster than light.He developed formalism called dynamical maps that is one of the most fundamental formalism to study the theory of open quantum system. He, in collaboration with Baidyanath Misra, also proposed the quantum Zeno effect.Sudarshan and collaborators initiated the "Quantum theory of charged-particle beam optics", by working out the focusing action of a magnetic quadrupole using the Dirac equation.He has taught at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), University of Rochester, Syracuse University, and Harvard. From 1969 onwards, he has been a professor of Physics at The University of Texas at Austin and a senior professor at the Indian Institute of Science. He worked as the director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India, for five years during the 1980s dividing his time between India and USA. During his tenure, he transformed it into a centre of excellence. He also met and held many discussions with philosopher J. Krishnamurti. He was felicitated on his 80th birthday, at IMSc Chennaion 16th Sept, 2011. His areas of interest include elementary particle physics, quantum optics, quantum information, quantum field theory, gauge field theories, classical mechanics and foundations of physics. He is also deeply interested in Vedanta, on which he lectures frequently.Controversy regarding Nobel PrizeSudarshan began working on quantum optics at the University of Rochester in 1960. Two years later, Glauber criticized the use of classical electromagnetic theory in explaining optical fields, which surprised Sudarshan because he believed the theory provided accurate explanations. Sudarshan subsequently wrote a paper expressing his ideas and sent a preprint to Glauber. Glauber informed Sudarshan of similar results and asked to be acknowledged in the latter's paper, while criticizing Sudarshan in his own paper."Glauber criticized Sudarshan’s representation, but his own was unable to generate any of the typical quantum optics phenomena, hence he introduces what he calls a P-representation, which was Sudarshan’s representation by another name", wrote a physicist. "This representation, which had at first been scorned by Glauber, later becomes known as the Sudarshan–Glauber representation."Sudarshan has been passed over for the Physics Nobel Prize on more than one occasion, leading to controversy in 2005 when several physicists wrote to the Swedish Academy, protesting that Sudarshan should have been awarded a share of the Prize for the Sudarshan diagonal representation (also known as Sudarshan–Glauber representation) in quantum optics, for which Roy J. Glauber won his share of the prize.Sudarshan and others physicists sent a letter to the Nobel Committee claiming that the P representation had more contributions of "Sudarshan" than "Glauber". The letter goes on to say that Glauber criticized Sudarshan's theory—before renaming it the "P representation" and incorporating it into his own work. In an unpublished letter to The New York Times, Sudarshan calls the "Glauber–Sudarshan representation" a misnomer, adding that "literally all subsequent theoretic developments in the field of Quantum Optics make use of" Sudarshan's work— essentially, asserting that he had developed the breakthrough.In 2007, Sudarshan told the Hindustan Times, "The 2005 Nobel prize for Physics was awarded for my work, but I wasn't the one to get it. Each one of the discoveries that this Nobel was given for work based on my research."Sudarshan also commented on not being selected for the 1979 Nobel, "Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam built on work I had done as a 26-year-old student. If you give a prize for a building, shouldn’t the fellow who built the first floor be given the prize before those who built the second floor?"Link: E. C. George Sudarshan - Wikipedia3. Akash ManojAkash Manoj, a class X student from Tamil Nadu, has developed a device to predict silent heart attacks and could potentially save the lives of thousands of people in India every year.Akash Manoj with the prototype of his non-invasive self diagnosis of 'silent heart attack' during the Innovation Exhibition at the Rahtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on Sunday. (PTI)Akash Manoj has been reading medical literature for fun since he was in the 8th standard. It comes as a little surprise then that this Class 10 student has developed a device to predict ‘silent’ heart attacks, identified as one a major health risk for thousands of Indians.Since the time Akash was in class VIII, he started visiting the library at the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru, which is more than an hour away from his hometown Hosur in Tamil Nadu.