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the list is very longMany fascinating people have been engineers or have an engineeringbackground. As the list below shows, engineers are not just researchers,designers, and inventors. They are also artists, Super Bowl winners, astronauts,Olympians, heads of state, and even Academy Award recipients!Famous people who are also engineers or have an engineering bac kground :Scott Adams - cartoonist and creator of "Dilbert" - read an interview withhim in Prism MagazineYasser Arafat - Palestinian leader and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.hGraduated as a civil engineer from the University of Cairo.Neil Alden Armstrong - became the first man to walk on the moon onJuly 20, 1969, at 10:56 p.m. EDT. He and "Buzz" Aldren spent about twoand one-half hours walking on the moon, while pilot Michael Collinswaited above in the Apollo 11 command module. Armstrong received hisB.S. in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University and an M.S. inaerospace engineering from the University of Southern California.Rowan Atkinson - A British comedian, best known for his starring rolesin the television series "Blackadde"r and "Mr. Bean," and several filmsincluding Four Weddings And A Funeral. Atkinson attended firstManchester then Oxford University on an electrical engineering degree.Leonid Brezhnev - leader of the former Soviet Union, metallurgicalengineer.Alexander Calder - a native of Pennsylvania, received his degree inmechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken,New Jersey, and shortly thereafter moved to Paris, where he studied artand began to create his now-famous mobiles. Many of his largesculptures are on permanent outdoor display at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, where the first major retrospective of his workwas held in 1950.Frank Capra - film director - "It Happened One Night", "Mr. Smith Goesto Washington", "It's a Wonderful Life" - college degree in chemicalengineering.Jimmy Carter - 39th President of the United States. Attended GeorgiaSouthwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology andreceived a B.S. degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1946.In the Navy he became a submariner, serving in both the Atlantic andPacific fleets and rising to the rank of lieutenant. Chosen by AdmiralHyman Rickover for the nuclear submarine program, he was assigned toSchenectady, N.Y., where he took graduate work at Union College inreactor technology and nuclear physics and served as senior officer ofthe pre-commissioning crew of the Seawolf.Roger Corman -film director, industrial engineering degree from StanfordUniversity. He started direct involvement in films in 1953 as a producerand screenwriter, making his debut as director in 1955. Between thenand his official retirement in 1971 he directed dozens of films, often asmany as six or seven per year, typically shot extremely quickly onleftover sets from other, larger productions. His probably unbeatablerecord for a professional 35mm feature film was twodays and a night to shoot the original version of "TheLittle Shop of Horrors".Leonardo Da Vinci - Florentine artist, one of the great masters of theHigh Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer,and scientist. His profound love of knowledge and research was thekeynote of both his artistic and scientific endeavors. His innovations inthe field of painting influenced the course of Italian art for more than acentury after his death, and his scientific studies - particularly in thefields of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics - anticipated many of thedevelopments of modern science.Thomas Edison - Edison patented 1,093 inventions in his lifetime,earning him the nickname "The Wizard of Menlo Park." The mostfamous of his inventions was an incandescent lightbulb. Besides the light bulb, Edison developed thephonograph and the kinetoscope, a small box forviewing moving films. He also improved upon theoriginal design of the stock ticker, the telegraph, andAlexander Graham Bell's telephone. Edison wasquoted as saying, "Genius is one percent inspirationand 99 percent perspiration."Lillian Gilbreth - is considered a pioneer in the field of time-and-motionstudies, showing companies how to increase efficiency and productionthrough budgeting of time, energy, and money. Dr. Gilbreth received herPh.D. in psychology from Brown University and was a professor atPurdue's School of Mechanical Engineering, Newark School ofEngineering and the University of Wisconsin. She is "Member No. 1" ofthe Society of Women Engineers. She and her husband used theirindustrial engineering skills to run their household, and those efforts arethe subject of the book and family film "Cheaper by the Dozen."Roberto C. Goizueta - former chairman and chief executive of Coca-Cola. Chemical engineering degree from Yale University.Herbie Hancock - jazz musician.Alfred Hitchcock - British-born American director andproducer of many brilliantly contrived films, most ofthem psychological thrillers including "Psycho", "TheBirds", "Rear Window", and "North by Northwest." Hewas born in London and trained there as an engineerat Saint Ignatius College. Although Hitchcock neverwon an Academy Award for his direction, he receivedthe Irving Thalberg Award of the Academy of MotionPicture Arts and Sciences in 1967 and the AmericanFilm Institute's Life Achievement Award in 1979. During the final year ofhis life, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, even though he had longbeen a naturalized citizen of the United States.Herbert Hoover - having graduated from Stanford University in California,Hoover was a 26 -year-old mining engineer in Tientsin, China, when thecity was attacked by 5,000 Chinese troops and 25,000 members of themartial arts group known as the Boxers. (The Boxer Rebellion was aviolent 1900 uprising against foreign business interests in China.)Hoover took charge of setting up barricades to protect Tientsin until itsrescue after 28 days of bombardment. Thirty years later, Herbert Hooverbecame the 31st President of the United States; he and his wifecontinued to speak Chinese when they wanted privacy in the WhiteHouse.Lee Iacocca - former chairman and CEO of Chrysler Corp. Iacoccagraduated from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1945 and receiveda master's degree in engineering from Princeton University in 1946. Bestknown for his helmsmanship at Chrysler Motors, Iacocca started out asa sales manager at the Ford Motor Co. in 1946 and by 1970 waspresident of the company. Joining Chrysler in 1978, Iacocca helped dragthe troubled company from the brink of extinction by helping secure$1.5 billion in government loans. Iacocca's legendary status in theautomobile industry is reinforced by his role in the introduction of thatAmerican icon: the Ford Mustang. He was also one of the first CEOs toproselytise his company's products on national television with the K carcampaign.Bill Koch - yachtsman and winning America's Cup captain in 1992 , aswell as the chairman of the America3 Foundation.Tom Landry - former Dallas Cowboys coach.Hedy Lamarr - a famous 1940s actress not formally trained as anengineer, Lamarr is credited with several sophisticated inventions,among them a unique anti-jamming device for use against Nazi radar.Years after her patent had expired, Sylvania adapted the design for adevice that today speeds satellite communications around the world.She is also credited with the line: "Any girl can be glamorous. All youhave to do is stand still and look stupid."Jair Lynch - 1992 and 1996 Olympic gymnast. Civil Engineering