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CaaS (short for Container-as-a-Service) is a business model whereby cloud computing service providers offer container-based virtualization as a scalable online service. This allows users to use container services without having the necessary infrastructure. It is a marketing term that refers to established cloud service models such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS),and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) as inspiration.What are container services?A container service is provided by a cloud-computing provider and allows users to develop, test, execute, or distribute software in so-called application containers across IT infrastructures. Application containers are a concept from the Linux realm. The technology allows for virtualization at operating system level. Individual applications, including all dependencies (libraries, configurations files etc.) are executed as encapsulated instances. This enables the parallel operation of several applications with different requirements on the same operating system as well as deployment across different systems.CaaS typically refers to a complete container environment, including orchestration tools, an image catalog (also called the registry), cluster management software, and a set of developer tools and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). Billing is usually the rental model.Differentiating it from other cloud servicesSince the mid-2000s, companies and private users have been using cloud computing as an alternative to providing IT resources in their own premises. The three traditional service models are: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.IaaS: Infrastructure-as-a-Service provides virtual hardware resources such as computing power, storage space, and network capacity. IaaS vendors provide these basic IT infrastructure building blocks in the form of virtual machines (VM) or virtual local area networks (VLANs). Cloud users can access the internet using APIs. IaaS is the lowest level of the cloud computing model.PaaS: The middle tier of the cloud computing model is known as Platform-as-a-Service. Within the framework of PaaS, cloud providers provide programming platforms and development environments over the internet. As a rule, PaaS covers the entire life-cycle of the software (life-cycle management) from development, through testing, to delivery and operation. PaaS is based on IaaS.SaaS: The top level of the cloud computing model deals purely with applications. Software-as-a-Service involves providing application software over the internet. The provided programs run on this service model on the provider’s own server, rather than on the customer’s hardware. SaaS is based on IaaS and PaaS. Access can be made using the web browser or an agent software.The goal of taking a service-oriented approach to providing IT resources is to help users focus completely on their core business. A developer who uses PaaS to test applications, for example, just needs to load his own code into the cloud. All technical requirements for the build process, as well as managing and deploying the application, are provided by the PaaS platform provider.To follow the classic model of cloud computing, CaaS could be placed between IaaS and PaaS. However, of these service models, Container-as-a-Service is distinguished by a fundamentally different approach to virtualization: using container technology.CaaS also provides users with the complete management of a software application’s “life cycle”. Unlike IaaS and PaaS, providing virtualized resources is not based on the hyper-visor-based virtualization of separate VMs with their own operating system. Instead, the Linux kernels native functions are used, which allow for the isolation of individual processes within the same operating system. Container technology creates an abstract level, which encapsulates applications, including the file system, from the underlying system, thereby enabling operation on any platform which supports container technology. But what does that mean for the user exactly?Software developers who want to make use of a cloud-based development environment must rely on the technologies provided by the vendor, such as restricted programming languages or frameworks in the PaaS model. Container-as-a-Service, on the other hand, provides users with a relatively free programming platform, in which applications encapsulated in containers can be scaled over heterogeneous IT infrastructures, regardless of their technical requirements.How does CaaS work?Container-as-a-Service is a computer cluster that is available through the cloud and is used by users to upload, create, centrally manage, and run container-based applications on the cloud platform. The interaction with the cloud-based container environment takes place either through the graphical user interface (GUI) or in the form of API calls. The provider dictates what container technologies are available to users: However, the core of each CaaS platform is an orchestration tool (also known as orchestrator) that allows for the management of complex container architectures.Container applications that are used in productive environments usually consist of a cluster of several containers distributed over different physical and virtual systems – this is known as a multi-container application. Operating these applications requires massive effort and cannot be managed manually. Instead, you can use orchestration tools, which organize the interaction between executed containers and enable automated operation functions. The following functions are important:Distribution of containers across multiple hostsGrouping containers into logical unitsContainer scalingLoad balancingStorage capacity allocationCommunication interface between containersService discoveryWhich orchestrator is used within the CaaS framework has a direct influence on the functions made available to cloud service users. The market for container-based virtualization is currently dominated by three orchestration tools: Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, and Mesosphere DC/OS.Docker Swarm:Swarm is an open source cluster management and orchestration tool designed by Docker as a native tool for managing Docker clusters and container operations. The orchestrator is the foundation for Docker’s On-Premises CaaS Product Docker Data-center (DDC), enabling enterprises to use a self-managed Container-as-a-Service environment at their own data center, as part of Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) Private Clouds (Docker Data-center on AWS/Azure). Docker’s self-development is known for its easy installation and handling, and is tightly integrated with the leader’s container run-time environment. The orchestration tool uses the standard Docker API, providing compatibility with other Docker tools that communicate using the Docker API. The administration of clusters and containers is done using classic Docker commands.Kubernetes: Kubernetes is an open source tool for automated provisioning, scaling, and administration of container applications on distributed IT infrastructures. The tool was originally developed by Google and is now under the auspices of the Cloud Native Computer Foundation (CNCF). In contrast to Swarm, Kubernetes does not just support Docker containers. Through a container run-time interface (CRI), the orchestrator interfaces with various OCI-compliant and hyper-visor-based container run-time environments, as well as competitors such as CoreOS’s. Compared to Docker Swarm, the installation and configuration of Kubernetes is significantly more complex.DC/OS: DC/OS (Data Center Operating System) is a further development of an open source cluster manager called Apache Mesos, which is provided my Mesosphere (a Silicon Valley startup) as an operating system for data centers under an open source license.A detailed description of the orchestration tools Swarm, Kubernetes, and DC/OS provides an overview of the most popular Docker tools.An overview of CaaS providersContainer technology is booming, making the range of CaaS services correspondingly large. Virtualization services at operating system level are found in almost all public cloud providers’ portfolios. Amazon, Microsoft, and Google – which are currently among the most influential players on the CaaS market – have expanded their cloud platforms with a Docker-based container solution over the last couple of years. At the beginning of 2018, IONOS also entered the CaaS business with its own cluster solution.We compare the following products:Google Container Engine (GKE)Amazon EC2 Container Service (ECS)Azure Container Service (ACS)NoteDocker is the most popular container platform on the market. The container format developed by Docker – a further development of the Linux container (LXC) – is widely used and supported by all CaaS providers.When choosing a CaaS service for use in enterprise, users should take the following questions into consideration:Which orchestration tools are available?Which file formats do container