Sabbatical Confirmation - Human Resources - The University Of: Fill & Download for Free

For two thousand years the Chinese have chosen politicians just as the US Navy chooses admirals.Naval officers devote their lives to preparing for responsibility, study relentlessly, spend years away from home, are paid a fraction of their civilian worth, take orders from people they dislike, perform missions they find distasteful, eat restricted diets, sleep odd hours, observe a restrictive moral code, are assessed against a host of metrics, constantly watched for dishonesty and tried in special courts if they err. The idea that aspiring admirals would join a faction or publicly campaign for election is laughable. Instead, Human Resources experts in the Bureau of Naval Personnel recommend promotions to elected officials, who must confirm them.For two thousand years China has required aspiring politicians to devote their lives to preparing for responsibility, study continuously, spend years away from home, be paid a fraction of their civilian worth, take orders from people they dislike, eat restricted diets, sleep odd hours, observe a restrictive moral code, be evaluated against a host of metrics, be constantly monitored for immorality and tried in special courts if they err. The idea that aspiring politicians would join a faction, or publicly campaign for election, is laughable. Instead, The Organization Department, the government’s HR experts, recommend promotions and elected officials must confirm them.Though commanding a fleet is an awesome responsibility, governing a country is an order of magnitude more difficult, yet we permit ambitious amateurs to join political factions, solicit campaign funds and make unfulfillable promises to reach the pinnacle of power. The process that has nothing to do with democracy: it’s simply how the Romans did it. Britain, a former Roman colony, copied them and the US, a former British colony, copied them. In the absence of a moral filter, says Martha Stout⁠1, “Politicians are more likely than people in the general population to be sociopaths...That a small minority of human beings literally have no conscience was and is a bitter pill for our society to swallow–but it does explain a great many things, shamelessly deceitful political behavior being one.”The Chinese find our amateur, promise-driven, personality-based governance unappealing. They would no more vote for amateur political leaders than for amateur brain surgeons. To them charm, good looks, quick wits and rhetorical skill signify shallowness, instability and glibness. Their political stars have always been experienced, scholarly, altruistic problem-solvers chosen on merit after decades of testing. Political dynasties like America’s Bushes, Japan’s Abes, South Korea’s Parks and Britain’s hereditary heads of State are unthinkable. No Party leader has ever placed close relatives in provincial or cabinet positions.Altruistic politicians have been fundamental to Chinese governance for two millennia. In 1000 AD, during our Dark Ages, with just one scholar-official for every eight thousand citizens, China was harmonious, technologically advanced and prosperous. Emperors and dynasties came and went while loyal, disciplined–often courageous–civil servants lived far from family, serving in remote regions under terrible conditions. Confucius⁠2’ moral meritocracy and the rigors of the job discouraged sociopaths and officials integrity, efficiency and entrepreneurial energy made China the most advanced civilization on earth. The tradition is remembered in Singapore’s Constitution as a White Paper affirms, “The concept of government by honorable men who have a duty to do right for the people and who have their trust and respect fits us better than the Western idea that government power should be as limited as possible.”The process of choosing the President and General Secretary is the same at all levels, but the criteria become more stringent as cadres rise in rank. Here’s provincial official Zhao Bing Bing [⁠1] describing the process at her level:I was promoted in 2004 through my department’s internal competition (30 percent on written exam results, 30 percent on interviews and public speaking, 30 percent on public opinion of my work and 10 percent on education, seniority, and my current position) and became the youngest deputy division chief. In 2009, Liaoning Province (pop. 44 million), announced in the national media an open selection of officials. Sixty candidates met the qualifications, the top five of whom were invited for further interviews. Based on their test scores (40 percent) and interview results (60 percent), the top three were then appraised. The Liaoning Province organizational department sent four appraisers who spent a whole day checking my previous records. Eighty of my colleagues were asked to vote–more than thirty of whom were asked to talk with the appraisers about my merits and shortcomings–and they submitted the appraisal result to the provincial Standing Committee of the CCP for review.In