Ein Application 2001: Fill & Download for Free

At one time, foreign companies received EINs starting with “98” (not with “8”).However, today EIN prefixes are based on the Internal Revenue Service office that is assigning the EIN.As the IRS explains at How EINs are Assigned and Valid EIN Prefixes | Internal Revenue Service (irs.gov):Prior to 2001, the first two digits of an EIN (the EIN Prefix) indicated the business was located in a particular geographic area. In 2001, EIN assignment was centralized, although all 10 campuses can assign an EIN, if necessary.As a result of the centralization effort, the EIN prefix no longer has the same significance. The EIN prefix now only indicates which campus assigned the EIN. Each campus has certain prefixes available for use, as well as prefixes that are solely for use by the online application and the Small Business Administration. The prefix breakdown is shown in the table below:Andover10, 12Atlanta60, 67Austin50, 53Brookhaven01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25, 34, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 65Cincinnati30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 61Fresno15, 24Kansas City40, 44Memphis94, 95Ogden80, 90Philadelphia33, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 98, 99Internet20, 26, 27, 45, 46, 47, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85Small Business Administration (SBA)31

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 explicitly entitles private business in the US to help non-residents to bank here. However, banks and credit unions must follow stricter guidelines when verifying identity of an account applicant who is non-American.The criteria for opening a bank account in the US vary from bank to bank, but general requirements are as under:Identity Card: Non-American customers will need to show photo identification including numeric identity- a valid passport, another identity card issued by your own government, or the alien ID number from a work visa, student ID, or green card. In most cases, you need to furnish original documents.Social Security Number (SSN) - not mandatory but desired: An SSN is not mandatorily required, but its absence may push for bank’s scrutiny of your documentation. Individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) may also be accepted by the bank if you are unable to get SSN.Employer Identification Number (EIN): EIN is issued by the US Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for your business. You can use an EIN to open a bank account in the US.You need to visit a bank branch: Even you can process your application online, it is likely that you will need to appear physically at a bank branch to complete it, under USA Patriot Act. It is because of the fear of terrorism-related money laundering after 2001 attack.You must make a minimum deposit: The amount of deposit may vary from bank to bank, but typically ranges between $ 5 and $ 50 for regular savings account

Concrete has high compressive strength, but is remarkably weak in tension (about one-tenth its compressive strength), and as such, is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). Reinforcement solutions to plain concrete in the form of steel bars have existed and been studied for a long time now. However, a whole new spectrum of possibilities are open with the use of steel fibres, which have been found improve the properties of plain concrete and cater to a host of various specific applications of structural concrete.The use of steel fibres for reinforcing concrete grade slabs in applications such as industrial floors, warehouses, ports and highway pavements is prevalent world over. They are also widely used in underground support infrastructure, particularly shotcrete linings, tunnels and ground stabili-zation. In India, thanks to the improvements in steel fibre technology and more user experiences in terms of economy and durability, the use of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is gaining traction. Advancements in admixture technologies over the last few decades coupled with developments in fibre manufacturing technology (e.g. collated /glued fibres) have enabled easier mixing, batching and improved workability of SFRC. There is an increased understanding in the industry that each fibre type behaves differently and this fact must be considered while specifying steel fibres and designing SFRC elements in various projects.Behaviour of SFRCSFRC is a concrete that has a homogenous distribution of randomly oriented discontinuous and discrete steel fibres. Steel fibres are introduced in the concrete matrix during the mixing of its constituent ingredients. Upon hardening, these fibres improve the properties of concrete such as ductility, fracture toughness, energy