applications support?Is it possible to operate multi-container applications?How are the clusters managed when operating a container?What networks and storage functions are supported?Does the provider issue a private registry for container images?How well is the container run-time environment integrated with other cloud services?Which billing models are available?1&1 Container ClusterSince January 2018, IONOS has been offering the hosting product, Cluster-as-a-Service (Claas). IONOS Cluster hosting is directly available to customers via the IONOS cloud panel and combines the IONOS IaaS platform with the market-leading container technologies, Docker and Kubernetes.IONOS Cluster hosting only supports containers in Docker format.CLaaS is aimed at developers and IT operations and enables the provision, management, and scaling of container-based applications in Kubernetes clusters. The functional spectrum includes:Managed cloud nodes with dedicated server resourcesIndividual management of clustersFull access to application containersUser-defined orchestrationProfessional support when using and creating container clusters in the cloud panel via IONOS first level support.If you have any questions about Kubernetes or the installed solutions, the IONOS Cloud Community will help you.Cluster nodes are managed via the IONOS cloud panel. In order to orchestrate container applications, CLaaS relies on the orchestrator, Kubernetes. Users can manage Kubernetes using the command line tool kubectl, or the Kubernetes dashboard can be installed as a user interface. IONOS support cover the provision and management of the container cluster. Direct support for kubectl or the Kubernetes dashboard is not offered.Via the IONOS cloud panel, users have access to various third-party applications as one-click solutions. The portfolio includes the following software solutions.Pre-installed applicationFunction(s)Fabric8Continuous integrationPrometheusMonitoring for KubernetesHAProxyProxy, Load balancingSysdigDocker monitoring, alerting, error managementLinkerdService identification, routing, error managementAutoscalerHorizontal scalingEFK (Elastic Fluentd Kibana)LoggingHelmPackage manager for KubernetesNetsilMonitoringCalicoVirtual networking & network securityTwistlockContainer security suiteGitLabContinuous IntegrationGitLab EnterpriseContinuous IntegrationIstioData traffic management & access controlKubelessAuto-scale, API routing, monitoring, & error managementThe DockerHub online service can be integrated as a registry for Docker images.To set up a dedicated container cluster, users select at least 3 virtual machines from the IONOS IaaS platform and use them as master or worker nodes if desired.The master node is responsible for the control, load distribution, and coordination of the container cluster. Container applications are executed in so-called pods on the worker nodes. If required, containers can also be started directly on the master node.Cluster nodes for container hosting are available in six price categories with different features: M, L, XL, XXL, 3XL, and 4XL. The range extends from small cluster nodes with a processor core, 2 GB RAM and 50 GB SSD memory to professional machines with 12 processor cores, 32 GB RAM, and 360 GB SSD memory. A Linux system runs on all nodes.Users only pay for the resources that they use. The operation of the containers and the use of one-click solutions (with the exception of autoscalers) do not incur any further costs. The selected configuration is billed to the minute.NoteAutoscalers can only be installed when a new cluster is being created. If auto-scaling is enabled, Kubernetes automatically adds a new node to the cluster if the available resources are not sufficient for the planned operation. There are additional costs for using the nodes added by the autoscaler, which are also billed to the minute.IONOS CLaaS at a glanceGeneral availabilityJanuary 2018OrchestrationKubernetesContainer management platformCluster management via IONOS cloud panelContainer management via Kubernetes dashboard or SSH (KubeCTL)Container formatDocker containerNetwork functionsNetworking auf Basis von KubernetesIntegration with external storage systemKubernetes cloud backupRegistryDocker hubIntegration with other cloud services from the provider (selection)IONOS ClaaS is fully integrated in the IONOS IaaS platform.PriceUsers of the IONOS container cluster only pay for the provision of the cluster nodes. Container clusters comprise a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 99 VMs.AdvantagesDisadvantages✔ Full Kubernetes compatibility✘ No software support for kubectl and Kubernetes✔ Container operation in private, public, and hybrid cloud environments possible✔ High portability through the use of standard solutions (Docker, Kubernetes)✔ Wide range of pre-installed third-party solutionsAmazon EC2 Container Service (ECS)Since April 2015, the online retailer Amazon has been providing solutions for container-based virtualization under the name Amazon EC2 Container Service, as part of the framework of the cloud computing platform AWS (Amazon Web Service).Amazon ECS provides users with various interfaces that enable isolated applications in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in Docker containers. The CaaS service is technically based on the following cloud resources:Amazon-EC2-Instances (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Instances): Amazon EC2 is the scalable computing capacity of the Amazon cloud computing service, which is leased in the form of so-called “Instances.”Amazon S3 (Amazon Simple Storage): Amazon S3is a cloud-based object storage platform.Amazon EBS (Amazon Elastic Block Store): Amazon EBS provides high-availability block storage volumes for EC2 Instances.Amazon RDS (Amazon Relational Database Service): Amazon RDS is a database service for managing the relational database engines Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.ECS only supports containers in Docker format.Container management is handled by ECS by default using a proprietary orchestrator, which acts as a master and communicates with an agent on each node of the cluster that needs managing. Alternatively, an open source module is offered with Blox, which makes it possible to connect self-developed schedulers, as well as third-party tools such as Mesos in ECS.One of the strengths of the Amazon EC2 Container Service is its integration with other Amazon services, such as:AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM): AWS Identity and Access Management allows you to define user roles and groups, and to manage access to AWS resources by means of authorizations.Elastic Load Balancing: Elastic Load Balancing is a cloud-load balancer that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple EC2 instances.AWS CloudTrail: AWS CloudTrail is a service that records all user activity and API calls within a cluster. This allows users to understand and analyze their processes as part of resource management and security analysis.Amazon CloudWatch: CloudWatch is Amazon’s service for monitoring cloud resources and applications. It is also available to AWS users to operate application containers.AWS CloudFormation: CloudFormation provides Amazon AWS users with a service that can be used to define templates for deploying AWS resources. It can be described as a container service in the form of a reusable JSON template. This includes the blueprint of the application, including the instances and storage capacities required for execution, as well as their interactions with other AWS services.Amazon provides AWS users with private Docker repositories as part of the EC2 Container Registry (ECR) to carry out a central administration of their container images. Access to the registry can be managed using AWS IAM at resource level.One disadvantage of the Amazon EC2 container service is that it restricts EC2 instances. Amazon’s CaaS service does not provide support for IT infrastructures outside of AWS – neither physically, nor virtually. Hybrid cloud scenarios, whereby multiple container applications are sometimes operated on the premises, are therefore just as impossible to run as a combination of the IT resources of different public cloud providers (multi-cloud). This is probably due to Amazon’s business model for the CaaS service: it is essentially free of charge through AWS. Users only pay for the provision of the cloud infrastructure, like a cluster of EC2 instances, which form the basis for operating container applications.The Amazon EC2 container service at a glanceAvailable to the general publicApril 2015OrchestrationProprietary orchestration toolSelf-developed schedulers and third-party tools can be integrated using BloxManagement of the container platformECS-GUI and CLIContainer formatDocker containerWindows containers are only supported with beta status (deployment on productive systems is not recommended)Network functionsOverlay networking with lib-network is not supportedIntegrating external storage systemsSupports Docker Volume (with limited drivers)RegistryDocker Registry and Amazon EC2 