“Journal articles are expensive, so visiting the libraries was the only way I could do it. Otherwise, it would have cost more than a crore (of rupees) for the amount I read. I was always interested in medical science and I liked reading the journals…cardiology is my favourite,” said Manoj.He is a confident teenager who has been globe-trotting to attend various scientific conventions. At the age of 15, his visiting card describes him as a researcher in cardiology. He can speak at length about his project and break it down for you if you cannot understand, so, board exams are not a big deal. “I have seen people worried about board exams. I study for it, but it does not bother me,” said Manoj.It was his grandfather’s death that prompted him to take up this project. “He was a diabetic and had high blood pressure, but he was healthy otherwise. He had a silent heart attack, collapsed and died,” he said.That’s when he embarked on a journey to create a device that could detect ‘silent heart attacks’.A heart attack is characterised by chest pain, pain in the left arm or shortness of breath. A person who has a silent heart attack may not show these symptoms at all. Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels all put you at risk of a silent heart attack.Having a silent heart attack puts people at a greater risk of having another heart attack, which could be fatal. Having another heart attack also increases risk of complications, such as heart failure.The skin patch invented by Akash has to be attached to the wrist or the back of the ear and it will release a small ‘positive’ electrical impulse, which will attract the negatively charged protein released by the heart to signal a heart attack. If the quantity of this protein – FABP3 -- is high, the person must seek immediate medical attention.Clinical trials for the medical device are on and it could be approved for a human trial. The product would be fit to be launched in the market after two months of human trial, assuming nothing goes wrong.“I have already filed for a patent and I would tie up with department of biotechnology for the trial. I would want the government of India to take the project instead of selling it to a private company because it is for the public good,” he said.Akash aims to study cardiology at the country’s premier All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Delhi.What is a silent heart attack•A silent heart attack is when the symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath that are indicative of heart attack is not felt.•People mistake it for indigestion, nausea, muscle pain or a bad case of the flu•Having a silent heart attack puts you at a greater risk of having another heart attack, which could be fatal. Having another heart attack also increases your risk of complications, such as heart failure• The only way to detect it is if electrocardiogram or echocardiogram is performedHow does the device work•A small silicon patch stuck to your wrist or back of your ear can be used regularly to monitor whether there has been a heart attack instead of waiting for a doctor to prescribe a test•The patch uses a positively charged electrical impulse to draw negatively charged ---protein to the surface•If the amount of FABP3 is high, then the person would need immediate medical attention•People who are at risk are recommended to use the device twice a day -- in the morning and at night, before going to bed•The product can soon be seen in the market and would cost around R 900, cheaper than a glucometer.Link 1.Meet Akash Manoj, a student who built device to predict ‘silent’ heart attacksLink 2. Teenager develops method of detecting silent heart attacks4. Trishneet AroraTrishneet Arora (born 2 November 1993)is an Indian author, cyber security expert, and entrepreneur.Arora has written books on cyber security, ethical hacking and web defence.He is the founder and CEO of TAC Security, an IT security company.CareerArora is an entrepreneur who founded TAC Security, a cyber security company that provides protection to corporations against network vulnerabilities and data theft.Some of his clients are Reliance Industries, Central Bureau of Investigation, Punjab Police (India) and Gujarat Police.He helps the Punjab and Gujarat police in investigating cyber crimes, for which he has conducted training sessions with officials.Arora's company focuses on providing specialised services called Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing. According to Arora, there has been an increase in the number of hacking cases wherein portals of companies are hacked for stealing vital information resulting in great danger for the company's sustainability in the competitive environment.Link 1. Trishneet Arora - Wikipedialink 2. https://www.kenfolios.com/trishneet-arora-hacker/5. Arunachalam MurugananthamIn this Indian name, the name Arunachalam is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Muruganantham.Arunachalam Muruganantham (born 1962)is a social entrepreneur from Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, India. He is the inventor of a low-cost sanitary pad making machine and has innovated grass-roots mechanisms for generating awareness about traditional unhygienic practices around menstruation in rural India. His mini-machines, which can manufacture sanitary pads for less than a third of the cost of commercial pads, have been installed in 23 of the 29 states of India. He is currently planning to expand the production of these