degreefrom Stanford University.Arthur Nielsen - developer of Nielsen rating system.Tom Scholtz - leader of the rock band Boston. Master's degree fromMIT in mechanical engineering.John Sununu - former White House Chief of Staff for President GeorgeBush, former governor of New Hampshire, current CNN commentator on" Crossfire ."Boris Yeltsin - former president of Russia.John F. Welch, Jr . - received his engineeringundergraduate degree in his home-state at theUniversity of Massachusetts. After he earned hisPh.D. in chemical engineering from the University ofIllinois, he accepted a job offer from General Electric.The rest is history -- he became chairman and CEOof General Electric in 1981.Montel Williams - a highly decorated former Naval engineer and NavalIntelligence Officer, he is now an author of inspirational books and hostof a popular syndicated television talk show.Famous EngineersEdwin Howard Armstrong - His crowning achievement (1933) was theinvention of wide-band frequency modulation, now known as FM radio.Armstrong earned a degree in electrical engineering from ColumbiaUniversity in 1913.Alexander Graham Bell , inventor of the telephone.He also worked in medical research and inventedtechniques for teaching speech to the deaf. In 1888he founded the National Geographic Society.Henry Bessemer - English inventor and engineer who invented the firstprocess for mass-producing steel inexpensively - essential to thedevelopment of skyscrapers.Joseph Armand Bombardier - manufacturer of the first successfulsnowmobile.Philip Condit - CEO, The Boeing Company, mechanical/aeronauticalengineering.American engineer and inventor Willis Haviland Carrier developed theformulae and equipment that made air conditioning possible. Carrierattended Cornell University and graduated with an M.E. in 1901.William D. Coolidge's name is inseparably linked with the X-ray tube -popularly called the 'Coolidge tube.' This invention completelyrevolutionized the generation of X-rays and remains to this day themodel upon which all X-ray tubes for medical applications arepatterned. Coolidge, born in Hudson, Mass., graduated from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology in 1896, majoring in electricalengineering. At General Electric, he invented ductile tungsten, thefilament material still used in lamps, and worked on high-qualitymagnetic steel, improved ventilating fans and the electric blanket.Seymour Cray - After a brief service during World War II, he went to theUniversity of Minnesota where he studied engineering. In 1951 he joinedEngineering Research Associates, which was developing computers forthe Navy. Later he co-founded Control Data Corporation, and in 1972 hefounded CRAY Research. Seymour Cray unveiled the CRAY-1 in 1976,considered the first supercomputer.George de Mestral -attended the Ecole Polytechnique Federale deLausanne, Switzerland where he graduated as an electrical engineer. In1955 the "hook and loop fastener" he created was patented under thename Velcro which was derived from two French words: velour andcrochet ("velvet" and "hooks").Though best known for his invention of the pressure-ignited heat enginethat bears his name, the French-born Rudolf Diesel was also an eminentthermal engineer.Ray Dolby - audio system innovator and founder ofDolby Laboratories. His technical expertise has wonhim both an Academy Award and a Grammy!Bonnie Dunbar - NASA astronaut who earned her B.S. and M.S. degreesin ceramic engineering from the University of Washington and adoctorate in mechanical/biomedical engineering from the University ofHouston. While working at Rockwell International, Dr. Dunbar helped todevelop the ceramic tiles that enable space shuttles to survive re-entry.She has had an opportunity to test those tiles first hand as a four-timeastronaut, including a stint on the first shuttle mission to dock with theRussian Space Station Mir.Reginald A. (Aubrey) Fessenden - Canadian-born American physicist andelectrical engineer who is known for his early work in wirelesscommunication. He began his research at the University of Pittsburgh;after designing a high-frequency alternator, he broadcast (1906) the firstprogram of speech and music ever transmitted by radio. That sameyear, he established two-way transatlantic wireless telegraphcommunication. Fessenden also invented the heterodyne system ofradio reception, the sonic depth finder, the radio compass, submarinesignaling devices, the smoke cloud (for tank warfare), and theturboelectric drive (for battleships).Sir Sanford Fleming - a civil engineer and scientist, played a key role indeveloping the Canadian railway system and created the worldwidesystem of standard time.Henry Ford held many patents on automotive mechanisms but is bestremembered for helping devise the factory assembly approach toproduction that revolutionized the auto industry by greatly reducing thetime required to assemble a car. Born in Wayne County, Mich., Fordshowed an early interest in mechanics, constructing his first steamengine at the age of 15. In 1891, Ford became an engineer with theEdison Illuminating Company in Detroit. He became Chief Engineer in1893 and this position allowed him to devote attention to his personalexperiments on internal combustion engines. In 1893 he built his firstinternal combustion engine, a small one-cylinder gasoline model, and in1896 he built his first automobile. In June 1903, Ford helped establishFord Motor Company. He served as president of Ford from 1906 to 1919and from 1943 to 1945.Jay W. Forrester was a pioneer in early digital computer developmentand invented random-access, coincident-current magnetic storage,which became the standard memory device for digital computers. Hereceived a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1939 from theUniversity of Nebraska and a M.S. degree from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology in 1945.Yuan-Cheng Fung - Fung is widely recognized as the father ofbiomechanics, having established the fundamentals of biomechanicalproperties in many of the human body's organs and tissues. He foundedthe bioengineering program at the University of California, San Diego. InNovember 2001 he became the first bioengineer to receive thePresident's National Medal of Science, the nation's highest scientifichonor.Robert Hutchings Goddard pioneered modern rocketryand space flight and founded a whole field of scienceand engineering. Goddard's interest in rockets beganin 1899, when he was 17. He conducted static testswith small solid-fuel rockets at Worcester Tech asearly as 1908, and in 1912 he developed the detailedmathematical theory of rocket propulsion. In 1915 heproved that rocket engines could produce thrust in avacuum and therefore make space flight possible. Hesucceeded in developing several types of solid-fuel rockets to be firedfrom handheld or tripod-mounted launching tubes, which were the basisof the bazooka and other powerful rocket weapons of World War II. Atthe time of his death Goddard held 214 patents in rocketry.Andrew Grove - co-founder, Intel, chemical engineer.William Hewlett and David Packard , co-founders of Hewlett-Packard.Beulah Louise Henry was known in the 1920s and 30s as "the ladyEdison" for the many inventions she patented, including a vacuum icecream freezer, a typewriter that made multiple copies without carbonpaper, and a bobbinless lockstitch sewing machine. Henry foundedmanufacturing companies to produce her creations, making a fortune inthe process.Grace Murray Hopper, a computer engineer and RearAdmiral in the U.S. Navy, developed the firstcomputer compiler in 1952 and the computerprogram language COBOL. Upon discovering that