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I dont think so and mind you a soldier on mission outside his country cannot be chanced to go online and start looking up for a girl miles away, he will rather satisfy his urge there and wait to find love at home, based on my interview with a LT in syriaIn the summer of 2015, Bryan Denny received a peculiar message in his LinkedIn inbox.“I really need to speak with you, Bryan,” a woman wrote. “I thought you were coming to visit me after your deployment in Syria was completed?”He didn’t recognize the woman’s name or picture, had never been to Syria, and had no plans to travel to Canada, where she lived. Recently retired after serving more than two and a half decades in the Army, including deploying as part of Desert Storm, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom, Denny had expected to encounter some uncomfortable situations in his transition to civilian life. This wasn’t one of them.At first, Denny just assumed she’d contacted the wrong guy — a simple case of mistaken identity. But as they exchanged messages, he came to a more troubling realization: for several months, the woman had been in a full-fledged online relationship with a Col. Bryan Denny who, it just so happened, looked just like him.Army/Spc. Ryan ElliottLt. Col. Bryan Denny, then commander of the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment, in a meeting with key leaders in Iraq's Diyala Province on June 15, 2008.Whoever she’d been speaking with had gotten hold of his pictures, created a fake profile on a Canadian dating site, and constructed an elaborate, tragedy-filled backstory. The Bryan she knew wasn’t married or retired — he was a dashing American soldier whose wife had passed away and whose son had recently suffered a string of severe medical ailments. Over the course of their fleeting online love affair, she’d helped him out with hospital costs, home repairs, and plane tickets home — at a cost of several thousand dollars. Now, she was wondering where the hell he (and her money) had gone.Denny decided to look himself up on Facebook, since that’s where the woman said she’d verified his identity. Nearly 100 accounts with his name and face popped up, each of them displaying his neatly-coiffed gray hair and steady smile. Many included shots of him with his son, while others used images of Denny with his comrades overseas. The majority showed him in uniform during his final months of service.A lump formed in his throat as he took in one doppelganger after another. “It’s hard to capture how confusing and disturbing it is to scroll through an endless stream of profiles bearing your face and name,” he reflected in an interview with Task & Purpose. “The first time you see it, you’re just blown away.”It turned out Denny’s name, his image, and, most important, aspects of his military service had been posted to myriad dating sites and social media platforms, all in an effort to swindle wide-eyed romance-seekers around the world out of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Maybe millionsBryan Denny's military photos are ubiquitous on scam social accounts. Fighting back has proven hard, even for the combat veteran.Although many of the fake accounts used his real name, others took on aliases to better cover their tracks, making it all but impossible to hunt them down. Every passing day brought new calls and messages from desperate women who’d been stripped of their pride as well as their life savings by “Bryan Denny.” Some women became so infatuated with him that they simply couldn’t cope with the fact that their love had been a sham — hounding him for attention until he eventually had to ignore them entirely. With his reputation and, increasingly, his sanity on the line, Denny knew he had to take action. But he was a man used to battling insurgents in firefights, not nameless, distant hackers.Anatomy of a romance scamIn the fall of 2012, Notre Dame’s All-American linebacker, Manti Te’o, made waves across the country for his unbreaking resolve in the face of adversity. A gifted athlete and the captain of the top defense in college football, Te’o heroically carried his team to an undefeated regular season and the BCS National Championship game after losing his girlfriend, whom he’d dated online for nearly a year, to leukemia. But nine days after Notre Dame’s loss in the title game in early 2013, news broke that Te’o’s girlfriend wasn’t dead. In fact, she wasn’t real; she was a fictional online persona created by a man named Ronaiah Tuiasosopo.He didn’t know the full truth of the twisted ruse until as late as December, but either way, it gained him national prestige and made him the posterboy of college football for one magical season.Most romance-scam victims aren’t so lucky, these unfortunates — often divorced, widowed, or disabled women over 40 — are being extorted by distant scammers for money and gifts to the tune of some $250 million a year. (Apple products are especially popular. If you have been in similar situation what you need do to recover your money is quite easy , we have a planned scheme at HARPER INTELLIGENCE SERVICES , As a cyber investigator Harper Jeff Zoellers helped solved over 30 internet fraud with the FBI , you can bank on his intelligence and expertise in tracking your online dealings , relationship and