Session I June 25, 26, 27, 28th: Fill & Download for Free

Hello Quorans,UGC NET exam will going to be conduct in the month of June on the following dates; 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27 & 28th June 2019.Admit Cards for the June session will be uploaded soon on the official website of the National testing Agency (NTA). As per the latest announcements by the NTA, aspirants can download their Admit cards from 15th May 2019.To download the UGC NET Admit Card follow these steps:Go to the official website of the NTA.Click on the download Admit Card.Fill all the asked credentials.After filling all the valid information. You can fetch your admit card.Save it and take a print out.I hope the provided information will help you out.All the Best!!Thank You.

The history of Manbhum begins with The Diwani (the right to collect taxes) of Bengal province (Bengal, Bihar and Urishya) being handed over to the British East India Company after the Mughal ruler Shah Alam II and his allies were defeated in the Battle of Buxar[1].[“Shah 'Alam conveying the grant of the Diwani to Lord Clive”- panting by Benjamin West | image source]Manbhum district was created as a part of organizational restructure (for efficiency in revenue collection) of the British East India Company administration after the Charter Act in 1833[2][3][4] [5] .Manbajar was selected as the district town of this new district[6] . District capital was later shifted to Purulia in 1838[7] .Parts of this district is now constituted in Pashcim (west) Bardhaman, Purulia, and Bankura (of West Bengal) and Dhanbad, Dhalbhum and Saraikela-Kharsawan (of Jharkhand)[8][9] .Manbhum district was consecutively reduced in size in 1845, 1846, 1871 and 1879. After the last reduction, the area of the district was reduced to 10,650 square-kilometres from the initial 20,450.5 square-kilometres[10] [11] .The division of Bengal as proposed by Curzon was rolled back, in 1911–12[12] . On 22 March, Bengal was divided into Bengal and Bihar-Orissa- two provinces[13] [14] . Manbhum was placed in Bihar-Orissa despite the fact that majority were Bengali speaking people[15][16] .[Manbhum district on middle-right portion of the Bihar-Orissa province. (p. 89 of Census of India, 1911)| image source]The Bengali commonners and intelligentsia opposed the move. Even prominent Biharis such as Sachchidananda Sinha, Md. Fakhruddin, Deep Narayan Singh (later Chief Minister of Bihar) voiced their protest against this.The frontrunners in freedom movement, the National Congress always believed in the ideology of Indian states formed based on the major spoken languages[17] . Gandhiji and Jawaharlal Nehru both supported the idea of provinces based on languages [math]^{1}[/math]. In 1920 Nagpur Session of Congress, which was presided over by C. Vijayaraghavachariar discussed on and passed resolution to form states based on languages[18].The Bihar-Orissa province was broken and two separate states- Bihar and Orissa were curved out of it in 1935[19] [20] . And Manbhum was kept in Bihar despite the fact that 87 percent were Bengali speakers (1937 census of India)[21][22][23] .[Cropped image of Indian map in 1951, notice how West Bengal is sans Purulia. (Territory outside India is marked as per their present name) | image source (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Commission#/media/File:India_Administrative_Divisions_1951.svg)]The then President of Congress, Dr. Rajendraprasad (also the first president of Independent India), formed “Manbhum Bihari Samiti” to ensure the interests of the Hindi-speaking people of Manbhum. Another organization was set up under the leadership of the legendary Barrister, who became a judge at the young age of 37 years, PR Das[24][25] [the brother of Deshbandhu (Friend of the Nation) Chittaranjan Das]- “Manbhum Bengali Samiti” to ensure the welfare of Bengali speaking people of the district[26] .Bihar state government opened several Hindi medium schools in Manbhum, a Bengali majority state, but did not open any Bengali medium school. So the Bengali speaking people of Manbhum district started to open Bengali medium schools on their own based on requirement and as a sign of protest[27] .India gained Independence on 15 August, 1947.On 17 June, 1948, a committee was set up by Dr. Rajendraprasad to enquire whether it was advisable to create language based provinces in India as promised by Indian National Congress in earlier times[28] .By this time, Congress top brass started to actively resist to the idea of language based provinces. They thought that it would be harmful for national integrity and harmony.The committee constituted of Justice SK Dar (Ex- Justice of Allahabad High-court), JN Lal (an attorney) and Mr. Panna Lall (Retired bureaucrat)[29] . On 10 December, 1948 it submitted its report. It reported that it won’t be good for greater good of India to form provinces based on languages. To quote it- “the formation of provinces on exclusively or even mainly linguistic considerations is not in the larger interests of the Indian nation”. It prescribed that provinces should be set up based on geographical proximity, advantages in administering and economic reasons[30][31] .The committee’s reports were much resented by the people.In the annual Congress session (Jaypur) of the year, a new high profile committee was set up regarding this matter. It constituted of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP Committee). It reported that, based on popular demand, the country would think on creating language based provinces. Though there would be some exceptions- keeping in mind the greater good of India[32][33] .When the central government was busy in considering that whether language was a good and safe ground to divide and form new provinces upon, the Bihar state government suddenly announced Hindi as the only official language of the state.It was decreed that-Only Hindi were to be taught to the children from primary level.All of the schools’ signboards should be written in Hindi only. (School Inspector Circular No. 700/5R dated 18 March, 1948)No Bengali prayer song was allowed any more in school assembly. “Ramdhun”, a hindi song replaced whatever assembly prayer song was sung in Bengali medium schools. (School Inspector Circular No. 700/5R dated 18 March, 1948)It was mandatory for the Bengali speakers to always carry a domicile certificate and to produce it whenever demanded by authority.Only language of communication to/from government was set to Hindi.[34][35][36]Bengali people were getting restless and protests were being held.On, 30 April, 1948, under the presidency of Atul Chandra Ghosh, in Congress session (held in Jitan village in Bandoan), the Manbhum District Committee of Congree tried to discuss the inclusion of Manbhum in Bengal, but no resolution could be introduced as it was deliberately suppressed by Hindi speaking members.In 30 May, a vote was taken in this matter whether the local Congress Committee will support the drive in Purulia to let Bengali be official language of Manbhum. The resolution was defeated 43-55.[37]The Bihar State Government became vigilant in enforcing the laws that opposed the use of Bengali.[Atul Chandra Ghosh: a prominent freedom fighter and a key figure in the Bengali Language Movement in Manbhum | image source]On 14 June, 1948, 37 respected Congress leaders including Atul Chandra Ghosh (also the founding Secretary of Manbhum District Congress), Bibhutibhushan Dashgupta, Arunchandra Ghosh quit Congress and formed “Lok Sevak Sangha” to ensure Bengali and Bengali speakers get respect and decenct treatment in the district. They followed the path of Mahatma Gandhi and started Satyagraha movement.