amoth had jammed the works of an early computer,Hopper popularized the term "bug." In 1983, byspecial presidential appointment, Hopper waspromoted to the rank of Commodore. Two yearslater, she became one of the first women to beelevated to the rank of Rear Admiral. In 1986, afterforty-three years of service, RADM Grace Hopperceremoniously retired on the deck of the USSConstitution. At 80 years, she was the oldest active duty officer at thattime. She spent the remainder of her life as a senior consultant toDigital Equipment Corporation. Hopper received numerous honors overthe course of her lifetime. In 1969, the Data Processing ManagementAssociation awarded her the first Computer Science Man-of-the-YearAward. She became the first person from the United States and the firstwoman to be made a Distinguished Fellow of the British ComputerSociety in 1973. She also received multiple honorary doctorates fromuniversities across the nation. The Navy christened a ship in her honor.In September 1991, she was awarded the National Medal of Technology,the nation's highest honor in engineering and technology.Clarence "Kelly" Johnson - played a leading role inthe design of more than 40 aircraft and set up aSkunk Works-type operation to develop a Lockheedsatellite--the Agena-D--that became the nation'sworkhorse in space. His achievements over almostsix decades captured every major aviation designaward and the highest civilian honors of the U.S.government and made him an aerospace legend. Hewas elected to the National Academy of Sciences in1965, was enshrined in the National Aviation Hall ofFame in 1974, and was awarded the the Medal ofFreedom in 1964 by President Lyndon Johnsonrecognizing, his "significant contributions to the quality of Americanlife."Bill Joy - co-founder of Sun Microsystems, electrical engineer. Hereceived a B.S.E.E. in electrical engineering from the University ofMichigan in 1975, after which he attended graduate school at U.C.Berkeley where he was the principal designer of Berkeley UNIX (BSD)and received a M.S. in electrical engineering and computer science. TheBerkeley version of UNIX became the standard in education andresearch, garnering development support from DARPA, and was notablefor introducing virtual memory and Internet working using TCP/IP toUNIX. In 1997, Joy was appointed by President Clinton as co-chairmanof the Presidential Information Technology Advisory Committee.Jack Kilby - inventor of the integrated circuit. Kilby received a B.S.E.E.degree from the University of Illinois in 1947 and an M.S.E.E. from theUniversity of Wisconsin in 1950. In 2000, he received the Nobel Prize inPhysics for his work with the integrated circuit.William LeMessurier - structural designer of the Citicorp building,structural engineer.Elijah McCoy was a Black inventor who was awardedover 57 patents. The son of runaway slaves fromKentucky, he was born in Canada and lived there asa youth. Educated in Scotland as a mechanicalengineer he returned to Detroit and in 1872 inventeda lubricator for steam engines. His new oiling devicerevolutionized the industrial machine industry byallowing machines to remain in motion while beingoiled. This device, although imitated by otherdesigners, was so successful that people inspectingnew equipment would ask if it contained the realMcCoy.Guglielmo Marconi - The "Father of Radio" - Marconi received manyhonors including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909.James Morgan - CEO, Applied Materials, mechanical engineer. In 1996he received the National Medal of Technology for his industry leadershipand for his vision in building Applied Materials into the world's leadingsemiconductor equipment company, a major exporter and a globaltechnology pioneer which helps enable the Information Age.Bill Nye - worked for Boeing before he became the "science guy",Mechanical engineering degree from Cornell University.Kevin Olmstead - world-record game show payoff winner - $2,180,000winner, "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?" - and environmental engineer.After acquiring chemical engineering degrees from Case WesternReserve University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Olmstead earned a doctorate degree in environmental engineering fromthe University of Michigan. He also taught civil and environmentalengineering and is currently a senior project engineer with Tetra TechMPS, an international consulting firm specializing in infrastructure andcommunications systems.Kenneth Olsen - inventor of magnetic core memory, co-founder, DigitalEquipment Corporation. After serving in the Navy between 1944 and1946, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where heearned a B.S. (1950) and an M.A. (1952) in electrical engineering.Arati Prabhakar - director, National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce. Prabhakar wasappointed the 10th NIST Director in May 1993. NIST promotes U.S.economic growth by working with industry to develop and applytechnology, measurements, and standards. Previously, Prabhakar servedas director of the Microelectronics Technology Office in the DefenseDepartment's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). She holdsthe distinction of being the first woman with a doctorate from theCalifornia Institute of Technology, and was also the youngest director ofthe institute.Ludwig Prandtl - the father of fluid mechanics, mechanical engineer.Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. - former CEO of Pfizer, Inc., electrical engineer.Judith Resnik - Challenger astronaut, electrical engineer. Received abachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970 and a doctorate in electrical engineering fromthe University of Maryland in 1977.Hyman G. Rickover - the "Father ofthe Nuclear Navy" he led thedevelopment of the Navy nuclearsubmarine fleet. Masters inelectrical engineering fromColumbia University. During WorldWar II, he headed the electricalsection of the Navy's Bureau ofShips, and in 1946 was enlisted intothe U.S. atomic program. The nextyear he returned to the Navy tomanage its nuclear-propulsionprogram. Regarded as a fanatic byhis detractors, he completed theworld's first nuclear submarine--theUSS Nautilus--ahead of schedule in1955. While continuing his work with the Navy, he helped build the firstmajor civilian nuclear power plant at Shippingport, PA. Always anoutspoken advocate of U.S. nuclear supremacy, he was promoted to therank of vice admiral in 1959 and admiral in 1973. He retired from theNavy in 1982 after serving as an officer for a record 63 years.Throughout his long naval career his decorations included theDistinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Navy CommendationMedal, two Congressional Gold Medals, as well as the title of HonoraryCommander of the Military Division of the Most Excellent Order of theBritish Empire. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter presented him thePresidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest non-military honor.Norbert Rillieux - revolutionized in the sugar industry by inventing arefining process that reduced the time, cost, and safety risk involved inproducing sugar from cane and beets. His inventions protected lives byending the older dangerous methods of sugar production. As the son ofa French planter/inventor and a slave mother, Norbert Rillieux was bornin New Orleans, LA. He was educated at the L'Ecole Central in Paris,France in 1830, were he studied evaporating engineering and served asan educator.Washington Roebling - completed the Brooklyn Bridge which was startedby his father, civil engineer.Katherine Stinson - the first female graduate of NCState University's College of Engineering. Initiallydenied admission as a freshman, Stinson went on tobecome one of NC State's most distinguished andactive alumni. Graduating vice president of her class,she was soon hired by the Civil AeronauticsAdministration as its first female engineer. Later, sheserved as technical assistant chief in its Engineeringand Manufacturing Division until her retirement in 1973. She went on tofound the Society of Women Engineers.Nikola Tesla - invented the induction motor with rotating magnetic fieldthat made unit drives for machines feasible and made AC powertransmission an economic necessity.Stephen Timoshenko - the father of engineering mechanics, engineeringscientist.Theodore von Karman - Dr. von Karman was one of the world's foremostaerodynamicsts and scientists and is widely recognized as the father ofmodern aerospace science. He was a professor of aeronautics at theCalifornia Institute of Technology and was one of the principal foundersof NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.George Westinghouse - invented a system of air brakes that made travelby train safe and built one of the greatest electric manufacturingorganizations in the United States. In 1886, he founded theWestinghouse Electric Company, foreseeing the possibilities ofalternating current as opposed to direct current, which was limited to aradius of two or three miles. Westinghouse enlisted the services ofNikola Tesla and other inventors in the development of alternatingcurrent motors and apparatus for the transmission of high-tensioncurrent, pioneering large-scale municipal lighting.American inventor, pioneer, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer EliWhitney is best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin. He alsoaffected the industrial development of the United States when, inmanufacturing muskets for the government, he translated the concept ofinterchangeable parts into a manufacturing system, giving birth to theAmerican mass-production concept.Steve Wozniak cofounded Apple Computer, Inc. in1976 with the Apple I computer. Wozniak's Apple IIpersonal computer - introduced in 1977 and featuringa central processing unit (CPU), keyboard, floppydisk drive, and a $1,300 price tag - helped launch thePC industry. In 1980, just a little more than four yearsafter being founded, Apple went public. Wozniak leftApple in 1981 and went back to Berkeley and finishedhis degree in electrical engineering/computerscience. Since then, he has been involved in variousbusiness and philanthropic ventures, focusingprimarily on computer capabilities in schools,including an initiative in 1990 to place computers in schools in theformer Soviet Union.

1 Introduction The scales of potential war outcomes are changing, and while the United States on paper and on the seas appears to be the greatest war machine ever constructed, it might be wise to re-appraise the existing and developing situation given the emergence of the new military technologies and in the light of the reality that it takes economic strength to continue to fund military superiority.2 Background2.1 World wars are won by the nation with the greatest economy, not by the best technology The great Italian-born American immigrant sociologist Abraham Fimo Kenneth Organski (1923–1998) [see A. F. K. Organski - Wikipedia] produced several ground-breaking original books advancing this topic, often with his co-author Jacek Kugler (1942-now) [See Jacek Kugler - Wikipedia]. Neither of these Wikipedia bios pays due attention to the origins and development of Power Transition Theory (although Power transition theory - Wikipedia is a bit better) which mentions the period of hegemonic ascendancy as 60 to 90 years. Also see Foundations of Power Transition Theory - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of PoliticsGermany had the most advanced rocket technology but the V1 and V2 bombs did not change the outcome of the war. US manufacturing capability did.The foundation by AFK Organski and US development of an American consultancy originally called Transition Insights Inc but now apparently reborn as the Transrescarch Consortium (see TransResearch Consortium) has previously been of some assistance to the US Department of Defence. These companies were previously reported to have and probably still have a computer model which usefully predicts not only the probable outcome of two-sided military conflicts but also the likely duration of a war once it begins.See my take on these situations at the now out-of-date articles, the first from July 20 2014How Economic Understanding Could Save The World – George Tait Edwards – Medium and the second from July 24 2014How intelligent political action could avoid nuclear war indefinitelyThe first article sets out the challenger vs hegemonic leader position while the second lists and discusses the ten key background books to this subject, from Lewis Fry Richardson’s three books written from 1939–1950 to Rapkin and Thompson’s Transition Scenarios — China and the United States in the Twenty-First Century, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2013.You should note from my second article quoted above that“Power Transition theory is one of the most powerful intellectual tools for policy makers to understand the dynamics of world politics in this century.” SeePower Transitions: Strategies for the 21st Century (CQ Press, 2000) p182The second and third paragraph of that chapter more fully illustrates that point:“The Theory has three unique characteristics. It has a strong empirical base that has been subjected to rigorous testing against two centuries’ worth of data. Its theoretical description of the world is consistent with real political events and policies. And it provides insights insights into the future that can guide policymakers in their international management roles.“With breadth and versatility, Power Transition accounts equally well for both world wars, the Cold War and the post-Cold War Era. It is applicable to the prenuclear and nuclear ages. It merges economic and security factors into one argument. It is a general theory of world politics that forms the basis of a grand strategy.”Power Transitions: Strategies for the 21st Century (CQ Press, 2000) p182Although I do believe the American Defence Department used the Organski-Kugler model in Decision Insights Inc to predict the outcome and duration of recent wars, for some reason this is not highlighted in the literature.The American hegemonic dominance from 1945–2014 is now ended because the major finding of Power Transition Theory - that wars are usually won by the strongest economy - now seems indisputable.American politicians no longer have the power to shape the world’s economies. and POTUS Trump appears to recognise that. And the universities of the West do not not highlight or teach power transition theory despite it being one of the most useful descriptions and predictors of war probabilities and outcomes available to politicians.2.2 The Phoenix Factor: Even if World Wars Are Lost by the Nations With Great Economic Understanding, These Nations Win The PeaceOrganski and Kugler recognised in their books the presence of a “Phoenix Factor” by which a defeated nation was stimulated to rise rapidly from war destruction to a high level of economic development. There are two obvious examples of that after WWII.Japan, losing the war, rose like an Asian phoenix to become the second greatest industrial power in the world by 1972. That rise was due to the implementation within Japan of the understandings of Dr Osamu Shimomura. SeeHow Japan Zoomed From War Devastation into