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Here's a quick summary of the Groovy/Grails books I like as of April 2014. Note that all Grails books have to cover Groovy to some degree, and all Groovy books at least mention Grails.Primarily Groovy:Groovy in Action, Second Edition, by Dierk Koenig, et al. (Manning). This book is in MEAP (Manning Early Access Program), meaning if you buy it you get an eBook + updates as they become available. All Manning MEAPs also include a PDF of the first edition. The first edition of GinA is still my all-time favorite technical book.Making Java Groovy, by Ken Kousen (Manning). My book is designed to show Java developers how to make their lives easier by adding Groovy. I'll be happy to answer any questions you might have about it, but there's only so much self-marketing I'm comfortable doing in a single post here. :)The Pragmatic Bookshelf | Programming Groovy 2, by Venkat Subramaniam (Pragmatic Programmers). The advanced parts of this book are great, and Venkat is an excellent writer and coder.Primarily Grails:The Definitive Guide to Grails 2, by Jeff Brown and Graeme Rocher. Jeff is a core Grails committer and Graeme is the head of the Grails project. The book is, as it says, definitive, though it's based on Grails 2.0 (the current version is 2.3). Highly recommended.Grails in Action, Second Edition, by Glen Smith and Peter Ledbrook (Manning). This book is also a MEAP edition, though the chapters are all there. Glen and Peter are busily updating their content to be consistent with all the latest changes in Grails 2.3. This book is quite complementary to DGG2. It talks about plugins, mapping to legacy databases, and even single-page apps, among other things.Grails 2: A Quick-Start Guide, by Ben and Dave Klein (Pragmatic Programmers). This newly revised book is back after being out of print for some time. IMHO, it's the best beginner book on Grails, and maybe on anything. It's a clear, well-written tutorial that leads the reader through building a simple but non-trivial web site from start to finish. It may leave you wanting more (that's what the other books are for), but it's a great way to get started if you don't have any background in the area.Programming Grails, by Burt Beckwith (O'Reilly). This should be everybody's second Grails book. It's written for developers with some Grails background already and shows what's actually going on under the hood. The discussion of Hibernate in Grails alone is worth the cost of the book and is better than most of the available Hibernate documentation.There are a handful of other books available, but those are the ones I use the most. I should also mention, as an aside, that Paul King (one of the core Groovy committers and a co-author in GinA) publishes most of his presentations on Slideshare.net. Anything he has there is free and excellent.Another answerer to this question mentioned the InfoQ book Getting Started with Grails, Second Edition, by Scott Davis and Jason Rudolph. Like everyone else learning Grails a few years ago, that was my first Grails book and a real favorite. The first edition was by Jason Rudolph and used Grails 0.4 (which gives you an idea how old it was) and then Scott Davis updated it to Grails 1.2. It hasn't changed since, which makes it pretty dated. It is a quick read, though, and available free with a registration at InfoQ.If you're interested in training in this area, well, that's my day job. I have another post here detailing that. :)

Dear Reader,History of GST, Historical Background of GST (Goods and Service Tax)Amaresh Baghchi Report, 1994Suggests that the introduction of “ Value Added Tax (VAT) ‘ will act as root for implementation of Goods and Services Tax in IndiaAshim Dasgupta, 2000Empowered committee, which introduces VAT System in 2005, which has replaced old age taxation system in India.Vijay Kelkar Task Force 2004,It strongly recommended that the integration of indirect taxes into the form of GST in India.Announcement of GST to be implemented by 1st April, 2010After successfully implementation of VAT system in India and suggestion of various committees and task forces on GST, the Union Government first time in Union Budget 2006-07 announced that the GST would be applicable from 1st April, 2010.The government has formed various Joint Working Groups of state finance ministers to study the impact of GST on the revenue of various States.The empowered committees of State Finance Ministers after various meetings reached on amicable formula for implementation of GST in India.Task force of Finance Ministers has submitted their report in December, 2009 on structure of GST in India.Government of India has issued first discussion paper in November, 2009.Constitution (115th Amendment) Bill introduced on 22nd March, 2011 and same was referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance for discussion.Finance Minister in his speech announced that the GST will be rolled out by April, 2011.Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill introduced in the Parliament in December, 2014;Since 115th Amendment Bill has been lapsed due completion of parliamentary terms. The Government of India has introduced Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill on 19th December, 2014 the Lok Sabha has passed the bill on 6th May, 2015 but Bill is pending in Rajya Sabha.GST Bill Passed in Rajya Sabha on 3rd August 2016 (03-08-2016)When GST is Applicable – Modi Government Want to applicable GST Bill From 1st July 2017, Due to Some Legal Problems GST Bill is not applicable before 1st July 2017.The Objectives of GST, it’s implementation and Impact will make you clear that it’s good or bad-The tax revenue mix can change as per the economic condition of the country. In developing countries, indirect taxes comprise a higher share of total taxes; in developed countries, their contribution is significantly lower.1. Petroleum products2. Entertainment and amusement tax levied and collected by panchayat /municipality/district council3. Tax on alcohol/liquor consumption4. Stamp duty, customs duty5. Tax on consumption and sale of electricityGST objectives:-1. Ensuring availability of input credit across the value chain2. Minimizing cascading effect of taxation3. Simplification of tax administration and compliance4. Harmonization of tax base, laws, and administration procedures across the country5. Minimizing tax rate slabs to avoid classification issues6. Prevention of unhealthy competition among states7. Increasing the tax base and raising compliance.Implementation challenges:-1. Lack of adaptation2. Lack of trained staff3. Double registration can increase compliance and cost4. Lack of clear mechanism to control tax evasion5. Hard to estimate the exact impact of GST.For more knowledge regarding Implementation click here.Impact on inflation:-Under the proposed GST, effective tax rate on goods (comprising around 70-75 per cent of the CPI basket) will decline.A significant proportion (35-40 per cent) of goods (majorly agriculture products) are not subject to tax and we expect a status quo in future.At present, services-oriented components constitute ~25-30 per cent of the CPI basket with a major share belonging to housing, transport and communication sector. Service tax is not imposed on certain (12 per cent of the CPI basket) services and these services are expected remain exempt under GST regime. A hike in tax rate on services is unlikely to have any material direct impact on CPI. For more knowledge about the impact of GST click here.

AustraliaChartered accountants in Australia belong to the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia and use the designatory letters CA. Some senior members (at least 10 years' membership) of the Institute may be elected Fellows and use the letters FCA. Of equal legal status and recognition in Australia as Qualified Professional Accountants are Institute of Public Accountants (IPA) and CPA AustraliaBangladeshThe Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) is the national professional accounting body of Bangladesh. Established in 1973, it is the sole organization with the right to award the chartered accountant designation in Bangladesh. Senior members (at least 5 years' membership) of the Institute are called Fellow members and use the letters FCA. In recent years, ACCA qualification becomes very popular in the Bangladesh and other SAARC countries.BermudaThe Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bermuda works with the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and is the sole organisation in Bermuda with the right to award the chartered accountant designation.[8]CanadaIn Canada, chartered accountants belong to the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants ("CICA") by way of membership in at least one provincial/territorial institute (or orderin Quebec). In order to become a CA, a candidate requires an undergraduate degree plus experience and, depending on the province, additional education. Candidates in all provinces are required to pass the 3-day Uniform Evaluation ("UFE"). As of January 2013, Canadian CA's have adopted the CPA (Chartered Professional Accountant) designation. Now CA, CGA and CMA (all three accounting bodies in Canada) are in process of unification.Czech RepublicIn the Czech Republic, chartered accountants are generally members of Institute of Chartered Accountants of the Czech Republic and use the designatory letters CA (chartered accountant) or CAE (chartered accountant expert). Chartered accountants may also be members of the Chamber of the Chartered Accountants.In recent years, ACCA qualification becomes very popular in the Czech Republic and other CEE countries.European UnionUnder the Mutual Recognition Directive, EEA and Swiss nationals holding a professional qualification can become members of the equivalent bodies in another member state. They must, however, pass an aptitude test in understanding local conditions (which for accountants will include local tax and company law variations).The local title is however not available for use if the professional does not choose to join the local professional body. For example a holder of the French 'expert comptable' qualification could practise as an accountant in England without taking a local test but could only describe him/herself as "expert comptable (France)" not "chartered accountant". Within the EEA, only the UK and Ireland have bodies that issue the chartered accountant title.IndiaIn India, chartered accountants are regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India which was established by the Chartered Accountants Act 1949. Prior to 1949, Restricted State Auditors were registered