[38] [39]The main agenda of this organization included peaceful protests, demonstrations and Arandhana (no cooking in houses) vows etc. To curb this popular movement, Bihar State Government stopped supplying rice to Manbhum. To remedy this, the organizers started importing rice from Bankura. This constituted Food Satyagraha.[40]When the commoners behind this movement wanted to sell their farming instruments such as ploughs to fund the movement, the state government banned selling of farming instruments, but people did it anyway in a stunt to break the law. This formed Haal-jowal Satyagraha (Plough Satyagraha).[41]The Bihar State Government then banned all marches and demonstrations of the Bengali language movement.[42] Reportedly, this worsened the overall situation. And the movement went on for years.Bengali periodicals and magazines such as “Mukti”, “Marmabani”, “Kalyan Barta”, “Harijan Kalyan Sangbad”, “Palli Sewak”, “Tapoban”, “Agragami” and “Manbhum” played an important role spreading the news and awareness among people about the movement. The opposing party also published “Nirala”, “Pragati”, “Nirman”, “Prajatantra”, “Jana Sewak” etc.[43]Then the Satyagrahis used the very popular and centuries old folk songs indigenous to Purulia district- Tusu[44] [45][46] . This started in 9 January, 1954 and ended in 8 February of the same year. Tusu songs, widely popular in the district, was among the heavy influences in the 250 folk songs written and composed by Rabndranath Tagore. [47]Tusu songs became a tool of further spreading the movement.[48] New songs were written which became very popular. At that time, people felt very hurt and angry. And this sentiments ran very high. Let me show you an exemplary songwhich became very popular then-“শুন বিহারী ভাই, তোরা রাখতে লারবি ডাং দেখাইতোরা আপন তরে ভেদ বাড়ালি, বাংলা ভাষায় দিলি ছাইভাইকে ভুলে করলি বড় বাংলা-বিহার বুদ্ধিটাইবাঙালী-বিহারী সবই এক ভারতের আপন ভাইবাঙালীকে মারলি তবু বিষ ছড়ালি-হিন্দি চাইবাংলা ভাষার পদবীতে ভাই কোন ভেদের কথা নাইএক ভারতের ভাইয়ে ভাইয়ে মাতৃভাষার রাজ্য চাই।”[49] [50][(rough) translation-Listen Bihari brothers, you won’t be able to keep (Manbhum), see our sticks.You just increased the tensions for no need, threw dirt at Bengali;You forgot who your brothers are, emphasized on the sense of difference between Bengal and Bihar;Bengali and Bihari people are nothing but the brothers of the same (Mother) IndiaYet you hurt us, spread poison- demanded HindiIn (this) Bengali poetry, there is no sense of hostility, friend!We just want provinces among brothers of India which are based on the languages that our mothers speak.](Poet- Bhajahari Mahato)Many such Tusu songs spreaded across whole Manbhum. A collection of such songs were published as a book titles “Tusur Gaan-e Manbhum” (“Manbhum in Tusu Songs”). Thousands of copies of this books were sold within days.Where the Purulia Judges’ Court is situated now, there used to be a big field in front of it. Tusu songs were sung for whole night in the night of Makar Sangkranti every year. That year, on the night of 13 January, 1954[51] , people gathered in large numbers to celebrate the auspicious night, along with Satyagrahis. The people who were involved in peaceful protest, were soon attacked by the State Police and police lathi-charged upon the protesters. People were sent to jail in large numbers. [52][Bhajahari Mahato, freedom fighter, MP and key figure of Manbhum Bengali Language Movement | image source]17 Satyagrahis were charged with Section- 9 Sub-section (5) of Bihar State Public Safety Act. And Section 143 (Illegal gathering), Section 225 (Trying to obstruct the lawful apprehension of persons by force) and Section 186 (obstruction in government business) of Indian Penal Code were slapped on Lok Sebak Sangha leader Atul Chandra Ghosh, Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA-LA) Bhajahari Mahato, a prominent freedom fighter and Member of Parliament (MP-LS), Labanyaprabha Ghosh (wife of Atul Chandra Ghosh), Arun Chandra Ghosh and Ashok Choudhury.[53]73 years old Atul Chandra Ghosh, who was a freedom fighter for Independence of India, who then suffered from low blood pressure and bronchitis were first kept with third class inmates of Purulia jail and then transported in open truck to Hajaribag jail, 154 km away.[image source]Member of Parliament Bhajahari Mahato[54] [55] was brought to court in handcuffs and rope tied around his waist by the police- like a petty criminal. He was sentenced to 11 months in jail.A 15 year old boy named Babulal Mahato who was blind in both eyes from his birth was given 3 months in jail and two hunded rupees in fine.A 9 year old boy named Sudhanya Mahato was sentenced to 9 months in jail and slapped thousand rupees in fine.Samarendra Ojha who was an ex-member of the Congress Provincial Committee, was slapped 1 year in jail and 1000 rupees in fine. [1 INR in 1958 == 74.21 INR today; no data available for 1953][56]Arunchandra Ghosh along with five others received 14 months in jail.Ashok Chowdhury along with two others received 1 year in jail.23 others were sentenced to several periods of jail time in jail.[57]To collect the sums of the fine, the Bihar State Police went to homes of the Satyagrahis in the night of 21 February, 1954. The police tried to croak household items of the Satyagrahis. Bihar State Police raided the houses of the Satyagrahis in Pitidari village in Manbajar P.S. In those houses, it is alleged that, on that night, the police assaulted the women and acted with them in dishonourable manner.[58]At this stage, the tension between two language groups- Bengalis and Biharis of Manbum climbed to the peak. Goons allegedly supported by the Bihar Government used violence as a tool to curb the movement. Many Bengali medium schools and major institutions owned by Bengali business owners were set on fire.[59]Bihar State Government ordered even the Bengali Medium Schools to stop teaching Bengali and emphasized again on using Hindi as the only official language of the state. All the new recruits in the public schools were Hindi-speaking, and no Bengali teachers were allowed to enter the job. All the government employees and officers who were Bengali were transferred out of Manbhum to other districts of Bihar.[60]To discuss the situation a special convention was organized in Patna on 5 July, 1954. Bihar CM Krishna Singh, Revenue Minister Krishnaballabh Sahay, Secretary of Education Badrinath Sharma, Secretary of Information Mahesh Prasad Singh from Bihar and West Bengal CM Bidhan Chandra Roy and Atulya Ghosh, the President of West Bengal Provincial Congress Committee from West Bengal were the involved parties.[61]After the meeting was over, West Bengal CM BC Roy told the press that he was satisfied with the Bihar Government’s initiatives to promote Bengali language, teach Bengali kids in their mother tongue. That the Bihar government was doing all it can to reserve the rights of the Bengali speakers of the state. He said he was also satisfied with the fact the Bihar government wished to enquire into the alleged matter. He said that he did not find any truth in the allegations against the Bihar Government.