recover your lost funds whether from romance or binary option investments.. Get out on google to find him or simply check from this videoFrom an Air Force Public Affairs PSA: "A catfish is a person who pretends to be someone they're not, using social media to create a false identity with the intent of scamming someone, or worse."The perpetrators often operate within intricate networks; many originate in Nigeria or Ghana, where outreach tactics, compelling backstories, and conversation strategies have been turned into a science. By sticking to a formula and passionately professing their desire for a new life with their targeted victims, the scammers disarm and beguile their prey with razor-sharp precision. Just as important, these illicit organizations have stockpiled pictures and personas to bolster the credibility of their fake accounts and reel in victims with ease.One of these scammers’ most successful ploys involves assuming the identities of lovesick American soldiers stationed abroad. It’s easy to see why servicemen have become a particularly difficult disguise for romance scams: sterling reputations, trustworthy characters, and a built-in excuse for being away.And yet, military romance scams are vastly underreported. Many victims are typically too embarrassed to admit they sent thousands of dollars — sometimes tens of thousands — to people they’ve never met. Opportunistic thieves, located oceans away, saw his service, patriotism and chiseled looks… and saw a perfect piece of man candy to dangle in front of eager female suitors. Denny suddenly saw how the deference, perks, and unadulterated praise soldiers receive in America could be exploited in terrible ways when love is on the table.A brief history of military imposter scamsIn 1906, a German named Wilhelm Voigt, fresh out of prison after serving a lengthy sentence for theft and forgery, stepped into a military surplus store to initiate his greatest scheme yet. Emerging from the shop sporting a captain’s uniform, he quickly convinced a group of soldiers to follow him to the nearby town of Köpenick, where under his command, they stormed the mayor’s office and helped him loot 4,000 marks. It was only after the soldiers delivered the bewildered mayor, whom they’d been ordered to arrest, to the Berlin police that everyone realized Voigt and the money had gone missing. Though he was eventually apprehended, he became a folk hero, praised for highlighting the blind obedience of his countrymen to authority.Military imposters have been prolific on our side of the pond, too. As the 100th anniversary of the Civil War approached in the late 1950s, Americans were captivated by a man named Walter Williams, who claimed to be 116 years old and the last living veteran of the conflict. researchers later concluded he’d actually been a child when the war’s first shots were fired at Fort Sumter. Williams was hardly alone in this act: lying about Civil War service was then a favored tactic of fraudsters looking for prestige and pensions.Compared to these examples, military romance scams have a distinctly disturbing — and, in many cases, sensual — flavor. Unlike your more run of the mill instances of stolen valor, these schemes involve assuming the identities of specific soldiers to make victims swoon. Instead of constructing entire backstories, scammers typically tailor their characters around their servicemen’s traits, sprinkling in little pieces of truth they’ve gleaned about the men they’re pretending to be.Denny’s imposters, for instance, frequently talked about being from North Carolina and visiting his family farm there (both of which are true), sending their targets pictures of him out in the field alongside beautiful horses. It worked: turns out plenty of women were drawn to the idea of a wholesome, sturdy country boy with a love of the outdoors and a sensitive side. As the months passed, he began receiving phone calls from women who, desperate to track him down, had taken to searching for him in his home state. In a few cases, they even got hold of his parents. “I’m actually pretty lucky that I’ve only got a cell phone,” he said. “My folks get it a lot worse, since they’ve got a landline that’s publicly listed and easier to find.”By late 2015, Denny was receiving a weekly barrage of calls and messages from frenzied women. His wife and teenage son were getting contacted. Some of the victims had become so entranced that even after being told they had been duped, they couldn’t let go. “I’ve had to end up blocking a few of them because they just can’t sort out what’s real and what’s not,” he said. “It consumes them. There’s one particular woman in Germany who, I’m sure, has pictures of me on her fridge and thinks I’m going to visit her someday. It’s not funny. It’s quite sad.”As a result of such interactions, Denny has become an expert at letting lonelyhearts down easy, writing hundreds of reverse “Dear John” letters to those who’ve fallen for him. He’s also had to learn how to pinpoint and eradicate fake accounts using his information. Since his now years-long search began in December of 2015, he’s identified roughly 4,000 bogus Facebook profiles that utilize a mixture of 51 different photos of him. Last fall, he got a meeting with Facebook executives to talk about the problem, but they weren’t particularly helpful. “At one point, the