Effective Technical Report Writing 2011 Course Outline: Fill & Download for Free

YES. What follows are leading climate scientists who are skeptical of so called climate change and why the real deniers are those alarmists who deny the long view of living in the middle of an ice age and the reality of natural variability from solar cycles. Many forces including the earth’s orbital tilt not human emissions of trace amounts of CO2, the air we all exhale with every breath to stay alive, have a major effect on the climate.A major point documented by the Working Group 1 of the IPCC against alarmist theories who deny natural variability in the recent warming and blame humans for the change is the inability to separate the natural from the human impacts.Think about this fact. In 1995 2000+ climate scientists from around the world working on the UN IPCC project concluded as follows:In the 1995 2nd Assessment Report of the UN IPCC the scientists included these three statements in the draft:1. “None of the studies cited above has shown clear evidence that we can attribute the observed (climate) changes to the specific cause of increases in greenhouse gases.”2. “No study to date has positively attributed all or part (of observed climate change) to anthropogenic (i.e. man-made) causes.”3. “Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the natural variability of the climate system are reduced.”[NATURAL VARIABILITY OVERPOWERS ANY HUMAN IMPACT]Instead of accepting the uncertainty of our complex climate and the difficulty of finding evidence that parses or separates human effects from the dominant natural effects the draft summary was ignored along with the scientists plea for more research with a detailed program outlined. No, the UN General Assembly leaders took over the science Report without credibility and published this dishonest conclusion HIDING THE WORKING GROUP DISSENT.“The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate.”This sordid story of mendacity is told objectively and documented by Bernie Lewin in this book -The author allows these select passages from his book for discussion. They show how the IPCC was threatened with extinction for failing to find human climate change and then the political arm of the UN interfered and fudged the reports using the Michael Mann fudged hockey stick graphs that erased conventional history of the Medieval Warming and the Little Ice Age. -Following the welcoming addresses by the Italian President and Environment Minister, there first came Patrick Obasi, Secretary General of the WMO. At the conclusion of a speech mostly making recommendations for the future direction of the IPCC, he noted that the most important result in the current assessment is the evidence for a ‘discernible human influence on global climate’.682 Next came the new head of UNEP, Elizabeth Dowdeswell, who opened with the now familiar narrative of triumph: A decade ago, the scientific community alerted the world to the likelihood that we humans are causing the global climate to change. Five years ago, you said you were very confident that this is indeed the case, but that it would be ten years before we would experience any consequences. Now, just five years later, you are reporting that effects of global warming are upon us. As you put it in your report, ‘The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate’.683 Later in her speech, this key component of the report’s message is summarised, without qualification, as ‘human activities are affecting the global climate’ and so… For the first time, we have evidence that a signal of global warming is beginning to emerge from the ‘noise’ of natural variability. In other words, you [the IPCC] have given the world a reality check. You have pinched us and we have realised we are not dreaming. Climate change is with us. The question is: what do we do with this knowledge?684Lewin, Bernie. Searching for the Catastrophe Signal: The Origins of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 286-287). Global Warming Policy Foundation. Kindle Edition.A fudged hockey stick by Mann saved the IPCC from being damned out of existenceUnder Houghton and Watson the IPCC third assessment would champion the work of another young scientist who in 1998 produced a temperature trend graph that seemed to have solved Barnett’s problem of a natural variability ‘yardstick’. Using proxy data stretching back to the end of the Medieval Warm Period and instrumental data for the last 100 years, Michael Mann’s results showed such a rapid general warming trend over the last 100 years that it towered over previous fluctuations, thus leaving no room for doubt that something extraordinary is now underway.735Mann soon extended his study back across an entire millennium and this so-called ‘Hockey Stick’ graph is what featured in the IPCC third assessment report. When the report was released in 2001, the graph was the most spectacular vehicle for its promotion; it was also later widely used by governments promoting emissions-reduction policies.These campaigns were not unduly affected by the concerns that were soon raised about the methodology of the graph’s construction, nor by the ensuing Hockey Stick controversy, which would grow to be much larger and endure much longer than the Chapter 8 controversy.736 Instead, the visual impact of the Hockey Stick continued to overwhelm any doubt that there was already a discernible human influence on the global climate.If we consider the other lead authors of Chapter 8, we find that they would suffer little from the controversy, but they won none of the accolades afforded Santer, which is hardly surprising given that they were not always entirely in accord with the IPCC line. Tom Wigley’s expressed scepticism of the science behind climate action extended beyond the determination of natural variability. We will remember that just after the lead author meeting in Asheville he had published a commentary on the Met Office’s neat tracking of the recent global temperature trend, questioning the simulation of the sulphate effect and the apparent success of the modelling prediction. But even before Asheville he also questioned the scientific-economic rationale behind the rush towards emissions reduction. Collaborating with energy economists on a study partly funded by the energy industry, he concluded that it is not advisable to start curbing emissions for another 30 years.* Still, he remained fiercely loyal to Santer during the Chapter 8 controversy and to all the scientists working under the funding generated by the scare. His continuing `loyal opposition’ is particularly evident in emails leaked in 2009, which show that during the Hockey Stick controversy he was at the same time working hard behind the scenes to fend off skeptics while privately agreeing with much of the criticism of Mann’s work.* 738Lewin, Bernie. Searching for the Catastrophe Signal: The Origins of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 308-309). Global Warming Policy Foundation. Kindle Edition.Sanders is a left wing politician and this group sadly have a reputation of not telling the truth about the science.– Christine Stewart,former Canadian Minister of the Environment“No matter if the science of global warming is all phony…climate change provides the greatest opportunity tobring about justice and equality in the world.”– Christine Stewart,>**CAMILLE PAGLIA** (Camille Paglia | Salon.com)>OCTOBER 10, 2007 11:19AM (UTC)>**I too grew up in upstate New York. I am an environmental groundwater geologist (who almost majored in fine arts). Your take on the ****Al Gore** (http://dir.salon.com/topics/al_gore/)**/global warming pseudo-catastrophe was right on target. Anyone can read up on Holocene geology and see that climate changes are caused by polar wandering and magnetic reversals. It is entertaining, yet sad to read bloviage from ****Leonardo DiCaprio** (http://dir.salon.com/topics/leonardo_dicaprio/)**, who is so self-centered that he thinks the earth's history and climate is a function of his short personal stay on this planet. Still he, Al Gore, Prince Charles and so on, ad nauseam, continue with their jet-set lifestyles. What hypocrisy!**>Thank you for your input on the mass hysteria over global warming. The simplest facts about geology seem to be missing from the mental equipment of many highly educated people these days. There is far too much credulity placed in fancy-pants, speculative computer modeling about future climate change. Furthermore, hand-wringing media reports about hotter temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere are rarely balanced by acknowledgment of the recent cold waves in South Africa and Australia, the most severe in 30 years.