Prosperity 1945–52 andDr Osamu Shimomura (1910–89) — His Major AchievementsGermany, losing the war, rose like a European phoenix to become the dominant industrial power in Europe, commanding the European Union. That rise was due to the public Sparkeassen Banking System which helps the creation and development of Germany’s high tech SMEs. See Section 2.4 below.It is a pity that Oganski and Kugler did not identify a “Smugness Factor” or the capability of the WWII winners not only to rest on their oars but to destroy through Republican/Conservative financial constriction the circumstances of manufacturing capability which had produced their victories.2.3 Military Capability Depends Upon Economic Strength, Particularly Industrial Strength And The USA No Longer Possesses ThatThe capability to afford a large world-dominating navy depends upon the economic strength of the nation to continue to afford the sizeable continuing costs of that navy. The continual financial cuts have produced a technologically great US Navy without the voted funds to continue its dominance either in the number of ships or their high-tech quality. The USA is following the UK path to military minimisation.American manufacturing industry is only about 40% of the size of Chinese industry. SeeGeorge Tait Edwards's answer to How can you compare the industrial strength of nations?2.4 Where Leaders Do Not Rule Their Countries In The Interests Of ALL Their People, Economic Decline and consequently low levels of innovation Are InevitableThe long-run capability of any economy to develop depends upon the wealth of the people. The workers or the people do not just win wars but their inventiveness and innovations are the source of the future prosperity of all countries.The innovation level in the UK and the USA is only about one “world champion” per million people because both of these countries prioritise tax cuts for the rich above allocating the gains from annual economic growth to the workers. Germany creates about 16 (and more recently, about 20) champions per million people through its Sparkassen Public Banking System which funds SME creation and development.This is not an opinion, it is an observation, and a calculation. See this table, based upon the research of Hermann Simon into “Hidden Champions” - seeHidden champions - WikipediaSource: Calculated by me from “Hidden Champions” dataThe innovation level in the USA and UK and in the EU countries of France and Italy lies between 1.0 and 1.2 “hidden champion” innovations per million people while the nations with Germanic SME-supporting Sparkassen banking traditions have a world champion creation rate of between 13.8 and 16.2 champions per million people. That German tradition is responsible for the great export performance of GermanyIncidentally, you should not necessarily believe the low score of China on the above table. Hermann Simon has definitionally defined champions at a level which excludes many large SMEs, which are naturally much larger in China than elsewhere in the world. SeeHow China Surpasses The EU and the USA, or The Seven Pre-Requisites for High-Growth Shimomuran…andGeorge Tait Edwards's answer to Why is China more outstanding in its economic growth than a having political figures like in Europe and the US? and readGeorge Tait Edwards's answer to What did China get right in its economic and social development which the US got wrong? and seeGeorge Tait Edwards's answer to Why is China the fastest-growing economy?China only seems to have about two-thirds of the development and economic growth it could have if more local banks funded more innovation particularly in China’s western provinces.2.4.1 The Mandate of HeavenSee George Tait Edwards's answer to How did philosophical differences arise concerning the proper role of government in society of China?Obeying the Mandate of Heaven involves all the people in creating higher growth.2.4.2 The “Inevitability” of Rule by the RichOswald Spengler (1880-1936) in his book The Decline of the West, two volumes, Vol 1 1918 and revised 1922, Vol 2, 1923 put forward the view that the capture of democratic systems by monied interests was the inevitable destination of all the “democracies”. The Wikipedia summary (The Decline of the West - Wikipedia) of some of Spengler's summaries of trends are prescient. For example he says, according to the Wikipedia summary of his book"Spengler notes that the greater the concentration of wealth in individuals, the more the fight for political power revolves around questions of money. One cannot even call this corruption or degeneracy, because this is in fact the necessary end of mature democratic systems."(source quoted above)While that has certainly happened in the UK and the USA, it is the denial of democracy to allow rich individuals to have the overweening power to determine political decisions in their financial favour. That hasn’t happened in ChinaSee George Tait Edwards's answer to Is China the best example of world economic growth?but it has in the USA and UK.The rule of governments purely in the interests of the rich is a major feature in the UK and the USA and is perhaps the central intention of the Washington Consensus Macroeconomics(WCM) from its early manifestation as Monetarism to its latest forms as financialisation/neoclassical/neoliberal economics. Austerity for the workers and tax cuts for the rich is the predominant form of political activity throughout the UK, the USA and the Westernised world.The central focus of the Chinese government (like in the Nordic countries and in the other three Tokyo Zone consensus economies) is to increase the living standards of the people. That aim is more productive of better living standards than the WCM model which produces the continuation or increase in poverty for the sake of increasing the wealth of the rich.3 Fiscal Stringency Produces Economic Decline Which In Turn Reduces Military Budgets and CapabilityObviously.The Chinese Conservatives produced the economic decline of the great first industrial economy of the Northern Song and the largest middle-ages economy of the Yongle Empire within the Ming Dynasty. The British Conservatives under Thatcher produced the great reduction in British manufacturing industries and the terminal decline of the British Empire. The American Republicans produced and continue to produce the manufacturing decline of the USA and the end of the American hegemony.The political preference for the rich produces a much poorer economy. The rich get a bigger share of a greatly reduced economic pie.That is pretty inevitable but need not continue.4 Realistic Economics Rules In The Real World4.1 Local Finance for Local Businesses: The Fostering of Local Invention and InnovationThe German Sparkassen Banking system excels at that. See section 2.4 above.4.2 [Shimomuran] No-Cost Central Credit Creation For Medium And Major Manufacuring IndustriesAll of the historical and more recent economic miracles -from the Chinese Dynastic Empires of the Northern Song, through the Yongle Emperor within the Ming Dynasty, the North Manchurian Railway Company, FDR’s economic miracle (1938–44), the four major economic miracles of the Tokyo Consensus Zone (in post war Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China) as well as Singapore have depended on this understanding. It wasn’t originally Shimomuran but he deserves to have the system named after him because he was the first lucidly to explain its major features. See“Why do you refer to “Investment Credit Economics” as ‘Shimomuran Economics’ if it was first…Of course, it could be called Wang Anshi economics after the first Chinese master