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Before 2012, any company claiming to make pilot's watches could get away with it, but the title now requires independent certification by the university of Aachen, Germany.Diving watches have an official certification (ISO 6425), but there was nothing similar for pilot watches until the TESTAF certification. Germany basically created the template of a pilot's watch as we know it today, so their industry probably has a thing or two to teach us about it. Below: one of the rare, highly-sought "observation" watches based on a German military design and made with a high-end pocket watch mechanism. Ceative Commons acsilver925.In broad strokes, a contemporary pilot's watch should follow a strict visual code to offer optimal readability and non-conflicting information. It should be operable while wearing gloves, not magnetize other cockpit instruments and still run even after all other devices have failed.So far there are three brands that bother to submit watches for certification: Sinn-Spezialuhren, who was instrumental in establishing the TESTAF, Uhrenmanufaktur Damasko, an aircraft parts manufacturer turned watchmaker and STOWA GmbH & Co.KG, a historic brand of observation watches revived by a master watchmaker.Interestingly, almost every watchmaker features a "diving" watch in their collection even though they never mention passing ISO 6425 certification, so there is no certainty that the rest of the industry will ever see an advantage in the TESTAF.Note to the reader:I mostly write about the watch industry, so if you enjoyed reading this answer and would like to learn more about the topic, please upvote and follow me on Quora, Twitter or LinkedIn.If you are looking for actionable information on how to manage a watch brand, I invite you to either: post a question here on Quora and request my answer; or contact me directly.I was Head of Design at the Longines Watch Company and I now run the agency Woodshores where I work with small, medium and big watch companies on their strategy, branding and portfolio management.

This is really hard to say. Boeing has been having manufacturing issues for a number of years. Boeing had to find a way to compete with the A320 family and did not want to design a new airframe but modify an existing one (management decision). The result was the B737–700/800 (1994). The later result was the 737 Max. Southwest Airlines demanded a more efficient design and their huge potential order had to be a factor in this unstable design decision.Considerable money was saved with the 700/800 by using lighter materials as well out sourcing component manufacturing to Wichita, Tulsa, Stuart, Charlotte, China, Korea, Malaysia, Northern Ireland, and Taiwan. The assembly is completed in the USA. This was facilitated by the introduction of CNC tooling whereby the rivet holes on the different sections manufactured throughout the world align perfectly with each other requiring CNC tooling to be used throughout.if you research Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 you will notice that the aircraft broke into 3 distinct sections coincidentally aligned with sections produced independently and assembled in a facility in Washington. The issue with the location of these fuselage fractures is a manufacturing defect in the bands (think bandaids) which join these sections together. There were other similar incidents.It would be easy to blame a union mentality for refusing (or not being able/willing to learn this new technology) and manufacturing the bandaids using a template (the rivet holes did not line up exactly) but the real responsibility has to fall again with management and cost cutting efforts to compete with Airbus, not the worker on the shop floor.Numerous Boeing aircraft operated for several years with this manufacturing defect with the full knowledge of the FAA and Boeing management all hoping that one of these aircraft did not come apart during inflight turbulence. Ultimately an additional bandaid (doubler) was installed and there have been no additional incidents of these aircraft fracturing along these lines.The 737 Max issue is a little deeper and involves Boeing being allowed to do its own certification flights using their own test pilots. Essentially the fox had the keys to the hen house! Whose fault is this? Are we the voters responsible for demanding government cost cutting? Is our political system of integrating many measures in a single bill to secure partisan support an issue? The Challenger accident was caused by faulty O rings but these O rings would not have existed had the SRB’s been manufactured in one piece at a coastal facility allowing maritime transport (think appropriations committee!).Boeing is a huge company which derives huge revenue from defense spending. It is a strategic asset and cannot be allowed to fail. However it cannot be allowed to continue without a significant corporate culture change. We must demand better quality control however which would preclude tools and coffee cups being locked into inaccessible spaces in our new USAF tankers (B767’s).The B737 Max is an unstable aircraft due to the forward placement of its engines. With computer interface and properly trained pilots and test pilot approved procedures the 737 Max should be a safe aircraft. Only time will tell.Sorry this was such a long answer and did not really give you an answer. My hope was to give insight allowing you to do your own research.

My answer will be a bit biased, but I would argue that Viima’s The Innovation System – Online Innovation Course & Coaching Program, which I’ve been a part of creating, is the best course out there on innovation management.After years of seeing hundreds of innovators within medium and large organizations both succeed and struggle with innovation management, we decided that we wanted to put our knowledge into good use and created The Innovation System with the aim of making those insights and that knowledge accessible for anyone.The core of the program is an online course, which tries to condense everything you need to know about innovation management into a very compact package, but the program also comes with tools, templates, exercises, peer matchmaking/mentoring, innovation manager certification, and even 1-on-1 coaching.Having created the program together with a number of pilot clients, we’re so confident in the product, that we’re willing to give a full, 100% money-back guarantee for anyone that isn’t able to deliver tangible results with the help of the course.