with the respective princely states and British provincial state governments. Associate members of the ICAI are entitled to use the prefix 'CA' to their name. Members who are in full-time practice, and have completed 5 years of practice, can add 'FCA' as a prefix to their names.As of April 2014, ICAI had nearly 230,000 registered members.Entry to the profession can be by taking the CPT after completion of schooling (12th grade). Alternatively, graduates may take the Intermediate exam.The intermediate examination is divided into 2 groups of subjects. On clearing the first group of the IPC level, the student has to get training as an articled assistant for three years in a Chartered firm. In the third year of training, before taking the final exam, trainees have the option to work in any industry. A comprehensive 100 hours Information Technology training and an orientation programme for soft skills development have to be completed before being articled.For overall development, the student has to undergo two training courses in soft skills and communication, named GMCS I & GMCS II, which usually last for fifteen days each. GMCS-I has to be completed within 1 year of being articled, while GMCS-II and advanced Information Technology training have to be completed in the final year of articleship or can be undertaken after the exams.IrelandIn Ireland, chartered accountants are generally members of Chartered Accountants Ireland and use the designatory letters ACA or FCA. Chartered accountants may also be members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales or the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.NepalIn Nepal, the profession of chartered accountancy is regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nepal ICAN which was established by Parliament under the Chartered Accountants Act 1997.After completion of three level of examination CAP I, CAP II, and CAP III with 3 years of Articleship Training under qualified CA, one can get the membership of ICAN and with the COP one can practice as professional body.New ZealandIn New Zealand, chartered accountants belong to the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants and use the designatory letters CA. Some senior members may be elected Fellows and use the letters FCA.There is also a mid-tier qualification called associate chartered accountant with the designatory letters ACA. Associate chartered accountants are not eligible to hold a Certificate of Public Practice and therefore cannot offer services to the public.SingaporeThe Chartered Accountant of Singapore (CA (Singapore)) title is protected under the Singapore Accountancy Commission (SAC) Act and the Singapore Qualification Programme (Singapore QP), a pathway to obtain the CA (Singapore) designation is owned by the SAC, a statutory body of the Singapore Government. The Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA) is a designated entity in the SAC Act and confers the CA (Singapore) designation on behalf of SAC.The Singapore QP comprises 3 components, namely: academic base, professional programme and practical experience. To attain the CA (Singapore) designation, Candidates will have to complete 3 years of relevant practical work experience, under the supervision of an Approved Mentor, and with a Training Agreement at an Accredited Training Organisation (ATO) .The ISCA is also the Administrator of the Singapore QP. ISCA works closely with the SAC in raising the profile of the Singapore QP, helping it to attain international recognition, and promote it as the educational pathway of choice for professional accountants.South AfricaIn South Africa, SAICA (South African Institute of Chartered Accountants) regulates the CA (SA) designation (chartered accountant (South Africa).To qualify as a CA (SA) one requires a specialised bachelor's degree in accounting, followed by a Certificate in the Theory of Accounting, or CTA; depending on the university, this is offered as a postgraduate honours degree, or as a postgraduate diploma. This formal education is followed by two external exams set by SAICA. The first one being ITC (Initial test of competence) [ITC since 2013; previously, Qualifying Exam 1 - QE1) usually written before starting articles and the second being APC (Assessment of professional competence) [APC was written for the first time in Nov 2014 - it used to be called Professional Practice Exam - PPE] usually written at the end of year 2 of articles.A separate registration is needed for chartered accountants wishing to act as auditors in public practice, namely the RA (Registered Auditor). The RA designation is conferred by IRBA (Independent Regulatory Board For Auditors), (previously known as PAAB (Public Accountants and Auditors Board) in terms of the Auditing Profession Act (AP Act).