>Where are the intellectuals in this massive attack of groupthink? Inert, passive and cowardly, the lot of them. True intellectuals would be alarmed and repelled by the heavy fog of dogma that now hangs over the debate about climate change. More skeptical voices need to be heard. Why are liberals abandoning this issue to the right wing, which is successfully using it to contrast conservative rationality with liberal emotionalism? The environmental movement, whose roots are in nature-worshipping Romanticism, is vitally important to humanity, but it can only be undermined by rampant propaganda and half-truths.>The paranoid withdrawal fantasy (The paranoid withdrawal fantasy)>**Camille Paglia** is a second-wave feminist and an American (United States - RationalWiki) academic specializing in literature (Literature - RationalWiki) and culture, particularly topics around gender (Gender - RationalWiki), sex (Sex - RationalWiki), and sexuality (Sexuality - RationalWiki). She has taught at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia since 1984, but is better known for her books and journalism. In 2005 she was voted #20 on a list of top public intellectuals by *Prospect* and *Foreign Policy* magazines.>**Nobel Laureate in Physics Dr. Ivar Giaever; "Global Warming is Pseudoscience"**https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdTlXuTwvEQ&t=65s>Published on 3 May 2018>Nobel Laureate Dr. Kary Mullis is correct in his assessment of the current state of climate science, describing it as a "Joke".>As he correctly points out, there is no scientific evidence whatever that our CO2 is, or can ever "drive" climate change.>There is also no published empirical scientific evidence that any CO2, whether natural or man-made, causes warming in the troposphere.>Mullis earned a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta in 1966, he then received a PhD in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1973.>His Nobel Prize was awarded in 1993.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1FnWFlDvxEWho is the most famous person who denies natural variation and mother nature as governing climate change?Home (Newsmax.com - Breaking news from around the globe) | Newsfront (Newsmax.com - Breaking news from around the globe: U.S. news, politics, world, health, finance, video, science, technology, live news stream)**Monday December 03, 2018****Physicist Dyson: Obama 'Chose the Wrong Side' on Climate Change**>Freeman Dyson (Nadine Rupp/Getty Images)By Greg Richter | Wednesday, 14 October 2015 09:32 PM>Noted theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson says he votes for Democrats, but is disappointed with the position President Barack Obama has taken on climate change.>Dyson worked on climate change before his retirement as professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1994, and said in an interview with the **U.K. Register** (Top boffin Freeman Dyson on climate change, interstellar travel, fusion, and more) that scientists are ignoring their own data that show climate change isn't happening as quickly as their models are predicting.>"It's very sad that in this country, political opinion parted [people's views on climate change]," Dyson said. "I'm 100 percent Democrat myself, and I like Obama. But he took the wrong side on this issue, and the Republicans took the right side.">Climate change, he said, "is not a scientific mystery but a human mystery. How does it happen that a whole generation of scientific experts is blind to obvious facts?">In the past 10 years the discrepancies between what is observed and what is predicted have become much stronger," Dyson said. "It's clear now the models are wrong, but it wasn't so clear 10 years ago. I can't say if they'll always be wrong, but the observations are improving and so the models are becoming more verifiable.">Carbon dioxide isn't as bad for the environment as claimed, he said, and actually does more good than harm.>Among Dyson's suggestions for combating climate change are building up topsoil and inducing snowfall to prevent the oceans from rising.>Dyson is best known for his work in quantum electrodynamics and nuclear engineering.Read Newsmax: Physicist Dyson: Obama 'Chose the Wrong Side' on Climate Change | Newsmax.com - Breaking news from around the globe (Physicist Dyson: Obama 'Chose the Wrong Side' on Climate Change)>**The Top Five Skeptical Climate-Change Scientists****[2]** (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)>**1. Lennart O. Bengtsson**>Bengtsson was born in Trollhättan, Sweden, in 1935. He holds a PhD (1964) in meteorology from the University of Stockholm. His long and productive career included positions as Head of Research and later Director at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading in the UK (1976 — 1990), and as Director of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg (1991 — 2000). Bengtsson is currently Senior Research Fellow with the Environmental Systems Science Centre at the University of Reading, as well as Director Emeritus of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology.Bengtsson’s scientific work has been wide-ranging, including everything from climate modelling and numerical weather prediction to climate data and data assimilation studies. Most recently, he has been involved in studies and modeling of the water cycle and extreme events. From his twin home bases in the UK and Germany, he has cooperated closely over the years with scientists in the US, Sweden, Norway, and other European countries.Bengtsson is best known to the general public due to a dispute which arose in 2014 over a paper he and his colleagues had submitted to *Environmental Research Letters*, but which was rejected for publication for what Bengtsson believed to be “activist” reasons. The paper disputed the uncertainties surrounding climate sensitivity to increased greenhouse gas concentrations contained in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports. Bengtsson and his co-authors maintained that the uncertainties are greater than the IPCC Assessment Reports claim. The affair was complicated by the fact that Bengtsson had recently agreed to serve on the board of the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), a climate skeptic organization. When Bengtsson voiced his displeasure over the rejection of his paper, and mainstream scientists noticed his new affiliation with the GWPF, intense pressure was brought to bear, both in public and behind the scenes, to force Bengtsson to recant his criticism of the journal in question and to resign from the GWPF. He finally did both of these things, but not without noting bitterly in his letter of resignation:>I have been put under such an enormous group pressure in recent days from all over the world that has become virtually unbearable to me. If this is going to continue I will be unable to conduct my normal work and will even start to worry about my health and safety. I see therefore no other way out therefore than resigning from GWPF. I had not expecting [sic] such an enormous world-wide pressure put at me from a community that I have been close to all my active life. Colleagues are withdrawing their support, other colleagues are withdrawing from joint authorship etc.>I see no limit and end to what will happen. It is a situation that reminds me about the time of McCarthy. I would never have expecting [sic] anything similar in such an original peaceful community as meteorology. Apparently it has been transformed in recent years.>[14] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)Bengtsson is the author or co-author of over 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as co-editor of several books (see below). In addition to numerous grants, commission and board memberships, honorary degrees, and other forms of professional recognition, he has received the Milutin Milanković Medal (1996) bestowed by the European Geophysical Society, the Descartes Prize (2005) bestowed by the European Union, the International Meteorological Organization Prize (2006), and the Rossby Prize (2007) bestowed by the Swedish Geophysical Society. Bengtsson is an Honorary Member of the American Meteorological Society (AMS), a Member of the New York Academy of Sciences and the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society (UK), and a Fellow of the Swedish Academy of Science, the Finnish Academy of Science, and the European Academy.