senior leader we spoke with just laughed out loud at us,” he said. “It was really trite, really condescending, and wreaked of an unprofessional disdain for responsibility and big picture solutions.”Facebook declined to comment on its meetings with Denny for this story, but a representative for the company told Task & Purpose in April that the social network is doing everything it can to ensure the safety of its users. “Staying ahead of those who try to misuse our service is a constant effort, and we work constantly to detect and block harmful activity, including removing accounts,” they said. “Our security systems run in the background millions of times per second to help catch threats and remove them before they ever reach you.”Denny does credit Facebook for meeting with him several times since to discuss his situation. Unfortunately, even if the company does an about-face and fully commits itself to hunting down the countless fake accounts on its platform, it’ll likely still be behind the eight ball for quite some time. “Offenders are truly committed to their targeting of victims, so for every fake profile that is removed or blocked, a new one can be created in its place,” said Dr. Cassandra Cross, an expert who has written extensively on the impact these ploys have on romance scam victims. “Anonymity and the transnational nature of offending works in favour of the perpetrators.”Though the odds are against him, Denny has continued to seek out executives at dating websites and social media providers to highlight the issue. During every discussion, he’s had to answer an uncomfortable question: Why him? Simple: Potential victims “see a guy who’s served his country, has a son, and suddenly lost his wife,” he said. “People want to step up and help that guy out. That’s the great country we live in, the great environment our military lives within. They never suspect those things could be used for evil.”‘I was so naive. My friends were all telling me it was a hoax’Sharon Hughes, a 65-year-old retired nurse and divorcee who now devotes her time to painting, is quick with a joke and has a jaunty, chipper laugh and a penchant for off-the-wall statements. “People have told me I’m unstable,” she told me. “I am unstable; I’m an artist!” Although she hasn’t remarried since she and her ex-husband divorced in 2003, she is looking for a life partner. In other words, she’s the ideal target for romance scammers.In 2015, Sharon was looking on Facebook when a “Ross Newton” popped up in the site’s “people you may know” section. He was a greying, sharply dressed soldier wearing an officer’s uniform, something that appealed to her since she came from a military family. Although she didn’t know “Ross,” the site’s social matchmaking algorithm suggested they connect. Drawn to his good looks, she figured: What the hell? and struck up a conversation. It was a big move for her. “Ross” responded back right away. She was elated.Within a few months, the two were soon exchanging several messages a day and contemplating starting a life together after he left the Army. Sharon was mesmerized by her boyfriend’s daring stories of combat and dedication to his troops, but she also felt bad for him; he’d suffered a terrible string of luck, including losing some of his closest companions in skirmishes. “There was one time when one of his best friends was injured by a grenade,” she said. “He described in detail how sad it was, sitting next to him as he died in a hospital bed. He got quite creative.”

I would comment on the Indian Model. Let’s see the historic legacy of the British inherited by the Indian Army. Instead of just Army Head Quarters the question should be Reorganisation and Restructuring of Higher Defence Organisation.Legacy of the British ModelIn the Nineteenth Century, on the one hand, the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) as it is evident from the designation, was the Commander of Armed Forces while on the other hand, the Military Member, (an officer in the rank of Major General and junior to the C-in-C) was the channel through whom all the proposals and recommendations of the C-in-C were being put up to the Viceroy and all orders of the Viceroy communicated to the Army. [1]The famous Curzon-Kitchener dispute was not a case of the Army questioning the superiority of the Civil but Lord Kitchener, the C-in-C of the Armed Forces in India, argued that the office of the Military Member was “detrimental to military efficiency”. He proposed the unification of the offices of the Military Member and the C-in-C into one position. The British government decided in favour of Kitchener, which led to resignation of Curzon.Consequently, the post of Military Member was abolished and the C-in-C became the only member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council. A Major General was appointed as the Army Secretary and became the head of the Army Department. He had to work under the C-in-C. A General Staff Branch was introduced in the Army Headquarters with Chief of General Staff (CGS) becoming the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) of the C-in-C.Later from 1921 onwards, designation of Army Secretary was changed to Defence Secretary and officers of the Indian Civil Service were given this appointment following the advice of Lord Esher. In the early thirties, a Chiefs of