machines to 106 nations.In 2014, TIME magazine placed him in its list of 100 Most Influential People in the World.In 2016, he was awarded Padma Shri by Government of India.Early lifeMuruganantham was born in 1962 to S. Arunachalam and A. Vanita, hand-loom weavers in Coimbatore, India. Muruganantham grew up in poverty after his father died in a road accident.His mother worked as a farm laborer to help in his studies. However, at the age of 14, he dropped out of school. He supplied food to factory workers and took up various jobs as machine tool operator, yam selling agent, farm laborer, welder, etc. to support his family.InventionIn 1998, he got married to Shanthi. Shortly after, Murugananthan discovered his wife collecting filthy rags and newspapers to use during her menstrual cycle, as sanitary napkins made by multinational corporations were expensive.Troubled by this, he started designing experimental pads.Initially, he made pads out of cotton, but these were rejected by his wife and sisters. Eventually, they stopped co-operating with him and refused to be the test subjects for his innovations. He realized that the raw materials cost 10 paise ($0.002), but the end product sold for 40 times that price.He looked for female volunteers who could test his inventions, but most were too shy to discuss their menstrual issues with him. He started testing it on himself, using a bladder with animal blood, but became the subject of ridicule when the "sanitary pad" was discovered in his village.As menstruation is a taboo subject in India, it left him ostracized by his community and family.He distributed his products free to girls in a local medical college, provided they returned them to him after use.It took him two years to discover that the commercial pads used cellulose fibers derived from pine bark wood pulp.The fibres helped the pads absorb while retaining shape.Imported machines that made the pads cost INR 35 million.So, he devised a low-cost machine that could be operated with minimal training.He sourced the processed pine wood pulp from a supplier in Mumbai and the machines would grind, de-fibrate, press and sterilize the pads under ultravioletbefore packaging them for sale. The machine costs INR 65,000.Rural women meeting as members of self-help groups (SHGs)In 2006, when he visited IIT Madras to show his idea and got suggestions. They registered his invention for the National Innovation Foundation's Grassroots Technological Innovations Award and his idea won the award.He obtained seed funding and founded Jayaashree Industries, which now markets these machines to rural women across India.The machine has been praised for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, and his commitment to social aid has earned him several awards.Despite offers from several corporate entities to commercialize his venture, he has refused to sell out and continues to provide these machines to self-help groups (SHGs) run by women.Muruganantham's invention is widely praised as a key step in changing women's lives in India.Muruganantham's machine creates jobs and income for many women, and affordable pads enable many more women to earn their livelihood during menstruation.In addition to his own outreach, Muruganantham's work has also inspired many other entrepreneurs to enter this area,including some that propose to use waste banana fibre or bamboo for the purpose.Popular cultureMuruganantham has become well known as a social entrepreneur.He has given lectures at many institutions including IIT Bombay,IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Bangaloreand Harvard.He has also given a TED talk.His story was the subject of a prize-winning documentary by Amit Virmani, Menstrual Man.R. Balki has roped in Akshay Kumar for the biopic on Arunachalam Muruganantham, titled as Padman.Link 1. Arunachalam Muruganantham - Wikipedialink 2. The sanitary pad revolutionary6.Shivkar Bapuji Talpadehivkar Bāpuji Talpade (1864 – 1916)was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed and flown an unmanned airplane in 1895.Talpade lived in Bombay and was a scholar of Sanskrit literature and the Vedas.Early life and inspirationTalpade was born in the Chira Bazaar locality of Bombay (now Mumbai), Maharashtra.He completed his school education in Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art. During his time there he came to know about ancient Indian aeronautics through his teacher Chiranjilal Verma, who led Talpade to read Swami Dayanand Saraswati's works related to ancient aeronautics, such as ‘Rigvedādic Bhāshya Bhumikā’ and ‘Rigved and Yajurveda Bhāshya’. However, some sources also suggests that his works were based on the work done by Maharishi Bharadwaja in Rigveda.Inspired by these texts he decided to construct the Vedic Vimāna described in the Vedas, and started learning Vedic Sanskrit language.Pratap Velkar, in his book on the Pathare Prabhu community, says that Talpade also studied the achievements of aviation pioneers like Thomas Alva Edison who flew in a balloon. Talpade's study included the experiment of machine gun inventor Hiram Maxim