dissipation, impact resistance, fatigue resistance and limiting of crack propagation. Under tension, as cracks start propagating inside concrete, steel fibres present in the matrix bridge the cracks and transfer the tension across them during this process. Thus, steel fibres actually causes no considerable increase in the flexural strength (modulus of rupture) of the concrete yet contributes in improving the load carrying capacity of a structural system on account of increased toughness and rotation capacity.The difference in behaviour of Plain Concrete and SFRC is made clear with the help of a four point beam bending test. It is observed that for plain concrete, a sudden and brittle mode of failure occurs after the peak load is reached which then is used to calculate the flexural strength of the concrete. When sufficient ductility is ensured in the beam with the addition of steel fibres in concrete, a strain softening phenomenon is observed after the load at first crack or peak load in the beam. Thus, with this kind of toughening behaviour in the beam, post-crack flexural strength of SFRC is guaranteed.Adding steel fibres purely on a volume fraction basis has its disadvantages in that it fails to differentiate between various kinds of steel fibres and considers the volume of steel added as the only criterion. This is obviously not true because for a given volume of fibres, smaller diameter fibres are more in number than the larger ones. This consequently results in a larger network of fibres within the concrete matrix which would definitely alter the performance of the concrete due to higher confinement. Similarly, aspect ratio (length/diameter) of the fibre has a greater bearing in the performance of SFRC in that higher aspect ratios yield better performance due to longer anchorage lengths and fibre network. Apart from the differences in sizes and aspect ratios, steel fibres may come to differ in shape (straight/hooked end/ undulated), form (fibres glued together with water soluble glue/ loose), tensile strength (high/medium/low) and materials (mild steel/galvanized/stainless). Thus, all fibres are not alike and must be selected based on the requirements of the user and applications they will be put to use. Consequently, SFRC should never be simplified as a “concrete with steel fibres”. SFRC has to be seen as an engineered material which when added to an appropriate concrete composition according to a suitable fibre type and corresponding dosage meets the given requirements.Applications of SFRCGenerally, in structural applications, SFRC should only be used in a supplementary role to inhibit cracking, to improve resistance to impact, to resist dynamic loading and material disintegration. In structural members where considerable flexural and axial tensile stresses occur, such as in beams, columns, suspended/roof slabs etc., steel fibres alone are insufficient and should never be wholly used to replace traditional steel reinforcements. Some of the more appropriate examples of general structural and non-structural uses of SFRC are listed as follows:-Hydraulic structures — Dams, stilling basins, and sluice ways as new or replacement slabs or overlays to resist cavitation damageAirport and highway paving and overlays – Particularly where a thinner-than-normal slab is desiredIndustrial floors — For impact resistance and resistance to thermal shockRefractory concrete — Using high-alumina cement in both castable and shotcrete applicationsFoundation slabs for residential buildingsBridge decks — As an overlay or topping where the primary structural support is provided by an underlying reinforced concrete deckIn shotcrete linings — For underground support in tunnels and mines, usually with rock boltsIn shotcrete coverings — To stabilize above ground rock or soil slopes, e.g., highway and railway cuts, and embankmentsThin shell structures — shotcreted “foam domes”Explosion-resistant structures — Usually in combination with reinforcing barsA possible future use in seismic-resistant structuresApplications in India: Grade SlabsOne of the major application areas of SFRC seen in India happens to be “slab-on grade” (industrial flooring, concrete pavements, ground slabs etc.) where it establishing itself as a meaningful alternative to plain or reinforced concrete. Slab-on-grade can be defined as a slab that can be fully supported by a sufficiently compacted sub-base. The general loading cases in such a structure include stationary loads due to racks, pallets, containers etc. and moving loads like trucks, stackers and fork-lifts.As a design basis, bending moments are calculated according to the appropriate ground support and loading conditions. Depending on whether the slab is plain concrete or SFRC, appropriate design approaches have to