**Professional Website** (Bengtsson Lennart)**Selected Books*** *Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions and Climate* (Cambridge University Press, 2001)* *The Earth’s Cryosphere and Sea Level Change* (Springer, 2012)* *Observing and Modeling Earth’s Energy Flows* (Springer, 2012)* *Towards Understanding the Climate of Venus: Applications of Terrestrial Models to Our Sister Planet* (Springer, 2013)>**2. John R. Christy**>Christy was born in Fresno, California, in 1951. He holds a PhD (1987) in atmospheric science from the University of Illinois. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science and Director of the Earth System Science Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.Christy is best known for work he did with Roy W. Spencer beginning in 1979 on establishing reliable global temperature data sets derived from microwave radiation probes collected by satellites. Theirs was the first successful attempt to use such satellite data collection for the purpose of establishing long-term temperature records. Although the data they collected were initially controversial, and some corrections to the interpretation of the raw data had to be made, the work — which is coming up on its fortieth anniversary — remains uniquely valuable for its longevity, and is still ongoing. Christy has long been heavily involved in the climate change/global warming discussion, having been a Contributor or Lead Author to five Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports relating to satellite temperature records. He was a signatory of the 2003 American Geophysical Union’s (AGU) statement on climate change, although he has stated that he was “very upset” by the AGU’s more extreme 2007 statement.[15] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)Christy began voicing doubts about the growing climate-change consensus in the 2000s. In an interview with the BBC from 2007, he accused the IPCC process of gross politicization and scientists of succumbing to “group-think” and “herd instinct.”[16] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics); In 2009, he made the following statement in testimony to the House Ways and Means Committee (altogether, he has testified before Congress some 20 times):>From my analysis, the actions being considered to “stop global warming” will have an imperceptible impact on whatever the climate will do, while making energy more expensive, and thus have a negative impact on the economy as a whole. We have found that climate models and popular surface temperature data sets overstate the changes in the real atmosphere and that actual changes are not alarming. And, if the Congress deems it necessary to reduce CO2 emissions, the single most effective way to do so by a small, but at least detectable, amount is through the massive implementation of a nuclear power program.>[17] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)Christy has not been shy about publicizing his views, making many of the same points in an op-ed piece he published with a colleague in 2014 in the *Wall Street Journal*.[18] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)In an interview with the *New York Times* published that same year, he explains the price he has had to pay professionally for his skeptical stance toward the climate-change consensus.[19] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)However, Christy stands his ground, refusing to give in to *ad hominem* attacks or the exercise of naked political power, insisting the issues must be discussed on the scientific merits alone.Christy is the author or co-author of numerous peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters (for a selection of a few of his best-known articles, see below). In 1991, Christy was awarded the Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement bestowed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for his groundbreaking work with Spencer. A Fellow of the American Meteorological Society (AMS), since 2000 Christy has been Alabama’s official State Climatologist.**Academic Website** (The Atmospheric Science Department)**Selected Publications*** ”Variability in daily, zonal mean lower-stratospheric temperatures," *Journal of Climate*, 1994, 7: 106 — 120.* ”Precision global temperatures from satellites and urban warming effects of non-satellite data," *Atmospheric Environment*, 1995, 29: 1957 — 1961.* ”How accurate are satellite ’thermometers'?," *Nature*, 1997, **3**89: 342 — 343.* “Multidecadal changes in the vertical structure of the tropical troposphere,” *Science*, 2000, **2**87: 1242 — 1245.* ”Assessing levels of uncertainty in recent temperature time series," *Climate Dynamics*, 2000, 16: 587 — 601.* ”Reliability of satellite data sets," *Science*, 2003, **3**01: 1046 — 1047.* ”Temperature changes in the bulk atmosphere: beyond the IPCC," in Patrick J. Michaels, ed., *Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming*. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.* ”A comparison of tropical temperature trends with model predictions," *International Journal of Climatology*, 2008, 28: 1693 — 1701.* ”Limits on CO2 climate forcing from recent temperature data of Earth," *Energy & Environment*, 2009, 20: 178 — 189.* ”What do observational datasets say about modeled tropospheric temperature trends since 1979?," *Remote Sensing*, 2010, 2: 2148 — 2169.* ”IPCC: cherish it, tweak it or scrap it?," *Nature*, 2010, **4**63: 730 — 732.* ”The international surface temperature initiative global land surface databank: monthly temperature data release description and methods," *Geoscience Data Journal*, 2014, 1: 75 — 102.>**3. Judith A. Curry**>Curry was born in 1953. She holds a PhD (1982) in geophysical sciences from the University of Chicago. She has taught at the University of Wisconsin, Purdue University, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Colorado at Boulder, and Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). In 2017, under a torrent of criticism from her colleagues and negative stories in the media, she was forced to take early retirement from her position as Professor in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Georgia Tech, a position she had held for 15 years (during 11 of those years, she had been Chair of the School). Curry is currently Professor Emerita at Georgia Tech, as well as President of Climate Forecast Applications Network, or CFAN (see below), an organization she founded in 2006.Curry is an atmospheric scientist and climatologist with broad research interests, including atmospheric modeling, the polar regions, atmosphere-ocean interactions, remote sensing, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for atmospheric research, and hurricanes, especially their relationship to tornadoes. Before retiring, she was actively researching the evidence for a link between global warming and hurricane frequency and severity.Curry was drummed out of academia for expressing in public her reservations about some of the more extreme claims being made by mainstream climate scientists. For example, in 2011, she published (with a collaborator) an article stressing the uncertainties involved in climate science and urging caution on her colleagues.[20] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)After having posted comments along these lines on other people’s blogs for several years, in 2010, she created her own climate-related blog, Climate Etc. (see below), to foster a more open and skeptical discussion of the whole gamut of issues involving climate change/global warming. She also gave testimony some half dozen times between 2006 and 2015 to Senate and House subcommittees, expressing in several of them her concerns about the politicization of the usual scientific process in the area of climate change. Writing on her blog in 2015 about her most-recent Congressional testimony, Curry summarized her position as follows:>The wickedness of the climate change problem provides much scope for disagreement among reasonable and intelligent people. Effectively responding to the possible threats from a warmer climate is made very difficult by the deep uncertainties surrounding the risks both from the problem and the proposed solutions.>The articulation of a preferred policy option in the early 1990’s by the United Nations has marginalized research on broader issues surrounding climate variability and change and has stifled the development of a broader range of policy options.>We need to push the reset button in our deliberations about how we should respond to climate change.