who made a captive steam-driven aircraft. According to Mr. Velkar, Mr. Talpade studied these flights, which inspired him to make an aircraft and fly.MarutsakhāTalpade's airplane was named Marutsakhā, derived from the Sanskrit Marut ('air' or 'stream') and sakhā ('friend') which together mean 'Friend of wind'. As suggested by D. K. Kanjilal's 1985 Vimana in Ancient India: Aeroplanes Or Flying Machines in Ancient India, as well as contemporary reports in the Marāthi-language newspaper Kesari,Marutsakhā is supposed to have been inspired from Vimāna, ancient flying-machines in Hindu mythology.One of Talpade's students, Pt. S. D. Satawlekar, wrote that Marutsakhā sustained flight for a few minutes.According to K.R.N. Swamy "a curious scholarly audience headed by a famous Indian judge and a nationalist, Mahadeva Govinda Ranade and H H Sayaji Rao Gaekwad, respectively, had the good fortune to see the unmanned aircraft named as ‘Marutsakthi’ take off, fly to a height of 1500 feet and then fall down to earth".The presence of Mahadev Govind Ranade and Sayajirao Gaekwad III during the flight is also cited in "Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute".A former Indian defense officer stated in 2004 that Marutsakhā failed to operate to its full design limits due to technical reasons.This issue was also raised by Steven J. Rosenin his book 'The Jedi in the Lotus: Star Wars and the Hindu Tradition'. After the experiment, Marutsakhā apparently was stored at Talpade's house until well after his death. Velakara quotes one of Talpade's nieces, Roshan Talpade, as saying the family used to sit in the aircraft's frame and imagine they were flying.A model reconstruction of Marutsakhā was exhibited at an exhibition on aviation at Vile Parle, and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited has preserved documents relating to the experiment.Popular cultureA film based on life of Talpade, Hawaizaada, starring Ayushmann Khurrana, was released on 30 January 2015. The film was earlier titled Bambai Fairytale.Link: Shivkar Bapuji Talpade - Wikipedia7.Homi J. BhabhaNot to be confused with Homi K. Bhabha.Homi Jehangir BhabhaFRSHomi Jehangir Bhabha (/ˈbɑːbɑː/; 30 October 1909 – 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist, founding director, and professor of physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).Colloquially known as "father of the Indian nuclear programme"Bhabha was also the founding director of the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) which is now named the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honor. TIFR and AEET were the cornerstone of Indian development of nuclear weapons which Bhabha also supervised as director.Early lifeHomi Jehangir Bhabha was born into a wealthy and prominent industrial Parsi family, through which he was related to Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, and Dorabji Tata. He was born on 30 October 1909, in an illustrious family with a long tradition of learning and service to the country. His father was Jehangir Hormusji Bhabha, a well known lawyer and his mother was Meheren.He received his early education at Bombay's Cathedral and John Connon School and entered Elphinstone College at age 15 after passing his Senior Cambridge Examination with Honors.He then attended the Royal Institute of Science until 1927 before joining Caius College of Cambridge University. This was due to the insistence of his father and his uncle Dorab Tata, who planned for Bhabha to obtain a degree in mechanical engineering from Cambridge and then return to India, where he would join the Tata Steel Mills in Jamshedpur as a metallurgist.Studies and research at University of CambridgeBhabha's father understood his son's predicament, and he agreed to finance his studies in mathematics provided that he obtain first class on his Mechanical Sciences Tripos exam. Bhabha took the Tripos exam in June 1930 and passed with first class. Afterwards, he excelled in his mathematical studies under Paul Dirac to complete the Mathematics Tripos. Meanwhile, he worked at the Cavendish Laboratory while working towards his doctorate in theoretical physics. At the time, the laboratory was the center of a number of scientific breakthroughs. James Chadwickhad discovered the neutron, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton transmuted lithium with high-energy protons, and Patrick Blackett and Giuseppe Occhialini used cloud chambers to demonstrate the production of electron pairs and showers by gamma radiation.During the 1931–1932 academic year, Bhabha was awarded the Salomons Studentship in Engineering. In 1932, he obtained first class on his Mathematical Tripos and was awarded the Rouse Ball traveling studentship in mathematics. During this time, nuclear physics was attracting the greatest minds and it was one of the most significantly emerging fields as compared to theoretical physics, the opposition towards theoretical physics attacked the field because it was lenient towards theories rather than proving natural phenomenon through experiments. Conducting experiments on