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10. Venom (SM3)The portrayal of Venom in here was just abysmal. He had very little screen time and other than his weakness to sound, I think they got absolutely nothing good about him. He came, he fought Spidey, he got owned.9. Green Goblin (Harry Osborn) (ASM2)This one is probably my personal hate. The Goblin pretty much showed up at the last 2% of the movie which was hella anticlimactic, but Harry's portrayal here was also kinda stupid. He was supposedly Peter's old friend but they seemed really awkward in most of their interactions. His attempts of curing himself from the Osborn disease was also a very incoherent side story.8. Electro (ASM2)I think he was just a very badly designed villain. His motivation was basically Spider-Man forgetting his name, or because people did not like him for all his life? Either way it seemed like a very poorly written reason, that's only worth about 1/3 of the screen time. And hey, that's actually as much as the director would give him.7. Lizard (ASM)He's kind of a shallow villain, but unlike Electro he had at least somewhat believable backstory. His development was kind of a cliche though. I don't have too much more to say about him, but I can't possibly rate him higher.6. Sandman (SM3)Now I think Sandman is not just Sandman, but he also represents the Burglar. Spider-Man confronting him would be returning to face his original demon of seeing Uncle Ben's death. Sandman was also a sympathetic figure if the writers elaborated more on his backstory, but sadly, they didn't. It made Spider-Man forgiving him at the end a little weak.5. Mysterio (FFH)Of the two MCU villains I would consider him the lesser. Jake Gyllenhaal did a great job playing him, he was genuinely likeable when he was good and terrifying when we see he is evil. Mysterio was as good of an actor as Gyllenhaal to have successfully fooled Spider-Man. Sadly, he has that really generic MCU villain backstory that we've seen 10 times already, which was a bit of a waste.4. New Goblin (SM1-3)Now I would say Harry Osborn in the Raimi-verse was an underrated villain. For one, I actually consider him as the deuteragonist and foil to Peter in the trilogy as a whole. His motivation had also significantly changed at different stages, as he too had multiple movies to develop. His relationship with Peter went from friendly rivalry, to family, to revenge, and finally dying in Peter's arms. His death and redemption was probably the best closure for me when I watched the original trilogy end.3. Doctor Octopus (SM2)I really liked Doc originally, but as the years went by…my opinion of him was still great, but fallen just a bit. He was pretty much acting out his more selfish and insane side under the influence of his AI tentacles, and he proved in the end he still had the hero in him, which was the moral of the entire story. I felt he made a good sharpening stone for Raimi-verse's Spider-Man, but he is at his best only when he interacted with Spidey. His own actions, motivation and development as a villain was a little shallow. Nevertheless, still one of my favourite villains. He is similar and a better version of the Lizard in most ways.2. Vulture (HC)Definitely the better of the 2 MCU villains, and probably one of the better MCU villains. We see him for most of the movie, but his reveal as Peter's “father-in-law” was the real shocker (pardon my pun!) He shared several unique characteristics amongst the villains, like being genuinely good to his family, and having an honest grass roots background like Peter Parker did before he became super. His feeling for Peter was also complex, and how his encounter with Spider-Man played out ended in an open ended way. Is he now sympathetic of Spidey? Is he still spiteful of him? Will he still let Peter date his daughter?I am legitimately hoping to see more from him in upcoming MCU films.And my personal favourite goes to…Green Goblin (Norman Osborn) (SM)I felt Norman Osborn was a pretty fascinating person. He had the crazy dangerous part that was brought out by the Goblin serum, and the insidious ingenious part that was always deeply in his original personality. Either way, he was a menace in whichever way he appeared to both Peter and to Spider-Man. In fact, he was downright malicious to everyone. He pretty much was the second biggest influence on Raimi-verse's Spider-Man after Uncle Ben, and also heavily turned Harry down a dark path. When I first saw Spider-Man 1, I thought he was frightening, then I thought he was a bit cheesy. But many more years later I would think he is the greatest villain of all live action Spider-Man films for all that he's done.Or is he?0. J. Jonah Jameson (SM1-3 & FFH)Many people have comically joked that JJ is the true antagonist for Peter Parker. I mean, who else could be more aggressive than an angry, stingy and mean boss? Of course JJ is not a real villain but there's no way he can get away without an honourable mention here.