>[21] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)Finding herself denounced as a “climate change denier” and under intense pressure to recant her views, in 2017 Curry instead took early retirement from her job at Georgia Tech and left academia, citing the “craziness” of the present politicization of climate science. She continues to be active in the field of climatology through her two blogs and her many public lectures.Curry is the author or co-author of more than 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as the co-author or editor of three books (see below). She has received many research grants, been invited to give numerous public lectures, and participated in many workshops, discussion panels, and committees, both in the US and abroad. In 2007, Curry was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).**Academic Website** (Judith Curry's Home Page)**Professional Website** (JUDITH CURRY | strip-header-layout)**Personal Website** (Climate Etc.)**Selected Books*** *Thermodynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans* (Academic Press, 1988)* *Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences* (Academic Press, 2003)* *Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Microphysics of Clouds* (Cambridge University Press, 2014)>**4. Richard S. Lindzen**>Lindzen was born in Webster, Massachusetts, in 1940. He holds a PhD (1964) in applied mathematics from Harvard University. He is currently Professor Emeritus in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT.Already in his PhD dissertation, Lindzen made his first significant contribution to science, laying the groundwork for our understanding of the physics of the ozone layer of the atmosphere.[22] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)After that, he solved a problem that had been discussed for over 100 years by some of the best minds in physics, including Lord Kelvin, namely, the physics of atmospheric tides (daily variations in global air pressure).[23] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)Next, he discovered the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), a cyclical reversal in the prevailing winds in the stratosphere above the tropical zone.[24] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)Then, Lindzen and a colleague proposed an explanation for the “superrotation” of the highest layer of Venus’s atmosphere (some 50 times faster than the planet itself), a model that is still being debated.[25] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)The idea for which Lindzen is best known, though, is undoubtedly the “adaptive infrared iris” conjecture.[26] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)According to this model, the observed inverse correlation between surface temperature and cirrus cloud formation may operate as a negative feedback on infrared radiation (heat) build-up near the earth’s surface. According to this proposal, decreasing cirrus cloud formation when surface temperatures rise leads to increased heat radiation into space, while increasing cirrus cloud formation when surface temperatures decline leads to increased heat retention — much as the iris of the human eye adapts to ambient light by widening and narrowing. If correct, this phenomenon would be reason for optimism that global warming might be to some extent self-limiting. Lindzen’s hypothesis has been highly controversial, but it is still being discussed as a serious proposal, even by his many critics.Lindzen was a Contributor to Chapter 4 of the 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Second Assessment, and to Chapter 7 of the 2001 IPCC Working Group 1 (WG1). Nevertheless, in the 1990s, Lindzen began to express his concern about the reliability of the computer models upon which official IPCC and other extreme climate projections are based. He has been especially critical of the notion that the “science is settled.” In a 2009 *Wall Street Journal* op-ed, he maintained that the science is far from settled and that “[c]onfident predictions of catastrophe are unwarranted.”[27] (The Top 15 Climate-Change Scientists: Consensus & Skeptics)For his trouble, Lindzen has suffered the usual brutal, *ad hominem* attacks from the climate-change establishment.Lindzen is author or co-author of nearly 250 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, as well as author, co-author, or editor of several books, pamphlets, and technical reports (see below). He is a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the American Geophysical Union (AGU), and the American Meteorological Society (AMS).**Academic Website** (http://www-eaps.mit.edu/faculty/lindzen.htm)**Selected Books*** *Atmospheric Tides* (D. Reidel, 1970)* *Semidiurnal Hough Mode Extensions in the Thermosphere and Their Application* (Naval Research Lab, 1977)* *The Atmosphere — a Challenge: The Science of Jule Gregory Charney*(American Meteorological Society, 1990)* *Dynamics in Atmospheric Physics* (Cambridge University Press, 1990)>**5. Nir J. Shaviv**>Shaviv was born in Ithaca, New York, in 1972, but was raised in Israel. He holds a doctorate (1996) in physics from the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. He spent a year as an IBM Einstein Fellow at the highly prestigious Institute for Advanced Study inShaviv first made a name for himself (see his 1998 and 2001 papers, below) with his research on the relationship between inhomogeneities in stellar atmospheres and the Eddington limit (the equilibrium point at which the centrifugal force of stellar radiation production equals the centripetal force of gravitation). This theoretical work led to a concrete prediction that was later confirmed telescopically (see the 2013 *Nature*paper listed below).Of more direct relevance to the climate-change debate was a series of papers Shaviv wrote, beginning in 2002 (see below), detailing a bold theory linking earth’s ice ages with successive passages of the planet through the various spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy, and with cosmic radiation more generally. He has also expressed his conviction that variations in solar radiation have played an equal, if not greater, role in the observed rise in mean global temperature over the course of the twentieth century than has human activity (see his 2012 paper, below). He maintains, not only that anthropogenic greenhouse gases have played a smaller role in global warming than is usually believed, but also that the earth’s climate system is not nearly so sensitive as is usually assumed.In recent years, Shaviv has become an active critic of the results and predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other organizations supporting the consensus view. In particular, he rejects the often-heard claim that “97% of climate scientists” agree that anthropogenic climate change is certain and highly dangerous. Shaviv emphasizes (see the video clip, below) that “science is not a democracy” and all that matters is the evidence for these claims — which he finds deficient.Shaviv is the author or co-author of more than 100 peer-reviewed journal articles or book chapters, of which some of the most important are listed below.**Academic Website** (Racah Institute of Physics)**Selected Publications*** ”Dynamics of fronts in thermally bi-stable fluids," *Astrophysical Journal*, 1992, **3**92: 106 — 117.* ”Origin of the high energy extragalactic diffuse gamma ray background," *Physical Review Letters*, 1995, 75: 3052 — 3055.* ”The Eddington luminosity limit for multiphased media," *Astrophysical Journal Letters*, 1998, **4**94: L193 — L197.* ”The theory of steady-state super-Eddington winds and its application to novae," *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*, 2001, **3**26: 126 — 146.* ”The spiral structure of the Milky Way, cosmic rays, and ice age epochs on Earth," *New Astronomy*, 2002, 8: 39 — 77.* ”Celestial driver of Phanerozoic climate?," *GSA Today*, July 2003, 13(7): 4 — 10.* ”Climate Change and the Cosmic Ray Connection," in Richard C. Ragaini, ed.,* International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies: 30th Session: Erice, Italy, 18 — 26 August 200*3. Singapore: World Scientific, 2004.* ”On climate response to changes in the cosmic ray flux and radiative budget," *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 2005, **1**10: A08105.* ”On the link between cosmic rays and terrestrial climate”, *International Journal of Modern Physics A*, 2005, 20: 6662 — 6665.* ”Interstellar-terrestrial relations: variable cosmic environments, the dynamic heliosphere, and their imprints on terrestrial archives and climate," *Space Science Reviews*, 2006, **1**27: 327 — 465.* ”The maximal runaway temperature of Earth-like planets”, *Icarus*, 2011, **2**16: 403 — 414.* ”Quantifying the role of solar radiative forcing over the 20th century," *Advances in Space Research*, 2012, 50: 762 — 776.* ”The sensitivity of the greenhouse effect to changes in the concentration of gases in planetary atmospheres," *Acta Polytechnica*, 2013, 53(Supplement): 832 — 838.* ”An outburst from a massive star 40 days before a supernova explosion," *Nature*, 2013, **4**94: 65 — 67.