[62]We, looking back, should not be surprised that Bidhan Chandra Roy behaved in this way. It is assumed that he was pressurized by Congress High-Command of that time. When a prominent figure like Dr. Rajendraprasad, was openly in favour of opposing side, there is not much a state CM belonging to Congress party could do.The West Bengal State Congress played no role in the the inclusion of Manbhum to West Bengal. The leftist parties also played insignificant roles in this movement. It was a non-political movement from its inception to its end.After Indian Independence, there erupted many movements in different parts of India demanding separate provinces for different language groups. Such movements were in full swing in Maharashtra (for a separate Gujarat province) and Madras (for a separate Andhra Pradesh).On 15 December, 1952, a Gandhian Satyagrahi, named Potti Sreeramulu fasted onto death after eating nothing for 58 days. He was fasting for the very popular demand of a separate state for Telugu speakers (Andhra Pradesh).[Potti Sriramalu | image source]In his death, all hell broke loose in Madras, and two days after Sriramalu’s death, PM Nehru announced that there would be a separate Andhra state. After the Andhra state became a reality, all other language groups began demanding separate states with a renewed vigour.[63]Keeping the vastly popular sentiment in mind, and as having new states and state lines was very practical from the perspective of administration, security and economy, Government of India formed a high profile State Reorganization Commission.[The first meeting of the States Reorganisation Commission in New Delhi. From right, K.M. Panikkar, Saiyid Fazl Ali (Chairman) and Hriday Nath Kunzru, taken on 12 February, 1954 | image source]It consisted of Supreme Court Chief Justice Sir Fazal Ali, famed diplomat and historian KM Panikkar and politician Dr. Hriday Nath Kunzru. Ultimately it divided India into 16 states and 3 union territories. In 1956, the new states came into being by law[64] . [math]^{2}[/math]The State Reorganisation Comission visited 104 towns and cities, interviewed more than 9,000 people and received 152,250 written submissions. Among these places, Mambhum was visited by KM Panikkar, the Historian and HN Kunzru on 5 February, 1955[65][66] . The commission submitted its report on 10 October, 1955. [math]^{3}[/math]The Satyagrahis of Manbhum were expecting a positive impact. But they were still not sure given the oddities and vigilant resistance they have faced from the authorities.Suddenly the CMs of Bihar and West Bengal came out with a wild idea, that had no base in popular sentiments whatsoever, among the people of either state- unification of Bihar and West Bengal states and forming a unified state on 23 January, 1956. It would have been called “Purba Pradesh”.[67][68]This angered people of both states. After this, the demand of Manbhum’s accession to Bengal did not remain a local movement any more.Prominent personalities such as Atul Chandra Gupta, Dr. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (first ever Chief Minister of West Bengal in free India), Bimal Chandra Sinha strongly voiced their dissent. And they demanded Purulia’s accession to West Bengal.[69]The leftist parties protested against this by demonstrations, rallies and within Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad. The leftist parties were joined by several organizations- farmers’ organizations, students’ organizations, labourers’ organizations, scientists’ organization, teachers’ organizations, theatre-workers’ organization etc. and was made into a pan-Bengal apolitical movement.[70]An organization named “All Bengal Linguistical State Reorganization Committee” was formed. This organization started marches, rallies, demonstrations and law disobedience movements across all districts of West Bengal.A convention was organized on Senate Hall, Kolkata. Prominent personalities such as Meghnad Saha (world famous astrophycisist, father of Thermal ionization and Saha ionization equation), Jyoti Basu (later Chief Minister of West Bengal), Kazi Abdul Wadud, Hemendra Prasad Ghosh, Gopal Haldar spoke against the union of West Bengal and Bihar states and for accession of Manbhum to West Bengal.[71]A gigantic public meeting was organized in Jamtara village of Manbhum. Reportedly one million people were present there. An agenda of marching towards Kolkata, the state capital was set.[72]On 20 April, 1956, more than 1,500 men and women started a peaceful foot-march to Kolkata from Pakrabirra village of Puncha, Manbhum. This March reached Kolkata on 6 May after 16 days of march through Bankura, Beliator, Sonamukhi, Patrasayer, Khandaghosh, Bardhaman (previously Burdwan), Rasulpur, Memari, Pandua, Mogra, Chuchura (previously Chinsurah), Chandannagar (previously Chandernagore), Godalpara, Shrirampur (previously Serampore), Uttarpara and Howrah. There were more than 350 women under the leadership of Basanti Roy.[73] [74][The route taken by the Satyagrahis, shown from Pakhbirra to Pandua | route tracked by Google Maps][The route taken by the Satyagrahis, shown from Pandua to Kolkata | route tracked by Google Maps]The Satyagrahis organized a rally in Maidan under the leadership of Atul Chandra Ghosh on 6 May. Many prominent personalities such as Hemanta Kumar, Jyoti Basu, Mohit Maitra, Sureshchandra Bandyopadhyay along with thousands of commonners rallied in Maidan in support and solidarity with the people of Manbhum.It was a huge success.The next day, on 7 May, the Satyagrahis decided to organize a rally in Dalhousie (now also known as BBD Bag). To make their efforts futile the Congress Government of West Bengal banned any rally there by imposing article 144. But they went on anyway. For breaking the law and not abiding by restrictions imposed by article 144, 956 Satyagrahis were arrested by the State Police and sent to three jails- Presidency Jail, Alipore Central Jail and Alipore Special Jail. They were released after 12 days.[75]3,300 other people were arrested all over West Bengal for the same movement.[76]The State Reorganization Commission advised that 19 police stations of Manbhum district were to be merged to West Bengal and a new district were to be formed named Purulia.But the fate of three Police Stations among these 19 were decided in a closed door meeting between Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, the Director of Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) and Dr. BC Roy, the CM of West Bengal. Mr. Tata requested CM Roy for the Police Stations of Ichagarh, Chandil and Patamda were to remain in Bihar despite the prescription of the high profile State Reorganisation Commission. Apparently Dr BC Roy agreed to those. The motive on either side remains hazy. For this decision a large chunk of land containing Dalma Forest and Chandil-Gamaria Forest, Dimna Lake and mid portion of Subarnerekha river went to Bihar.[77] [78]Finally “The Bihar-Bengal Border Demarcation Bill” was passed at the Parliament on 17th August 1956 and at Rajya Sabha on 28th August 1956. The bill got the signature of the President of India on 1st September 1956.[79] [80]At last, with 16 Police stations, 5198.1 square kilometer area and a population of 11,69,097 the new district Purulia was acceded to West Bengal on 1st November 1956.