principle, the person who scored the highest and whose appraisals were not problematic would be promoted. However, because my university major, work experience and previous performance were the best fit for the position, I was finally appointed department chief of the Liaoning Provincial Foreign Affairs Office even though my overall score was second best [the government also discriminates positively in promoting women–ed]. Before the official appointment there was a seven-day public notice period during which anybody could report to the organization department concerns about my promotion. I didn’t spend any money during my three promotions; all I did was study and work hard and do my best to be a good person.In 2013, thanks to an exchange program, I worked temporarily in the CCP International Department. The system of temporary exchanges offers opportunities to learn about different issues in different regions and areas like government sectors and SOEs. In a famous quote Chairman Mao said, “Once the political lines have been clearly defined the decisive factor will be the cadres [trained specialists].” So the CCP highly values organizational construction and the selection and appointment of specialists. There is a special department managing this work, The Organization Department, established in 1924 and Mao was its first leader..The department is mainly responsible for the macro management of the leaders and the staff (team building), including the management system, regulations and laws, human resource system reforms—planning, research and direction, as well as proposing suggestions on the leadership change and the (re)appointment of cadres. In addition, it has the responsibilities of training and supervising cadres. The cadre selection criteria are: a person must have ‘both ability and moral integrity and the latter should be prioritized’. The evaluation of moral integrity focuses mostly on loyalty to the Party, service to the people, self-discipline and integrity. Based on different levels and positions, the emphases of evaluation are also different. For intermediate and senior officials, emphasis is on their persistence in faith and ideals, political stance and coordination with the central Party. High-level cadres are measured against great politicians and, among them, experience in multiple positions is very important.The track records of a thousand top politicians, available online⁠ [2], are impressive. Most, like Xi Jinping, started their political careers as manual laborers in dirt-poor villages in the late sixties and doubled the incomes of the people they governed, got PhDs and ran huge provinces, Fortune 500 corporations, universities or space programs. As they advanced they spent sabbaticals on the leafy, lake-studded campus of The Academy of Governance where they met the world’s leading thinkers and critiqued policies with senior policymakers.When the time comes, as it does every five years, to choose new leaders or reappoint them, the Party and the Organization Department will recommend the top dozen candidates to Congress. Then they’ll start voting candidates out, one by one, until the least unpopular, smartest candidate becomes the Prime Minister and least unpopular most honest candidate becomes the President.1 The Sociopath Next Door, by Martha Stout Ph.D.2 The Doctrine of the Mean[1] Daniel Bell and Zhao Bing Bing, The China Model.[2] The Committee - MacroPolo

Answer: It depends on a number of things, such as, the demand of your full-time job, the type of PhD you are doing, your study habit and how dedicated you are, your family situation, if you have one, your level of commitment to other activities, aside from your job and studies and so on.First, my comments relate to a student studying for a part-time PhD in Humanities or Social science, in Australia. A PhD student there does no course-work, therefore, does not need to study for examination. He will start on the various research tasks right away, which include copious literature review related to the topic of studies, the conducting of the research projects, which includes data collection, analysis and deciphering of the data to derive the findings and the writing up of the thesis/dissertation, before it is signed off for submission.A candidate will need to first be confirmed to be allowed to continue his candidature, 9 months from commencement, in which time he/she will need to submit a written research proposal on the chosen topic of studies, to a panel of research experts at the university. The student will then front before the panel formally, and the interested research community at the university, to answer questions pertaining to the purpose, feasibility, manageability and doability of the studies given the time and availability of resources.Officially, a full-time student is given a minimum of Three (3) years to compete the whole studies, but the truth must be told that, very few student can complete and submit the dissertation for examination by external examiners in three years.From my experience and