Depending on the country you are working in, you may be already in a no-win situation .... and the only positive outcome will require a drastic re-creation of your life.I really empathize with your plight. Sad to say, but I would say this is close to the norm for Japanese 'educational' institutes that tend to look at foreign hires as expendable commodities. I have been on the receiving end of lies, deception, marginalization, and isolation ... complete dehumanization ... whenever it suited the personal agendas of my 'colleagues'. They feel no shame in being caught red handed in a lie either because even as a 'tenured' Associate Professor, I was clearly shown that I was first and foremost a foreigner and not to be considered as an equal.Probably the most stressful situations occurred when my 'colleagues' demanded that they controlled which language I was to use, and when. And this despite having a graduate degree and doctoral research work in linguistics, and being somewhat conversant in Japanese - having lived over half my life here. I was ordered to speak only English to students (who have low comprehension skills, even by Japanese standards) as well as to non-comprehending parents during recruiting drives. The native Japanese who were English teachers, on the other hand, had complete freedom to choose what language they would use and when, so they could always come riding to the rescue of students who were overwhelmed by 'the scary foreigner who would not speak Japanese'.On the other hand, weekly committee meetings and monthly general academic meetings were conducted entirely in Japanese, and highly technical, bureaucratic Japanese at that. Although I could get the gist of it, my understanding was neither quick nor accurate enough to participate in meetings that I was required to attend. And that is exactly what my 'colleagues' wanted — obligatory attendance to give a show of 'equality', but effectively isolated from all decision making processes. All documents were in Japanese kanji — in which I am functionally illiterate — my graduate work was in T.E.S.O.L. —Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, not Japanese literacy. I could somewhat understand that no one would could be bothered to translate important documents for me, but to refuse me permission to have an 'outsider' from the school to translate for me is a breech of Japanese labor law, not to mention morally repugnant. From any number of academic and legal perspectives, such top-down control over a person's capacity to communicate is a breach of human rights, and the antithesis of the standards to which a so-called educational institute should aspire. As a foreigner, I was purposely isolated from all decision making processes, yet obliged to follow any rules or orders resulting from those processes. I can be pretty sure that this is a common practice at many Japanese 'educational' institutes.Eventually, it reached a point where prior to taking my research sabbatical to Cambodia, I was asked to sign a document forcing me to obey all the orders from my department 'colleagues' ... specifically an order prohibiting me from engaging in any volunteer activities or community outreach programs. I refused to sign on my 'western' human standard of inalienable human rights. My sabbatical was immediately cancelled, and I received a document from the board of directors stating that I would not receive any classes for the following academic year. I chose to exercise my right to a medical leave of absence by seeing a psychiatrist once a month to get sleeping pills and anti-depressants. I also took advantage of the time to get a hip-joint replacement surgery.As the allotted time for the medical leave of absence came to an end, I was told by my local union that my only choice was to return to school with a continued ban on teaching, a ban on volunteering or engaging in outreach programs, and no sabbatical — or to resign. My lawyer said that taking the school to court would likely result in a win for me, but in Japan, it would be a long, drawn-out process and the financial reward would be minimal. So I chose to resign from a 'tenured' position in a Japanese college.With 30 years experience teaching at the college level, including at some Japanese 'Ivy League' schools, years of volunteer work and community outreach projects with students, publications and research ... suddenly, I can not even pick up a single part-time class in the Tokyo area. Mysterious Japan. And turning 60 this year, makes the practical advice given by Jimmy Wales, though generally good, of little value to me.What is sadder still, is his advice is of little use to most member's of Japan's working class. Once you become a full-time employee, (and even many who have only a part-time status), you are company property. There is a constant cat and mouse game between the left hand of the government trying its best to get young people to marry and shore up a rapidly declining population and tax base ... and the right hand of Abenomics and middle management continually squeezing the life out of the working class and concentrating more power into the hands of the oligarchy. For a long time time now, it has been generally taken for granted that anyone who leaves their first full-time job has only a downward spiral in a 'flawed' career. Despite the long history of government mandates for a more humane work-life balance, workshops dealing with power-harassment issues, and a recently passed law requiring any company employing over 500 people to hold yearly mental health checks on their employees ... as of 2014, the greatest single cause of death in males between the ages of 20 and 44 is suicide. Suicide in JapanIn another post, I have proposed my understanding of the dynamics behind this as a run-away, bureaucratic nightmare, much like the movie Brazil (1985 film), subliminally derived from Confucian deference towards unquestioned obedience to authority. The system is such that competitive politicking within the corporate culture allows the self-entitled to rise to their highest level of incompetence within the institution. Now where have we seen that before, I wonder? If the reader of this post has not yet come across Robin Dunbar's theorey underlying group dynamics, I highly recommend this link as a start ... Dunbar's numberI have thought hard and long about this, trying to reconcile my plight with furthering my understanding of the dark side of human nature — most specifically self promotion for pecking order, and the tribal instinct. But there are cultural constraints as well. The Japanese government, after all, is willing to sacrifice even Japanese lives in order to save face: Japan Airlines Flight 123 , and Japanese Reaction to Catastrophe Worries White House , not to mention the unintended consequences of suicide as stated earlier. If Japanese institutions are willing to do this to their own citizens, I don't stand a snowball's chance. On the other hand, I now have plenty of time to read, write, and try to learn jazz guitar. And there's always quora — where I can remain a student and teacher, and find my own tribe.Update, Wednesday July 22, 2015 —Toshiba has been caught in the big lie of doctoring its books, causing some to doubt the validity of the whole Japanese stock market. Related to another of my posts outlining my observations on some of the dysfunctions of groups that are exacerbated by culture, in the following, I tie three items in today’s news (Japan) about institutionally sanctioned lying in Japan.Toshiba needs to correct corporate culture that flouts normal rulesToshiba needs to correct corporate culture that flouts normal rules7:11 pm, July 22, 2015The Yomiuri ShimbunIt is outrageous that a major company that represents Japan repeatedly padded its profits on a corporate-wide basis. A third-party panel looking into Toshiba Corp’s improper accounting practices has released an investigative report. The report acknowledged that the postponement of