[81] [82]9 yeas of continued aggression, torture and resistance from both state and non-state actors came to an end. One fight have been fought before- on 21 February, 1952 in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) in an uprise against Urdu-domination of Pakistani rulers and one remained to be fought- one in Barak Valley, Assam in 1961 where 11 people laid down their lives for their language[83] . Bengali language has fought against the imposing of Hindi in the extreme west of Bengal, in the Barak Valley- extreme east of Bengal[84] and in Bangladesh[85] .OFFLINE SOURCES-p. 178, India After Gandhi by Ramachandra Guha, 10th Anniversary Edition.p. 184–185, India After Gandhi by Ramachandra Guha, 10th Anniversary Edition.p. 186, India After Gandhi by Ramachandra Guha, 10th Anniversary Edition.ALPHA SOURCES (SOURCES USED BY SOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS ANSWER WHICH MIGHT NOT BE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE FROM PRIMARY SOURCES)-p. 312–313 of Complete Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 89.p. 232–233 of ‘The Unity of India: Collected Writings, 1937–1940 (1941)Report of State Reorganisation Commission, 1955Report of Linguistic Provinces Commission, 1948Circular of District Inspector of Schools, Manbhum, 1948West Bengal District Gazetteers, Purulia 1985Bengal District Gazetteers – Manbhum, H. Coupland, Bengal Secretariate Book Depot, 1911“The Promise of Power: The Origins of Democracy in India and Autocracy in Pakistan” by Maya Tudor, Cambridge University Press, 2013“Rajendra Prasad, First President of India” by Kewalram Lalchand Panjabi, Macmillan, 1960“Role of Women in the Freedom Movement in Bengal, 1919-1947: Midnapore, Bankura, and Purulia District” by Niranjan Ghosh, Tamralipta Prakashani, 1988Local Politics and Indian Nationalism, Purulia, 1921-1947, Jayanta Kumar Dab, Progressive Publishers, 2007“Glimpses of The history of Manbhum” by Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay“Tusur Gaan-e Manbhum” edited by Arun Chandra Ghosh (in Bengali), 1954“Tusu Grantha” by Dr. Shanti Sinha (in Bengali)“Purulia” by Tarundeb Bhattyacharya (in Bengali)“Manbhum Theke Purulia” by Gautam Dey (in Bengali)An essay by Dr. Shanti Sinha in “Ahalyabhumi Purulia”, vol. 2, ed- Debprasad Jana (in Bengali)“Purba Banglar Bhasha Andolan O Tatkalin Rajniti” by Badaruddin Omar (in Bengali)Please know that this answer does not intend to spread any kind of negative sentiment whatsoever against any language group and ethnicity. The answer is solely intended toward remembrance of history. Because forgetting history is sin.Thanks for reading.Footnotes[1] History Of The Freedom Movement In India (1857-1947)[2] Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) - Wikipedia[3] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[4] The Official Website of Purulia District[5] Purulia district - Wikipedia[6] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[7] Purulia district - Wikipedia[8] Purulia district - Wikipedia[9] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[10] The Official Website of Purulia District[11] Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) - Wikipedia[12] Partition of Bengal (1905) - Wikipedia[13] Partition of Bengal (1905) - Wikipedia[14] Bihar and Orissa Province - Wikipedia[15] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[16] The Official Website of Purulia District[17] The question of linguistic provinces[18] Memorable sessions of the Congress in the Pre-Independence years – All India Mahila Congress[19] Bihar - Wikipedia[20] Bihar and Orissa Province - Wikipedia[21] Census Reports 1931[22] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[23] Census Table 1931 Related To Area, Houses And Population[24] When Chief Justice of Patna High Court kept Viceroy Lord Hardinge, LG out[25] MR. P.R.DAS,"YES ME LORD TO TEACH YOU LAW ME LORD"[26] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[27] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[28] States Reorganisation Commission - Wikipedia[29] Dhar Commission – Fazl Commission - Mitras IAS[30] Dhar Commision, JVP Committee and Fazl Ali Commission[31] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[32] Dhar Commision, JVP Committee and Fazl Ali Commission[33] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[34] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[35] The Official Website of Purulia District[36] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[37] The Official Website of Purulia District[38] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[39] The Official Website of Purulia District[40] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[41] The Official Website of Purulia District[42] The Official Website of Purulia District[43] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[44] Festival of Tusu: An Introduction[45] Tusu Festival or Tusu Parob at Purulia | Tale of 2 Backpackers[46] TUSU FESTIVAL AT PURULIA[47] লোকসুরের রবীন্দ্রনাথ ও বাউলগান[48] The Official Website of Purulia District[49] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[50] The Official Website of Purulia District[51] Bengali Calendar 1425, Durga Puja 1425, Bengali Panjika 1425, Bengali Calendar 2018, Bengali Calendar Today, Bengali Calendar 1426, Current Bengali time, Bengali Calendar Converter, bengali calendar download[52] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[53] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[54] http://164.100.60.131/loksabha1/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1535.htm[55] Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency) - Wikipedia[56] Value of 1958 Indian Rupees today[57] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[58] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[59] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[60] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[61] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[62] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[63] The battle for Andhra[64] States Reorganisation Act, 1956 - Wikipedia[65] The Official Website of Purulia District[66] States Reorganisation Act, 1956 - Wikipedia[67] The Official Website of Purulia District[68] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[69] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[70] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[71] Kazi Abdul Wadud - Wikipedia[72] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[73] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[74] The Official Website of Purulia District[75] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[76] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[77] বাংলার জন্য অন্য এক আন্দোলন[78] The Official Website of Purulia District[79] The Bihar And West Bengal (Transfer Of Territories) Act, 1956[80] The Official Website of Purulia District[81] http://www.srishtisandhan.com/srishtisandhan/Magazine/Content/ECND01PGanerBhasa.pdf[82] The Official Website of Purulia District[83] Bengali language movement in India - Wikipedia[84] Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley) - Wikipedia[85] Bengali language movement - Wikipedia