particles which also released enormous amounts of radiation, was a lifelong passion of Bhabha, and his leading edge research and experiments brought great laurels to Indian physicists who particularly switched their fields to nuclear physics, one of the most notable being Piara Singh Gill.Work in nuclear physicsIn January 1933, Bhabha received his doctorate in nuclear physics after publishing his first scientific paper, "The Absorption of Cosmic radiation". In the publication, Bhabha offered an explanation of the absorption features and electron shower production in cosmic rays. The paper helped him win the Isaac Newton Studentship in 1934, which he held for the next three years. The following year, he completed his doctoral studies in theoretical physics under Ralph H. Fowler. During his studentship, he split his time working at Cambridge and with Niels Bohrin Copenhagen. In 1935, Bhabha published a paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, in which he performed the first calculation to determine the cross section of electron-positron scattering. Electron-positron scattering was later named Bhabha scattering, in honor of his contributions in the field.In 1936, with Walter Heitler, he co-authored a paper, "The Passage of Fast Electrons and the Theory of Cosmic Showers"in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, in which they used their theory to describe how primary cosmic rays from outer space interact with the upper atmosphere to produce particles observed at the ground level. Bhabha and Heitler then made numerical estimates of the number of electrons in the cascade process at different altitudes for different electron initiation energies. The calculations agreed with the experimental observations of cosmic ray showers made by Bruno Rossi and Pierre Victor Auger a few years before. Bhabha later concluded that observations of the properties of such particles would lead to the straightforward experimental verification of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In 1937, Bhabha was awarded the Senior Studentship of the 1851 exhibition, which helped him continue his work at Cambridge until the outbreak of World War IIin 1939.Return to IndiaIn September 1939, Bhabha was in India for a brief holiday when World War II started, and he decided not to return to England for the time being. He accepted an offer to serve as the Reader in the Physics Department of the Indian Institute of Science, then headed by renowned physicist C. V. Raman. He received a special research grant from the Sir Dorab Tata Trust, which he used to establish the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the Institute. Bhabha selected a few students, including Harish-Chandra, to work with him. Later, on 20 March 1941, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society . With the help of J. R. D. Tata, he played an instrumental role in the establishment of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai.CareerStarting his nuclear physics career in Britain, Bhabha had returned to India for his annual vacation before the start of World War II in September 1939. War prompted him to remain in India and accepted a post of reader in physics at the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru, headed by Nobel laureate C.V. Raman.During this time, Bhabha played a key role in convincing the Congress Party's senior leaders, most notably Jawaharlal Nehru who later served as India's first Prime Minister, to start the ambitious nuclear programme. As part of this vision, Bhabha established the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the Institute, began to work on the theory of point particles movement, while independently conducting research on nuclear weapons in 1944.In 1945, he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay, and the Atomic Energy Commission in 1948, serving as its first chairman.In 1948, Nehru led the appointment of Bhabha as the director of the nuclear program and tasked Bhabha to develop the nuclear weapons soon after.In the 1950s, Bhabha represented India in IAEA conferences, and served as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955. During this time, he intensified his lobbying for the development of nuclear weapons. Soon after the Sino-Indo war, Bhabha aggressively and publicly began to call for the nuclear weapons.Bhabha gained international prominence after deriving a correct expression for the probability of scattering positrons by electrons, a process now known as Bhabha scattering. His major contribution included his work on Compton scattering, R-process, and furthermore the advancement of nuclear physics. He was awarded Padma Bhushan by Government of India in 1954.He later served as the member of the Indian Cabinet's Scientific Advisory Committee and provided the pivotal role to Vikram Sarabhai to set up the Indian National Committee for Space Research. In January 1966, Bhabha died in a plane crash near Mont Blanc, while heading to Vienna, Austria to attend a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Scientific Advisory Committee.Atomic