In Spider-Man Far Home, why didn’t Spider-Man’s Peter tingle sense that it wasn’t the real Nick Fury?He didnt sense it as it was part of the plot.One of the major points of Far From Home is to introduce the Spider-Sense to the MCU.In the beginning its shown that he knows about. Aunt May throws something at Peter and he doesnt catch it, when she expects him to. We have seen in previous movies Peters sense come and go.In the fight between Bucky and Falcon we see it both working and not working. At around 152 in the clip he senses a peice of debris thrown at him from behind by Bucky while chasing Falcon. He manages to escape, but then later at the end of the clip when he thinks he is ‘safe’ with both of them webbed up, Falcon calls Red Wing and Spidey gets caught out.If the sense grows in the same way in the MCU, just Falcons movements to send Red Wing would set Peters Sense going.The most famous showing of the Spider-Sense in the MCU (before FFH) was the hairs on Peters arm raising as the flying doughnut arrives in Infinity War. Finally a clear showing of the Spider Sense. He also senses the GotG arriving later on in the flying doughnut, but then gets jumped by Peter Quill just moments later.So we get to FFH and Peter is in a bad place emotionally after Endgame coping with being ‘blipped’, fighting against Thanos and of course the death of his mentor in Tony Stark. Peters emotion has been known to play havok with his powers in other versions of the characters not least Raimi’s Spider-Man 2:He is shown losing his wall crawling, fixed vision and his natural webbing, this is because he is dealing with a lot of personal issues. MJ is with someone else. He is struggling with school etc.So there is precidence for his powers coming and going in this manner.Peter is coerced into working with Mysterio by ‘Fury’ and while trying to get out of it Peter asks why someone else couldnt deal with it. Naming Thor and Captain Marvel in particular. ‘Fury’ seemed particularly upset when he mentioned Carol. This should have sent the sense flashing for Peter and for the audience.Why would Fury not be happy with Captain Marvel? He called her after 20 years and she came and helped out for 5 years and then arrived back on Earth to help the Avengers when Hulk snapped everyone back. There is nothing there for Fury to be unhappy about.But what did ‘Fury’ say? Dont invoke her name. Very strange wording. Why not “Dont say her name” or something like that. But invoke? Almost sounds relegious or that ‘Fury’ worships her.Its a clue to who ‘Fury’ really is. Talos and his people were saved from extinction by Captain Marvel and it is no suprise that he would react in this manner. Peter has met both Fury and Carol before he should know that this isnt right and so his Peter Tingle should be going. But he either ignores it or is too busy trying to get out of saving the world.Why doesnt Peter Sense it isnt the real Fury? Because he hasnt learnt to trust his senses yet. By the end of the film, he would know that it isnt the real Fury just from the way he acts and a huge tell like what he said about Carol would make it obvious.