information, most full-time students are likely to take 4 to 5 years to complete. A student, will good reason is usually approved to extend his/her candidature further, up to a year or a year and a half.Since I do not know your situations, I can only share what I knew from my PhD students, my university colleagues, and my own experience.Let me share that if you work full-time, particularly in a demanding position, you are likely to take 7 or 8 years or even more. In universities I am familiar with, the university's school of higher studies and research, will permit a PhD students working full-time, to undertake part-time studies only.Do not underestimate the demand of a PhD studies. It is nothing like what you had experienced before in your earlier bachelor or even master's studies.Having experienced personally the challenge of working full-time with a heavy workload, and trying to complete a PhD part-time, it was no easy feat, and there were a great deal of uncertainties and things/tasks that had to be thought through carefully. Sometimes, your supervisor may not be able to help. Therefore, you would need to be sufficiently mature and be able to work independently to resolve them yourselves, or know where to seek help.Clearly, completing a PhD is more than just coping with academic and intellectual challenges, but the ability to plan and organise tasks well. You do not panic easily, but are able to come up with alternative workable solutions for the challenges, whatever they may be. These are some of the training and equipping a PhD student can pick up for application to other part of his/her work life. My PhD students shared these aspects of their PhD experience too.In the times devoted the PhD work, I was working late into the night virtually daily, most weekends, holidays and a great part of the annual holidays. So, one must be able to stay the journey, be very focused, determined and do not give up easily - an important recipe to successfully complete your PhD, among others.Clearly, during week days, I could not devote any time to the studies during my paid working hours. As such, I would literally be thinking about issues and tasks for the PhD work, in my waking hours, except during the time of my paid-work.It would be a real treat, if I could take a break for a week, or take a short holiday, and if this was done, I would even take PhD work along. I could only do the data collection in the field overseas, during my few months of sabbatical.This was not just my personal experience, as my work colleagues shared rather similar experiences.If you have a partner or even a family, you have got to accommodate them and their interests too. This may particularly be hard trying to juggle your time satisfactorily, during the children's vacation.You may have other sporting and social activities, which you may devote less time now. You must be prepared to give some of these up too - Again, it may challenge your skills in organising your time as best as you can to ensure, it is utilised optimally - it is no easy feat, I can assure.You ask, how long on average to get a PhD. If you study it full-time, as I have noted, it may take 3.5 to 5 years realistically. If you study part-time, it may take 7-8 year.Should you take a pause in your job, it may take 4 to 5 years full-time, realistically.If you work part-time and study full-time, it may take 4.5–6 years, realistically. Note these are based purely on my personal estimation in my experience supervising PhD students, as well as my own personal experience.Hope this helps. All the best with your PhD studies.

Yes. This just in, Dec 21, 2020 about the new eruption of the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. Volcanos are relevant to our climate as they have a potential global cooling effect. New research reveals volcanoes explain the decline in temperatures over the past 5000 years.There were 67 confirmed eruptions at some point during 2020 from 63 different volcanoes; 22 of those were new eruptions that started during the year. A stop date with "(continuing)" indicates that the eruption was considered to be ongoing as of the date indicated.Eruptions in 2020 (New/Total) - Global Volcanism Program ...There were 74 confirmed eruptions at some point during 2019 from 71 different volcanoes; 27 of those were new eruptions that started during the year. A stop date with "(continuing)" indicates that the eruption was considered to be ongoing as of the date indicated.Eruptions in 2019 (New/Total) - Global Volcanism Program ...“Kilauea Volcano Erupts in Hawaii, Prompting Warning to Stay Inside“The civil defense authorities warned people to stay indoors to avoid the fallout of ash carried by the winds.The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii, considered one of the most active in the world, erupted overnight Sunday, prompting the authorities to warn residents to shelter from ash from the volcano.CreditCredit...EPA, via ShutterstockBy Christine HauserDec. 