posting losses and other accounting irregularities were carried out systematically under managerial judgment during the leadership of three successive presidents — current President Hisao Tanaka, Vice Chairman Norio Sasaki and Atsutoshi Nishida, an adviser. Toshiba’s in-house investigation revealed about ¥50 billion of overstated profits, but the panel put the sum at more than ¥150 billion.It is natural for six other directors, as well as the current and former presidents, to resign from their posts and for the company to conduct a major shakeup of its top management. Toshiba must do everything it can to regain trust and prevent a recurrence of such accounting irregularities. The main cause for the manipulation of its accounts lies in the company’s excessive emphasis on corporate profits.And of course, early retirement is ALL that will happen to those in positions of authority who knowingly lied about the equivalent of over 800 Million Dollars.At meetings to discuss performances, the president and other top executives set excessive earnings targets, which they dubbed “challenges,” and demanded that each section achieve them. In one case, the top management issued an extraordinary directive that profits should be increased by ¥12 billion in just three days before the end of the settlement term, forcing front line operators to inflate profits. In addition, the report said a “corporate culture” in which employees could not object to superiors became a hotbed of long-standing accounting irregularities.This is not so much 'corporate culture’ as Japanese culture. Today, most of Japan experienced temperatures of between 35 and 38 degrees C, and with humidity around 70%, over 6,000 people were taken to the hospital suffering from symptoms of heat stroke. Despite the nearly unbearable conditions, young college students caught up in the job hunting season felt pressure to wear full suit and tie. According to today's NHK news report, about 30 % of the companies interviewing students said they would accept applicants wearing ‘cool biz’ casual wear introduced during the former Prime Minister Koizumi’s tenure, as long as it was not ‘too casual’. The students are not dumb. They know that obedience to a rigid standard of conformity of ’standards’ and compliance to authority are highly valued by the corporate world, and so, despite the sweltering heat, most of the students looking for jobs followed that standard of suit and tie. They were spared from heat stroke only by virtue of their relative youth and good health. But according to statistics I pasted in the original post above, that youth and health will not last, and the majority of male deaths between the ages of 20 and 44 will be suicide … most of them work related.Internal controls failedThe practice to attach more importance to superiors’ orders rather than regulatory compliance cannot be overlooked. It is necessary to correct a culture that gives little credence to acceptable rules. Internal controls that are supposed to monitor injustices within the company from an independent position failed to function. Of the five members at the audit committee involved in accounting and business affairs, three were outside directors, while the remaining two were former Foreign Ministry officials. “No members were well-versed in financial and accounting affairs,” the report said in a critical assessment.Toshiba had been regarded as a pioneer in corporate governance reform as the company introduced outside directors earlier than other major companies. However, it cannot be helped if such reforms are described as window dressing and without real substance. The company must drastically review its management structure.The same old litany. And you can expect to continue hearing this refrain on just about a monthly basis … Toshiba, Riken, TEPCO, Olympus, Mitsubishi, Toyo Rubber, and on and on. By chance, today I was listening to a Youtube posted biography of the notoriously bad movie director Ed Wood.I could not help noticing the parallels between how Ed Wood worked and how my own former University’s curriculum ‘developed’, and would assume that institute is fairly representative of many Japanese colleges as well as businesses. Some revealing quotes from a couple of actors in ‘Plan 9 From Outer Space’."He gave us very little direction … I don’t think he knew what the motivation (of the scene) was … he just wanted to get the actors to say their lines … if someone flubbed a scene, he (kept the film rolling) and just covered the errors in a cover shot … he was not so much concerned with quality as getting it on film … he worked like decoupage, like making a patchwork quilt, you’ve got this piece and that piece and you sew it all together … he didn’t have a master design. He grabbed what was handy and stuck it on to what was available.”And such it is with corporate or political restructuring or creating a new oversight committee. Particularly in Japan Inc.’s predilection to imitate, not just Anglo-Euro Centric products, but also Western models of corporate and political organization (as if they weren't dsyfunctional in their own right) - the education system, military, and medical industry are based on either British or German models dating back from the Meiji-era. But Japan only imitates the surface veneer of institutional organizations ... so that they will not have to pay the price of giving up their old Confucian-tradition of adherence to centralization and obedience to authority.The Toshiba case is NOT an isolated case of 'The practice to attach more importance to superiors’ orders rather than regulatory compliance'. It is engrained in the culture here. If a superior says 'white' is 'black', you'd better be the first in line to say 'Yes Sir' while bowing, otherwise you face dire consequences. This is as true in the education industry as it is in corporate Japan. This is most likely connected to why the liberal arts tradition of education (a critical attitude towards authority) has never taken a strong foothold here, and why the majority of Japanese Nobel laureates suggest the best and brightest of Japan to get out of the country if they have any scientific ambition. But to continue with the editorial …A professional auditing firm also failed to detect the padded profits. The Toshiba case presents a difficult task — how to bring to light a cover-up operation that involves top management. There seems to be no end to accounting irregularities by major listed companies, including accounting irregularities at Olympus Corp. that were discovered in 2011. The reason for this may be because many executives in top management regard past cases as someone else’s problem.Yep. We call it ‘cognitive dissonance’ or ‘othering’. Another op-ed in today’s Japan News addressed the problem of how to handle ‘political neutrality’ in the class room, now that the voting age will soon be lowered to 18. Political activity has been tightly controlled on high school campuses by the Ministry of Education because the fear of the anti-Vietnam war riots and political activism on college campuses in 1969 spilling over onto high school campuses … the old sempai-kohai (senior-Junior) connections intact. Even now, most colleges try to stay on the good side of the Ministry in order to keep tax funded subsidies rolling in, and political activism is not encouraged, to say the least. Today’s newspaper announced a controversial report submitted by an education committee of the ruling LDP calling for 'insurance of political neutrality in the classroom'. Controversial because even some members of the LDP realize that education can never be politically neutral, merely incognizant. I would go as far as to say that the liberal arts tradition of education encourages good citizenship by implying a moral imperative to question authority, and if necessary, break those laws which one’s conscience considers unjust … MLK Jr’s ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’ is my touchstone."Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.]"With Chinese economic and military expansion in the Far East, there is a well founded danger for the ruling LDPs report to be framed into a bill limiting scholastic or student criticism of the central government’s policies in the name of ’neutrality’ or ‘patriotism’.We hope all companies seriously examine their internal systems so as not to undermine confidence in information disclosure by Japanese companies and trust in the securities market.From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 22, 2015Ha. The lessons of the Lehman shock are already forgotten. How long do you think the Toshiba case will remain in the collective conscious?Update ... page 2 of the Aug. 25 edition of The Japan News (subsidiary of the Yomiuri Shinbum) indicates the centralized Ministry of Education's response to the cross disciplinary ills affecting Japan Inc. The headline says it all ... '26 National Universities to abolish humanities, social sciences'. So I guess the drafting of all future laws protecting human rights, and the enforcement of those laws will be left in the hands of the largely anonymous political/bureaucratic machine. Scary times ahead.Dec. 2015 — Update regarding Lying and in Japan's 'Technical' Corporate Culture ... Season of Scandal Hits Japan With Company Confession Flurry — Steve