Staff Committee was also established which was presided over by the CGS with FOC-in-C Navy and AOC Air Force as members. The latter two were provided direct access to the C-in-C and the Viceroy in the event of any major differences in the Committee.On 24 September 1947, Lord Ismay, the Chief of Staff to Lord Mountbatten, Governor General of India, had recommended a three-tier Higher Defence Organization, to Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru, at his request. This was based on his experience as the Secretary to the Chief of Staff Committee in the UK, being the Principal Staff Officer of Sir Winston Churchill 6 and after the World War II, he had been to the United States to help the Americans in reorganising their higher defence setup. Based on his recommendations, three committees were formed:The Defence Committee of the Cabinet (DCC) chaired by the Prime Minister.The Defence Minister’s Committee (DMC) chaired by the Defence Minister.The Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) as part of the Military Wing of the Cabinet Secretariat. The chairmanship was made rotational with the Service Chief longest in the Committee becoming the Chairman.Post Independence ModelThis arrangement functioned well till the mid 1950s despite the C-in-C being only an invitee to the DCC and not a member. The designation of the C-in-C of the three services was changed to Chiefs of Staff in 1955, and subsequent to the appointment of V K Krishna Menon as the Defence Minister in 1957, the DCC began to lose its relevance as he had direct access to the PM.After the 1962 debacle, the DCC was first changed to Emergency Committee of the Cabinet and then to Cabinet Committee of Political Affairs (CCPA).If India could manage the hurdles of wars in 1965 and 1971, it was more to the credit of the then prime ministers, who gave direct access to the Service Chiefs and abided by their advice. The management of national security by CCPA remained inept due to following fundamental weaknesses:This august body had little independent expertise of its own.Its very designation entailed that neither it was intended to deal with national security on an exclusive basis nor it was supposed to monitor the national security scene on a continuous basis.It merely dealt with issues raised by the Ministry of Defence which itself was ill-equipped to encompass the whole gamut of national security issues.Service Chiefs were not members of CCPA. They were only occasionally asked to be in attendance.Current ModelIn 1999, when National Security Council (NSC) was established, Service Chiefs or Chairman Chief of Staff Committee were not considered important enough to be member of this council but were placed in Strategic Core Group - another means of extending bureaucratic dominance over the national security apparatus. The NSC in the United States and UK have Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff and Chief of the Defence Staff as statutory members respectively with other ministers under the chairmanship of the head of the state. There are no civil servants in this council except for NSA who is assistant to the Head of the State for National Security Affairs and acts as Secretary, providing the secretarial support to the council through his staff.NSC is a three-tiered organization that oversees political, economic, energy and security issues of strategic concern. It operates within the executive office of the prime minister of India, liaising between the government’s executive branch and the intelligence services, advising leadership on intelligence and security issues. The National Security Council comprises the Strategic Policy Group, the National Security Advisory Board and a Secretariat from the Joint Intelligence Committee. The National Security Advisor presides over the NSC, and is also the primary advisor to the prime minister.”[2]Military is out of Apex Body: At the apex of the National Security Council sit six decision-making members. the Pr­ime Minister, a Strategic Policy Group, a National Advisory Board, and a Secretariat representing the Joint Intelligence Committee, and the National Security Advisor. The NSC’s agenda includes issues of external and internal security, military affairs, conventional and non-conventional defense, space and high technology, counter insurgency, counter terrorism, economy and environment. The military has no representation in this tier.Military only an Advisor: At the second level of the NSC structure, lies the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB). The constituting members are “persons of eminence” outside the Government with expertise in external security, strategic analysis, foreign affairs, defense, the armed forces, internal security, science and technology and economics. The NSAB is the council’s think-tank. It holds monthly meetings to recommend solutions and policy issues to the policy makers upon referral from the NSC.Intelligence has its own Organisation under Cabinet Secretary: The third level is the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC). Modeled on its British counterpart, the JIC is responsible for directing the national intelligence organizations and analyzing intelligence data. The JIC operates with its own Secretariat that works under the Cabinet Secretariat.Ministry of Defence and its functioning