21, 2020Updated 10:50 a.m. ETThe Kilauea volcano in Hawaii erupted overnight Sunday, prompting the authorities to warn residents to shelter from ash driven by the wind away from the volcano, considered one of the most active in the world.Kilauea lies in the southeast corner of the Big Island, where its continuous, decades-long activity has been punctuated by sequences of eruptions.The Kilauea volcano has been erupting since 1983. The focal points at the start of the 2018 eruption sequence were the Halema’uma’u crater and a flank area known as the lower east rift zone, a point where the volcano’s surface is gradually splitting apart.”Kilauea Volcano Erupts in Hawaii, Prompting Warning to Stay InsideThe significant impact of Volcanos have been too little appreciated by alarmist science. See the recent study in NATURE showing volcanos are a key reason why we are experiencing a fall in global temperatures for the past 5000 years. The research explains that the unexpected temperature decline dubbed the HOLOCENE OPTIMUM is happening from seasonal orbitral variations and volcanos.Nature Communications“ABSTRACT…Here we show that both a global warming mode and a cooling mode emerge when performing a spatio-temporal analysis of annual temperature variability during the Holocene using data from a transient climate model simulation. The warming mode is most pronounced in the tropics. The simulated cooling mode is determined by changes in the seasonal cycle of Arctic sea-ice that are forced by orbital variations and volcanic eruptions. The warming mode dominates in the mid-Holocene, whereas the cooling mode takes over in the late Holocene. “Global temperature modes shed light on the Holocene temperature conundrumWhy volcanoes make temperatures fall?GLOBAL IDEAS“Volcanic eruptions can cool the planet“Indonesian authorities ordered an evacuation of the area around Bali's Mount Agung volcano as it erupted Sunday. Other volcanic eruptions have cooled the climate, with one even leading to the "year without a summer."Plunging temperatures, snow, freezing rain and gloomy days devoid of sunshine - such was the weather scenario in 1816. So cold and miserable that it became known as the year without a summer.From China to Europe and North America, crops failed, famine-like conditions prevailed, and infectious diseases spread, leaving a trail of civil unrest in their wake. As devastating as the inclement weather and its consequences were, they inspired their share of dark literary masterpieces.It was during that year that Mary Godwin penned her stormy and bleak Frankenstein, while her soon-to-be husband, poet Percy Shelley, wrote of the extinguished sun and stars and the mornings that "came and went and came, and brought no day."”Volcanoes Linked to Colder ClimateBy Thomas O'TooleFebruary 14, 1978“The freezing temperatures and heavy snows of this winter may have their origins in the fact that the world's volcanoes erupted last year with three times the frequency that they did in 1976.The two biggest eruptions, one last March on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Soviet Union and the other last August in Usu, Japan, sent dust and ash so high that the debris is still circling the world in the upper atmosphere.in -&nbspThis website is for sale! -&nbspatmosphere Resources and Information. all there were 28 new volcanic eruptions in 1977 and at least seven others that began in 1976 and continued through a good part of 1977."It's been an idea since the time of Benjamin Franklin that volcanic eruptions precede cold and wet weather," said Dartmouth College's Dr. Robert Decker, who is on sabbatical leave at the University of Hawaii studying the phenomenon. "There seems little question that when the fine dust from big eruptions gets into the global stratosphere it can form an opaque layer to keep some of the sunshine out."https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/02/14/volcanoes-linked-to-colder-climate/a8219423-712d-4368-84ab-1ca53546cd3f/Bali’s fiery volcano could end up temporarily cooling the entire planetBut we don’t yet know by how much.By Umair Irfan Updated Nov 30, 2017, 8:49am ESTHow much the needle moves, however, depends on what’s being erupted, according to NASA climate scientist Chris Colose.“Most eruptions do not have a meaningful climate impact, and so the risks associated with the eruption are limited to the nearby population,” he wrote in an email. “For climate, the big thing to pay attention isn't the ash but the sulfur emissions.”Gases like sulfur dioxide spew from volcanic craters during an eruption, hidden among billowing ash. These sulfur compounds react in the sky to form substances that scatter sunlight, thereby cooling the planet.How much a volcanic eruption cools the planet depends on the amount of material it erupts, how high it reaches, and the composition of that material. Eruptions can also change global rainfall patterns.”Bali’s fiery volcano could end up temporarily cooling the entire planetNature’s Response To 500 Years of CoolingJim Le MaistrecopyrightThe Axial Seamount300 kilometers off the coast of Oregon there is an undersea