This is not a rule, rather a convention followed in order to simplify design of circuits involved in computers. All additions and subtractions are performed by the processor using an Adder! Yes, even subtraction and the following answer attempts to explain this.Within the processor, all operations are performed on binary numbers. A byte is an 8 bit binary number. Using 8 bits, the maximum number that can be represented is 1111 1111(binary) or FFh(hexadecimal) or 255(decimal). One may argue that a 9th bit(leftmost bit) can be used to represent negative numbers (which is 0 for positive and 1 for negative). For more information check this. However this makes implementation more complex. An alternative is, using the range of numbers 0000 0000 to 1111 1111 to represent both positive and negative numbers. Following tables show numbers represented by 256(0 to 255) bytes.Bytes can represent integers from 0 to 127 and -128 to -1 which makes a total of 255 values.For bytes numbered 0 to 127,Notice, the most significant bit (leftmost bit) of all the binary representations is 0. This signifies a positive number.For bytes numbered 128 to 255,Notice, the most significant bit (leftmost) of all the binary representations is 1. This signifies a negative number.From above tables it is clear thatTable (a): The first 128 bytes (Sr No. 0 to 127) have binary equivalents 0000 0000 to 0111 1111 which predictably represent numbers 0 to +127Table (b): The next 128 bytes (Sr No 128 to 255) have binary equivalents 1000 0000 to 1111 1111 which quite unpredictably represent numbers -128 to -1 (Why and How)!?Answer:To implement subtraction using the adder. So whenever you add or subtract numbers, check table (a) and (b) for respective binary representations.Ex1: For operation 3 + 5 we simply look up the binary representations of +3 and +5 and then add them.Ex2: For operation 3 + (-5) we simply look up the binary representations of +3 and -5 and then add them.The bytes numbered 128 to 255 represent negative numbers and the processor implicitly considers their equivalent binary representations 1000 0000 to 1111 1111 as negative integers from -128 to 255. For our (explicit) understanding we take two’s complement of binary numbers 1000 0000 to 1111 1111 in order to get corresponding negative integers from -128 to 255.2’complement2’s complement of a number means subtracting that number from 255(also known as 1’s complement) and adding 1.For numbers 128 to 255 we take 2’complement of their binary representationsExample for byte 129,To find out 2’complement for numbers 128 to 255, follow the steps below.Following is an example to show 2’complement for number 129(binary representation 1000 0001).Step 1: Take 1’s complement (subtract the number from 255)If you observe closely, the result is simple an inversion of bits (1 becomes 0, 0 becomes 1). Thus, eliminating the need to subtract. The processor implements subtraction by simply inverting the bits of the subtrahend.Step 2: Take 2’s complement (add 1 to 1’s complement)The processor will output the result as -127.Note: 2’s complement is performed when MSB is 1 which automatically signifies it is a negative number(As you can confirm from table (b), if the most significant bit is 1, 2’s complement is performed and number is treated as negative, hence output is -127)Example 1: Add two numbers 15 and -3Solution: This is where 2’s complement comes handy. Any negative number can be converted to 2’complement and added, yes ADDED, to another number. We can add 15 with 2’s complement of 3 and get the answer.3 = 0000 0011 (binary)To find 2’s complement of 3Step 1: 1’s complementSimply invert the bits of 0000 0011Result: 1111 1100Step 2: 2’s complementAdd 1 to result of step 1You can check with table (b)Now, add 2’s complement of 3 to 15The processor discards the most significant bit from the 9 bit result and treats the remaining 8 bits as the result which is 0000 1100 also 12 in decimal.Example 2: Add two numbers -15 and 3Solution:15 = 0000 1111 (binary)3 = 0000 0011 (binary)To find 2’s complement of 15Step 1: 1’s complementSimply invert the bits of 0000 1111Result: 1111 0000Step 2: 2’s complementAdd 1 to result of step 1You can check with table (b)Now, add 2’s complement of 15 to 3Result: 1111 0100However, since MSB=1, the result is negative and we need to perform 2’s complement to understand the result.On taking 2’s complement we get 0000 1100We get -12 as the final result. (We know the result is negative since we took 2’s complement).Example 3(special case): Add two numbers -59 and -59Solution:59 = 0011 1011 (binary)To find 2’s Complement of 59Step 1: 1’s complementSimply invert the bits of 0011 1011Result: 1100 0100Step 2: 2’s complementAdd 1 to result of step 1You can check with table (b)Now, add 2’s complement of 59 to 2’s complement of 59The processor discards the most significant bit from the 9 bit result and treats the remaining 8 bits as the result. 1000 1010 is the result (wait, MSB =1).Hence, we need to take 2’s complement of 1000 1010 which gives us 0111 0110 which is 118 in decimal and final result is -118. (We know the result is negative since we took 2’s complement).References: Code by Charles Petzold (Page 151)If any doubts or questions, let me know in the comments section!