Original question:What is the goal of Trump's voter fraud task force?The presidential election integrity commission was established by executive order in May to investigate Trump’s claims of rampant voter fraud. As this item starts to occupy more and more headlines - I find it all very confusing, what is the goal and are they going about it the right way?The main goals, based on the past and present behavior and actions of Trump, seem to be:Voter intimidation.Voter suppression & voter restriction.Disenfranchising Voters.To ice his bruised ego (he lost the popular vote).Examples that back up the above goals I listed:Intimidation:Trump asked his base to be “election observers”: [1]Go down to certain areas and watch and study and make sure other people don’t come in and vote five times……The only way they can beat it in my opinion, and I mean this 100 percent, is if in certain sections of the state they cheat, okay? So I hope you people can sort of not just vote on the 8th — go around and look and watch other polling places and make sure that it’s 100 percent fine.Trump’s campaign website also added a “sign up” page for “election observers”:Appeal to motive in the below tweet:Numerous states are refusing to give information to the very distinguished VOTER FRAUD PANEL. What are they trying to hide?— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) July 1, 2017Voter Suppression & Restriction: [2]Voter purges:The letter doesn’t ask whether states are complying with the parts of the law that expand opportunities to register. Instead it focuses on the sections related to maintaining the lists. That’s a prelude to voter purging.Usually the Justice Department would ask only a single state for data if it had evidence the state wasn’t complying with Motor-Voter. But a blanket request to every state covered under that law is virtually unprecedented...These parallel efforts show us exactly how the Trump administration will undertake its enormous voter suppression campaign: through voter purges. The voter rolls are the key. Registration is one of the main gateways to political participation. It is the difference between a small base of voters pursuing a narrow agenda and an electorate that looks like America.Will affect minority voters disproportionately:Here’s how the government will use voters’ data. It will create a national database to try to find things like double-voters. But the commission won’t be able to tell two people with the same name and birthday apart. Such errors will hit communities of color the hardest. Census data shows that minorities are overrepresented in 85 of the 100 most common last names.Purging voters is part of a larger malicious pattern that states have employed across the country. Georgia and Ohio are being sued for carrying out early versions of what we can expect from the Trump administration.Disenfranchising Voters: [3]The Voter Commission’s data request resulted in some people withdrawing their voter registration:Three thousand, three hundred and ninety-four Coloradans have withdrawn their voter registrations as of July 13, following the Trump administration’s request for voter data as part of the Commission on Election Integrity. An additional 182 citizens in the state have filed as confidential voters.Several other states have reported a similar uptick in citizens moving to keep their information out of the federal government’s hands.Bruised Ego:Trump cannot accept that he lost the popular vote:In addition to winning the Electoral College in a landslide, I won the popular vote if you deduct the millions of people who voted illegally— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 27, 2016Quick look at “voter fraud” claims: [4]The 1960 presidential election:…reports of deceased and other unregistered voters in largely African American districts in Illinois or cases of malfeasance throughout Texas were believed to have rigged John F. Kennedy’s victory over Richard Nixon.Former Attorney General John Ashcroft:Formed the “Ballot Access and Voting Integrity Initiative” under George W. Bush’s presidencyDespite his coordination of the U.S. attorney offices with local election officials, only 24 people were convicted of improper or illegal voting and 14 non-citizens were found to be illegally voting in federal elections between 2002 and 2005.Claims of Voter Fraud in New Jersey:There were reports in 2004 that 4,755 deceased voters cast ballots in New Jersey. After careful comparison between voter rolls and death records, there were no official accounts of voter fraud.Claims of voter fraud in New York:In New York in both 2002 and 2004, 2,600 deceased voters allegedly voted, only to be removed from the register after an investigation revealed clerical errors and not malfeasance.Paranoia over “voter fraud” leads to voter suppression.North Carolina:Supreme Court rejected an appeal to reinstate North Carolina’s stringent voter identification laws that were found to discriminate against African Americans “with almost surgical precision.”Within days following this ruling, the court also found that two of North Carolina’s congressional redistricting maps resulted from unconstitutional racial gerrymandering. The decision—even supported by the more conservative Justice Clarence Thomas—found that African Americans were unfairly packed in two concentrated black districts, thereby minimizing their political influence in major elections.Wisconsin:Wisconsin’s efforts mirrored those in North Carolina where advocates purported that nearly 300,000 people lacked the proper ID to participate in the 2016 presidential election, even after parts of the state’s law were deemed unconstitutional upon appeal.Florida:In Florida, 1.5 million people were disenfranchised by a law that disqualifies ex-felons from voting, resulting in one in every four African American residents unable to vote in 2016.The 10 members in Trump’s “Commission on Election Integrity”:The above chart is based on information from a Washington Post article. [5]Mike Pence said that the “Commission on Election Integrity” will: [6]…Initiate a full evaluation of voting rolls in the country and the overall integrity of our voting system in the wake of this past election.Closer look into Kris Kobach:On November 9th, 2016, Kobach emailed a Trump transition team member about amending the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA): [7] [8]Kobach wants to amend the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA). Passed in 1993, the NVRA aims to increase voter registration: Its provisions include requiring that motor vehicle and public assistance agencies provide voter registration opportunities, and allows for registration by mail.“Interstate Crosscheck System”: [9]The “Interstate Crosscheck System” is faulty at stopping voter fraud and is conducted by Kansas election authorities:States participating in the program, known as the Interstate Crosscheck System, send their voter registration files to Kansas…Each participating state receives back a list of their voter registrations that match the first name, last name and date of birth of a voter in another state. Crosscheck provides some guidelines for purging voter registrations from the rolls.The “Interstate Crosscheck Program” is inherently flawed:In theory, the program is supposed to detect possible cases of people voting in multiple locations. But academics and states that use the program have found that its results are overrun with false positives, creating a high risk of disenfranchising legal voters…For every one illegitimate vote, “Interstate Crosscheck Program” would eliminate 200 legitimate votes:A statistical analysis of the program published earlier this year by researchers at Stanford, Harvard, University of Pennsylvania and Microsoft, for instance, found that Crosscheck “would eliminate about 200 registrations used to cast legitimate votes for every one registration used to cast a double vote.”Why the “Interstate Crosscheck Program” gets it so wrong:Factors for “matches” - birthdays and names:Crosscheck bases its “matches” primarily on just two factors: people's first and last names and their birth date. But in a country of 139 million voters, you're guaranteed to have tens of thousands of individuals who share both names and birthdays.For instance, in a 2007 paper, elections experts Michael McDonald and Justin Levitt examined voter files from New Jersey's 2014 elections. In those elections, the most common names — William Smith, Maria Rodriguez, etc. — showed up hundreds of times, reflecting their prevalence in the general population.Shared birthdays are even more common — statistically speaking if you have a group of just 23 people, there's a greater than 50 percent chance that at least two