Energy in IndiaBhabha (right) at the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland, 20 August 1955When Homi Jehangir Bhabha was working at the India Institute of Science, there was no institute in India which had the necessary facilities for original work in nuclear physics, cosmic rays, high energy physics, and other frontiers of knowledge in physics. This prompted him to send a proposal in March 1944 to the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust for establishing 'a vigorous school of research in fundamental physics'. In his proposal he wrote :“There is at the moment in India no big school of research in the fundamental problems of physics, both theoretical and experimental. There are, however, scattered all over India competent workers who are not doing as good work as they would do if brought together in one place under proper direction. It is absolutely in the interest of India to have a vigorous school of research in fundamental physics, for such a school forms the spearhead of research not only in less advanced branches of physics but also in problems of immediate practical application in industry. If much of the applied research done in India today is disappointing or of very inferior quality it is entirely due to the absence of sufficient number of outstanding pure research workers who would set the standard of good research and act on the directing boards in an advisory capacity ... Moreover, when nuclear energy has been successfully applied for power production in say a coupleof decades from now, India will not have to look abroad for its experts but will find them ready at hand. I do not think that anyone acquainted with scientific development in other countries would deny the need in India for such a school as I propose. The subjects on which research and advanced teaching would be done would be theoretical physics, especially on fundamental problems and with special reference to cosmic rays and nuclear physics, and experimental research on cosmic rays. It is neither possible nor desirable to separate nuclear physics from cosmic rays since the two are closely connected theoretically.”The trustees of Sir Dorabji Jamsetji. Tata Trust decided to accept Bhabha's proposal and financial responsibility for starting the Institute in April 1944. Bombay was chosen as the location for the prosed Institute as the Government of Bombay showed interest in becoming a joint founder of the proposed institute. The institute, named Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, was inaugurated in 1945 in 540 square meters of hired space in an existing building. In 1948 the Institute was moved into the old buildings of the Royal Yacht club. When Bhabha realized that technology development for the atomic energy programme could no longer be carried out within TIFR he proposed to the government to build a new laboratory entirely devoted to this purpose. For this purpose, 1200 acres of land was acquired at Trombay from the Bombay Government. Thus the Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay (AEET) started functioning in 1954. The same year the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was also established.He represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, and as President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1958.Visionary behind India's Three Stage Nuclear Power ProgrammeBhabha is generally acknowledged as the father of Indian nuclear power. Moreover, he is credited with formulating a strategy of focussing on extracting power from the country's vast thorium reserves rather than its meagre uranium reserves.This thorium focused strategy was in marked contrast to all other countries in the world. The approach proposed by Bhabha to achieve this strategic objective became India's three stage nuclear power programme.Bhabha paraphrased the three-stage approach as follows“The total reserves of thorium in India amount to over 500,000 tons in the readily extractable form, while the known reserves of uranium are less than a tenth of this. The aim of long range atomic power programme in India must therefore be to base the nuclear power generation as soon as possible on thorium rather than uranium... The first generation of atomic power stations based on natural uranium can only be used to start off an atomic power programme... The plutonium produced by the first generation power stations can be used in a second generation of power stations designed to produce electric power and convert thorium into U-233, or depleted uranium into more plutonium with breeding gain... The second generation of power stations may be regarded as an intermediate step for the breeder power stations of the third generation all of which would produce more U-233 than they burn in the course of producing power.”DeathHomi J. Bhabha died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blanc on 24 January 1966.Misunderstanding between Geneva Airport and the pilot about the aircraft position near the mountain is the official reason of the crash… but very soon after, a team of journalists led by