Container RegistryIntegrating with other cloud services (a choice of-)AWS IAMElastic Load BalancingAWS CloudTrailAmazon CloudWatchAWS CloudFormationPriceECS is a free service – users only pay to use the underlying cloud platform AWS’s resourcesAdvantagesDisadvantages✔ Complete integration with other AWS products✘ Container deployment is restricted to Amazon EC2 instances✘ Proprietary orchestrator: Common open source tools like Kubernetes are not supportedGoogle Container Engine (GKE)Google has also integrated a hosted container service with the Google Container Engine (GKE) into the cloud. The core component of the CaaS service is the orchestration tools Kubernetes.GKE relies on Google Compute Engine (GCE) resources and allows users to run container-based applications on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) clusters. However, users who have GKE are not just limited to the Google Cloud infrastructure: Kubernetes’ cluster federation system makes it possible to combine different computer cluster resources into a logical computing federation and, if necessary, create hybrid, multi-cloud environments.Every cluster created with the GKE consists of a Kubernetes master endpoint which the Kubernetes API server runs on, and any number of worker nodes that service REST requests to the API servers, which support Docker containers.While the master node monitors how resources are used and the cluster’s status, the contained applications are run on the worker node. If a worker node fails, the master distributes the tasks required for the application’s operation to other nodes.GKE also supports the widely used Docker container format. To provide Docker images, users have a private container registry. A JSON-based syntax offers the option to define container services as templates.Integration Kubernetes into GKE provides users with the following functions for orchestrating container applications:Automatic binpacking: Kubernetes automatically situates containers based on resource requirements and constraints so that the cluster is always optimally loaded. This prevents the availability of container applications from being compromised.Health checks with auto-repair: Kubernetes ensures that all accounts and containers work properly by running automatic health checks. Nodes or containers that do not respond are terminated and replaced by new ones.Horizontal scaling: With Kubernetes, applications can be scaled up or down as required, either manually or using the command line on the graphic user interface, or automatically on the basis of CPU utilization.Service discovery and load-balancing: Kubernetes offers two modes for service discovery: services can be detected using environment variables and DNS records. Load balancing between different containers can be done using the IP address and DNS names.Storage orchestration: Kubernetes permits automatic storage on various storage systems – whether it is local storage, public cloud storage (via GCP or AWS), or network storage systems such as NFS, iSCSI, Gluster, Ceph or Flocker.Similar to ECS in AWS, GKE is directly integrated into the Google Cloud platform so that container users have access to various features of the public cloud, in addition to the orchestration function range:Identity and Access Management: GKE’s IAM is implemented using Google Accounts and supports other role-based authorities.Stackdriver Monitoring: Google’s monitoring tool informs users about the performance, operating time, and state of cloud operations. To do this, Stackdriver collects monitoring metrics, events, and metadata, and prepares them in the form of a clear dashboard. As a data source, the tool supports the Google Cloud Platform, Amazon Web Services, and various applications, such as Cassandra, Nginx, Apache HTTP Server, and Elasticsearch.Stackdriver Logging: Google‘s logging tool allows users to store, monitor, and analyze log data and events. Stackdriver Logging supports the Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services.Container Builder: Through Container Builder, Google provides a tool for creating Docker images directly in the cloud. The application source code must first be loaded into Google Cloud Storage.Google and Amazon have different plans in terms of pricing their CaaS services. A container management for clusters with up to five computer engine instances (nodes) is available to users free of charge. There are only costs for providing cloud services (CPU, memory etc.). If users want to run containers on larger clusters (six or more instances), Google also charges a usage fee for the container engine: pricing is per hour for a cluster.Google Container Engine at a glanceGeneral availabilityAugust 2015OrchestrationKubernetesContainer platform managementCluster management via Google CloudContainer management via Kubernetes UIContainer formatDocker containerNetwork functionalityNetworking based on KubernetesIntegration with external storage systemsKubernetes Persistent VolumeRegistryDocker Registry and Google Container RegistryIntegration with other cloud services from the provider (selected)Cloud IAMStackdriver MonitoringStackdriver LoggingContainer BuilderCostsContainer operation via GKE on standard clusters with up to five nodes: free of chargeContainer operation via GKE on standard clusters with six or more nodes: flat-rate billing per cluster per hourAdvantagesDisadvantages✔ Complete integration with other Google products✘ In terms of clusters with 6 nodes or more, Google charges a usage fee for the container engine in addition to the costs for arithmetic operations✔ Container deployment on hybrid and multi-clouds possibleMicrosoft Azure Container Service (ACS)Azure Container Service (ACS) is a hosting environment primed for Microsoft’s cloud computing platform Azure, which allows users to develop container-based applications and deploy them in scalable computer clusters. ACS relies on an Azure-optimized version of source-loaded container tools, and enables the operation of Linux containers in Docker format. Windows containers are currently only supported in a preview version.The core component of the CaaS service from Microsoft is the Azure Container Engine, whose source code is available under the Open Source License on Github. The Azure Container Engine acts as a template generator that creates templates for the Azure Resource Manager (ARM). These can be managed using an API with one of the following orchestration tools: Docker Swarm, DC / OS and Kubernetes (since February 2017).The choice of orchestrator depends primarily on the features available to ACS users when operating containment applications in the Azure cloud.Mesosphere’s DC/OS Cluster Manager is part of the Azure Container Service, and needs to be combined with the orchestration platform Marathon to be used. This kind of structure provides users with the following functional spectrum:Web-based user interface: Administrating container clusters is done using Marathon’s web-based user interface orchestration.High availability: Marathon is run as an active/passive cluster. For each active node, a fully redundant passive node is provided, which can take over the tasks of a failed node should one appear.Service discovery and load balancing: DC/OS uses Marathon LB to provide a HAproxy-based load balancer and uses Mesos DNS, a DSN service-based discovery tool.Health checks: The status of an application can be queried through Marathon via http or TCP. Monitoring functions are available through a REST API, the command line or the web-based user interface.Metrics: Marathon provides detailed JSON-based metrics through an API, which can be accessed using monitoring tools such as Graphite, statsD, or Datadog.Notification service: Those using DC/OS with Marathon in the Azure cloud have the option to reserve an HTTP endpoint for event-related notifications.Application groups: On request, containers can be grouped into so-called “pods,” which can be managed as self-contained units.Rule-based deployment: Restrictions allow you to define precisely where and how applications are distributed into the cluster.In the Docker-Swarm version, ACS relies on the Docker stack, using the same open source technologies as the Dockers Universal Control Place (a basic component of the Docker Data-center). Implemented in the Azure Container Service, Docker Swarm provides the following functionality for scaling and orchestrating container applications:Docker Compose: Docker’s solution for multi-container applications allows multiple containers to be linked together and centrally managed with a single command. Any number of containers, including all dependencies, are outlined in a control file based on the award language YAML.Control via the command line: The Docker CLI (command line interface) and the multi-container tool Docker Compose enable the direct administration of container clusters via the command line.REST API: The Docker Remote API provides access to various third-party Docker ecosystem tools.Rule-based Deployment: The distribution of Docker containers in the cluster can be managed using labels and restrictions.Service