of them will share the same birthday.At 180 people, according to McDonald and Levitt, there's a 50 percent chance that two of them will share the same birth date — month, day and year.So if you have 282 William Smiths, as in New Jersey's voter rolls in 2004, you'd expect four of them to share the exact same birthday. Those four William Smiths would be flagged as potentially fraudulent voters by Kobach's Crosscheck system.Disorganized Voter files:…Voter files are notoriously messy and often incomplete. Among the 3.6 million New Jersey voters McDonnell and Levitt analyzed, for instance, nearly 1 million were missing a birth date completely. Ten thousand were listed with a birth date of Jan. 1, 1753, and another 20,000 listed as Jan. 1, 1800 — likely placeholder values that were never updated.Multiply those figures up to the national level, and you can see how a system that naively matches names and birth dates is going to return a lot of noise — and very, very little in the way of people actually trying to game the voting system.There's no question that incomplete voter data is a problem. But comparing incomplete data sets against each other isn't likely to solve that problem.Data on someone registering and voting in two states:Boiling it all down, out of the 240,000 paired registrations that Crosscheck sent to Iowa, there were only six cases where it appeared that the same person registered and voted in two different states.In other words, well over 99 percent of the 'matches' sent to Iowa were unlikely to have anything to do with even attempted voter fraud.Incidentally, that's in line with Kobach's prosecution record on Crosscheck cases: a grand total of nine successful convictions so far, “mostly older Republican males,” according to local media reports.Crosscheck’s “User Guide”:…Crosscheck's user guide recommends purging older voter registrations when the name and partial Social Security number match the name and SSN of a more recent registration.…Harvard, Stanford, University of Pennsylvania and Microsoft team estimate that following this guideline would result in 200 deletions of legitimate voter registrations for each real-world case of double voting it prevented.Kobach loves the “Interstate Crosscheck Program” and wants to take it to a national level - that’s concerning:Kobach's championing of Crosscheck is one reason many voting rights advocates are concerned that President Trump's voter fraud commission may be a vehicle for recommending mass voter purges……In his opening remarks before the election commission he said the Crosscheck program “illustrates how a successful multi-state effort can be in enhancing the integrity of our elections and in keeping our voter rolls accurate. I'm confident that this commission will be equally successful on the national level.”…If the system is primarily a vehicle for false positives, why bother using it at all?…the naming of Kobach to President Trump's voter fraud commission ensures that Crosscheck will continue to have a role in the spotlight this year. And if the Republican Party has its way, Crosscheck will expand — the 2016 GOP party platform called for “every state to join the Interstate Voter Registration Crosscheck Program to keep voter rolls accurate and to prevent people from voting in more than one state in the same election.”Kris Kobach sent a letter to all 50 states (June 28th, 2016), requesting information on voters: [10]This letter asked for: [11]The information requested includes the names, addresses, birthdates, political party (if recorded), last four digits of the voter's Social Security Number and which elections the voter has participated in since 2006, for every registered voter in the country.It would seem that Kobach desires to use “Interstate Crosscheck System” on all the information sent in regarding the information he requested.The ACLU said this about the request from Kobach:As a part of Donald Trump’s Election Integrity Commission, Kris Kobach sent letters across the country, asking state representatives for details on every registered voter in the country. This is an unprecedented government request for information on American voters, including names, addresses, birthdates, political affiliation, last four digits of Social Security numbers, and voting history.Here is a chart from the ACLU regarding where each state stands on these requests:After Kobach’s letter, there are currently seven federal lawsuits that have been filed in July (2017) against Trump’s “Commission on Election Integrity”: [12]The NAACP Legal Defense Fund filed a lawsuit on July 18th, 2017. The lawsuit alleged that the “Commission on Election Integrity”: [13]“was formed with the intent to discriminate against voters of color in violation of the Constitution…to reaffirm President Trump’s false allegations of millions of ‘illegal’ votesto provide a basis for actions that will target African-American and Latino voters…rather than objectively analyze an issue of national significance.”It went on further, saying:“Statements by President Trump, his spokespersons and surrogates…as well as the work of the Commission as described by its co-chairs, are grounded on the false premise that Black and Latino voters are more likely to perpetrate voter fraud…”The suit points to the below evidence:Trump’s repeated lies that “millions of illegals” voted in the electionPence repeating Trump’s claim/defending it [14]Kobach repeating Trump’s claim: [15]“I think the president-elect is absolutely correct when he says the number of illegal votes cast exceeds the popular vote margin between him and Hillary Clinton at this point.”Hans von Spakovsky’s ties to the “Public Interest Legal Foundation”The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) filed a lawsuit against the Commission on July 3, 2017, alleging that: [16]“the Commission’s demand for detailed voter histories also violates millions of Americans’ constitutional right to privacy.”The “Commission on Election Integrity” asked states to stop sending voter information until this lawsuit was resolved [17]The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a lawsuit on July 10th, 2017, alleging that the Commission was not following proper transparency laws: [18]The lawsuit charges the commission with failing to comply with the Federal Advisory Committee Act, which is designed to ensure public accountability of all advisory committees.The ACLU said that the Commission was not making any of the topics discussed available to the publicThree days later, the White House had a page added to its website which contained some documents regarding the meetings [19]The Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law filed a lawsuit similar to the ACLU’s on July 10th, 2017, citing the Commission’s failure to comply with transparency laws [20]The Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law also filed a Hatch Act Complaint against Kobach, saying that he improperly used his role on the Commission to promote his upcoming run for Governor in Kansas [21]The Florida ACLU filed a lawsuit on July 10th, 2017 (separate from the other ACLU lawsuit) against the Commission, alleging that the collection efforts were: [22]“…an unjustified invasion of privacy not authorized under the Constitution and laws of the United States or the individual states.”Public Citizen filed a lawsuit on July 10, 2017, similar to the lawsuit from ACLU Florida, alleging that the Commission: [23]“collection and dissemination of [voter] information violates the Privacy Act, which prohibits the collection, use, maintenance or distribution of any ‘record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.’ ”Public Citizen is requesting a temporary restraining order on the Commission’s request regarding voter informationCommon Cause also filed a lawsuit regarding Privacy Act violations on July 14, 2017, against the Commission: [24]“Common Cause asks the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to order the commission, [the Department of Homeland Security], and [the Social Security Administration] to stop seeking and using the voter history and party affiliation of voters, and return any such data it has already obtained from any state.”How Kobach’s request could be unconstitutional: [25]Kobach’s goal seems to be collecting personal information on people to put in a national voter file [26]The files would collect information not limited to:NameAddressPolitical party affiliationVoting HistorySome states include even more information: [27]Date of birthTelephone numbersEmail addressesInformation about minors (some states “pre-register” minors so that they can automatically vote when they turn 18)“Publicly Available” is not a cut and dry definition: [28]In some states, voter files are widely accessible, but not to everyoneSome states restrict “why” one can have access to voter filesFor example, Texas prohibits access to voter information used for commercial profitsVoter information is sometimes limited to: [29]Political partiesCandidatesNonprofitsAny state that have these types of restrictions are automatically breaking their own laws by sending information to back to KobachNo one knows what the Commission’s security protocols will be (or if they even have any)Asking for this information via email is suspectMakes it appear that the Commission has no security protocolsAnd/or doesn’t care about securityNo one knows exactly what the Commission will do with the infoWhat laws could this data request be breaking? Here are some of them: [30]The Privacy Act:We’ve long had privacy and security concerns about government recordkeeping in this country. Back in 1974, Congress passed the Privacy Act, regulating how federal government entities keep records. There are a number of substantive requirements for a body like the Kobach commission. Those actually include specific limits on data that Kobach has asked for, like voting history and party affiliation.The Paperwork Reduction Law:The Paperwork Reduction Act, a law with a longstanding pedigree (if an uninspiring name), governs agencies that want to issue potentially burdensome information requests. The statute covers requests that are mandatory or voluntary, aimed at individuals or organizations. The guiding idea behind the PRA is simple: before the federal government enlists individuals, companies, organizations, or state governments into potentially burdensome fact-finding, it should have a good justification and a well thought out plan.Procedural requirements found within the PRA:PRA requires federal agencies to satisfy procedural requirements designed to ensure a deliberative approach informed by the people who will feel the effects of federal action. Much of it is basic stuff. Before sending out an information request to more than ten people, a federal agency must articulate a justification for doing so. It must weigh any potential benefits to the government against the burdens that its requests will impose on recipients. It must have a plan for conducting the request and managing the information it receives. Perhaps most importantly, it must engage the public through two rounds of detailed public notification, coupled with opportunities for the public to weigh in. Only then may the agency seek final approval from the White House’s budget office, which oversees compliance with the PRA, to go forward.The election commission didn’t do any of those things. It simply ignored the statute’s requirements. In other words, its request to every Secretary of State in the country violated federal law.…In other words, the Commission’s failure to adhere to the PRA isn’t a matter of mere technical non-compliance; it flouted a legal framework whose provisions would have offered a safeguard against a misguided, and potentially quite harmful, national fishing expedition for voter data.…For state officials on the fence about whether to provide the data, the PRA should weigh significantly in their decisions. The Kobach letter was, after all, an unlawful request. State officials should pause long and hard before turning over such sensitive data – data that is foundational to the democratic process…And on top of all of that, the letter from Kobach also creates a major target for hackers: [31]Digital security experts say the commission’s request would centralize and lay bare a valuable cache of information that cyber criminals could use for identity theft scams — or that foreign spies could leverage for disinformation schemes.Quick facts on voter fraud:Justin Levitt, Loyola Law School professor, found: [32]2000 - 2014 = 35 cases of voter impersonation out of ~800 million ballots that were cast in primary, municipal, special, and other elections.News21 journalism looked into voter impersonation as well as people voting twice, vote buying, absentee fraud, etc from 2000 - 2012. [33]For voter impersonation: 10For other alleged fraud cases: 2,068~50% of those votes ended with acquittals or charges being droppedThe State Board of Elections in North Carolina found: [34]1 case of voter fraud out of 4.8 million votes in the 2016 General ElectionThere were 500 ineligible votesAlmost all of those 500 were people voting who genuinely thought they couldIn 2007, the NYT found that there were: [35]86 convictions of voter fraud from 2002–2007Quick background on voter ID laws (hint, its voter suppression): [36]Voter ID laws disproportionately affect minorities:These laws have a disproportionate effect on minorities, which is exactly what you would expect given that members of racial and ethnic minorities are less apt to have valid photo ID.States that do have strict voter ID laws tend to vote more conservative:Because minority voters tend to be Democrats, strict voter ID laws tilt the primary electorate dramatically.All else equal, when strict ID laws are instituted, the turnout gap between Republicans and Democrats in primary contests more than doubles from 4.3 points to 9.8 points.Likewise, the turnout gap between conservative and liberal voters more than doubles from 7.7 to 20.4 points.States that pass strict Voter ID laws tend to have GOP legislatures:By instituting strict voter ID laws, states can alter the electorate and shift outcomes toward those on the right:Where these laws are enacted, the influence of Democrats and liberals wanes and the power of Republicans grows.Strict ID laws are passed almost exclusively by Republican legislatures.Quick look at what States have Voter ID laws: [37]Some states seem energized by Trump’s voter fraud conspiracies, many pushing for more Voter ID laws in 2017:At least 99 bills to restrict access to the polls have been introduced (or have been carried over from previous sessions) in 31 states this year; that's already more than double the number last year, according to data compiled by the Brennan Center.Voter ID — requiring voters to prove who they are with identifying documents — is the most common requirement, but changes to the voter registration process, such as asking people to prove their U.S. citizenship, are a close second.Why obtaining a government issued ID tends to be more challenging for minority demographics, collectively as well as some of the reasons that these laws are discriminatory: [38]Cost:Obtaining ID Costs Money.Even if