economist and practitioner of it. And that might be better because I have been advised that the Chinese translation of Werner might be Wang.4.3 The Marriage of Both Macroeconomic MindsThe greatest economic understanding that can be implemented is the union of the local Sparkassen Banking understandings with those of Shimomuran macroeconomics. SeeThe Most Successful Economic Policy Of All Time - The German Historical Economics Development of Shimomuran-Wernerian MacroeconomicsThat is of course the subject of my studies at the University of Southampton which will not be completed until 2020. Much more later.5 Chinese missiles are transforming the balance of power in the skiesSee Chinese missiles are transforming balance of power in the skies (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/chinese-missiles-are-transforming-balance-of-power-in-the-skies/articleshow/64073472.cms)which reports“For a quarter century, the US and its allies owned the skies, fighting wars secure in the knowledge that no opponent could compete in the air. As tensions with Russia and China surge, that’s no longer the case.Rapid technological progress in China’s aerospace industry, particularly air-to-air missile systems fired from an aircraft, is changing the game for Western air forces and the global arms trade. It’s also altering the picture for China’s neighbors such as India.“and that improved equality is changing US capability“We had an environment where we could do whatever we wanted in the air, and what the Chinese have done is to say you no longer can,” said Douglas Barrie, senior fellow for military aerospace at the International Institute for Strategic Studies. As a result, US commanders now have to take into account potential loss rates for pilots and aircraft that they haven’t had to face since the 1980s.”and“Some of China’s biggest strides are coming in air-to-air missiles, the weapons that for one or two million dollars can destroy a $150 million aircraft. That’s a cost efficient way of trying to level the playing field with the US. China’s defense budget is well over three times as big as Russia’s or India’s, but still much lower than the $610 billion the US spends, according to SIPRI.”The USA is now playing a game of catch-up rather than funding continuing air dominance: the report continues“In March, the US Air Force awarded a half-billion-dollar contract to supply close allies with Raytheon Inc.’s latest long range air-to-air missile, capable of hitting enemy planes from 100 miles (160 kilometers) away. The Meteor, a new European equivalent, may be even more deadly. But China’s latest offering, the PL-15, has a greater range than either. “Some US Defence people understand what has happened:“In the United States we’ve been on holiday for 25 years and maybe a little bit more,” Michael Griffin, under secretary of defense for research and engineering, said in a recent address to the Hudson Institute, a Washington think tank. “We failed to continue to fund the practices that had gotten us where we were, which was at the very top of the technological heap.”Read more at://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64073472.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst6 The People’s Support Depends on Their Treatment by the GovernmentBritain’s Ministry of Defence tried to recruit Scottish highlanders for the Crimean (1853–86) war with Russia. SeeHighland Clearances - Wikipedia for the background information.With typical lack of tact or perception, the Duke of Sutherland, when asked to raise more Highlanders for the war in Russia, sent the hated factor James Loch into Sutherland to get volunteers. James Loch was harried by Scotsmen shouting “Baa! Baa!” (like the bleats of sheep) at the attempting recruiters, and these Scotsmen told them"We have no country to fight for! You robbed us of our country and gave it to the sheep. Therefore, since ye have preferred sheep to men, let sheep defend ye!"See the Tragic Highland Clearances, Chapter 4:Murder of Ross women, clearance mythology?, final thoughts.An updating of that view might be“Ye have preferred the rich to the people, let the rich defend ye!” or“Ye have preferred tax cuts to the rich to defence spending, let the rich and your diminished military capability defend ye!”Which they are not able to do because the rich are too few and the reduced military capability cannot perform as it previously could.And as the above quoted Wikipedia Highland Clearance entry records, “The Highlands themselves now have a population density of about 9 persons per square kilometre in comparison with an EU average of 116 per square kilometre, which is on a par with the northern parts of Finland and Sweden.”The Highlands are like a green mountainous desert, almost devoid of people.7 Provisional ConclusionsOn every relevant index, China is superior to the USA on all the measures that matter. To be more precise:China currently has the greatest economy, with a 2017 GDP at PPP of 23.12 tr. about 19.4% larger than the US one of about 19.36 tr.. and given the 4.7% average Chinese growth above that of the USA, probably has a 2018 GDP about 24.1% larger than the USAWhen China completely implements the 2008 UN System of NationalAccounting, its GDP may rise by about 10% - seeGeorge Tait Edwards's answer to Why is it thought that Chinese economic growth is even higher than official figures?Even if China were to lose a war with the USA, China understands the Phoenix-factor high-growth Shimomuran macroeconomics which Japan used from 1946 to 1972, so even after losing a war it would win the peace; the USA has no similar high-quality economic understanding, so might remain devastated for many decades in the aftermath of a war.The industrial strength of China is currently (in 2017) about 2.5 times that of the USA and that factor is increasing by about 4.6% a year (= at least the difference in growth rates, with China at about 6.8% pa and the US at about 2.2% pa)China is being governed in the interests of ALL its people, the US is being run in the interests of the rich. Support for military adventures which the USA is likely to lose is probably not as present in the working classes who have previously delivered US victories.American economic and military decline is inevitable under Republican cost-cutting governments as tax cuts to the rich produce the following six major effectsa lower level of invention and innovation due to the lack of local bank funding for SME invention and development (the data indicates that about 5% of the potential level of invention and innovation now occurs in the USA)a comparatively low rate of American economic growth (approximately between a quarter from 1975–2014 and a third from 2014–2017 of China’s)continual cuts in military budgets as reducing government finance over-rides all other considerationsthe withdrawal of international leadership in major issues (eg in the Paris Agreement on Climate Control, in NATO, and in trade and investment agreements with other nations)the accelerated rise in global warming as the USA switches back to gas and coal burning under the science-of-world-warming denials and actions of the Trump presidencyfood poverty, less health insurance, reduced Obamacare, less education, more victimisation of the poor and a more unequal American society.Chinese military technology has developed so as to counter sea power - for example, an aircraft carrier can be disabled or destroyed by a cruise or unstoppable high-speed suborbital missile.Chinese military aircraft are now a match for America’s. The US has not only lost the technological edge but also the productive power to continue to