[11]Candidates must complete three years of practical experience, working for a registered training office - the Training In Public Practice (TIPP) programme. Articled clerks who switch employers during this period are required to extend their training by six months. The Training Outside Public Practice (TOPP) programme has a financial managementfocus; TOPP trainees can thus become chartered accountants with a more limited knowledge and experience of auditing than those who undergo the TIPP programme, but with a more extensive financial management and business experience than the TIPP learners.Chartered accountants who are not registered auditors may not act as or hold out to be auditors in public practice. However, the AP Act does not prohibit non-RAs from using the description 'internal auditor' or 'accountant' or from auditing a not-for-profit club, institution or association if he or she receives no fee for such audit.In South Africa the Companies Act was replaced, with effect July 2010, to allow companies without a public interest to choose between an audit or an independent review. A review is not an attest function and will be performed by Accountants who are members of bodies that are registered in terms of the Close Corporations Act of 1984, which include SAIBA, CIMA, SAICA, SAIPA and ACCA.Sri LankaChartered accountants in Sri Lanka belong to the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (CA Sri Lanka) and use the designatory letters ACA. Some senior members of the Institute may be elected Fellows and use the letters FCA.United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates Chartered Accountant (UAECA) designation is awarded to members of Accountants and Auditors Association of United Arab Emirates. ACCA have signed a long-term strategic partnership agreement with the prestigious local accountancy body of UAE – AAA (Accountants and Auditors Association) to enhance the finance sector in the UAE. This unique partnership between ACCA and AAA will give access to a national qualification making skills and knowledge globally and locally relevant. ACCA member is eligible to apply for membership of AAA. This partnership supports the government’s initiative to develop the accountancy & finance profession.United KingdomIn the UK there are no licence requirements for individuals to describe themselves or to practise as accountants, however direct registration with the HMRC is required in order to act on behalf of a client. Those who use the description "chartered accountant" must be members of one of the following organisations:the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales (ICAEW) (designatory letters ACA or FCA)the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) (designatory letters CA)Chartered Accountants Ireland (CAI) (designatory letters ACA or FCA)a recognised equivalent body in another Commonwealth country (designatory letters being CA (name of country) e.g. CA (Canada))(Although other UK accounting bodies were also formed by Royal Charter, they grant separate designations to their members.)The three Institutes above admit members, who become chartered accountants, only after passing examinations and undergoing a period of relevant work experience. The ICAEW requires that students complete 15 examinations as well as 450 days of relevant work experience. Once admitted, members are expected to comply with ethical guidelines and gain appropriate continuing professional development. Fully qualified members of the ICAEW and CAI earn the designation ACA (Associate Chartered Accountant). After 10 years' membership, members are invited to apply for fellowship of their Institute and earn the designation FCA (fellow chartered accountant).Chartered accountants who engage in public practice work (i.e. providing services to the public rather than acting as an employee) must gain a "practising certificate" by meeting further requirements such as purchasing adequate insurance and undergoing regular inspections.Chartered accountants holding practising certificates may also become "Registered Auditors", providing they can demonstrate the necessary professional ability in that area. A Registered Auditor is able to perform statutory financial audits in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.Further restrictions apply to accountants who work as insolvency practitioners.United StatesThe approximate equivalent in the United States is the Certified Public Accountant (CPA).List of institutes of chartered accountantsBahamas Institute of Chartered AccountantsCanadian Institute of Chartered AccountantsChartered Accountants IrelandInstitute of Chartered Accountants of AustraliaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of BarbadosInstitute of Chartered Accountants of BelizeInstitute of Chartered Accountants of BermudaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of the Eastern CaribbeanInstitute of Chartered Accountants in England & WalesInstitute of Chartered Accountants of GhanaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of GuyanaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of IndiaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of JamaicaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of NamibiaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of NepalInstitute of Chartered Accountants of NigeriaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of PakistanInstitute of Chartered Accountants of ScotlandInstitute of Chartered Accountants of Sierra LeoneInstitute of Singapore Chartered AccountantsInstitute of Chartered Accountants of Sri LankaInstitute of Chartered Accountants of Trinidad and TobagoInstitute of Chartered Accountants of ZimbabweNew Zealand Institute of Chartered AccountantsSouth African Institute of Chartered AccountantsInstitute of Chartered Accountants of BangladeshZambia Institute of Chartered AccountantsSource : Chartered AccountantA2A