Discovery: Docker Swarm offers users a diverse range of service discovery functions.Since February 2017, ACS users have also been able to access the orchestrator Kubernetes to automate administrating container applications, as well as deploying and scaling Azure clusters. Thanks to an implementation by ACS, Kubernetes provides all basic functions listed in the Google Container Engine section.ACS is also integrated directly into the Azure cloud service:Azure Portal and Azure CLI 2.0: Users configure container clusters using the Azure portal – the central user interface for the cloud platform – or the command line interface Azure CLI 2.0.Azure Container Registry: The Azure Container Registry also provides Microsoft users with a private repository to deploy Docker images.Operations Management Suite (OMS): Monitoring and logging options for container services are provided by Microsoft Operations Management Suite (OMS).Azure Stack: Azure Stack can be used to help create a container operation in hybrid cloud environments.Additionally, Microsoft has extended the ACS to include CI/CD (continuous integration and deployment) capabilities for multi-container applications, designed with Visual Studio Team Services, or the open source tool Visual Studio Code.Identity and access management are controlled by Active Directory, whose basic functions are available free of charge to users up to a limit of 500,000 directory objects. Similar to Amazon ECS, the Azure Container Service does not incur any costs for using the container tools. Fees are only charged for using the infrastructure.An overview of the Microsoft Azure Container ServiceGeneral availabilityApril 2016OrchestrationOpen source tools available to choose from:- Mesosphere DC/OS- Docker Swarm- Kubernetes (from February 2017)Container platform managementCluster management possible through Azure Portal or Azure CLI 2.0Container management possible via the native interface of selected orchestrators:- Marathon UI- Docker CLI- Kubernetes UIContainer formatDocker containerWindows containers are supported in a preview versionNetwork functionsOverlay networking via libnetwork and Container Network Model (CNM)Integration with external storage systemsDocker volume driver via Azure File StorageRegistryDocker Registry and Azure Container RegistryIntegration with other cloud servicesAzure PortalAzure Resource Manager (ARM)Azure Active DirectoryAzure StackMicrosoft Operations Management Suite (OMS)PriceACS is free to use – users only pay for Azure’s underlying resourcesAdvantagesDisadvantages✔ ACS is fully integrated with the Azure platform✘ Has not been on the market as long as competitors✔ ACS supports all standard orchestration tools: Docker Swarm, Kubernetes and DC/OS (Marathon)✔Container operation in hybrid cloud environments is possible via the Azure StackContainer-as-a-Service: A comparison of suppliersTo be able to compare the aforementioned CaaS providers, we have compared them in the following table with the usual selection criteria that users have:Selection criteriaAmazon EC2 Container Service (ECS)Google Container Engine (GKE)Microsoft Azure Container Service (ACS)IONOS Container ClusterGeneral availability (GA)April 2015August 2015April 2016January 2018Technical basis (calculation capacity)EC2 InstancesGoogle Compute Engine (GCE) nodes and clustersVirtual machines and scaling grounds for virtual machinesVirtual machines of the IONOS IaaS platformObject storageAmazon S3 (simple storage service)Google Cloud StorageBlob StorageNoneStandard tool for orchestrationProprietary administration toolKubernetesOpen source tools:- Mesosphere DC/OS- Docker Swarm- KubernetesKubernetesContainer platform managementECS-GUI and CLICluster management via Google CloudContainer management via Kubernetes dashboardCluster management via AzureContainer management via Docker toolsVia IONOS cloud panelContainer format for productive systemsDocker containerDocker containerDocker containerDocker containerNetwork functionsOverlay networking via libnetwork are not supportedNetworking with KubernetesOverlay networking via libnetwork and Container Network Model (CNM)Networking based on KubernetesIntegration with external storage systemsDocker volume support (with limited drivers)Kubernetes Persistent VolumeDocker Volume Driver via Azure File StorageKubernetes cloud backupRegistryDocker RegistryAmazon EC2 Container RegistryDocker RegistryGoogle Container RegistryDocker RegistryAzure Container RegistryDocker RegistryIdentity and access managementYesYesYesNoHybrid cloud supportNoYesYesYesLogging and monitoringYesYesYesYesAutomatic scalingYesYesYesYesIntegration with other cloud services:Elastic Load BalancingElastic Block StoreVirtual Private CloudAWS IAMAWS CloudTrailAWS CloudFormationCloud IAMStackdriver MonitoringStackdriver LoggingContainer BuilderAzure-PortalAzure Resource Manager (ARM)Azure Active DirectoryAzure StackMicrosoft Operations Management Suite (OMS)Integration in the IONOS IaaS platform. Central management via the IONOS cloud panelPriceECS is a free service – users only pay for the cloud platform AWS’s resourcesContainer operation on standard clusters with up to five nodes: free of chargeContainer operation on standard clusters with six or more nodes: standard billing per cluster per hourACS is free to use –users only pay for the cloud platform Azure’s resourcesOperating containers is free of charge. IONOS Container Cluster users only pay for the resources used on the underlying IONOS cloud platformCaaS vs. on-premises optionsAs an alternative to CaaS, you can keep your container tools on-site, i.e. on the premises. Both options have advantages and disadvantages.Those who are against cloud computing services usually cite security concerns. Indeed, companies with a container environment in their own data center have the greatest possible control over their information. This includes maximum flexibility when selecting hardware and software components (underlying servers, run-time environment, operating systems, and management tools), as well as the certainty that all data is processed and stored exclusively within the company.However, having this decision-making freedom means you need far more employees and will incur greater costs in the provision and maintenance of the container environment. Costly installations in data centers often require high investments. Whether these will be profitable in the long run can be uncertain. A cloud-based container environment on the other hand, makes it possible to provide new applications and software functions quickly and cost-effectively. Within the framework of CaaS, users only pay for the services that they actually use. Advance payments are unnecessary. This is particularly true for smaller companies, startups, and the self-employed, who need to be able to achieve their projects with manageable budgets.Like other cloud services, CaaS allows for outsourcing your IT infrastructure to specialized service providers, who ensure that the technical foundations are always up-to-date and work flawlessly. Together with the billing model based on use, CaaS is aimed at companies with a high development and innovation pace. Companies opting for an on-premises solution forgo the flexibility and scalability that cloud providers offer their customers.In addition, it is not always the case that data in a data center is safer than data in the cloud. For small and medium-sized enterprises, it is usually impossible to provide an IT infrastructure that can compete with established public cloud providers’ data centers in terms of availability, data security, and compliance.Advantages and disadvantages of the CaaS modelAdvantagesDisadvantages✔ Requires little effort for installation, configuration, and operation✘ Depending on the provider, there are restrictions on available technologies✔ Maintenance of the technical basis is undertaken by the hosting provider✘ Outsourcing business data to the cloud is risky✔ Usage-related billing✔ Scope of delivery is scalable✔ Short-term load peaks are fieldedAdvantages and disadvantages of self-hosted container platformsAdvantagesDisadvantages✔ Complete control over technical design✘ High investment costs✔ All data remains in the company✘ High installation, configuration, and maintenance costs✘ Requires a basic understanding of underlying container technologies, hardware, and administrationSource: https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/caas-container-as-a-service-service-comparison/