is one of its own kind having no parallels in any other democracies of the world. Ministry of Defence is an entirely separate entity from the Service Headquarters and is staffed exclusively by civil servants. In 1961, three services ceased to be a part of the Ministry of Defence and became attached offices. Further, there is Ministry of Finance (Defence), yet another separate entity. Each of the three entities Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Finance (Defence) and Service Headquarters tend to examine issues in isolation of each other, resulting in triplication of efforts and causing considerable delay.Service Head Quarters or Army Head Quarters Attached to Ministry of DefenceService headquarters is the last component of India’s higher defence structure. Having been degraded to a lowly status of “attached offices” in 1961, Service Headquarters are not an integral part of the Government of India - a unique framework which no other country has! The nomenclature was changed to “associate headquarters” in 2001, but it was only a change of phrase, devoid of anything substantial. Once again, nomenclature of the Service headquarters was changed as “Integrated Headquarters of MoD (Army), (Navy) and (Airforce)” - a meaningless exercise of semantics without any empowerment or integration of the three Services.In 1955, when the designation of the then commanders-in-chief of the three services was changed to chiefs of staff, the Army, Navy and Air Force acts were just amended to replace the wording ‘Commander-in-Chief’ wherever it occurred in the Acts by the term ‘Chief of Staff’ of the relevant service.By very definition of the concept of ‘Chief of Staff’, they should have become the chiefs of the Armed Forces Headquarters Staff and thereby the principal professional advisers of the defence minister and the Prime Minister as it is prevalent in other democratic polities like the U.S. and the UK. On the contrary, with such amendment, the chiefs of staff in India became separate entities outside the government structure, and began functioning as the sole commander of the entire force.The Chiefs of Staff have to perform two divergent and diametrically opposite roles in their capacity as the principal advisers to the Defence Minister in national security planning and at the same time functioning as commanders of their respective forces. Professionalism in national security policy management and planning is different from that in respect of fighting battles at divisional and corps level. Diplomatic manoeuvring requires different skills, knowledge and background than fighting wars at various level of violence.Future ChallengesA full spectrum high intensity war covering land, sea, air, space, information and cyber domain is likely to be the future battlefield milieu over the coming decades. To achieve victory in this milieu, integrated theatre operations would be imperative.Presently a semblance of tri-service integration is being achieved through the Chief of Staff Committee (COSC), a British legacy.In our case, while the current political leadership is giving due importance to the modernization of armed forces and wants the Indian Armed Forces to emerge as a reckonable force but no urgency has been shown for the restructuring of higher defence organization - a prerequisite for achieving “Jointness” and “Integrated Approach” towards warfighting.In case of India, our renowned strategic thinker Shri K Subrahmanyam and soldier-statesman Lt Gen S K Sinha and many others had been recommending creation of Integrated theatre commands and other related reorganisation/reform since late 1980s but their brilliant endeavours have been lost in the maize of various bureaucratic committees ordered from time to time.Current Efforts to Modernise Higher Defence OrganisationNeed to Raise Specialised Commands:Strategic Forces Command (SFC). Already existing for command and control and employment of complete nuclear assets under triad.Special Operations Command. On the lines of the US structure to counter the asymmetric threats. It has been proposed by Naresh Chandra Committee in 2011. The Union government has green-lighted a tri-service Special Operations Division, a unit on the lines of the US Special Operations Command.[3]Cyber Command. For defending national interests against attacks that may occur in cyberspace, the so-called ‘Fifth Domain’ of warfare. Defence Cyber Agency has been set up to further sharpen India’s offensive capabilities. Rear Admiral Mohit Gupta will head the new cyber warfare centre, which will upgrade the existing Defence Information Assurance and Research Agency. Officials say the DCA will be capable of hacking into networks, mounting surveillance operations and laying honeytraps. Expected to be based in Delhi, the agency will have a state-of-the-art lab that can recover deleted data from hard disks and cellphones, break into encrypted communication channels, and perform other complex objectives.[4]Space Command. The government will soon appoint an air vice marshal as the head of the new Defence Space Agency, which will bring together the existing Defence Image Processing and Analysis Centre in Delhi, and the Defence Satellite Control Centre in Bhopal. Headquartered in Bengaluru, the DSA will work with the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Defence Research and Development Organisation to carry out “prompt and sustained offensive and defensive space operations to achieve space superiority”, said an officer.