be used. Conventional plain concrete slabs work only up to a point where the stresses in the slab lie within the elastic range of the material. As soon as the stresses in the slab exceed the elastic threshold range, the plain concrete cracks in a brittle manner, losing its capability to carry any further substantial loads. Such a scenario in slabs leads to large cracks which require costly repairs. SFRC slabs on the other hand work on the principle of load redistribution which allows the use of a plastic design approach where the stresses in the slab are not just limited to an elastic threshold value, but are allowed to go beyond by the sheer capability of this transformed material. The plastic design approach allows for the full properties of SFRC to be put to use.Real scale lab tests performed to characterize the behaviour of plain concrete v/s SFRC reveal a lot of differences. Results show distinct and large cracks appearing in plain concrete slabs that run through the section, dividing the slab into various pieces as soon as the moment capacity is reached while SFRC on the contrary allows for yielding of the slab by progressively smearing the excess moments, leading to finer cracks.Applications in India: Shotcrete Tunnel LiningsConstruction of tunnel linings forms an integral part of any tunnel drilling activity. After the drill and blast operation inside a tunnel, the surrounding rock mass requires some kind of a temporary support which is typically provided by thin shotcrete linings. The role of such a shotcrete lining is not to try and support the original ground pressures but to stabilise the deformations required to mobilise the inherent ground strength. As excavation proceeds, ground moves into the tunnel and radial pressure required for equilibrium reduces as the ground strength is mobilized.Rock supports in tunnels involve a constant risk of unexpected loads and deformations. In such a case, the best safety is achieved by having a shotcrete layer support that allows for the highest possible fracture energy i.e. toughness or ductility.Performance characterization for SFRCOne needs to understand that although all the different types of fibres mentioned previously work in improving the properties of concrete in some way; they do so with varying degrees of performance. For example, and not all of them fulfil the requirements on field and lack technical details that a designer needs to assess the fibre performance in the structure. The idea is to have an “engineered fibre” not just any alternative to make the solution work in a manner it is envisioned to in the structure. Some of the important parameters are listed below:-Shape (straight, hooked, undulated, crimped, Twisted, coned)Length (12.7 to 63.5 mm)Diameter (0.4 to 1.05mm)Tensile Strength (1000 – 2500 N/mm²)Independent 3rd Party CE Certification (classifying fibres based on structural/ non-structural uses)Effect of Fibre ParametersThere are several ways in which one can quickly ascertain the performance of various fibre types. According to Shape, hooked end fibres have been time tested and have proved to be the most economical form of anchorage improving the fibre performance compared to straight fibres and of various other shapes. Also, collated or glued fibres have been specially developed to enable a homogenous fibre distribution in concrete and prevent balling of fibres while mixing with concrete.Another one of the most important performance parameters for fibres happens to be Aspect Ratio. Aspect ratio in a layman’s term is the ratio of Fibre Length to Diameter. As length of the fibre increases, the region covered by fibre in the concrete also increases. Similarly, with the reduction of fibre diameter, number of fibres per unit weight increases, thereby increasing network of wires per unit volume of concrete.This simply means that a higher aspect ratio has a larger network of fibres compared to lower aspect ratio fibres for the same level of performance. This in essence would also translate to lower dosages for higher aspect ratio fibres. The usual amount of steel Fibres ranges from 10 kg/m³ for higher aspect ratios (80), to 80 kg/m³ for lower aspect ratio (50). Thus, simply comparing a fibre dosage with another fibre dosage would not lead to the right conclusions as it would depend on number of variables. Conversely, performance for same quantity of different fibres would be different.Tensile strength of fibres also plays a major role in pinning the performance of SFRC. The strength should be large enough to undergo substantial yielding and not snap at the crack interface. More important then becomes the tolerance levels of fibre components as it is essential to guarantee the minimum tensile strength for each and every fibre strand to achieve the required