Actually we are all in wrong path of doing Phd and then opting for professor ship as a career. As a Phd there are many opportunities as a business.If you’re a PhD or postdoc, it’s crucial for you to understand all the opportunities you have in front of you.You need to gain in depth knowledge of all the career tracks available to you, not just one or two.You should also pay close attention to changing trends, making sure to note which job sectors are rising and which are falling.10 Top Non-Academic Jobs Alternative For STEM PhDsGain a thorough understanding of your career options.Otherwise, you will be forced by circumstances to take a position that is not in alignment with your long-term career goals.To avoid this fate, we’ve collated a list of the top 10 hottest non-academic jobs.Understanding which industry positions are on the rise will help you see what’s available to you outside of a traditional postdoc or professorship.There are many alternative career options available to STEM PhDs.It will also help you make an intelligent decision on which positions you would enjoy and which you may not enjoy.When choosing the next step in your career, be sure to consider not only the title and salary you want to have, but the lifestyle you want to live.Don’t make the mistake of chasing something that will ultimately make you miserable.This is how many PhDs ended up in poor and unhappy postdoc positions in the first place.Here are 10 top non-academic careers for PhDs to consider applying to…1. Market Research AnalystMarker Research Analyst roles exist in most industries, but they are especially significant in innovation-based sectors such as electronics, IT or biotechnology.According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics this profession is projected to experience a job growth of 20% from 2004 to 2014.Market research analysts are expected to gain a complete understanding of the commercial landscape associated with a specific technology or sector.A PhD’s ability to analyze large amounts of information and identify comparative advantages between two technologies is very valuable to this role.As a Market Research Analyst, your responsibilities include gaining information about commercialization opportunities as well as evaluating the key advantages and disadvantages of your products versus competitor products.You will apply this information and your technical expertise to create reports that outline key niches for commercialization, estimate market size, identify current major players in the sector and recognize prospective future competitors.Your reports will act as essential tools that administrative teams will use to plan an ideal commercialization path, thereby avoiding pitfalls and maximizing revenues.Since Market Research Analysts provide key market information and collaborate with strategic decision-maker, this role can open up doors to higher management positions.As innovation based industries grow and continue to globalize, there will be an increasing demand for science PhDs in Market Research roles.2. Business Development ManagerA recent career survey by CNN Money found that Business Development Managers, or BDMs, ranked in the top 100 careers worldwide with a projected growth rate of 16.4%.The name of this role might suggest that it’s only for professionals with a business degree.But, nowadays, science PhDs are being increasingly hired as BDMs.This is because many PhDs excel at understanding complex technologies, which is crucial to technology-based sectors such as biotechnology, software, consumer electronics, and pharmaceuticals.A BDM’s key responsibilities include developing new business opportunities, managing existing products, developing market strategies, and building new business partnerships.As a BDM, you will have to prioritize innovative products based on market needs and competitor positioning.Thorough knowledge of not only a company’s technology, but its culture and products is key to this role.BDMs are required to use a combination of scientific knowledge, analytical skills and market trends to forecast things like revenues, profits, and losses.Your presentation and teaching skills are also valuable to this position because BDMs are expected to present to management and marketing teams regularly.3. Competitive Intelligence AnalystCompetitive Intelligence (CI) Analysts main role is to gather information about products that are in a competing company’s pipeline and analyzing these products to determine how they will affect the market.A Global Intelligence Alliance survey of global software, healthcare, pharmaceutical, financial, energy and manufacturing found that the hiring of CI analysts will increase dramatically in the coming years, with 60% of hiring managers reporting that they are actively looking for candidates.As a CI Analyst, you will turn information about your competition into actionable intelligence for your company.You will be required to gather information from key opinion leaders (KOLs), intelligence databases, scientific conferences and online resources.These inputs will be used to determine both threats or opportunities in the market.CI Analysts play a critical role in supporting a company’s management team in making strategic marketing decisions.PhDs have already have many of the skills required for this role, including strong scientific and technical knowledge, strong information gathering skills, and the ability to analyze large data sets.CI Analyst positions often act as a gateway to higher executive positions as these Analysts already contribute to a company’s executive decision-making.CI Analyst positions are abundant in not only technology-based companies, but also inn specialized CI firms that are dedicated to offering CI services to a wide range of clients.4. Product ManagerProduct Managers (PMs) are responsible for managing the entire life-cycle of an innovative product.They oversee the development of a product and the management of product after it launches.An employment survey conducted between 2012 and 2013 found that the demand for Product Managers in technology-based sectors is increasing by 23% annually.PMs are responsible for analyzing a product’s market performance as well as determining ways to boost a product’s commercial success while simultaneously determining how to phase out or terminate older versions of the product.PM roles are multifunctional and demand collaboration spread across multiple divisions of an organization.As a PM, you must be able to quickly identify market needs, communicate those needs with your marketing team, and find innovative solutions for these needs.You must also possess a unique blend of business acumen and creativity. Successful PMs are able to envision new products and clearly understand the competitive landscape of their market.PM roles are available for PhDs in most technology-based sectors, including electronics, aeronautics, IT and software, and of course, biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors.5. Management ConsultingTen years ago, most consulting firms only employed MBAs.Things have changed.Thanks to the steady rise of technology-based business sectors, there has been a significant increase in the number of science PhDs being hired by these firms.According to a Bloomberg Business report, the consulting market is expected to experience an overall annual growth rate of 3.7%.The same report stated that the management consulting market recently grew by 8.5% to a total value of $39.3 billion.STEM PhDs are in high demand for consulting positions because they have a strong technical background and are specifically trained troubleshooting difficult problems.Many PhDs fail to pursue Management Consulting positions because they believe that these positions require extensive industry experience. This is not true.Even