[5]2. Integration of Joint Commands. All three new Agencies will function under the Integrated Defence Staff. But this far from ideal requirement. More needs to be done.Integrated Western Theatre Command facing Pakistan from the plains of Punjab, through Thar Desert of Rajasthan to Rann of Kachchh in Gujarat. Has under its command all Army & Air force formations covering the Area of responsibility (AOR) of existing Western, SouthWestern and Southern Commands.Integrated Northern Theatre Command facing Pakistan and China in the mountainous regions of J&K and Ladakh. Has under its command all Army & Air Force formations covering the AOR of existing Northern Command.Integrated Eastern Theatre Command facing China in the Northeast. Has under its command all Army & Air Force formations covering the AOR of existing Eastern Command.Integrated Southern Theatre Command. Has under command the maritime fleets and air assets deployed for defence of Western, Eastern and Southern seaboards. Andaman and Nicobar Command shall also come under it.Integrated Aerospace Command. Responsible for Air defence of the country including Ballistic Missile Defence and strategic air offensive.Integrated Logistics Command. Responsible for organizing and coordinating movement of men and material from one theatre to another within the country as also to overseas theatre of operations using air, land and sea transportation.[6]Commander of Integrated (Joint) ForcesThe necessity of a Supreme Commander at the theatre level was realised and got fully established during the Second World War.India is the only country in the world, where the Secretary Department of Defence - a generalist civil servant drawn from diverse background and who serves in the Ministry of Defence for a fixed tenure - has been made responsible for “the Defence of India and every part thereof including preparation for defence.”Kargil Review Committee agreed to the creation of the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS). Subsequently, Group of MInisters (GoM) led by the then Deputy Prime Minister L K Advani also recommended the same. More than a decade elapsed but the post of CDS remained elusive.Ideally, it should be a Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) as part of the CDS Secretariat, properly equipped and staffed from where he can coordinate, integrate and synergise efforts with three Service Chiefs.It will give an opportunity to the present Government to create the appointment of ‘Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff’ as it is being followed in the US and bestow a status upon the senior-most General of the Indian Military so that he can stand as ‘one among equals’.What Stops the Govt?Fear psychosis created in the minds of political leadership about the attendant risk of a military coup by concentrating too much authority in a man in uniform has no rationale if one studies the responsibilities of the CDS explained as above and his hierarchical position in the chain of command and control.In fact, it is the bureaucrats’ fear of losing grip over the Services that they give vent to such feelings. Another aspect that introduction of this system, will lead to domination of the Army over other two services is also not valid because Army predominance is common in almost every country and firstly there is little reason to doubt the integrity of such a senior officer toward the greater interest of the nation as a whole and secondly this controversy can be avoided by making this appointment rotational between the three services. [7]Footnotes[1] https://cenjows.gov.in/pdf/Reforming-and-Restructuring-Higher_.pdf[2] India - Departments[3] Three-pronged plan[4] Three-pronged plan[5] Three-pronged plan[6] https://cenjows.gov.in/pdf/Reforming-and-Restructuring-Higher_.pdf[7] https://cenjows.gov.in/pdf/Reforming-and-Restructuring-Higher_.pdf

“What is the most unusual aspect of a nuclear submarine?”It depends on your definition of “unusual,” of course.For me, “usual” means a Navy frigate. There are many aspects of “normal” Navy life that are completely different, even opposite, aboard a submarine. It runs the gamut, from working environment and schedules, to terminology. Of course, the biggest difference is that the submarine service is all voluntary. If you can’t make the grade, you’re sent to the surface fleet. In the surface fleet, if you can’t make the grade, too bad. You’re stuck. They’ll either MAKE you make the grade, or throw you in the brig. If you’re REALLY bad, after your punishments, you get a discharge under “conditions other than honorable.” In other words, good luck getting a job after discharge.So. What are the differences? Lets start with rank and relationships. On a skimmer, rank is very important, from Seaman Recruit, on up. The bottom three ranks (Seaman Recruit, Seaman Apprentice, Seaman) get all the butt-work. For example, every division sends one or more members to the galley to be a “mess-cook” (or ”mess-crank”), for three months. These are galley assistants, who scrub, clean, remove garbage, serve the crew, etc.. If it’s dirty, the cooks give the job to the cranks. For the rest of the crew, if it’s filthy, dirt, nasty, or otherwise