ID is offered for free, voters must incur numerous costs (such as paying for birth certificates) to apply for a government-issued ID.Underlying documents required to obtain ID cost money, a significant expense for lower-income Americans. The combined cost of document fees, travel expenses and waiting time are estimated to range from $75 to $175.Travel:The travel required is often a major burden on people with disabilities, the elderly, or those in rural areas without access to a car or public transportation.In Texas, some people in rural areas must travel approximately 170 miles to reach the nearest ID office.Voter ID laws are discriminatory:Minority voters disproportionately lack ID.Nationally, up to 25% of African-American citizens of voting age lack government-issued photo ID, compared to only 8% of whites.Some Voter ID laws exclude forms of ID in a discriminatory way:Texas:allows concealed weapons permits for voting, but does not accept student ID cards.North Carolina:Until its voter ID law was struck down, North Carolina prohibited public assistance IDs and state employee ID cards, which are disproportionately held by Black voters.Wisconsin:Until recently, Wisconsin permitted active duty military ID cards, but prohibited Veterans Affairs ID cards for voting.Enforcement of Voter ID laws shows a trend of discriminatory behavior:A Caltech/MIT study found that minority voters are more frequently questioned about ID than are white voters.Voter ID laws reduces the turnout of minority voters:Several studies, including a 2014 GAO study, have found that photo ID laws have a particularly depressive effect on turnout among racial minorities and other vulnerable groups, worsening the participation gap between voters of color and whites.The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) is a right wing group that is funded by corporations like Exxon Mobile and the Koch brothers, is the culprit behind most of the voter ID laws: [39]Lawmakers proposed 62 photo ID bills in 37 states in the 2011 and 2012 sessions, with multiple bills introduced in some states.Ten states have passed strict photo ID laws since 2008, though several may not be in effect in November because of legal challenges.…More than half of the 62 bills were sponsored by members or conference attendees of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a Washington, D.C.-based, tax-exempt organization.At ALEC’s annual conferences, legislators, nonprofits and corporations work together without direct public input to develop bills that promote smaller government…The group’s Public Safety and Elections Task Force at the 2009 Atlanta meeting approved the “Voter ID Act,” a photo ID bill modeled on Indiana and Georgia laws.…Arkansas state Rep. Dan Greenberg, Arizona state Sen. Russell Pearce and Indiana state Rep. Bill Ruppel (three Republicans now out of office) led drafting and discussion of the Voter ID Act.Critics of photo voter ID laws…say voters without a driver’s license or the means (a birth certificate or Social Security card) to obtain free ID cards at a state motor vehicles office could be disenfranchised.They claim that ALEC pushed for photo ID laws because poor Americans without ID are likely to vote against conservative interestsThe White House asked for feedback on the “Election Integrity Commission” on the White House website, which didn’t go so well. For example: [40]There was a lot of swearing:People called out Kobach and Pence specifically:Others questioned the integrity of the Commission:There were comparisons to Big Brother:Others demanded that the commissioners explain themselves:And my personal favorite:So, in conclusion, Trump’s “Commission on Election Integrity” is a waste of taxpayer money. The goal of the Commission is to create a “solution” that is looking for problems that don’t exist as well as creating problems.Are they going about it the right way? No.The premise of this Commission is based on lies.How the Commission is going about collecting the information based on a false premise is wrong.The data the Commission is wanting is likely a violation of privacy laws.Footnotes[1] Trump Asks Supporters to Prevent ‘Rigged’ Election by Becoming ‘Observers’[2] Opinion | The Voter Purges Are Coming[3] Some voters unregistering after Trump administration's data requests[4] Trump’s election integrity commission needs to redress voter suppression, not fraud[5] Analysis | Here are the first 10 members of Trump’s voting commission[6] Trump's election commission meets as critics condemn president's 'biggest lie'[7] Kris Kobach Email [8] This Trump administration official wants to make it more difficult to vote[9] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/20/this-anti-voter-fraud-program-gets-it-wrong-over-99-of-the-time-the-gop-wants-to-take-it-nationwide/?utm_term=.b08bbbc38661[10] https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3881818/SOS-Letter.pdf[11] Election Integrity Commission - State Responses[12] Trump’s voter commission is now facing at least 7 federal lawsuits[13] http://www.naacpldf.org/files/about-us/EIC%20Complaint.pdf[14] Watch Mike Pence try to defend Trump’s false claim that ‘millions’ voted illegally[15] Kris Kobach agrees with Donald Trump that ‘millions’ voted illegally but offers no evidence[16] EPIC v. Presidential Election Commission[17] https://epic.org/privacy/litigation/voter/epic-v-commission/EPIC-v-Commission-government-filing-on-DOD-database.pdf[18] American Civil Liberties Union v. Donald Trump[19] Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity[20] Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Files Lawsuit To Halt Commission Hearing for Failure to Comply With Federal Law | Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law[21] Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Files Hatch Act Complaint Against Kris Kobach | Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law[22] https://www.aclufl.org/2017/07/10/coalition-of-voting-rights-leaders-and-florida-voters-sue-presidential-commission-over-request-for-voter-information/[23] https://www.citizen.org/media/press-releases/public-citizen-sues-trump-administration-prevent-government’s-collection-voter[24] http://www.commoncause.org/press/press-releases/PenceKobachLawsuit.html?referrer=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/18/trumps-voter-fraud-commission-is-now-facing-at-least-7-federal-lawsuits/?utm_term=.696f889ac706?referrer=http://www.denverpost.com/2017/07/18/trumps-voter-commission-facing-several-federal-lawsuits/[25] All Your Voter Data Are Belong To Us | Take Care[26] http://www.ncsl.org/Documents/Elections/The_Canvass_February_2016_66.pdf[27] Full List Facts and Info - Voter List Information[28] States - Voter List Information[29] ELECTION CODE CHAPTER 18. PROCEDURES FOR IDENTIFYING REGISTERED VOTERS[30] President Trump’s Election Commission Has Already Violated Federal Law | Take Care[31] Trump voter-fraud panel’s data request a gold mine for hackers, experts warn[32] Voter Turnout Data - United States Elections Project[33] A News21 2012 National Project[34] https://s3.amazonaws.com/dl.ncsbe.gov/sboe/Post-Election%20Audit%20Report_2016%20General%20Election/Post-Election_Audit_Report.pdf[35] In 5-Year Effort, Scant Evidence of Voter Fraud[36] Analysis | Do voter identification laws suppress minority voting? Yes. We did the research.[37] States push new voter requirements, fueled by Trump[38] Oppose Voter ID Legislation - Fact Sheet[39] Oppose Voter ID Legislation - Fact Sheet[40] https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/docs/comments-received-june-29-through-july-11-2017.pdf