Source: https://aws.amazon.com[  {  "label": "Alexa for Business",  "description": "Empower your organization with Alexa; access the tools you need to manage Alexa devices, skills, and users, and an API to build custom skills.",  "caption": "Alexa for Business Provides Tools to Manage Alexa in Your Organization"  },  {  "label": "ACM Private CA",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "Certificate Manager",  "description": "AWS Certificate Manager lets you easily provision, manage, and deploy Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services.",  "caption": "Provision, Manage, and Deploy SSL/TLS Certificates"  },  {  "label": "Amazon MQ",  "description": "Amazon MQ is a managed message broker service for Apache ActiveMQ that makes it easy to set up and operate message brokers in the cloud.",  "caption": "Managed message broker service for Apache ActiveMQ"  },  {  "label": null,  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "AWS Amplify",  "description": "AWS Amplify is a complete platform for mobile and web app development that scales with your business. Sophisticated cloud-powered features made easy. No servers to manage.",  "caption": "AWS Amplify is a complete platform—frameworks & tools and app services—for developing, building, testing, and running mobile and web apps"  },  {  "label": "API Gateway",  "description": "Amazon API Gateway makes it easy to create, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale.",  "caption": "Build, Deploy and Manage APIs"  },  {  "label": "AppStream 2.0",  "description": "Amazon AppStream 2.0 allows you to stream desktop applications securely to any web browser.",  "caption": "Stream desktop applications securely to any web browser"  },  {  "label": "AWS AppSync",  "description": "Real-time data sync using GraphQL for mobile & web apps, available online and offline. Share data across devices and users.",  "caption": "Real-Time Data Sync Using GraphQL for Mobile & Web Apps, Online or Offline"  },  {  "label": "Artifact",  "description": "Access AWS compliance reports on-demand with AWS Artifact.",  "caption": "AWS Compliance Reports and Agreements"  },  {  "label": "Athena",  "description": "Amazon Athena is an interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3, using standard SQL.",  "caption": "Query Data in S3 using SQL"  },  {  "label": "AWS Auto Scaling",  "description": "AWS Auto Scaling maintains steady application performance by automating the scaling of multiple application resources for your applications.",  "caption": "AWS Auto Scaling enables you to quickly scale your entire application on AWS"  },  {  "label": "AWS Backup",  "description": "AWS Backup is a fully managed backup service that makes it easy to centralize and automate the back up of data across AWS services in the cloud as well as on-premises.",  "caption": "AWS Backup centrally manages and automates backups across AWS services"  },  {  "label": "Batch",  "description": "AWS Batch enables developers, scientists, and engineers to easily and efficiently run hundreds of thousands of batch computing jobs on AWS.",  "caption": "Run Batch Jobs at Any Scale"  },  {  "label": "Billing",  "description": "Access, analyze, and control your AWS costs and usage.",  "caption": "Access, analyze, and control your AWS costs and usage."  },  {  "label": "AWS Budgets",  "description": "AWS Budgets lets you set custom cost and usage budgets that alert you when you exceed your budgeted thresholds.",  "caption": "Set Custom Budgets and Receive Alerts"  },  {  "label": "Service Catalog",  "description": "AWS Service Catalog allows organizations to manage approved catalogs of IT resources and make them available to employees via a personalized portal.",  "caption": "Create and Use Standardized Products"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Chime",  "description": "Amazon Chime is a communications service that transforms online meetings and video conferencing, making them easier and more secure.",  "caption": "Amazon Chime is a communications service that transforms online meetings"  },  {  "label": "Cloud9",  "description": "A cloud IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for writing, running, and debugging code.",  "caption": "A Cloud IDE for Writing, Running, and Debugging Code"  },  {  "label": "CloudFormation",  "description": "AWS CloudFormation lets you create and update a collection of related AWS resources in a predictable fashion.",  "caption": "Create and Manage Resources with Templates"  },  {  "label": "CloudFront",  "description": "Amazon CloudFront provides a way to distribute content to end users with low latency and high data transfer speeds.",  "caption": "Global Content Delivery Network"  },  {  "label": "CloudHSM",  "description": "CloudHSM provides fully-managed FIPS 140-2 Level 3 Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) in the cloud to create, store, manage, and use the cryptographic keys used to protect sensitive data.",  "caption": "Managed Hardware Security Modules in the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "AWS Cloud Map",  "description": "Define friendly names for your cloud resources so that your applications can quickly and dynamically discover them.",  "caption": "Build a dynamic map of your cloud"  },  {  "label": "CloudSearch",  "description": "AWS CloudSearch is a fully managed search service for websites and apps.",  "caption": "Managed Search Service"  },  {  "label": "CloudTrail",  "description": "AWS CloudTrail provides increased visibility into user activity by recording API calls made on your account.",  "caption": "Track User Activity and API Usage"  },  {  "label": "CloudWatch Application Insights",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "CloudWatch",  "description": "Amazon CloudWatch provides monitoring and metrics for resources and applications.",  "caption": "Monitor Resources and Applications"  },  {  "label": "CodeBuild",  "description": "AWS CodeBuild is a build service that compiles source code and runs unit tests.",  "caption": "Build and Test Code"  },  {  "label": "CodeCommit",  "description": "AWS CodeCommit is a highly scalable, managed source control service that hosts private Git repositories.",  "caption": "Store Code in Private Git Repositories"  },  {  "label": "CodeDeploy",  "description": "AWS CodeDeploy lets you fully automate code deployments.",  "caption": "Automate Code Deployments"  },  {  "label": "CodePipeline",  "description": "AWS CodePipeline is a continuous delivery service that enables you to model, visualize, and automate the steps required to release your software.",  "caption": "Release Software using Continuous Delivery"  },  {  "label": "CodeStar",  "description": "Everything you need to quickly develop, build, and deploy applications.",  "caption": "Quickly develop, build, and deploy applications"  },  {  "label": "AWS Developer Tools",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "Cognito",  "description": "Amazon Cognito is a simple user identity and data synchronization service that helps you securely manage and synchronize app data for your users across their mobile devices.",  "caption": "User Identity and App Data Synchronization"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Comprehend",  "description": "Amazon Comprehend is a new service that allows AWS customers to analyze their unstructured text data by using Natural Language Processing (NLP). Customers can perform tasks like language detection (capable of detecting up to 100 languages), identify entities such as person, place and product (entity recognition), analyze if the sentiment is positive, negative or neutral (sentiment analysis), extract Keyphrases and extract topics from a corpus of documents.",  "caption": "Analyze Unstructured Text"  },  {  "label": "Config",  "description": "AWS Config gives you inventory of your AWS resources, lets you audit resource configuration history, and notifies you when resource configurations change.",  "caption": "Track Resource Inventory and Changes"  },  {  "label": "Config Rules",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "Amazon Connect",  "description": "Amazon Connect is a self-service, scalable, cloud-based contact center solution that enables dynamic, personal, and natural customer engagement.",  "caption": "Amazon Connect is a contact center that enables engagement at any scale."  },  {  "label": "Console Home",  "description": "The default landing page for the AWS Management Console",  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "Control Tower",  "description": "AWS Control Tower provides you with a single location to set up a well architected multi-account environment to govern your AWS workloads with rules for security, operations, and compliance.",  "caption": "The easiest way to set up and govern a secure, compliant multi-account environment"  },  {  "label": "AWS Cost Explorer",  "description": "AWS Cost Explorer lets you dive deeper into your cost and usage data to identify trends, pinpoint cost drivers, and detect anomalies.",  "caption": "Visualize and Explore Your AWS Costs and Usage"  },  {  "label": "Data Pipeline",  "description": "AWS Data Pipeline is a lightweight orchestration service for periodic, data-driven workflows.",  "caption": "Orchestration for Data-Driven Workflows"  },  {  "label": "DataSync",  "description": "DataSync simplifies, automates, and accelerates moving and replicating data between on-premises storage and AWS services over the network.",  "caption": "DataSync simplifies, automates, and accelerates moving data"  },  {  "label": "AWS DeepLens",  "description": "Grow machine learning skills through hands-on computer vision tutorials and pre-built models.",  "caption": "Deep Learning Enabled Video Camera"  },  {  "label": "AWS DeepRacer",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "IoT Device Defender",  "description": "AWS IoT is a managed cloud service that lets connected devices easily and securely interact with cloud applications and other devices.",  "caption": "Connect Devices to the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "Device Farm",  "description": "AWS Device Farm helps you improve the quality of your Android, iOS and web apps through automated and manual testing on real devices in the AWS Cloud.",  "caption": "Test Android, iOS, and Web Apps on Real Devices in the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "Direct Connect",  "description": "AWS Direct Connect lets you establish a dedicated network connection from your network to AWS.",  "caption": "Dedicated Network Connection to AWS"  },  {  "label": "Direct Connect",  "description": "AWS Direct Connect lets you establish a dedicated network connection from your network to AWS.",  "caption": "Dedicated Network Connection to AWS"  },  {  "label": "Directory Service",  "description": "AWS Directory Service provides managed directories in the cloud.",  "caption": "Host and Manage Active Directory"  },  {  "label": "Application Discovery Service",  "description": "AWS Application Discovery Service simplifies application migration planning by automatically identifying applications inventory and their associated dependencies.",  "caption": "Discover on-premises application inventory and dependencies"  },  {  "label": "Database Migration Service",  "description": "AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) helps you migrate databases to the cloud easily and securely while minimizing downtime.",  "caption": "Managed Database Migration Service"  },  {  "label": "Amazon DocumentDB",  "description": "Fast, reliable, and fully-managed MongoDB-compatible database service.",  "caption": "Fully-managed MongoDB-compatible database service"  },  {  "label": "DynamoDB",  "description": "Amazon DynamoDB is a scalable NoSQL data store that manages distributed replicas of your data for high availability.",  "caption": "Managed NoSQL Database"  },  {  "label": "EC2",  "description": "Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides resizable compute capacity through virtual machines (VM's or instances) in the cloud.",  "caption": "Virtual Servers in the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "EC2 Spot",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "EC2 Spot",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "ECR",  "description": "Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) is a fully-managed Docker container registry that makes it easy for developers to store, manage, and deploy Docker container images.",  "caption": "Fully-managed Docker container registry"  },  {  "label": "ECS",  "description": "Amazon ECS allows you to easily run and manage Docker containers across a cluster of Amazon EC2 instances.",  "caption": "Run and Manage Docker Containers"  },  {  "label": "EFS",  "description": "Amazon EFS stores and retrieves file data for Amazon EC2 instances.",  "caption": "Managed File Storage for EC2"  },  {  "label": "EKS",  "description": "Amazon EKS makes it easy to run containers with Kubernetes on AWS by provisioning and managing the Kubernetes control plane for you.",  "caption": "Managed Kubernetes on AWS"  },  {  "label": "ElastiCache",  "description": "Amazon ElastiCache improves application performance by allowing you to retrieve information from an in-memory caching system.",  "caption": "In-Memory Cache"  },  {  "label": "Elastic Beanstalk",  "description": "AWS Elastic Beanstalk is an application container for deploying and managing applications.",  "caption": "Run and Manage Web Apps"  },  {  "label": "EMR",  "description": "Amazon Elastic MapReduce lets you perform big data tasks such as web indexing, data mining, and log file analysis.",  "caption": "Managed Hadoop Framework"  },  {  "label": "Elastic Transcoder",  "description": "Amazon Elastic Transcoder lets you convert your media files in the cloud easily, at low cost, and at scale.",  "caption": "Easy-to-Use Scalable Media Transcoding"  },  {  "label": "Elasticsearch Service",  "description": "Amazon Elasticsearch Service is a managed service that makes it easy to deploy, operate, and scale Elasticsearch, a popular open-source search and analytics engine.",  "caption": "Run and Scale Elasticsearch Clusters"  },  {  "label": "Kinesis Firehose",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "Amazon Forecast",  "description": "Amazon Forecast is a fully-managed time series forecasting service built on deep learning technology that can improve accuracy by up to 50% compared to traditional forecasting techniques.",  "caption": "Amazon Forecast is a fully-managed service for accurate time-series forecasting"  },  {  "label": "Amazon FreeRTOS",  "description": "Amazon FreeRTOS is an operating system for microcontrollers that makes it easy to securely connect IoT devices locally or to the cloud.",  "caption": "Amazon FreeRTOS is an IoT Operating System for Microcontrollers"  },  {  "label": "FSx",  "description": "Amazon FSx provides fully-managed third-party file systems optimized for a variety of enterprise and compute-intensive workloads.",  "caption": "Fully managed third-party file systems optimized for a variety of workloads"  },  {  "label": "Amazon GameLift",  "description": "Deploy and scale session-based multiplayer games in the cloud in minutes, with no upfront costs.",  "caption": "Deploy and Scale Session-based Multiplayer Games"  },  {  "label": "S3 Glacier",  "description": "Amazon Glacier is a low-cost storage service that provides secure and durable storage for data archiving and backup.",  "caption": "Archive Storage in the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "Global Accelerator",  "description": "Ubiquity is a traffic manager that helps you improve the availability and performance of your internet applications for your global customers",  "caption": "Improve your application’s availability and performance using the AWS Global Network"  },  {  "label": "AWS Glue",  "description": "AWS Glue is a fully managed ETL (extract, transform, and load) service that makes it simple and cost-effective to categorize your data, clean it, enrich it and move it reliably between various data stores.",  "caption": "AWS Glue is a fully managed ETL (extract, transform, and load) service"  },  {  "label": "IoT Greengrass",  "description": "AWS Greengrass extends AWS onto your devices, so they can act locally on the data they generate, while still taking advantage of the cloud.",  "caption": "Deploy and run code on your devices"  },  {  "label": "Ground Station",  "description": "AWS Ground Station makes it easy to downlink data and command and control satellites using fully managed, self-service ground station antennas.",  "caption": "Communicate with satellites"  },  {  "label": "GuardDuty",  "description": "Managed threat detection service to continuously monitor and protect your AWS accounts and the applications and services running within them.",  "caption": "Intelligent Threat Detection to Protect Your AWS Accounts and Workloads"  },  {  "label": "IAM",  "description": "AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) lets you securely control access to AWS services and resources.",  "caption": "Manage User Access and Encryption Keys"  },  {  "label": "Snowball",  "description": "AWS Snowball accelerates moving large amounts of data into and out of AWS using secure appliances for transport.",  "caption": "Large Scale Data Transport"  },  {  "label": "Inspector",  "description": "Amazon Inspector enables you to analyze the behavior of the applications you run in AWS and helps you to identify potential security issues.",  "caption": "Analyze Application Security"  },  {  "label": "IoT Core",  "description": "AWS IoT is a managed cloud service that lets connected devices easily and securely interact with cloud applications and other devices.",  "caption": "Connect Devices to the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "IoT Core",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "IoT 1-Click",  "description": "AWS IoT 1-Click supported devices trigger AWS Lambda functions to execute an action, provide built-in secure connectivity, and can be easily managed.",  "caption": "Trigger AWS Lambda functions from simple devices"  },  {  "label": "IoT Analytics",  "description": "AWS IoT Analytics lets you collect, process, store, analyze and visualize data of IoT devices at scale to gain actionable insights.",  "caption": "Collect, preprocess, store, analyze and visualize data of IoT devices"  },  {  "label": "IoT Device Management",  "description": "AWS IoT Device Management lets you securely onboard, organize, monitor, and remotely manage your IoT devices at scale.",  "caption": "Securely Manage Fleets as Small as One Device, or as Broad as Millions of Devices"  },  {  "label": "IoT Events",  "description": "Monitor device fleets, identify