performance.The dosage of fibres varies depending on the aspect ratio, tensile strength, anchorage etc. Please note that these are case specific results and presented for ease of understanding of the concept only.CE Certification of Conformity for fibres is to ensure that only the right kind of fibres with declared properties are used for structural applications. The process of CE certification puts the fibres through rigorous 3rd party performance checks. Only those fibres which carry a CE Label of Mark 1 System are allowed to be used for any kind of structural applications where fibres contribute directly towards the moment or shear carrying capacity of a concrete section.Practical aspects of SFRCOne of the basic concerns in SFRC is to introduce sufficient volume of fibres to be uniformly dispersed to achieve the desired improvements in mechanical behaviour, while retaining sufficient workability in the fresh mix to permit proper mixing, placing and finishing. Several procedures for proportioning SFRC mixes are available, which emphasize the workability of the resulting mix. Smaller dosages of Steel fibres in concrete usually do not entitle too many changes in the design mix as the workability of concrete is not severely affected by fibre addition. However, there are some considerations that are particular to SFRC. To improve the workability of higher fibre volume dosages, super-plasticizers are often used.Most commonly, when using a transit mixer or revolving drum mixer, the fibres should be added last to the wet concrete. The concrete alone, typically, should have a slump of 15-25 mm greater than the desired slump of the SFRC or 50-60 mm in case of SFRS.Uniform dispersion of fibres is critical for the structure to perform as designed. However, loose fibres tend to form lumps during mixing and have to be manually broken or eliminated from the mix. This often leads to a network of fibres lower than what is needed to guarantee the design performance. The use of collated/Glued fibres held together by a water-soluble component which dissolves during mixing largely eliminates this problem of clumping/Balling. This is a single most essential factor which differentiates the performance of loose fibres from the collated ones. The finishing operations with SFRC are essentially the same as for ordinary concrete, though perhaps more care must be taken regarding workmanship.Concluding remarks on SFRCSteel fibres have been in prevalence elsewhere in the world for over 4 decades in various applications. Consequently a lot of international guidelines exist which detail the testing and design aspects of SFRC structures. Sound performance, reduced construction time, simplified re-inforcement drawings, no stockyard, enhanced job safety and increased durability are only some main benefits of SFRC, which are mentioned in that context. At the same time it needs some special knowledge to understand, design and execute this special building material.ReferencesShah, S. P., and Rangan, B. V., “Fibre Reinforced Concrete Properties,” ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings, Vol. 68, No. 2, Feb. 1971, pp. 126-135Hoff, George C., “Use of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete in Bridge Decks and Pavements,” Steel Fibre Concrete, Elsevier Applied Sciences Publishers, Ltd., 1986, pp. 67-108.Ramakrishnan, V.; Coyle, W. V. ; Kopac, Peter A. ; and Pasko, Thomas J., Jr., “Performance Characteristics of Steel Fibre Reinforced Superplasticized Concrete,” Developments in the Use of Superplasticizers, SP-68, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1981, pp. 515-534.Johnston, C. D., “Steel Fibre Reinforced Mortar and Concrete—A review of Mechanical Properties,” Fibre Reinforced Concrete, SP-44, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1974, pp. 127-142.Deutscher Beton- und Bautechnik-Verein e.V.: DBV-Merkblatt „Stahlfaserbeton“. Fassung Oktober 2001Ganesh P. Chaudhari, Design Of Durable SFRC Industrial floor ACI Seminar 2008 , Rantagiri, indiaÖsterreichische Vereinigung für Beton- und Bautechnik “Richtlinie Faserbeton” Fassung Juli 2008DIN EN_14889-1: Fasern für Beton Teil 1: Stahlfasern – Begriffe, Festlegungen und KonformitätDie Bibliothek der Technik Band 136: “Stahlfaserbeton: Ein neuer Baustoff und seine Perspektiven”, [Hochttief/Bekaert]RILEM TC 162-TDF: “Test and design methods for steel fibre reinforced concrete Background and experiences-”, Chairlady L. Vandewalle, March 2003The Concrete Society: Technical Report No.63 “Guidance for the design of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete”, March 2007G.Vitt, Combined reinforcement – practical experiences, BEFIB 2008, 17-19 September 2008, ChennaiBekaert, brochure: Recommendations for handling, dosing and mixingsource:- Google