volcano, The Axial Seamount. It erupted in 1982, 1998, 2011 and 2015. New Scientist July 9th, 2007 suggests that there are roughly 3 million volcanoes under the oceans of the world, this one is the only under sea volcano ever, regularly, studied. It is estimated that about 80 % of all volcanic activity on Earth occurs under the oceans. Almost nothing is known about these volcanoes. Scientists do not even have a scale by which to measure volcanoes that erupt under the sea. No system has ever been developed to describe or rate their magnitude like the systems rating Volcanoes above land.Environment Canada – August 2015 . . . arrow pointing to ’Axial Seamount’- by author“On July 18th, 2011 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), an agency of the United States Government, declared, in Scientific American and also in Nature Geoscience on July 17th, 2011, that 1/2 of all the heat that keeps planet Earth from freezing in the cosmos comes from the Earth’s core. The other half of the heat that keeps life possible on Earth, comes from the Sun. The earth’s core is said to be 6,000o centigrade . . . Equal to the temperature of the surface of the Sun. NOAA described the core of the Earth as a Fission reactor producing more than one half the heat needed to survive in the Universe as we careen through space at 107,000 kilometers per hour around the Sun.Not one research paper regarding ‘climate change’ ever written to this day includes that 50% contribution to global warming coming from the Earth’s core. 100 % of all papers written to date describe the effects of the Sun and solar radiation as being the only source of energy. How will that effect our long-term calculations considering this one dramatic alteration to statistical analysis? And how will this one enormous fact change our views of climate change?100% of All current data predicting climate change, by extension, is flawed by at least 50 % . . .100 % of the computer models developed to project climate change are missing 50% of the input heat from the earth’s core. No scientist currently examining climate change has considered this massive influence coming from the fission reactor at the Earth’s core. There is absolutely no data representing the energy released from the thousand’s volcanoes erupting under the oceans every year in any document anywhere to be found regarding climate change. We have spent billions of dollars studying climate change and we have completely ignored the fundamental basis of good science. How can any scientific paper describing climate change be accredited or honorably peer reviewed, when 50% of the input contributors to study are missing?Satellite based thermal scanning of the Earth’s oceans have shown that there may be as many as 3 million volcanoes down under the ocean, New Scientist, July 9th, 2007. Above ground, in places like Hawaii, Iceland, Mexico or Indonesia, there are only 500 active volcanoes. There are 6,000 times more volcanoes under the oceans than there are above ground. We know absolutely nothing about these monsters below the oceans and we have no substantial research other than the research available describing The Axial Seamount off the coast of Oregon.We know more about the surface of the Moon, the surface of Mars and the workings of interstellar space than we know about the bottom of the oceans right here on Earth. Scientifically this should be a scandal. But no, it is without appeal to the masses. The much-needed research funding receives no voice from politicians or environmentalists. The best we can do is to make assumptions about how these volcanoes effect the environment of our little blue planet.There is something down under the oceans known as the Mid Ocean Ridge. It is 80,000 kilometers long and is in a state of continuous volcanic eruption and seismicity. That means it is always leaking out lava and it is always causing earthquakes everywhere along its length. This crack in the Earth’s crust is responsible for every earthquake and every volcano in the world, in some way. It circles the world endlessly like the seam on a baseball and has more to do with the earth’s climate than anything humans can ever imagine. Let’s take a look at El Niño and La Nina around the world.The major 1982–83 El Niño led to an upsurge of interest from the scientific community. The period 1991–1995 was unusual in that El Niño’s have rarely occurred in such rapid succession. An especially intense El Niño event in 1998 caused an estimated 16% of the world's reef systems to die. The event temporarily warmed air temperature by 1.5 °C, compared to the usual increase of 0.25 °C associated with El Niño events. Since then, mass coral bleaching has become common worldwide, with all regions having suffered "severe bleaching". It is thought that there have been at least 30 El Niño events since 1900, with the 1982–83, 1997–98 and 2014–16 events among the strongest on record.The 1997-98 Episode and the 2014-16 episode correspond directly with eruptions at The Axial Seamount. In both cases they seem scientifically