René Desmaison climbed - secretly - near the wreck and declared to have found debris of another aircraft other than the Boeing 707. ( Crashs au mont Blanc, la fin des secrets. Glénat, 2015)Assassination theoriesMany possible theories have been advanced for the air crash, including a conspiracy theory in which the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is involved in order to paralyze India's nuclear program.When an Indian diplomatic bag containing newspapers, calendars and a personal letter was recovered near the crash site in 2012, it was a "Type C" diplomatic bag containing no important documents.Gregory Douglas, a journalist who taped his interviews with former CIA operative, Robert Crowley, over a period of 4 years, recorded their telephonic conversations and later published their transcribes in a book titled Conversations with the Crow. Crowley claimed that CIA was responsible for eliminating Dr. Homi Bhabha, Indian nuclear scientist whose plane crashed into Alps, when he was going to attend a Vienna conference and also eliminating Lal Bahadur Shastri, who died at Tashkent summit in 1966. Crowley said that a bomb in the cargo section of the plane went off in mid-air, bringing down the commercial Boeing 707 airliner in Alps with little evidence left to be retrieved. Crowley claimed that U.S. was "wary" of Indian nuclear progress and the defeat of their ally Pakistan, in 1965 war. U.S. was worried that India could well "dominate" the Indian Subcontinent along with Russian think-tanks, if India develops nuclear capabilities, thus bringing "instability" to the region, as seen by Western observers through a Cold War lens.LegacyBust of Homi Bhabha which is placed in the garden of Birla Industrial & Technological Museum, KolkataAfter his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment at Bombay was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour.In addition to being an able scientist and administrator, Bhabha was also a painter and a classical music and opera enthusiast, besides being an amateur botanist.He is one of the most prominent scientists that India has ever had. Bhabha also encouraged research in electronics, space science, radio astronomy and microbiology.The famed radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiative, and it became a reality in 1970. The Homi Bhabha Fellowship Council has been giving the Homi Bhabha Fellowships since 1967 Other noted institutions in his name are the Homi Bhabha National Institute, an Indian deemed university and the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Mumbai, India.TriviaOn 13 March 2014, The Times of India reported that The National Centre for the Performing Arts(NCPA) had issued a public notice inviting developers and investors interested in purchasing Mehrangir, the sprawling colonial bungalow at Malabar Hill where Bhabha, spent most of his life. The bungalow has a builtup area of 13,953 sq feet and a plot measuring 17,150 sq feet.After Bhabha died in 1966, his brother Jamshed became the custodian of the Bhabha estate. Being an avid patron of arts and culture, Jamshed Bhabha, who died in 2007, aged 93, had willed the property along with paintings, jewellery, artefacts and furniture to the NCPA, which he had established. Located at a stone's throw from Hanging Gardens, the property is estimated to be valued at over Rs 257 crore (as of March 2014)and was sold to Godrej family for Rs 372 crorby the NCPA on 18 June 2014.The employees and scientists working for Department of Atomic Energy and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, which Bhabha founded, have protested against the sale of the bungalow to private developers as they believe that the bungalow should be preserved as a memorial.However NCPA chairman K N Suntook said that such sentiments "were misplaced". He said that Homi Bhabha, the architect of India’s nuclear power programme, was only a part owner of the property and after his demise, the property "devolved solely upon his brother Jamshed, who bequeathed it absolutely to the NCPA by his will, which has since been probated".Suntook said he was sad that eminent scientists were supporting this movement and that BARC has lot of funds and they could have used that to bid for the bungalow. While there were eight bidders originally, three turned up for the auction. Suntook added that Homi Bhabha was a great lover of culture himself and both brothers would have been disappointed with the opposition to the auction.The present owner of Mehrangir (Smita-Crishna Godrej, Godrej family) who had purchased Mehrangir, Homi Bhabha’s home in Mumbai, had it demolished it during the first week of June 2016. As per eminent scientists opposed to auction, the central or state governments could have saved Mehrangir by compensating the NCPA by a reasonable amount. However this did not happen, the bungalow was auctioned off in 2014 and demolished in June 2016, bringing much dismay to those who wanted it declared a heritage structure.Link: Homi J. Bhabha - WikipediaThanks for reading, as I know more I will add more people in this list.