issues across multiple sensors, and take appropriate action when events are detected before loss or waste occurs",  "caption": "Monitor device fleets for changes and trigger alerts to respond"  },  {  "label": "IoT SiteWise",  "description": "AWS IoT SiteWise is a digital transformation service that makes it easy and cost effective to put operators in charge of the data they use most.",  "caption": "Data driven decisions in Industrial operations"  },  {  "label": "Kinesis",  "description": "Amazon Kinesis services make it easy to work with real-time streaming data in the AWS cloud.",  "caption": "Work with Real-Time Streaming Data"  },  {  "label": "Kinesis Analytics",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "Kinesis Video Streams",  "description": "Capture, process, and store video streams for analytics and machine learning.",  "caption": "Capture, Process, and Store Video Streams for Analytics and Machine Learning"  },  {  "label": "Key Management Service",  "description": "Centralized Generation and Management of Encryption Keys to Control Access to Stored Data Across AWS.",  "caption": "Securely Generate and Manage AWS Encryption Keys"  },  {  "label": "Lambda",  "description": "AWS Lambda is a compute service that runs your code in response to events and automatically manages the compute resources for you.",  "caption": "Run Code without Thinking about Servers"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Lex",  "description": "Amazon Lex is a service for building conversational interfaces using voice and text, powered by Alexa.",  "caption": "Build Voice and Text Chatbots"  },  {  "label": "AWS License Manager",  "description": "With AWS License Manager you can set customized rules, manage centrally, and discover software, across accounts, whether you’re running on AWS, on premises, or a public cloud. ",  "caption": "Set rules to manage, discover, and report third-party license usage proactively"  },  {  "label": "Lightsail",  "description": "Amazon Lightsail is the easiest way to run virtual private servers on AWS and offers predictable pricing starting at $5 per month.",  "caption": "Launch and Manage Virtual Private Servers"  },  {  "label": "Machine Learning",  "description": "Amazon Machine Learning is a service that enables you to easily build smart applications.",  "caption": "Build Smart Applications Quickly and Easily"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Macie",  "description": "Amazon Macie, a visibility security service that helps classify and secure your sensitive and business-critical content.",  "caption": "Amazon Macie classifies and secures your business-critical content."  },  {  "label": "Amazon Managed Blockchain",  "description": "Easily create and manage scalable blockchain networks with popular open source blockchain frameworks, Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum",  "caption": "Easily create and manage scalable blockchain networks"  },  {  "label": "Managed Services",  "description": "AWS MS provides infrastructure operations and IT management processes for enterprises running AWS.",  "caption": "IT operations management for AWS"  },  {  "label": "AWS Marketplace Subscriptions",  "description": "Digital catalog where you can find, buy, and deploy software",  "caption": "Digital catalog where you can find, buy, and deploy software"  },  {  "label": "MediaConnect",  "description": "AWS Elemental MediaConnect is a reliable, secure, and flexible live video transport service for high-quality contribution and global sharing.",  "caption": "Reliable, secure, and flexible transport for live video"  },  {  "label": "MediaConvert",  "description": "AWS Elemental MediaConvert is a file-based video conversion service that transforms media into formats required by broadcast and multiscreen devices",  "caption": "Convert file-based content for broadcast and multiscreen delivery"  },  {  "label": "MediaLive",  "description": "AWS Elemental MediaLive is a video service that allows easy and reliable creation of live outputs for broadcast and streaming delivery",  "caption": "Convert video inputs into live outputs for broadcast and streaming delivery"  },  {  "label": "MediaPackage",  "description": "AWS Elemental MediaPackage is a format conversion service that delivers live and on-demand video to many devices from a single source",  "caption": "Deliver video to many devices using just-in-time format conversion"  },  {  "label": "MediaStore",  "description": "AWS Elemental MediaStore is an AWS storage service optimized for media. It gives you the performance, consistency, and low latency required to deliver live and on-demand video content at scale.",  "caption": "Store and deliver video assets for live or on-demand media workflows"  },  {  "label": "MediaTailor",  "description": "AWS Elemental MediaTailor is a content personalization and monetization service that allows video providers to serve content with targeted advertising",  "caption": "Personalize and monetize multiscreen content with server-side ad insertion"  },  {  "label": "AWS Migration Hub",  "description": "Simplify and accelerate the migration of your data centers to AWS with a single location to track application migrations.",  "caption": "Simplify and accelerate the migration of your data centers to AWS"  },  {  "label": "Mobile Hub",  "description": "AWS Mobile Hub lets you quickly build, test, and monitor usage of your mobile apps.",  "caption": "Build, Test, and Monitor Mobile Apps"  },  {  "label": "MSK",  "description": "Amazon Managed Streaming for Kafka makes it easy for you to migrate, build, and run real-team streaming applications on Apache Kafka by managing Kafka's cluster infrastructure for you.",  "caption": "Fully managed, highly available, and secure service for Apache Kafka"  },  {  "label": "Neptune",  "description": "Amazon Neptune is a fast, reliable, fully-managed graph database service that makes it easy to build and run applications that work with highly connected datasets.",  "caption": "Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud"  },  {  "label": "OpsWorks",  "description": "AWS OpsWorks helps you automate configuration management tasks with Chef.",  "caption": "Configuration Management with Chef and Puppet"  },  {  "label": "AWS Organizations",  "description": "Policy-based management for multiple AWS accounts.",  "caption": "Policy-based management for multiple AWS accounts."  },  {  "label": "Amazon Personalize",  "description": "Amazon Personalize is a machine learning service that makes it easy for developers to add real-time personalization and recommendations to their apps.",  "caption": "Amazon Personalize helps you easily add real-time recommendations to your apps"  },  {  "label": "Personal Health Dashboard",  "description": "Personalized view of AWS service health.",  "caption": "Personalized view of AWS service health."  },  {  "label": "Pinpoint",  "description": "Amazon Pinpoint makes it easy to run targeted campaigns to improve user engagement.",  "caption": "Engage Users via Email, SMS, Push & Analytics"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Polly",  "description": "Amazon Polly is a service that turns text into lifelike speech.",  "caption": "Turn Text into Lifelike Speech"  },  {  "label": "QuickSight",  "description": "Amazon QuickSight is a fast, business analytics service at 1/10ᵗʰ the cost of traditional BI solutions.",  "caption": "Fast, easy to use business analytics"  },  {  "label": "Launch a Virtual Machine Quick Start",  "description": "Launch an EC2 instance with AWS-recommended default configuration.",  "caption": "Launch an EC2 instance with AWS-recommended default configuration."  },  {  "label": "Host a Static Website Quick Start",  "description": "Quickly build a static website on AWS using S3, CloudFront, and Route 53. ",  "caption": "Quickly build a static website on AWS using S3, CloudFront, and Route 53. "  },  {  "label": "Resource Groups",  "description": "Find and tag resources in bulk to create logical groupings of resources.",  "caption": "Find and tag resources in bulk to create logical groupings of resources."  },  {  "label": "Resource Access Manager",  "description": "AWS Resource Access Manager (RAM) enables you to easily and securely share AWS resources with any AWS account, or within your AWS Organization",  "caption": "Share AWS resources with other accounts or AWS Organizations"  },  {  "label": "RDS",  "description": "Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale relational databases in the cloud, such as MySQL, Aurora, MariaDB, and Oracle.",  "caption": "Managed Relational Database Service"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Redshift",  "description": "Amazon Redshift is a fast, fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse that makes it cost-effective to analyze all your data using your existing business intelligence tools.",  "caption": "Fast, Simple, Cost-Effective Data Warehousing"  },  {  "label": "Rekognition",  "description": "Amazon Rekognition is a deep learning-based image recognition service that enables you to search, verify, and organize millions of images.",  "caption": "Search and Analyze Images"  },  {  "label": "Resource Groups",  "description": "AWS Resource Groups lets you search and group AWS resources from multiple services based on their tags.",  "caption": "AWS Resource Groups Lets You Search and Group AWS Resources"  },  {  "label": "AWS RoboMaker",  "description": "AWS RoboMaker makes it easy to develop, test, and deploy robotics applications, as well as build intelligent robotics functions using cloud services.",  "caption": "Develop, test, and deploy intelligent robotics applications"  },  {  "label": "Route 53",  "description": "Amazon Route 53 is a scalable and highly available Domain Name System (DNS) and Domain Name Registration service.",  "caption": "Scalable DNS and Domain Name Registration"  },  {  "label": "Route 53 Resolver",  "description": null,  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "S3",  "description": "Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) provides easy-to-use object storage to store and retrieve any amount of data in the cloud.",  "caption": "Scalable Storage in the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "Amazon SageMaker",  "description": "Amazon SageMaker is a fully-managed service that enables data scientists and developers to quickly and easily build, train, and deploy machine learning models at scale.",  "caption": "Build, Train, and Deploy Machine Learning Models"  },  {  "label": "Secrets Manager",  "description": "Easily rotate, manage, and retrieve database credentials, API keys, and other secrets through their lifecycle.",  "caption": "Easily rotate, manage, and retrieve secrets throughout their lifecycle"  },  {  "label": "Security Hub",  "description": "AWS Security Hub is a security and compliance center that correlates AWS security findings and performs automated compliance checks.",  "caption": "AWS Security Hub is AWS’s security and compliance center"  },  {  "label": "Serverless Application Repository",  "description": "Discover and deploy serverless applications or publish and share applications, publicly or privately.",  "caption": "Assemble, deploy, and share serverless applications within teams or publicly"  },  {  "label": "Server Migration Service",  "description": "AWS Server Migration Service makes it easier and faster for you to migrate on-premises servers to AWS by automating the replication of live server volumes incrementally.",  "caption": "Migrate on-premises servers to AWS"  },  {  "label": "Service Catalog",  "description": "AWS Service Catalog allows organizations to manage approved catalogs of IT resources and make them available to employees via a personalized portal.",  "caption": "Create and Use Standardized Products"  },  {  "label": "Simple Email Service",  "description": "Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) enables you to send and receive email.",  "caption": "Email Sending and Receiving Service"  },  {  "label": "Simple Notification Service",  "description": "Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) lets you publish messages to subscribers or other applications.",  "caption": "SNS Pub/Sub, Mobile Push and SMS"  },  {  "label": "Simple Queue Service",  "description": "Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) offers a reliable, highly scalable, hosted queue for storing messages.",  "caption": "SQS Managed Message Queues"  },  {  "label": "AWS Single Sign-On",  "description": "Cloud single sign-on (SSO) service that makes it easy to manage SSO access to multiple AWS accounts and business applications.",  "caption": "Manage Single Sign-On (SSO) Access to AWS Accounts and Business Applications"  },  {  "label": "Step Functions",  "description": "AWS Step Functions makes it easy to coordinate the components of distributed applications using visual workflows.",  "caption": "Coordinate Distributed Applications"  },  {  "label": "Storage Gateway",  "description": "AWS Storage Gateway securely integrates on-premises IT environments with cloud storage for backup and disaster recovery.",  "caption": "Hybrid Storage Integration"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Sumerian",  "description": "Amazon Sumerian, create and run virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and 3D applications",  "caption": "Build VR, AR, and 3D applications"  },  {  "label": "Support",  "description": "Contact AWS for technical and account support.",  "caption": "Contact AWS for technical and account support."  },  {  "label": "SWF",  "description": "Amazon Simple Workflow (SWF) coordinates all of the processing steps within an application.",  "caption": "Workflow Service for Coordinating Application Components"  },  {  "label": "Systems Manager",  "description": "AWS Systems Manager is a unified interface that centralizes operational data from multiple AWS services and automates tasks across AWS resources.",  "caption": "AWS Systems Manager is a Central Place to View and Manage AWS Resources"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Textract",  "description": "Amazon Textract is a service that automatically extracts text and data from scanned documents. Amazon Textract goes beyond simple optical character recognition (OCR) to also identify the contents of fields in forms and information stored in tables.",  "caption": "Easily extract text and data from virtually any document"  },  {  "label": "IoT Things Graph",  "description": "ThingsGraph lets you easily build IoT applications by connecting devices and web services with little to no code.",  "caption": "Easily connect devices and web services to build IoT applications"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Transcribe",  "description": "Amazon Transcribe is an automatic speech recognition (ASR) service that makes it easy for developers to add speech-to-text capability to their applications. Using the Amazon Transcribe API, you can analyze any audio files stored in a common format (WAV, MP3, etc.) in Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) and have the service return a text file of all the transcribed speech.",  "caption": "Powerful Speech Recognition"  },  {  "label": "AWS Transfer for SFTP",  "description": "AWS Transfer for SFTP is a secure file transfer service that stores your data in Amazon S3 and simplifies the migration of SFTP workflows to AWS.",  "caption": "Fully-managed SFTP service for Amazon S3"  },  {  "label": "Amazon Translate",  "description": "Powered by deep learning technology, Amazon Translate delivers fast, high-quality, and affordable language translation. The service offers a managed and easy to use solution for crossing the language barrier – enabling you to translate large volumes of text efficiently, and easily localize the applications you build for international use.",  "caption": "Translate Text in Real-time"  },  {  "label": "Trusted Advisor",  "description": "AWS Trusted Advisor inspects your AWS environment and finds opportunities to save money, improve system performance and reliability, or help close security gaps.",  "caption": "Optimize Performance and Security"  },  {  "label": "VPC",  "description": "Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) lets you launch AWS resources in a private, isolated cloud.",  "caption": "Isolated Cloud Resources"  },  {  "label": "WAF & Shield",  "description": "AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall) protects web applications from attack by providing web traffic filtering against common web exploits like SQL injection.",  "caption": "Protects Against DDoS Attacks and Malicious Web Traffic"  },  {  "label": "WorkSpaces Application Manager",  "description": "[Placeholder text about WAM]",  "caption": null  },  {  "label": "AWS Well-Architected Tool",  "description": "Review your workloads with AWS Well-Architected Tool and get AWS best practice guidance for designing and operating workloads in the cloud.",  "caption": "Use AWS Well-Architected Tool to learn best practices, measure, and improve your workloads"  },  {  "label": "WorkLink",  "description": "Enable secure one-click access to internal websites and web apps from mobile phones.",  "caption": "Enable secure mobile access to internal websites and web apps"  },  {  "label": "WorkMail",  "description": "Amazon WorkMail is a managed email and calendaring service that offers strong security controls and support for existing desktop and mobile clients.",  "caption": "Secure Email and Calendaring Service"  },  {  "label": "WorkSpaces",  "description": "Amazon WorkSpaces is a fully managed desktop computing service in the cloud.",  "caption": "Desktops in the Cloud"  },  {  "label": "X-Ray",  "description": "AWS X-Ray helps developers analyze and debug production, distributed applications.",  "caption": "Analyze and Debug Your Applications"  },  {  "label": "WorkDocs",  "description": "Amazon WorkDocs is a fully managed, secure enterprise storage and sharing service with strong administrative controls and feedback capabilities that improve user productivity.",  "caption": "Secure Enterprise Storage and Sharing Service"  } ]