coincidental but worthy of mention. Both eruptions released massive quantities of lava by volume and a great deal of heat was released, but they are very difficult to quantify given that they occurred under the largest body of water on the planet. Correlation yes, causation very difficult to attribute. No beginning or end, no obvious spike in temperatures directly attributable to the eruptions. Lots’a smoke . . . no fire.In 2011, on a global scale, La Niña events helped keep the average global temperature above recent La Niña trends. As a result, 2011 tied with 1997 for the eleventh-warmest year on record. It tied with the second-warmest year of the 20th century. A relatively strong phase of La Niña opened the year, dissipated in the spring before re-emerging in October and lasted through the end of the year. When compared to previous La Niña years, the 2011 global surface temperature was the warmest ever observed. The 2011 globally-averaged precipitation over land was the second-wettest year on record, behind 2010. Precipitation varied greatly across the globe. This La Niña contributed to drought in East Africa and Australia's third-wettest year in its 112-years of record keeping.These things on the surface seem to have little to do with one another until a comparison between global temperatures are made with the eruption years at The Axial Seamount. Then some very interesting anomalies appear from which our current views on climate change must be altered.In 1998 and the following year, temperatures were considered the warmest on record. This just happened to coincide with an eruption at the Axial Seamount. No big deal, not broadly known, unlikely relevant. A one-time event. But later, when we look back, maybe this was not just a coincidence. What if volcanoes erupting under the oceans are causing global warming? Again in 2015 another ‘warmest on record’ year. What if the correlation is the smoking gun of causation? New evidence at the Axial Seamount places another eruption in the early 1980’s. This is preliminary photographic evidence produced by NOAA and it is very interesting to say the least. Nice thoughts but even to good analytical scientists there is no direct link to cause.However, here is a quote about La Nina in 2011 . . . A relatively strong phase of La Niña opened the year, dissipated in the spring before re-emerging in October and lasted through the end of the year. When compared to previous La Niña years, the 2011 global surface temperature was the warmest observed.Now that is a smoking gun. The Axial Seamount erupted in the spring and continued into the early fall. This warming of the ocean currents by the sub-oceanic lava flow can be directly linked to one single volcanic eruption. Dates relating to the end of cooling and dates for the return to cooling directly corresponding to the eruption at The Axial Seamount. Now there is causation in a La Niña year. The direct linkage between one volcano and a failed La Niña is demonstrable. 2011 stands as the warmest La Niña year since humans began recording temperatures on paper.Imaging continues to show that the oceans are warming, and by extension, the planet is warming. These images are of water temperatures rising because of Volcanoes erupting beneath the Oceans all over the world.This was 2015, the year of the west coast drought and the warmest El Niño year on recordAll of these hot spots in the oceans are caused by lava leaking out from under the ocean at the mid-ocean ridge. Rising ocean temperatures releases carbon dioxide from the oceans for two main reasons. First, when the ocean is warmed by lava, like warming a pop bottle, quickly drives out the CO2 gas long stored at the bottom of the ocean. Second, melting sea ice increases the rate that the warm and cold ocean water mixes, which dredges up high CO2 concentrations from the deep ocean. Both of these raise total global concentrations of CO2 to levels not seen since The Roman Warming Period 2000 years ago, or the middle ages warming period 600 years ago. Not man-made CO2.This we know by studying CO2 trapped in ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland. Naturally occurring CO2 from natural sources exceeding current levels, even with man’s contribution. Not what environmentalists would have us believe.Like all other issues in the world – first, the question is asked, then some research is done, and then with science in hand theories are proposed based on fact . . . So, we have volcanoes erupting under the oceans, we have rising water temperatures, we have rising atmospheric temperatures, rising CO2 levels and rising global temperatures. All these converging things have happened repeatedly and unabated nine times in the last 10,000 years without the help from man or from the burning of fossil fuels.Dansgaard et al 1969 & Schonweise 1995So now, let’s ask ourselves, what is the chance that again, today, climate change is happening naturally, as it always has?”Thank you for your kind consideration of my researchJim Le MaistreAldergrove [email protected]