undesirable, the seaman gets it. “Seaman”, in this discussion, includes the Engineering “Fireman,” (red rank stripes) Aviation “Airman,” (green rank stripes) SeaBee “Constructionman” (light blue rank stripes), etc. (Seaman rank stripes are navy blue on white uniforms and white on blue uniforms). Also, recruits are advanced to Apprentice after boot camp. If there’s a Seaman Recruit (E-1) in the fleet, he’s a screw-up who got busted down as punishment.The difference? There are no Seamen on submarines. The butt-work goes to the junior Thirds. This includes being a mess-crank. For most of the crew, there’s no rank. Until recently, when wearing coveralls (AKA poopy suit), the only indication of rank, AT ALL, was that Chiefs and Officers wore a khaki web belt, and the rest wore a black one. We all knew each other, so what’s the point? That all changed when the skimmers started whining about “submarine coveralls.” It started in the ’80s when they allowed submariners to wear the new blue Surface Warfare Sweater. Once THEY (skimmers) started wearing coveralls, they had to add all sorts of folderol.Rank insignia. You need to jump when an officer enters the room!US Navy. Darn! I thought I was in the Air Force!Warfare Insignia. I’m a submariner? Who would have known?Name. What? I’m not Jones? Oops, I grabbed the wrong Poopy Suit!Ship Patch. This is the Jackson? I thought I was on the Nautilus.OK, I’ll quit. Just don’t get me started on the rest of this “integrated services bull crap.Organization is also different. On a skimmer, every division has several work-centers (for example, the AS (Anti-Submarine Warfare) Division would have work-centers for main sonar, VDS sonar, towed array sonar, helicopter sonar, underwater fire control, ASROC missiles, and torpedo. The work-center may very well have only one or two members. Each work-center has a Work-Center Supervisor, who schedules and supervises work on the associated equipment. Each division has many compartments (rooms) assigned, for cleaning and maintenance. These rooms are divided between the work-centers, depending on whose equipment is in those rooms. For example, the VDS Hoist Compartment is assigned to the VDS Work-Center. Above the work-center supervisors are the LPO (Leading Petty Officer) and his assistant (ALPO). They do the weekly work scheduling and supervision. Those are the two senior “white hats” (E-1 to E-6). Above that is the Leading Chief Petty Officer (LCPO), who does the remaining work scheduling and supervision.Submarines are quite different. There are work centers, but no separate work-center supervisors. Those are all consolidated into the senior “white hat” who is either the LPO or ALPO (depending on whether or not the division has a CPO). The junior one does the weekly scheduling and supervision, and the senior one does the rest.Butt-work is also spread more evenly, with even the Chiefs doing some (Chiefs clean their own mess, berthing and head — the Goat Locker).On surface ships, Chiefs eat in their own mess. On submarines, Chiefs eat in the crews mess, at the “Chief’s Table.” If the rest of the tables are full, non-chiefs may eat there (after requesting permission, of course). There’s not enough room in the Goat Locker to mess separately. Speaking of the Goat Locker, EVERYONE who is not a member of the mess must knock on the door before entering. This includes the Captain.On surface ships, there is a separate PO1 Lounge. EVERYONE who is not a member must knock before entering. This includes the Chiefs. Submarines don’t have room for a separate PO1 lounge.Shift rotation is different (until recently, as in last year). All surface ship watches are four hours, except for the “dog watches” that are for two hours. The reason is that, with a three section rotation, everybody would stand the same two watches every day. The same people would be blessed with a day-time watch (meaning you get a full night sleep every day), and the same people would be cursed with the night watches (meaning you NEVER get a full night’s sleep). The solution is two, two-hour “dog-watches” (dog is short for “dodged,” meaning you dodged a full four-hour watch). This happens between 16:00 and 20:00 (4 PM and 8 PM) every day, so the shift assignment rotates backwards.Submarines don’t do that. All watches are (or were until recently) six hours long. Six hours on, 12 hours off (theoretically. I’ll get to that). Watch relief is also different. Let’s use the afternoon, 12:00 - 18:00 watch as an example. 12:00 is the deadline for EVERYBODY in the section, on the WHOLE boat, to be on station. That’s when the off-going OOD reports to the Captain that the watch has been relieved. The OOD is the Big Kahuna of the section. So, the oncoming relief starts the turnover procedure at 11:45. That means that the Sonar Supervisor must have already been releived by 11:45, so he can report his relief to the current OOD, without interrupting the OOD’s turnover conversation. To do that, the on-coming Sonar Supervisor must start the turnover procedure with his relief at 11:30. That procedure starts with the oncoming Sup doing a walk-through of all sonar equipment spaces, reviewing the maintenance activity of the last six hours, reviewing the planned maintenance activity of the next six hours, reviewing the last six hours of sonar activity, looking at the navigation