produce the dogfight superiority numbers of 3–1 aircraft where the US previously led. In both innovation and invention and in productive power, the current superiority of China over the USA is certain to become greater in the next few decades and beyond.8 DiscussionChina could challenge the US military but is very unlikely to do so - the Chinese, like the Americans, have far too much to lose in either a conventional or a nuclear war. The USA would lose a conventional war with China and would be destroyed in a nuclear war - it’s a lose-lose situation for America. And it’s a similar situation for China.Some people in the West and even a few in China take the view that a military conflict between the USA and China is inevitable. It isn’t, and because the Rapkin-Thomson zone of maximum danger (the years when China’s economy was 20% less than, then approximately equal to, then 20% more than that of the USA) were all included within the Presidency of the great Barack Obama, the probability of a US-Chinese war has become minimal.That does not mean it won’t happen but with the probability constantly falling to very low levels (I calculate down from 5% in 2017 to less than 2% from 2020) as US military commanders and even their leading politicians and media now realising that the US hegemonic dominance has now ended and China is by far the greatest economy in the world, any military war becomes increasingly improbable. But trade wars can and do occur.9 Over-arching ConclusionChina (or more accurately the Chinese government) of course has the ability to challenge the US military. But there is no desire to do so because the gains to the people of China - which are the major focus of Chinese Government - are best served by the continuation of what will come to be called, in the Latin of the West, the Pax Seres or the Chinese Peace or 中国和平.

I also feel that Elon is kind of unique. [1]I don't think many people start two companies poised to have a significant impact on the industries they're in, while working at both, chairing another company (SolarCity (company)), and envisioning new transportation models (Hyperloop).Elon also has a unique focus with SpaceX: to preserve life itself. To quote a piece GQ did [1]:[Elon says] "[Becoming a spacefaring civilisation] is important enough to be on the scale of life itself, and therefore goes beyond the parochial concerns of humanity," Musk says of our interplanetary destiny."We're all focused on our little things that are of concern to humanity itself. People think of curing AIDS or cancer as being very important, and they are—within the context of humanity. But curing all forms of cancer would improve the average life span by only two to three years. That's it."In other words, while eradicating disease is a worthy pursuit, and would extend the lives of individual human beings, my [Elon's] life's work is extending the life span of life itself. [The author wrote that, not Elon. But it puts things in perspective]That said, there are other people doing cool stuff that will likely have, or are already having, a significant impact on established industries.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Founders of single, industry-changing companies~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Elizabeth Holmes – health industryElizabeth Holmes (business person) is a billionaire who dropped out of Stanford to create Theranos (company), a company poised to impact the health industry in similar ways to the way Elon and friends had an impact on the aerospace and automotive industry.See this article to learn more:This Woman Invented a Way to Run 30 Lab Tests on Only One Drop of BloodShe also did a TEDmed talk in 2014:I really hope her technology helps people move away from a reactive approach to health, and more of a proactive one that is focused on health, wellbeing, and lifestyle, rather than diagnosis and treatment.E.g. Rather than testing for presence of disease and disease susceptibility, test for optimal--not "within normal range," but optimal--hormone and nutrition levels; test for levels of wellbeing.Sugata Mitra – education industrySugata Mitra proposes that education is good, but there are some places where good teachers won't go. He also proposes that the education systems are outdated.He started his journey by placing a computer with internet access into the boundary wall of a slum to see what would happen.These TED talks--including the second one, which he won the TED prize for, enabling him to fund his project--share his journey, discoveries, and what he's working on:The hole in the wall experiment: experiments in self-learningBuild a school in the cloudIf you're looking for more information about Sugata Mitra's work, it can be found here:About SOLEs & SOMEsDownload the SOLE ToolkitMyshkin Ingawale – health industryMyshkin Ingawale is the co-founder of Biosense, a healthcare startup.They have three products:TouchHB (which I feel is their most interesting product)a needle free anaemia screening tool. A large population of women and children in the multiples of a hundred thousand in the developing countries die each year because of complications at birth, most of which are associated with anaemia. Early detection can prevent these deaths from happening [and a solution that will have] high compliance [meaning, people will use it, while most people will fly across the country to avoid a blood test] [2]uCheka smartphone based portable diagnostic system [that] can perform a wide variety of tests ranging from routine urine analysis to specialised tests such as determining the albumin to creatinine ratio in urine as well as blood sugar test. uChek is a platform technology to which we will continue to add tests as we develop further. It has a Laboratory equipment equivalent accuracy and an intuitive interface at the same time. [3]SüChek, a less revolutionary product for testing blood sugar.I really hope these guys continue to pioneer in this field. We really need to move towards technology and practices that don't require sticking needles into people to improve or measure their wellbeing.To learn more, see this TED talk Myshkin did:A 20 second blood test without bleedingPaul Stamets – agriculture industryPaul is one of the world's leading mycologists.Where he's probably going to have a fairly significant impact, however, is in the field of "pest" management.To quote the second article I linked to below:Paul Stamets [...] filed a patent in 2001 that [describes] a near permanent, safe solution for over 200,000 species of insects and it all comes from a mushroom. After what is called ‘sporulation’ of a select entomopathogenic fungi (fungi that kill insects) the area becomes no longer suitable for any insect(s) the fungi are coded for. In addition, extracts of the entomopathogenic fungi can also steer insects in different directions.This literally is a paradigm shift away from the entire idea of pesticides. Instead of having an aim to kill all problematic insect, a farmer could simply disperse a solution of pre-sporulation fungi amongst the crops. The insects would then simply live their lives around the crops paying no attention to them. This simple idea flies in the face of the current, poorly thought-out, practice of spraying ever increasing amounts of pesticides on resistant bugs. Going further, this biopesticide would also eliminate the need for round-up ready GMO seeds and BT seeds that grow the pesticides in the crop needlessly endangering us, the consumer. Perhaps the most enticing element of this biopesticide fungi is that it’s essentially free. According to the patent, it can be “cultivated on agricultural