the most reputed global consulting firms have specialized job opportunities for PhDs.As a Management Consultant, you will be required to leverage your problem solving skills. You will also be required to design unique strategies for overcoming these problems.Management consultants must be able to work in collaborative “teamwork” environments where communication and leadership skills are crucial.You must be able to present your findings both orally in PowerPoint presentations and in written form through detailed reports.A key advantage of securing a Management Consultant position is that it will open doors for a variety of opportunities including executive management, venture capitalism, and entrepreneurship.6. Quantitative AnalystThere are many opportunities for science PhDs to transition into Quantitative Analyst (QAs).Most of QA positions are available in major financial institutions involved in financial trading.A report by Recruiter showed that over the last 10 years, employment opportunities for QAs in the U.S. have grown by 29%.A similar report based on U.S. labor statistics showed QA positions will grow by 20% through 2018.QA responsibilities include quantitative data analysis, financial research, statistical modeling, and pattern recognition—all related to predicting trades.Science PhD with backgrounds in “quant” related disciplines such as Mathematics, Statistics, Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science are highly sought after for these positions.However, many Life Science PhDs are also being hired as QAs. This is due to increases in financial trading in the biotechnology industry.Science PhDs continue to be preferred by QA firms because of their proven ability to conduct independent research and their detailed understanding of the scientific aspects of technology-based sectors.As a QA, you will be expected to have a strong scientific background and to be able to work under pressure with little supervision.You will also be required to gain deep financial knowledge of your markets and be able to grasp advanced mathematical concepts quickly.7. Medical Communication SpecialistMedical Communication Specialists are broadly described as technical writers involved in the development and production of communication medical and healthcare related materials.A Bureau of Labor Statistics report shows that Medical Communication Specialist positions are expected to grow by 15% between now and 2022.As a Medical Communication Specialist, your responsibilities will include writing and editing materials that healthcare organizations will use to communicate with patients, clients and medical professionals.You must be able to organize, edit, and present information in a manner appropriate for your target audience.Medical Communication Specialists must also possess excellent written communication skills and have a strong understanding of the ethical or regulatory guidelines in their field.The main reason for this is that Medical Communication Specialists often work to produce a variety of documents, including patient education brochures, Web content, physician articles, sales training materials and regulatory documents.8. Healthcare Information Technology SpecialistIn 2009, the US government enacted the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act).According to this new government initiative, there is a massive push for adoption of healthcare technology by healthcare providers.One of the major criteria of this act is to convert all healthcare related data into an electronic format.This has made the role of Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) Specialist one of the fastest growing jobs.A recent HIT Specialist related survey reported that there were a total of 434,282 HIT-related job postings between 2007 and 2011.As a HIT Specialist, you will be responsible for organizing patients’ medical record into electronic databases, verifying patients’ medical charts, and communicating with physicians to ensure the accuracy of their diagnoses.Science PhDs who are trained in Life Science fields and have experience with online databases such as Genomics and Bioinformatics are highly sought after for this position.You must have a strong background in medical research as well as medical terminology.You must also be willing to learn about medical coding, information technology, clinical database management, and medical billing.Hospitals, ambulatory healthcare services, clinical research centers, academic research institutions, and health insurance providers are the main sources of employment for HIT Specialists.9. Operations Research AnalystOperations Research Analysts are responsible for investigating complex issues, identifying and solving operational problems and facilitating a more cost-effective and efficient functioning of an organization.In short, these Analysts are very high-level problem solvers. Their job is to systemize organizations as efficiently and effectively as possible.Operations Research Analysts were first implemented by the military a few decades ago but now they are used in almost every sector.The demand of this role has increased investments in big data analytics platforms.Job reports show that Operations Research Analyst positions are estimated to grow by 27% per year until 2022, making it one of the hottest jobs of the next decade.As an Operations Research Analyst, you must be able to use data mining techniques, mathematical modeling, and statistical analyses to provide real-time operational guidance to large biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies.STEM PhDs with academic training in Mathematics, Statistics, Computational Modeling, and Data Mining are highly sought after for these positions.Although a bachelor’s degree is often mentioned as the minimum qualification in Operations Research Analyst job postings, graduate degree holders are heavily favored.10. Medical Science LiaisonBecoming a Medical Science Liaison (MSL) is a rapidly growing opportunity for STEM PhDs.A recent McKinsey & Company report found that MSL roles will continue to increase rapidly through 2020. The same report also showed that advanced degree holders with a strong scientific background will be hired more and more for these roles.A international recruiting survey found that MSL positions have increased by over 38% and is one of the fastest growing, science-related jobs in the world.MSL positions can be found in a variety of healthcare-based sectors including pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device sectors.The biggest misconception regarding MSL positions is that it is a sales position. This is not true.In reality, MSLs act as scientifically trained field personnel who are considered to be part of a company’s medical staff. Most MSLs are not even allowed to discuss drug prices or conduct sales.This provides MSLs with more freedom to learn and teach. As a result, they gain a deeper knowledge of therapeutic areas and are able to discuss detailed medical and scientific issues with physicians.As an MSL, one of your key responsibilities is to build rapport with KOLs in various therapeutic research areas.You must have extensive clinical or medical knowledge and, at the same time, be a “people-person.”Strong communication skills are important but you must also be able to work independently and travel extensively.Twenty years ago, MSLs were selected from experienced sales representatives that had strong scientific backgrounds. This has changed. Now, PhDs with relevant scientific knowledge are often hired.Currently PhDs with medical knowledge have a significant advantage in finding employment.However, MSL positions are highly competitive with only 1-2% of applicants getting hired.You can make yourself a more competitive candidate for these positions by first taking a Clinical Research Associate (CRA) position.A PhD combined with CRA experience is considered by industry experts as the best way to prepare yourself for an MSL position.The two most important lessons you will learn by searching for an alternative career is that there are several jobs available to you and other PhDs outside of academia. You do not have to do a postdoc or continue doing a postdoc. The key is that you must work to change your situation. In order to secure your ideal industry position, you must prepare yourself by gathering as much information about alternative career options for science graduates as possible. You must also begin to grow your non-academic network. Only then will you be able to transition into the non-academic career of your choice.