chart to see the sub’s location, noting all secret updates of nearby ships and submarines, review with the current OOD all present sonar contacts and planned future ship evolutions (ejecting trash, shooting water slugs, making engineering changes such as securing the port electrical bus for maintenance, etc.) and requesting permission to relieve the watch. Then he goes back to sonar and relieves the off-going supervisor, who then goes to Control to report his relief to the OOD. While this is going on, the sonar operators are doing similar things with their reliefs (current contacts on the display, past log readings, auxiliary equipment concerns, etc..) and asking the supervisor for permission to relieve the watch. Once relieved, the relieved operator reports his relief to the supervisor. The supervisor cannot complete his relief until all of his junior operators have been relieved. The same is true of the OOD. He cannot relieve the old OOD until everybody on the boat has been relieved. He will get individual reports from the people who report to him, such as the Quartermaster, Nav Center Supervisor, Radio Supervisor, Engineering Officer of the Watch, Diving Officer, and Chief of the Watch. The half hour before shift change is very busy. For a crew of 120, there’s 80 people involved in a complicated choreography throughout the boat. (I’ve never seen it done, but an astute CO might hold an unplanned (even the XO doesn’t know) Battle-Stations drill at 11:45.)Then, there’s the difference about the underway work-day. On a surface ship, every day but Sunday is a scheduled work-day. EVERYBODY gets up at reveille, musters at 7:30, “Commence Ship’s Work” at 8:00, and “Secure From Ship’s Work” at 4:00. That’s in addition to standing four to six hours of watch between 16:00 and 8:00 the next morning, Eight hours of uninterrupted sleep never happens.Submarines don’t do that. The underway day is (was) eighteen hours long. There are no windows, so the only way to tell what time of the day it is, is by what meals are being served (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Mid-Rats). You can tell what day of the week it is, pretty much, by what’s happening. Drills or training happen in the morning and afternoon watches, Monday through Friday. Saturday is Field Day (ship-wide cleaning) in the morning, pizza for lunch and sliders (hamburgers) for dinner. Sunday is church services in the morning, and extra movie in the afternoon, and special dinner (like surf-n-turf — lobster and steak) for dinner. There may be an awards ceremony before the evening movie (usually somebody being awarded his dolphins).Individually, the six hours after watch is for doing scheduled equipment maintenance, working on quals (submarine quals for your dolphins and individual watch-station quals for advancement), other studying (college courses) and entertainment (movies, books, games, physical work-outs, etc.). The six hours before watch is for sleeping (interrupted for drills, training, and urgent equipment repairs). Four hours of uninterrupted sleep is a blessing.As for the ship’s clock, surface ships usually change the clock every time they cross into a new time zone, because you can see the sun and stars. Submarines usually shift the clock to Universal (GMT aka Zulu) time until a day or so before entering port. Then they shift the clock to port-time, to let the jet-lag wear off.The last difference is terminology and communications. Most of these have to do with announcements on the 1MC (ship-wide PA system).For example, when a surface ship is about to get underway or return to port, they will “Station the Special Sea and Anchor Detail” where extra people are used for tasks relating to visual navigation and vessel traffic management. Submarines will “Station the Maneuvering Watch” which includes all hands. Sound-powered phones are manned throughout the boat, many junior people go topside to handle mooring lines, there are extra lookouts on the bridge, extra plotting people in Control, extra sonar operators, dedicated radar operators, extra Engine Room people, and the rest form two damage-control repair parties (one forward, one aft).BTW, that was one of the questions I missed on an exam in Basic Submarine School. It was a trick question to trap ex-fleet skimmers like me. LOLSurface ships make many announcements on the 1MC. Things like “Sweepers,” “Eight O’Clock Reports,” “Material Condition Yoke Reports,” “Darken Ship,” “Turn-To,” “Quarters,” “Sick-call,” “Taps,” “Reveille,” “Restricted Men,” “Smoking Lamp,” some of which are preceded by a Bos’n Call (Shrill whistle).Submariners don’t do that. We’re smart enough to know what to do without having to be told.For drills, surface ships start every drill (like fire, flooding, chemical attack, etc.) with “This is a drill, this is a drill…” or “This is NOT a drill…”Submariners don’t do that. EVERYTHING is NOT a drill, even if it really is. The announcements are the same, such as “Fire in Sonar Equipment Space.” You only know it’s a drill when a Drill Monitor (wearing a drill ball cap) prevents you from doing something, like charging a fire hose or using a fire extinguisher. When we go to Battle Stations, Torpedo, we don’t know if we’re in a shooting war or not, until we hear a torpedo being ejected.You want an adrenalin rush? Go to Battle Stations on a submarine!