waste.” We are looking at a 100% safe, natural technology that literally can end all GMO and pesticide manufacturers overnight with a new class of SMART Pesticides.More information:Biopesticide derived from mold has promise as a greener method for eradicating unwanted insectsPaul Stamets patents "universal biopesticide" that Big Ag calls "the most disruptive technology that we have ever witnessed."I personally feel that less destructive "pest" control methods (such as methods that largely bypass the need to control insects by using smarter approaches to community design gathering and growing food) are better, though some insects being sporinated my mushrooms is probably better than spraying crops with toxic chemicals.To learn more about Paul and his work in the field of mycology, see this TED talk he did:Paul Stamets: 6 ways mushrooms can save the worldHe also recently released his "mycofiltration" water quality improvement technique to the public domain.See this blog post for more information about that:Paul Stamets, fungi pioneer, has released "mycofiltration" (his water quality improvement technique) to the public domainMarcus buckingham – the business worldMarcus Buckingham—author, speaker, strengths-strategist, and former Gallup researcher—wants to help people tap into their unique talents and strengths so they can put their potential to use.Marcus has done a lot. He:Helped create Clifton StrengthsFinder, a talent assessment taken by over 9.5 million peopleWrote:First, Break All The Rules – a book that called conventional management practices into questionNow, Discover Your Strengths – a book that kick-started the ever-growing wave of strengths-based business practicesLed a career intervention workshop on OprahOn the heels of all that comes his most recent, and I feel, most notable product: StandOut.StandoutStandOut is a the name of a strength-assessment that is part of an online, web-based performance tool (sort of like an app) team leaders can use to more easily and effectively create highly productive, engaged teams by:Individualising their management approach to the unique strengths and traits of each employee;Better engaging the strengths of each employee (I'll discuss why that's important below)Knowing what their team members are working on, and whether their team members feel engaged.The StandOut platform consists of:A 15-minute strengths assessment (the same one I described above) for team members to use to identify their strengths;"Performance tips [delivered] to employees a week, customized to each person's unique strengths," gleaned from high performing people from companies all around the world who share the same strengths as them;Weekly check-ins, where "team members share their priorities with you, and how engaged they are," and a team engagement survey to "measure the real-time engagement of your team"A Team Dashboard, so team-leaders can see their team member's "strengths, skills, priorities and engagement levels, all in one place"Coaching tips for team team leaders, based on the unique strengths of each employee[6]It can be accessed on desktop computers, as well as mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.As of March 2015, Marcus's company, TMBC, say that StandOut is used by teams within companies such as CISCO, Twitter, LinkedIn, Wells Fargo, Nike, Walmart, Amazon, Best Buy, and many, many more. [6]Why is StandOut relevant?Recent data shows that approximately 2 out of 10 people say that they get to use their strengths at work each day. [4]This has unfortunate repercussions. The best teams in the world say they do get to use their strengths, and there are many (business) benefits to that. This video sums up all of that well:To learn more about StandOut and see a preview of it, visit the StandOut website:StandOut - team leader editionStandOut - enterprise editionMarcus Buckingham also wrote some articles for Harvard Business Review about StandOut and why it's relevant :Leadership Development in the Age of the AlgorithmHow to Give Every Employee Customized Leadership AdviceRe-thinking performance managementMarcus is also beginning to talk about and work with companies to design better performance management systems, as he talks about in these articles:The issue with current performance management systems What if Performance Management Focused on Strengths?Reinventing Performance ManagementThe Fatal Flaw with 360 SurveysMost HR Data Is Bad DataIt wouldn't surprise me if he develops some sort of system that businesses can use for performance management.Scott and Julie Brusaw of Solar Roadways – energy productionSolar Roadways get a lot of criticism about their idea (Elon did, too--how'd that work out?), but I still think it has lots of application, and if they pull off what they're trying to do, it'll be pretty revolutionary.Their original short, four-minute introductory video is on Vimeo:Solar Roadways | Michéle OhayonWhat if roads and parking lots were solar, fueling enough energy from the sun to power nearby communities as well as electric vehicles? Scott and Julie Brusaw, the inventors/creators have the answer.They 2010 TEDx talk is here:A more recent (2013) talk Scott did at Google's Solve For X event (not just anyone gets invited to that event):An interesting use case they describe on their IndieGoGo page:After the Haiti Earthquake, we were asked if we could send some panels. Unfortunately, we were not product ready, but it made us realize how much our panels could help in such situations.They could be dropped in by helicopter and set up to provide a triage center for medical care and food distribution. There would be solar energy and light to help with current needs.For more information, they have an FAQ page on their website:Solar Roadways - FAQ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Honourable mentions~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~David Wolfe – health industryDavid Wolfe is an author, speaker, and renegade nutritionist who inspires people to live better lives by taking a proactive approach to their health.Not everyone agrees with what he says, but he's done a lot—over 2750 live events [5] and the authored many books—to introduce people to health foods, strategies (such as vegetable juicing), and systems (such as the Chinese or Ayurvedic herbal systems) that were previously more obscure.He's started various companies, and is the president of the The Fruit Tree Planting Foundation.Google ATAP – technology industry (with applications elsewhere)To learn about what ATAP are doing, see this blog post:A look at the cool things Google's 'Advanced Technology and Projects' group are doingGoogle [X] – technology industryX (Alphabet Inc.) work on self-driving cars:And other shenanigans, such as:Google Project LoonProject AraTo learn more about what they do, see this article and talk by Astro Teller:Article:How to Make MoonshotsTalk:There are more people (or companies) that could be added to that list, but those are some I know of.They all stand out within their respective fields as doing things that are unique and likely to change, or have already changed, the industry they're in.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Footnotes~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[1] On Elon being unique: this article by GQ, which I discovered recently, is one of the best I've read so far about Elon, his life, and his character:The BelieverThis one is also good:Plugged In - The New Yorker[2] ToucHb[3] uChek[4]Worldwide, 13% of Employees Are Engaged at WorkState of the Global WorkplaceState of the American Workplace[5] http://www.davidwolfe.com/[6] Welcome to StandOut